By
Rimas Almasri
A thesis book for the Final Architectural Project submitted to the Department of Architecture School of Architecture, Art, and Design, American University in Dubai In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Architecture Fall 2019
copyright @RimasAlmasri
Approval of the Thesis Book for Final Architectural Project Department of Architecture School of Architecture, Art, and Design, American University in Dubai
Scintilla By Rimas Almasri
Student Signature: ________________________________ Date__________________ Advisor Name: ___________________________________ Advisor Signature: _________________________________Date__________________
Dedication page I dedicate this thesis to my parents, Mohamad and Hiba who were always supportive since the beginning and provided the best for me, I wouldn’t have made it without you being there. You are my role models I love you both endlessly and I will always look up to you. To my sister Rawan, thank you for always being there and pushing me to achieve the best. Your words have always gave me strength, I love you my little one. To my close and real ones Lara, Sandy, Sandra and Salma thank you for being a source of love and support during those five years, for providing the best advices and for always having my back. To my second family Yasmin, Jabbour, Farah and Obai the amount of time and laughter I spent with you means a lot to me, especially while working is unforgettable. So many wonderful memories we shared and to many more. Each one of you has a special place in my heart.
Acknowledgment
To all the professors of the architecture department at American University in Dubai, thank you for providing the time and support. Professor Ignacio Nieto De La Cal, Dr Nabyl Chenaf, Professor Ghada Yaich, Professor Mohamad Balila, Professor Imad Hanna and of course Professor Annarita. Thank you for the knowledge I gained from all of you.
Abstract The world of art is a broad medium expression understood by all; it speaks no language and follows no tradition. It is simply universal. It comes in various forms, developed throughout history. Dubai has multiple museums mostly exhibiting static artworks, where people are not allowed to touch or participate in the artwork. Interactive art is a type of artworks that has its outcome achieved with the participation of the viewer, and sometime more than one viewer. Acquiring the connection between art and the individual is what attracts more people, and from all age groups. Since Dubai is a hub for multiculturalism where the difference is embraced, interactive arts is a great communicating tool between all types of people, especially visually to attract more people. In general moat people have been attracted to the consumerist side of Dubai, such as the tallest buildings or the biggest malls, and tend to drift away from more down to earth, sensitive attractions such as galleries and exhibitions. This lack of attention could be due loss of interest for static art for many. This research will lead to an outcome where interactive art would be a main consideration in the city as an important tool to stimulate humans’ creativity.
Intro
Artistry
Interactive Arts
Art and Architecture
1.1 City Canvas
1-2
2.1 History and Origin
9-10
3.1 Interaction
25-26
4.1 Interacting Buildings
41-42
1.2 Interactive
3-4
2.2 Types of Art
11-14
3.2 Interact with Art
27-32
4.2 Interaction of Art and Surroundings
43-44
1.3 Scintilla
5-6
2.3 Art in Different Disciplines
15-22
3.3 Meditate Through Art
33-34
3.4 Sketch
35-38
1
2
3
4
History Of Art
Case Studies
Analysis
Proposals
5.1 Art History in Dubai
49-50
6.1Museum of Contemporary Art 61-74
7.1 Dubai Mapping
127-128
8.1 Design Concept 1 159-160
5.2 Art in Dubai
51-56
6.2 Categories
7.2 Site Selection
129-130
8.2 Design Concept 2 161-162
7.3 Site Analysis
131-150
8.3 Design Concept 3 163-164
5.3 Is Dubai Interactive 57-58
6.3 Art Interacting To City
75-76
77-100
6.4 Interacting with People / Surroundings 101-124
7.4 Judgment Criteria 151-152 7.5 Program
5
6
7
8.4 Summary and Synthesis
153-156
8
165-166
1 Intro
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This chapter portrays a new vision of art conception. Introducing different methodologies of art, and different means of communication between human senses and art typologies. It explores the city of Dubai from an artistic angle. Therefore, it also includes a part examining the idea behind “interactive� as a main aspect for the topic of this book. Scintilla is an expression the discusses the design hypothesis of the topic and a brief introduction to it.
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1.1 City Canvas
The artistic background of Dubai is enhancing and developing more nowadays. It has various displays and representations in different locations. Art displays in this city focuses on representing specific concepts or ideas. It also represents the culture of Dubai expressed to the city. Dubai is a multicultural city, and art being a universal language creates.
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Figure 1: Dubai Skyline 4
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1.2 Interactive
Creating an Interactive architecture that embraces art and redefines peoples interaction with the art discipline. By providing an opportunity for connection between people and an art display, better understanding to the outcome of it would occur. Interactivity attracts and targets most people. It comes in various forms and expressed differently according to each activity.
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1.3 Scintilla
Art is a translation of the human expression, hence it should communicate and interact with the humans senses. Interaction between art and the human senses could be experienced in varieties. The use of multiple senses in a specific artwork is what add interactivity between the viewer and art. By the participation of the viewer with the art display, a different view is visualized of that artwork. Engaging of people from all age groups with arts is to be considered more for art exhibitions as it is interesting for many and attracts all.
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Artistry
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Art goes back to a long time ago and it was developed in various expressions since then. It presents different ideas using its multiple forms. There are a lot of types of art, but the mentioned are the ones express more through interactivity. Art plays a major role in different disciplines and is considered a main aspect in them. It has a different effect on each discipline and on the type of people in each one of them.
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2.1 History and Origin Art history goes back in time since the cave art which is around 40,000 years ago (Janson & Gombrich, 1950). However, the first artist in the history of art is Leonardo Da Vinci 1452–1519. Art after that became a broad medium of expression understood by all; it speaks no language and follows no tradition. It is simply universal. It comes in various forms, developed throughout history. Art discusses ideas and explore concepts without the need of written statements starting from a long time ago. The use of expression through art is easily understandable and it is some people’s main interest. In some art works, targeting the younger age is applied by attracting their attention, by using colorful visuals for example. Art is the expression of humans creative skills; it is also what a person’s imagination is. Since humans creativity is expressed through the different types of art, some prefer or are more creative in expressing specifically through one of the types. Art could be a great diversity of activities, where it could be a main active aspect for some spaces or even concepts.
Figure [1]: Art history and origins 12
2.2 Types of Art Art has many types that were developed throughout history, whether it’s through painting, colors or even performances. However, the main types include subtypes. The main types of art are visual, Physical and illusional art. Visual arts as in Paintings and sculptures. Physical arts are the ones that are physically practiced such as dance performance or ballet. Illusional arts are the ones that play with the perception of the brain such as: dimensionality and a sense of fire. Each type has a different effect, and some share the same use of space for example. In some countries specific types of art is used more. For example: in Dubai, the use of visual art is the main entity. However, after the researching and understanding what types of art are, Arts can also be static and dynamic. Static is the set of an artwork that already presents its outcome.
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Figure [2]: Art as expressions 14
Basically, all the still artworks: paintings and sculptures. Dynamic is an artwork that is active or moving. Some requires a movement so that a viewer is able to comprehend its final representation. (Mihajlovic & Petkovic, 2001). Dynamic arts have been seen for a while, but it didn’t have much appreciation in the past. It has been proven that static arts are not attracting many viewers since it’s not everyone’s interest. That is why dynamic arts started to be a main type for arts not only because it attracts all the viewers, but also it requires their active contribution in the artwork. This contribution is what finalizes the outcome of the artwork. (Zarhani & Zarhani, 2018). Dynamic art could require an activation not only by humans, but also a natural activation. For example: wind is a natural aspect that could cause movement to specific artworks where the viewer could see it.
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Figure [2]: Art as expressions 16
2.3 Art in Different disciplines 2.3.1 Art in Different disciplines Social Media
Social media had a role as well in terms of interacting art. People used social media to communicate some artworks to the world. Instagram was a main communication tool that is used nowadays. Instagram users usually tend to share posts and stories of things they do or like. Instagram was even used to create accounts for artistic stuff and advertise about it through it. The most shared artworks on Instagram got more people to know about it and made it popular. A famous example of an art piece that is commonly shared on Instagram is the Cloud Gate or ‘The Bean’ in Chicago. Instagram users posted pictures of themselves standing facing the Cloud Gate showing their reflection because it’s made of mercury. That is when this art piece went viral and got more popular (Hongxing, 2015). Instagram is a major aspect in communicating different artworks and that is used by many users and inspires them. People would even refer to Instagram to visit some famous locations. Especially if this location was advertised by influential people. Architecture students in American University in Dubai also used Instagram to submit their artistic work. They used different hashtags whenever they submitted to invite and allow more users to visit their page.
Figure [3]: Social media and art 17
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Interact
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Engage
Express
Art as Communication
Art is a language that is used among all types of people as a communication tool, where all people from different ages are also able to understand it. Art is practiced and expressed in various forms where some find a specific type easier to grasp than any other type, especially when it comes to the children. Studies showed that art is a common language in all parts of the world. People have used art in some situations to raise awareness or discuss a certain case and issues. Proving a point in arts is easier to communicate it with people in a peaceful way, since art is considered a sensitive attraction. Art can be used as an expression to explain the culture.
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2.3.2 Art in Psychology
Art is tool of communicating with all types of people. it is used as an expression of people’s creativity. Since art come in various forms, it provides multiple options of expression for the user. Healing and meditating also use art as part of the process. A therapist would use a symbolic expression to the person for easier and understandable interaction between them. Arts are also an easy tool for connection with the children, where colors are the best way to entertain and attract children’s attention. Art provides the chance to improve mental abilities for all age groups. It helps to overcome stress and improve social communication skills. Since it is understood by all, it helps children with learning disabilities and special needs. Colors attract children’s attention and allow them to explore using their creativity.
Figure [4]: psychological effect of art 21
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2.3.3 Art in Economics
Art plays a major role in the global economic growth and change. It has a value as a demand for a good market success. They are respected in the higher social classes and used as business and in auctions. Artworks, paintings specifically have a high cost that are not affordable by everyone. However, some paintings are very simple, but still have a high cost. High consideration and appreciation to paintings have made it an important aspect in economics. As a major market that had demands and affected the economy either positively or negatively. Paintings were expensive even in the early 1600’s where people used to pay for them with silver or gold. Paintings are appreciated in the society more than the artist who produced this valuable artwork. Since art paintings differ according to each genre in size, shape and price. That is why it targets different types of people depending on the genre used in the painting.
Figure [5]: Art appreciation for the higher classes 24
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Interactive Arts
Interactive arts are explored in this chapter starting from what interaction is and how it affects people or the viewer. It also discusses how it targets different ages because it is active and considered fun for many. This chapter also offer the opportunity to sketch anything at the end of it, concluding the concept of interaction.
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3.1 Interaction Interaction is a response that occurs between different objects, where each influences the other. Interaction is also considered as interconnectivity, which is the results of connections between two objects. Interaction has a different meaning, where it could be a name for communication. Interaction between human and computer is also a main subject that was discussed by many. It can also depict any procedure whereby the activity of one member impacts the activity of another member. These members don’t need to be human or even vitalize. One could depict the association between synthetic compounds (although that would, for the most part, lead to a concoction response) or the collaboration between the sun and the planets.
Figure [6]: Art appreciation for the higher classes 28
3.2 Interact with Art Another artist Tomas Saraceno exhibited his artwork “A Space on Time Foam” in Hangar Bicocca, Milan. He installed the largest inflatable site accessed to the public on a 24 meters height, where other viewers are able to visualize people on the inflatable site from down, which makes it a collective artwork (Saraceno, 2014). In usual artworks, the audience or the viewer has always been missing which is why some art exhibitions and galleries are not an important attraction to some people. In interactive art the audience or the viewer has a main active role as the artist do, to complete the artwork. This shows a main connection between the creator and the audience. Interaction has a rhetorical meaning where it expresses communication and its basis. The short historical background for this art caused confusion in the beginning. Dominic Lopez said “The presentation of the artwork is what we encounter when facing the work. For example, a presentation of a painting is the same as the two-dimensional canvas, or in the case of music, the sequence of sounds being heard, or in a novel, a series of sentences narrating a story” (Lopes, 2010: 4).
Figure [7]: Space foam art display 29
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Interactive art is a form of art that acquires the viewers contribution by adding an input into it, to achieve its outcome. It relies on the human senses because it includes temperature, motion and proximity. Interactive art can be considered as generated from generative art, where it is a contribution between the artwork and the participant. This type of art challenges and inspire people to think, communicate, learn, critique, explain, argue, debate, observe, decide, calculate, simulate, and design. (Fischer, 2001). The more people interact and contribute with the artwork, the stronger its definition becomes clear. (e.g. “How Does Interactive Art Create Meaning?” Widewalls). Since interactive art needs the viewer’s physical interaction, it is an easy common language for all that also provide chances for others to communicate together. It’s the idea of creating a designed environment to attract the visitor and engage a response. One of the most common interactions is between the human and computer, which is why some of the main interactive arts require the use of computers or it may be programmed through it.
Figure [8]: The event of thread 32
Figure 6: child and art interaction 33
Basically, the need of the audience to interfere in this artwork is a must. So, here is one of the major contrasts of the collaborative interactive works with non-collaborative-intelligent ones, which is the capacity to change the introduction of fine art that in the conventional workmanship media. the group of spectators manages the psychological elucidation of the work. In any case, another point is that this difference in introduction makes the group of spectators mindful of the fine art. To put it more accurately, if the crowd of such works takes some good ways from the work - an issue that we find in the customary workmanship media – and faces the work in an aloof manner, he won’t profit. The commitment of the crowd in craftsmanship brings about creating meaning. “Interactive art” is a kind of art that 1- Its audience can change the display of the artwork. 2- Due to the interaction, full perception of the work depends on interacting with it and changing the display of the artwork. 3- Involvement of audiences with the art piece is carried out physically and actively and with computer-based mediation.” (Ghaderi & Marasy, 2014: 222). In interactive arts, the viewer can adjust or change the amount activation according to the person’s activity.
This can be a change in the display of the artwork, which changes a part of understanding this artwork according to each person. An example of an interactive artwork is the Obliteration Room by Yayoi Kasuma, where she creates a generic (white room) that is basically completed by the participation of the visitors. The visitor must stick colored dots (sticker) onto any part of the room, even the furniture. The more dots are being stuck, the artwork becomes more understandable and completed. Anyone can participate in this artwork, even children because it is an easy interactive and fun artwork. To conclude this section, a key aspect to consider about interactive art is the concept of combining real bodies and real space. The viewer interacts with the artwork through physical senses, where they could react not only to the artist’s idea but also to the behavior that they make.
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3.3 Meditate Through Art
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Interactive art acquires physical contribution from the viewer using human’s senses. It is also easily understandable by all. It attracts the viewer which creates a lively environment around in the space that hosts this interactive artwork. Interactive art has also been proven that it helps with improving the mental productivity of humans. This kind of treatment utilizes workmanship as a method for correspondence and allows individuals to express and investigate their contemplations and feelings. You don’t should be masterful or imaginatively capable to partake in this treatment. Interactive art is also used as a way for better communication, even for those who have disabilities. The way is that the individual will utilize paints, chalks, and markers to do a portion of the accompanying sorts of craftsmanship treatment: draw or paint their feelings, make a pressure painting, structure a postcard that you will never send, make a feeling wheel, and the rundown goes on. This can be extremely extraordinary for the individuals who think that its exceptionally difficult to express their emotions verbally, youngsters and grown-ups the same.
Figure [10]: Art as a healing tool 36
3.4 Sketch
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Art and Architecture
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Art and Architecture are used and combined sometimes together for more expression. This chapter discusses how both engaging together could be more affective in terms of vitality, and in interacting with people and the surroundings. It explores examples of architecture buildings that have art combined with it’s design.
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4.1 Interacting Buildings In architecture, interaction for the buildings comes in different ways. Buildings could be interactive with the surroundings or towards people for example. Interaction in architecture is not only about including activity within the building, but also by the building itself being synergy. Some buildings are interactive in a way where it interacts the function of it to the outside, mainly attracting visitors. Kunthaus Graz museum an example of interacting the function to the outside, where it expresses the function of the museum through the faรงade. The lights on the faรงade are expressive and highly interactive, especially to people around. (Fournier & Cook, 2003). Architectural buildings could be interacting in many ways, but a main way is when its an attraction to people, whether its visual or through any other sense.
Figure [11]: Kunstaus Graz Facade 43
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Courtesy of Peeta
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4.2 Interaction of Art and the surroundings Architecture could be interactive to the surroundings which could be the nature. This feature in architectural buildings is a main cause to attract and invite people. Where even people in the building itself can feel the connection to the outside, transparency of the building is what would create this sense. Buildings could be providing areas that are interacting with people. Artist Manuel Di Rita, used buildings to paint his artworks where it is exposed to the surroundings and is interacted with people visually (Insider, Darcy 2019). He added colors to the plain buildings of Manheim in Denmark. One of his famous examples is the Courtesy of Peeta. He expressed his painting by three dimensionality for more attraction of people.
Figure [12]: Courtesy of Peeta 46
5 History of Art in Dubai
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This chapter explores the history of Dubai and that it does not go to a long time ago. It discusses how Dubai has developed so much from it being a desert to the city of life and highrise buildings. Dubai is also a city with cultural diversities where it gathers many types and cultures. This chapter explains the background of the city for a better understanding of how this topic’s goal would be achieved.
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Figure [13]: Dubai Skyine 49
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5.1 History of Dubai
The main human settlement throughout the entire existence of Dubai was in around 3000 BCE, when the territory was occupied by roaming steers herders. In the third century CE, the territory went under the control of the Sassanid Empire which went on until the seventh century, when the Umayyad Caliphate took control and presented Islam in the region. The territory was continued by angling and pearl jumping for a thousand years, with the main records of the town being made in 1799 when the Bani Yas family settled it as a reliance of Abu Dhabi. Dubai turned into a different Sheikhdom in 1833, when the Al-Maktoum administration of the Bani Yas tribe (at first from Abu Dhabi) took it over calmly. The development of fake pearls in 1926 and the Great Depression in 1929 caused a breakdown in the universal pearl advertise, which brought about the emir Sheik Saeed searching for an elective wellspring of pay and welcoming Indian and Iranian dealers to settle there without making good on any government obligation and Dubai getting one of the main re-send out ports on the planet. In 1966, oil was found in Dubai, which changed the nation to the point of being indistinguishable and prompted Dubai turning into the energetic, current, business-focused city. Figure [14]: Old Dubai
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5 .2 Art in Dubai The main human settlement throughout the entire existence of Dubai was in around 3000 BC, when the territory was occupied by roaming steers herders. In the third century CE, the territory went under the control of the Sassanid Empire which went on until the seventh century, when the Umayyad Caliphate took control and presented Islam in the region. The territory was continued by angling and pearl jumping for a thousand years, with the main records of the town being made in 1799 when the Bani Yas family settled it as a reliance of Abu Dhabi.
Figure [15]: Art Performance in JBR 53
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Figure [16]: Street Art in Satwa 55
Figure [17]: Art on the walls of La mer 56
Dubai turned into a different Sheikdom in 1833, when the Al-Maktoum administration of the Bani Yas tribe (at first from Abu Dhabi) took it over calmly. The development of fake pearls in 1926 and the Great Depression in 1929 caused a breakdown in the universal pearl advertise, which brought about the emir Sheik Saeed searching for an elective wellspring of pay and welcoming Indian and Iranian dealers to settle there without making good on any government obligation and Dubai getting one of the main re-send out ports on the planet. In 1966, oil was found in Dubai, which changed the nation to the point of being indistinguishable and prompted Dubai turning into the energetic, current, business-focused city.
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Figure [18]: Street art in Dubai 58
Figure [19]: Spun chair in D3 59
5.3 Is Dubai Interactive? Dubai is a city that has so many different cultures due to the diversity of nationalities it has. Due to this diversity, Dubai hosts so many important facilities (“A history of future cities,” 2013). These facilities satisfy people’s desire in many ways and serves their interests. Since Dubai always aim to provide facilities for different types of people, it requires people interactivity for the completion of this aim. Dubai is considered interactive because it always relates to interacting with people and serve their needs and desires. The diversity of cultures in Dubai is a major aspect to having a higher chance to interact with different people. Considering almost all types of people, Dubai tries to serve and interact
with all. Dubai started hosting art exhibitions with interactive artworks in many ways. Dubai Design District ‘D3’ is an artistic area exhibiting different types of interactive and non-interactive artworks. In D3, a visitor encounters a culture diversity which allow for more interaction between people. That is why D3 is a district that exhibits interactive artworks to attract people coming from different backgrounds. A popular example of an interactive art displayed work in D3 is the ‘spun chair’. It is a chair that spins when a person uses it, it is used by people from all ages even children enjoy this interactive display (Rachwani, Herzberg, Golenia, & Adolph, 2019).
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6 Case Studies
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For case studies, this chapter introduces them by analyzing a key building that is covering most of the aspects that are useful for this topic. Museum of Contemporary Arts in Kanazawa is a building that has so many interactive aspects. For the other case studies, the chapter shows how there are two categories expressing interaction differently. Where each category shows a type of interaction that would be helpful for this topic. The first category is interaction of buildings with art with the city. This category is basically showing how interaction between the building and the city is a major attraction for the people and makes the building outstanding somehow in the city. Under this category, three case studies are included, which are A Slice of Heaven Danish Art Museum Rooftop, Kunsthaus Graz Museum and Market Hall. The second category is the building interactive with people/art. This includes study case that expresses interaction with people or art through spaces or features that are defining interactivity. The study cases are RognaRock and Kindergarten Kekec. These categories help defining the interactive aspects that supports my thesis. Each study case expresses interaction in a different way than the other study case.
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Figure [20]: Museum of Contemporary Art 63
6.1 Museum of Contemporary Arts in Kanazawa. Architect: Kazuyo Sejima, Ryue Nishizawa Location: Kanazawa, Japan Year: 2004
Museum of Contemporary Art is in Kanazawa, Japan in Kenroku garden. The building has a circular shaped form. Its shaped in that way to create an easy access from all points around the building. It includes multiple functions that gathers everyone, even the younger ones. Exhibitions area has multiple partitions dividing the spaces. The transparency in this museum is a main feature where it creates visual connection with the nature around it and the feeling of having a continuous space with the outside. Some proportions of the museum do not have natural daylight, depending on the need of the displayed artwork. The circular shaped building is designed to provide additional exhibition spaces. The inclusion of fully glazed courtyards allows for natural daylight to enter the center of the museum and that is where the partition walls are needed. Gathering spaces are multiple due to the different functions the building hosts such as: lecture rooms, and children’s workshop.
Figure [21]: Courtyard of the museum 64
Location The museum is in Kanazawa Ishikawa, Japan. Next to a public garden “Kenroco en”. Which makes it easily noticeable to people.
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Figure [22]: Located in the Kenrocoen park 66
Design Strategy
The aim of the design in this museum is to create a balance between two main factors. It limits the boundaries between private and public spaces. The design is provocative in which it offers preferable movement for the visitors and allows them to decide their own route in interacting with people and the artworks.
Figure [23]: Exhibition space 67
Figure [24]: Outdoor Exhibition space 68
Accessibility
Access
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Figure [25]: Entrance area 70
Program
Exhibitions Guest Utilities Services 71
Circulation
Horizontal Vertical 72
Light The use of glass in this museum makes it highly transparent and visually inte-grated with the outside. Also, the centered courtyards allowed for more trans-parency because of the glass used in it. The transparency of this building made it more affective and interactive with people and the surroundings.
Figure [26]: Daylight through glass 73
Figure [27]: Building transparency
Key Element
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Figure [28]: Art displays 75
Figure [29]: Courtyard art displays 76
6.2 Categories
Building with Art- Interacting to the city A Slice of Heaven Kindergarten Kekec Kunsthaus Graz 77
Building interacting with people / Art Market Hall RognaRock Museum The Baltic Gallery 78
6.3 Art Interacting to the City This category explores study cases about buildings that interacts art to the city. Basically, showing its function to the public which attracts people. This makes the building interactive to the surrounding by expressing art through the exterior. These study cases also express interactive arts through their interior spaces, where a person can experience it (Mak & Ng, 2005). In this category, three buildings are explored as it explains the concept of this title. However, the Kunsthaus Graz Museum is deeply analyzed, as it’s a main expression to this category and covers all key points of it. Along with the analyzing, two other study cases are explored which are A Slice of Heaven, ARoS Aarhus art museum and Kindergarten Kekec. These buildings explain how buildings can be interactive to the city, expressing the concept to the outside.
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Kindergarten Kekec, Slovenia
A Slice of Heaven, Denmark
Kunsthaus Graz, Austria
Figure [30]: Slice of heaven 81
A Slice of Heaven ARoS Aarhus Art museum,Denmark Architect: Olafur Eliasson Firm Location: Denmark Year: 2004
The ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum is one of the biggest art museums in Europe, and its 10-story high rooftop is getting a lively extra that will significantly change the substance of its outside. The huge undertaking includes building a monster walkway over the ARoS Aarhus Kunst museum. The walkway should mirror Dante’s ‘Divine Comedy’ and fills in as a scaffold among paradise and hellfire. For guests to the exhibition hall, this walkway will consider some truly cool perspectives on the encompassing city scene.
Figure [31]: Interior view of the bridge 82
Figure [32]: Kekec exterior view 83
Kindergarten Kekec Slovenia
Architect: Arhitektura Jure Kotnik Location: Slovenia Year: 2010 Kindergarten Kekec is a prefabricated kindergarten in Slovenia from the 1980’s. its located in a residential area called Ljubljana’s. The kindergarten got located in this neighborhood due to the population growth it has witnessed. It was designed within a playground to reduce the density of the buildings in that area. The kindergarten was completed in three days only. It was designed considering the lack of play equipment around that area. The facade serves this need where it has wood panels all around. The panels are movable in where it requires the children’s interactivity to alter them. When the panels are moved, the viewer is able to see the change on both the interior and the exterior. Where the panels are serving as shading elements and when its moved, the shadow percentage changes according to that. However, from the exterior the viewer is able to view the change because each panel is painted in a different color. When all panels are altered the facade turns colorful which is a joyful activity for the children interacting with the building
Figure [33]: Kekec exterior view 84
Figure [34]: Kunsthaus Graz Museum 85
Kunsthaus Graz Museum Austria Architect: Colin Fournier & Peter Cook Location: Graz, Austria Year: 2003
Kunsthaus Graz was designed to provide exhibition spaces and exhibits new materials and artworks. The building’s main aspect is its facade. It has a skin made of iridescent blue acrylic panels. These panels are also photo-voltaic expressing art through it to the outside. In local vernacular, its known as the “Friendly Alien” of how it acts to the surroundings. It also combines media, art and architecture in its design. As a museum, it gathers modern and contemporary artworks from the 1960’s until today. Consisting of nine hundred and thirty fluorescent lamps, the facade can be used as a screen for animation. The facade of Kunsthaus is referred to as the “communicative display skin”.
Figure [35]: Kunsthaus Graz street view 86
Location
The museum is Located in the city of Graz, Austria. Alongside of the Mur River and in Lenkai SĂźdtiroler Platz.
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Figure [36]: City bird view 88
Key Element The building’s main aspect is its facade. The concept of the facade was developed by another architecture firm “United”. The concept of the facade is BIX, it has a skin made of iridescent blue acrylic panels. These panels are also photo-voltaic expressing art through it to the outside. In local vernacular, its known as the “Friendly Alien” of how it acts to the surroundings (Fillion, 2003). It also combines media, art and architecture in its design. The facade is a communicating tool to express art through it. 930 Fluorescent Lamps
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Iridescent blue acrylic Panels (photo-voltaic panels).
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Design Strategy The family history of the undertaking’s biomorphic structure lies in its fashioners’ long-standing interest with the creature nearness of architecture and in the checkered history of the challenge for the Kunsthaus, which was initially planned to occupy an enormous pit inside the Schlossberg, the slope that stands in the focal point of the city. The methodology received by the creators at the time was to fix this rough depression with a naturally formed layer filling its unpredictable and harsh inward shapes and to enable this film to jut out of the mountain and into the city, similar to the tail or tongue of a winged serpent. At the point when the area of the historical center was changed to its ebb and flow site along the Mur, the winged serpent skin discovered its way over the stream, streamed into the
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unpredictable geometric limit of the new site and folded itself over the two raised decks of the exhibition hall, shaping a natural nook that looks like neither rooftops nor dividers nor floors however a consistent transforming of the three. The smoothness of the structure’s resultant twofold bended surfaces has delicate and cuddly meanings which, joined with the impossible to miss nature of its spouts, its various noses and eyes, have prompted the structure’s “Friendly Alien” epithet. Without a doubt, the structure looks for, through its appearance and usual methodology, to be an amicable organization that is effectively open to general society and embraced by the individuals of Graz as an odd however well-known piece of the ordinary existence of the city.
Figure [37]: Concept diagram
Figure [38]: 3D section
Top view showing the nozzles of the design
This 3D section shows the spaces of the museum, and how they are connected with ramps. Also highly pointing the nozzles that provide natural daylight 92
Light
Natural Light Element
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Figure [39]: Interior light source 94
Circulation
Vertical Circulation Horizontal Circulation 95
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Program
Guest Utility Public Areas Services 97
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Materials
This museum is made of metal and glass. The glass is mainly for the exterior along with the acrylic panels. The panels carry photo-voltaic lights express the main concept of the museum.
Figure [40]: Facade closeup view 99
Figure [41]: Access point 100
Interaction
The main interaction aspect of this museum is the facade that expresses art works by different artists through the fluorescent lights in it. Interacting the artistry with the city. It also interacts with people by delivering the concept of the artworks and attracting their attention.
Figure [42]: Facade lights 101
Figure [43]: Night view 102
6.4 Interacting with People / Surroundings
This category explores case studies of buildings that interact with people or art, through its design or spaces. A building can be interactive with people by providing an aspect that serves the visitor. It can also be interactive to the arts by providing its spaces to be part of the exhibited artwork. The three case studies express these aspects. The chosen buildings are Market Hall, The Daniel Buren exhibition and RagnaRock Museum. However, this chapter shows a deep analysis of the RognaRock Museum because it highlights aspects that are supportive of this category.
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Market Hall, Rotterdam.
RognaRock Museum, Denmark.
The Daniel Buren Exhibition at the Baltic, UK
Figure [44]: Gallery Interior 105
The Daniel Buren Exhibition at the Baltic, United Kingdom Architect: Daniel Buren Location: United Kingdom Year: 2002, Artwork 2014
This presentation truly spoke to me because of the accentuation it had on light as I probably am aware significance of light particularly inside photography and the intelligent property inside this show regarding each time you stroll past a mirror you see the craftsmanship in an alternate way and an alternate example develops. It was as though you were making the craftsmanship yourself thus this is something that I found exceptionally viable and a stand apart factor of this presentation which would particularly speak to the more youthful crowd thus I wasn’t shocked to see more youthful kids having fun going around the space and looking in the mirrors.
Figure [45]: Exterior view 106
Figure [46]: Market hall exterior 107
Market Hall Rotterdam
Architect: Daniel Buren Location: United Kingdom Year: 2002, Artwork 2014
The building is made of nature grey stone shaped as an arch. Having two glass facades on both the back and the front of it, allowing more visual connection. The transparency of the glass also allows people to view the concept of this hall. Because the interior of the arch in this building is expressing the function of a market, by representing artwork of enlarged fruits and vegetables on it. Which is highly expressive to the outside due to the glass facades. Other than the market hall, the building also holds two hundred and twenty-eight apartments with balconies on the sides of the building. The building has four underground levels for parking. The horizontal design of the floor plan allows for more circulation to ease the movement of the visitors. The market is based on one floor. However, it has different levels overlooking the market. Figure [47]: Interior market 108
Figure [48]: Rognarock museum 109
RagnaRock Museum Denmark Architect: Cobe & MVRDV Location: Denmark Year: 2016
The design of this museum is created to give the visitor a n experience of a rock star throughout its spaces. The entrance of the building introduces a red carpet for a better sense of fame to complete the theme. “Walking towards the golden building over the red carpet will turn each visitor into a star,� Jacob van Rijs who partnered with MVRDV to design the museum, explains the experience of the approach to the entrance. The golden overhang of the higher floor creates a public gathering space underneath it which is the area in front of the main entrance. Also, the design of it along with the colors of the facade of the building strongly expresses the rock star theme. This is an important interaction between the people and this aspect of the building. The museum includes exhibition and performance spaces.
Figure [49]: Ragnarock museum 110
Location The museum is located in Rockslide, Denmark. In a district that holds cement Factories.
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Figure [50]: Access point 112
Key Element
Key element: in this museum, the key element is the hanging golden roof. It is creating a space underneath which is in front of the main entrance. It is also considered as a gathering area because its shaded by the roof. The overhang of the roof has the golden studded spikes as a design to express the rock style as the whole museum is.
Figure [51]: Red carpet for the entrance 113
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Design Staretegy
The museum was designed to translate the language of rock style. That is why is has studs throughout the whole building. The interior also expresses this style using velvet on its interior walls. That is why the halls of this museum is different that all the halls in other museums. The design also aims to create connection between education and performance (“MVRDV,� 2006).
Figure [52]: Red interior 115
Figure [53]: Gold facade 116
Light
The museum does not have many openings to allow day light to enter the building since the functions it hosts does not require that. Exhibition areas and performances halls does not need natural daylight in the case of this museum. However, it has glass on its some of its facades to provide natural daylight for areas that need that.
Figure [54]: Interior view 117
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Circulation
Vertical Circulation Horizontal Circulation 119
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Program
Guest Utility Public Spaces Services 121
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Materials
The rock and roll styled museum is made of steel and concrete. However, its interior walls have a velvet material that is added as a finish to complete the theme.
Figure [55]: Golden Material 123
Figure [56]: Rock style theme 124
Interaction
The main aspect that expresses interaction with people in this museum is the over hanged golden roof. It acts as a shading element creating a gathering space underneath. The extrusion of it highly represents interaction not only with people, but also with the surroundings. The golden studded spikes on the exterior of it make it stand out and interacted even more.
Figure [57]: Main entrance 125
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7 Site Analysis
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This chapter explores three different site selection that are judged by a sat criteria. Each selection is analyzed and has an analysis to it. However, one site is chosen according to the judgment criteria and what suits the topic better. The chosen site is analyzed even deeper to show and explain its strengths and its relevancy to this topic. The site selections are in Dubai Marina, Dubai Waterfall “Dubai Canal�, and Business Bay. The selection that was chosen is Dubai Waterfall. It was chosen according to the judgment criteria, where it matched all the needs and aspect that are required as a site.
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7.1 Mapping This map shows the three most famous art museums in Dubai which are: Jameel Art Center, DIFC Art Center, Dubai Design District, and Alserkal Avenue. The highlighted museums on the map expresses a strong continuation connection between all the museums. This link between the locations made it easier for people to experience the different museums since it’s a continuous connection restricted almost in the same areas. That is why two of the site selections are within the same area to support the concept of this continuous link.
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7.2 Site Selection
Site 2: Business Bay
The selected sites were chosen according to what mostly applies to the judgment criteria. Each site had most of the aspects of the criteria. The three site selections are analyzed for a better understanding of each one. However, only one site is chosen according to the judgment criteria. The sites are in Dubai Marina, Water Canal and Business Bay. The chosen site is Water canal, because it covered all the aspects preferred.
Site 1: The Water Canal
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Site 3: Dubai Marina
1 2 3
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7.3 Site Analysis Site 1 Water Canal
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Site Images
By Author
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By Author
By Author
By Author
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Functions
This diagram shows the functions around the selected site which is Dubai Waterfall. The site is located within an area that includes different functions and along a very important landmark ‘The Waterfall’ hence the name of the site. The area includes different types of public services such as schools and children with determination learning center.
Parking Public Services Residential Commercial 137
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Roads
This site is located next to the most popular road in Dubai, Sheikh Zayed Road. The diagram clearly highlights that road, it also highlights the secondary roads on both sides of Sheikh Zayed Road. Secondary roads leading to the selected sites are also clearly pointed out for easier understanding of the site. All the other roads that lead to the site from the opposite side of it are also highlighted.
Primary Road Secondary Road 139
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Pedestrian Flow
Pedestrian flow around this site is active in a way. Because it is located near Sheikh Zayed Road and next to the Canal which has a high level of walkability. People tend to go for a jog there and they cross under the bridge to the other side of Sheikh Zayed Road where the canal still connects. There is a high pedestrian flow in business bay as well near the metro station, especially during rush hours. The metro station in 700 meters away from this site which is considered as a walkable distance. That is why the flow goes from business bay continuing to the canal passing through the site.
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Sun Analysis
This diagram shows the sun orientation of this site. It represents where the sun rises and sets.
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Wind Analysis
Wind analysis is expressed differently in summer and winter. Wind flow changes from a season to another as shown in these diagrams.
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Greeneries
The site has few areas around with greeneries, because it is located next to many residential units. There are greeneries in those residential units, but they’re not seen from the site. Across the canal, green areas are visually viewed from the site. But especially in the walking area of the canal a person is not able to see many greeneries. However, greeneries exist in the area of the site.
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Water Body
The main water feature for this site selection is the Dubai Canal. It is not only a major attraction for people but also provides a walk for people connecting both sides of the Sheikh Zayed Road. The Canal has also the waterfall which can be viewed from the site.
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Transportation Nodes
There are multiple types of transportation in the area of this site. There is the Business bay metro station that is seven hundred meters away. Since the site is located next to the waterfall, there is a marine transport station that is connected to marina. There are multiple bus stops as well, where also taxis are found. The metro station is a point where taxis are found also across the other side of the station. People can cross through the bridge to the other side.
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Site 2 Business Bay
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Site 3 Dubai Marina 155
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7.4 Judgment Criteria
Visual Interaction
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Central Location
Cultural Diversity
Pedestrian Walkability
Presence of Water Body
Easy Accessability
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7.5 Project Program The program illustrates the functions the project hosts. It is divided into different zones and each zone introduces different functions. The functions are categorized under these zones according to how it would be planned in the project. The number of units for each function is also specified according to the need of it for this topic. The chapter explores different types of representations for the program, the project program table and the relationship matrix. The matrix expresses the relationship between each function and mentions how important of that relationship to be applied in the program of the project.
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Project Program Table
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Relationship Matrix
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Proposals
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The proposals in this chapter is an idea of the project and how it would be planned considering the aspects of the site and the functions in the program of the project. Each proposal expresses a different idea of interaction.
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Lustrous The program illustrates the functions the project hosts. It is divided into different zones and each zone introduces different functions. The functions are categorized under these zones according to how it would be planned in the project. The number of units for each function is also specified according to the need of it for this topic. The chapter explores different types of representations for the program, the project program table and the relationship matrix. The matrix expresses the relationship between each function and mentions how important of that relationship to be applied in the program of the project.
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Gradual
This concept is to create a gradual change in height, attracting people from below the bridge of Sheikh Zayed Rd, to the building. The building expresses a smooth continuous transition interacting with the viewers and the surroundings.
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In-Out
The concept behind in and out is to create a link between indoor and outdoor exhibitions as a main aspect for interaction between public and private. By providing openings through the buildings that are surrounding the main outdoor exhibition.
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