RDE n.°1

Page 1

ISSN 1659-2808

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SEMESTRE

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DIRECTOR Luis Antonio Sobrado González SUBDIRECTOR Alejandro Bermúdez Mora CONSEJO EDITORIAL Luis Diego Brenes Villalobos (Coordinador) Arlette Bolaños Barquero Luis Bolaños Bolaños Olivier López Jiménez Mary Anne Mannix Arnold Rocío Montero Solano Juan Luis Rivera Sánchez DISEÑO y DIAGRAMACIÓN Alex González González Dirección URL www.tse.go.cr/revista/revista.htm Para consultas, sugerencias y publicaciones: biblioteca@tse.go.cr Publicación electrónica semestral, registrada en los siguientes servicios de información: Directorio Latindex (Catálogo) Biblioteca del TSE (Indexación)

Los artículos firmados son responsabilidad del autor y no necesariamente reflejan el pensamiento del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones.

342.07 R

Revista de derecho electoral / Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. – no. 1 (Segundo semestre 2006)-. San José, C.R. : Ediciones Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, 2006-. v ISSN 1659-2808 Semestral 1. Derecho electoral. 2. Legislación electoral. 3. Partidos políticos. 4. Elecciones. 5. Derecho registral. 6. Publicaciones periódicas I. Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones.

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Para distribución y canje: BIBLIOTECA DEL TSE


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Nร MERO 1 / PRIMER SEMESTRE 2006

7


Flavia Freidenberg

ƒ YLZWL[V KLS WYPUJPWPV KL TH`VYxH X\L OHNH X\L SHZ KLJPZPVULZ ZLHU [VTHKHZ LU M\UJP}U KL SH HNYLNHJP}U TH`VYP[HYPH KL SHZ ]VS\U[HKLZ PUKP]PK\HSLZ ` NHYHU[xHZ WHYH SHZ TPUVYxHZ" ƒ ` JVU[YVS LMLJ[P]V WVY WHY[L KL SVZ TPSP[HU[LZ KL SVZ KPYPNLU[LZ H [YH]tZ KL WYVJLZVZ X\L JHZ[PN\LU V WYLTPLU H SVZ X\L [VTHU SHZ KLJPZPVULZ ,]PKLU[LTLU[L UV OH` \U Z}SV NYHKV KL KLTVJYHJPH PU[LYUH ,U SH WYmJ[PJH W\LKL OHILY VYNHUPaHJPVULZ TmZ V TLUVZ KLTVJYm[PJHZ /HIYm TmZ KLTVJYHJPH PU[LYUH Z}SV J\HUKV OH`H \UH I\LUH KVZPZ KL JHKH \UV KL SVZ LSLTLU[VZ TLUJPVUHKVZ 3V X\L UV LZ[m Z\ÄJPLU[LTLU[L JSHYV H‚U LZ J\mU[V KL JHKH \UV KL LZ[VZ LSLTLU[VZ ZVU ULJLZHYPVZ WHYH X\L \U WHY[PKV ZLH TmZ KLTVJYm[PJV 7\LKL OHILY LSLJJPVULZ PU[LYUHZ WHYH LSLNPY JHUKPKH[VZ ` H\[VYPKHKLZ WLYV X\L LS WHY[PKV JVU[PU‚L ZPLUKV VSPNmYX\PJV ` JLYYHKV H SVZ TPSP[HU[LZ KL IHZL 7\LKL ZLY X\L \U WHY[PKV PU[LNYL H KP]LYZVZ Z\NY\WVZ LU Z\Z JHUKPKH[\YHZ WLYV X\L LZVZ JHUKPKH[VZ HZ ZLHU LSLNPKVZ ¸H KLKV¹ ZPU \UH WHY[PJPWHJP}U LMLJ[P]H KL SVZ TPSP[HU[LZ UP JVTWL[LUJPH LU[YL KP]LYZHZ JHUKPKH[\YHZ 0UJS\ZV W\LKLU OHJLYZL LSLJJPVULZ PU[LYUHZ WHYH ZLSLJJPVUHY JHUKPKH[VZ ` V H\[VYPKHKLZ WLYV X\L ZLHU Z}SV ]LOxJ\SVZ KL SLNP[PTHJP}U KL KLJPZPVULZ H\[VYP[HYPHZ ` X\L SVZ TPSP[HU[LZ UV [LUNHU UPUN\UH WVZPIPSPKHK KL LQLYJLY JVU[YVS ZVIYL SHZ H\[VYPKHKLZ WHY[PKHYPHZ :P IPLU YLZ\S[H KPMxJPS TLKPY LS UP]LS KL KLTVJYHJPH PU[LYUH KL \U WHY[PKV WVSx[PJV TP WYVW\LZ[H JVUZPZ[L LU L_WSVYHY SH WYLZLUJPH KL \UH ZLYPL KL WYVJLZVZ LU LS M\UJPVUHTPLU[V PU[LYUV" HZx JVTV [HTIPtU LS TVKV LU X\L ZL SSL]HU H JHIV KPJOVZ WYVJLZVZ 3HZ KPTLUZPVULZ L PUKPJHKVYLZ H WHY[PY KL SVZ J\HSLZ ZL W\LKL YLHSPaHY TLQVY LZH VIZLY]HJP}U ZVU [YLZ! ( :LSLJJP}U KL JHUKPKH[VZ H JHYNVZ KL LSLJJP}U WVW\SHY ` KL H\[VYPKHKLZ WHY[PKPZ[HZ" ) 7HY[PJPWHJP}U KL TPUVYxHZ ` ZLJ[VYLZ ZVJPHSLZ Z\IYLWYLZLU[HKVZ T\QLYLZ Q}]LULZ NY\WVZ t[UPJVZ LU LS WYVJLZV KL [VTH KL KLJPZPVULZ ` LU SH KLÄUPJP}U WYVNYHTm[PJH KLS WHY[PKV" * 9LUKPJP}U KL J\LU[HZ KL SVZ JHUKPKH[VZ JHYNVZ W‚ISPJVZ ` H\[VYPKHKLZ KLS WHY[PKV H SHZ IHZLZ

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8

NÚMERO 1 / PRIMER SEMESTRE 2006


DEMOCRACIA INTERNA: RETO INELUDIBLE DE LOS PARTIDOS POLÍTICOS

LS \ZV KL TLJHUPZTVZ WHY[PJPWH[P]VZ LU SH LSLJJP}U KL SHZ H\[VYPKHKLZ JVTV \UH THULYH KL LUMYLU[HY SH VSPNHYX\PaHJP}U VYNHUPaH[P]H 7VZPISLTLU[L LZ[L ZLH \UV KL SVZ YL[VZ TmZ KPMxJPSLZ KL HSJHUaHY *\HSX\PLY WVSx[PJV X\L [LUNH LU Z\Z THUVZ SH KPYLJJP}U WHY[PKPZ[H V LS JVU[YVS KL YLJ\YZVZ KL WVKLY KLU[YV KL \U WHY[PKV WVSx[PJV UV X\LYYm KLZWYLUKLYZL KL LSSVZ ,Z UH[\YHS X\L KLZHYYVSSL HJ[P[\KLZ JVUZLY]HKVYHZ JVU YLZWLJ[V HS JHTIPV VYNHUPaH[P]V @ WYLJPZHTLU[L LS LZJHZV YLJHTIPV KL SHZ H\[VYPKHKLZ WHY[PKPZ[HZ SH JVUZ[HU[L YLLSLJJP}U KL SVZ TPZTVZ KPYPNPLU[LZ V KL TPLTIYVZ ]PUJ\SHKVZ WVY SHaVZ UV I\YVJYm[PJVZ ZVU J\LZ[PVULZ X\L KPÄJ\S[HU SVZ UP]LSLZ KL KLTVJYHJPH PU[LYUH `H X\L UV MHJPSP[HU SH PN\HSKHK KL VWVY[\UPKHKLZ KL SVZ TPLTIYVZ KL HZJLUKLY LU SH JHYYLYH I\YVJYm[PJH

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NÚMERO 1 / PRIMER SEMESTRE 2006

9


Flavia Freidenberg

* 9LUKPJP}U KL J\LU[HZ KL SVZ JHUKPKH[VZ JHYNVZ Wย ISPJVZ ` H\[VYPKHKLZ KLS WHY[PKV H SHZ IHZLZ <UH ย S[PTH KPTLUZP}U X\PamZ SH TLUVZ L_WSVYHKH LU LS HUmSPZPZ KL SH KLTVJYHJPH PU[LYUH LZ SH YLUKPJP}U KL J\LU[HZ [HU[V KL SVZ KPYPNLU[LZ JVTV KL SVZ JHUKPKH[VZ YLZWLJ[V KL SVZ TPSP[HU[LZ KLS WHY[PKV 3H KLTVJYH[PaHJP}U ZL JVUZPN\L JVU TH`VY JVU[YVS KL SVZ YLWYLZLU[HU[LZ WVY WHY[L KL SVZ JP\KHKHUVZ ` LZ[V ZL OHJL L_[LUZPISL H SVZ TPSP[HU[LZ JVU YLZWLJ[V H Z\Z H\[VYPKHKLZ ` Z\Z JHUKPKH[VZ 7YLJPZHTLU[L LS OLJOV KL X\L SVZ KPYPNLU[LZ KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ KLIHU YLZWVUKLY H SHZ L_PNLUJPHZ KL SVZ TPLTIYVZ ` KL SVZ JP\KHKHUVZ LU NLULYHS LZ SV X\L SVZ KPMLYLUJPH KL J\HSX\PLY V[YV [PWV KL VYNHUPaHJP}U <U WHY[PKV ZLYm LU[VUJLZ PU[LYUHTLU[L KLTVJYm[PJV J\HUKV Z\Z KPYPNLU[LZ YPUKHU J\LU[HZ HU[L Z\Z TPLTIYVZ ` LZ[VZ HS [LULY PUMVYTHJP}U W\LKHU HWHY[HYSVZ KLS WVKLY V KLS THULQV KLS WHY[PKV ( WLZHY KL LSSV SH PKLH KL X\L SVZ JP\KHKHUVZ [LUNHU SH WVZPIPSPKHK KL WYLTPHY ` JHZ[PNHY UV Z}SV LU TVTLU[VZ KL LSLJJPVULZ ` YLZWLJ[V H WVSx[PJHZ JVUJYL[HZ LZ \UH TLKPKH WVZPISL H\UX\L KPMxJPS KL WVULY LU WYmJ[PJH ,U YLZ\TLU OV` ZHILTVZ X\L \U WHY[PKV NVaHYm KL TH`VYLZ UP]LSLZ KL KLTVJYHJPH PU[LYUH cuando sus lรญderes y candidatos se elijan por los miembros, a travรฉs de mecanismos competitivos; en donde las decisiones sean inclusivas y sean tomadas con la participaciรณn voluntaria de sus miembros; los รณrganos de gobierno no discriminen la integraciรณn de los diferentes grupos (incluso aquellos que son minoritarios); aquellos que piensen distinto puedan expresar sus preferencias sin temor a ser castigados; los candidatos, cargos pรบblicos y autoridades rinden cuentas de sus actos a travรฉs de mecanismos de control efectivo y se dรฉ el respeto de una serie de derechos y responsabilidades que garanticen la igualdad de los miembros en cualquier proceso de toma de decisiones. <U WHY[PKV KLTVJYm[PJV ZLYm HX\LS X\L PU[LYUHTLU[L HJLW[L ` LQLYaH LS WS\YHSPZTV MH]VYLJPLUKV SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL SVZ TPLTIYVZ LU JHKH WYVJLZV ` NHYHU[PaHUKV X\L SH OL[LYVKV_PH KLS WHY[PKV UV ZLH JHZ[PNHKH JVU SH LSPTPUHJP}U V SH ZLWHYHJP}U WVY THUPMLZ[HY Z\Z KLZJVU[LU[VZ +LTVJYH[PaHY LZ [HU[V MHJPSP[HY SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL [VKVZ SVZ HJ[VYLZ WHY[PKPZ[HZ V \U Uย TLYV PTWVY[HU[L KL LSSVZ JVTV WYV[LNLY H SVZ X\L WPLUZHU KPZ[PU[V

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10

Nร MERO 1 / PRIMER SEMESTRE 2006


DEMOCRACIA INTERNA: RETO INELUDIBLE DE LOS PARTIDOS POLÍTICOS

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NÚMERO 1 / PRIMER SEMESTRE 2006

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Flavia Freidenberg

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DEMOCRACIA INTERNA: RETO INELUDIBLE DE LOS PARTIDOS POLร TICOS

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Nร MERO 1 / PRIMER SEMESTRE 2006

13


Flavia Freidenberg

TPSP[HU[LZ ZPUV WVY SHZ WYLMLYLUJPHZ KLS LSLJ[VYHKV LU NLULYHS ,U [LYJLY S\NHY LZ[H WYmJ[PJH OHJL X\L LS JHUKPKH[V ZL JVSVX\L WVY LUJPTH KL SH VYNHUPaHJP}U `H X\L ZL I\ZJH Z\ SLNP[PTHJP}U M\LYH KL LSSH SV X\L WV[LUJPH LS WLYZVUHSPZTV ` SVZ SPKLYHaNVZ KLS [PWV ยธV\[ZPKLYZยน Extensiรณn de los procesos eleccionarios para todos los cargos de elecciรณn popular, en todos los niveles institucionales ,Z M\UKHTLU[HS L_[LUKLY SVZ WYVJLZVZ WHY[PJPWH[P]VZ ` [YHUZWHYLU[LZ H [VKVZ SVZ UP]LSLZ PUZ[P[\JPVUHSLZ KLS WHY[PKV 3HZ SPZ[HZ KL JHUKPKH[VZ KLILYxHU MVYTHYZL H WHY[PY KL WYVJLZVZ KLS [PWV ยธ[VW KV^Uยน KL HIHQV OHJPH HYYPIH WHYH NHYHU[PaHY X\L SVZ TPSP[HU[LZ WHY[PJPWHU LU KPJOV WYVJLZV ,ZVZ WYVJLKPTPLU[VZ KLILU L_[LUKLYZL WVY [VKV LS WHxZ ` UV Z}SV LU SH JHWP[HS V SHZ JP\KHKLZ TmZ PTWVY[HU[LZ (KLTmZ SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVKYxHU JVU[HY JVU J\V[HZ KL WHY[PJPWHJP}U WHYH YLWYLZLU[HY SHZ \UPKHKLZ NLVNYmร JHZ KLU[YV KLS WHY[PKV ,Z[HZ PUZ[HUJPHZ KLILYxHU ZLY LZWHJPVZ X\L J\TWSHU JVU M\UJPVULZ JVTV SH KL YLJS\[HTPLU[V KL U\L]VZ NY\WVZ KL TPLTIYVZ HS WHY[PKV" YLJVSLJJP}U KL KLTHUKHZ JP\KHKHUHZ SVJHSLZ" LSHIVYHJP}U KL WYVW\LZ[HZ WYVNYHTm[PJHZ" PU[YVK\JJP}U KL U\L]HZ LZ[YH[LNPHZ TLKPm[PJHZ ` KL JVT\UPJHJP}U WVSx[PJH LU[YL V[YHZ Mecanismos de acciรณn a๏ฌ rmativa. 3VZ WHY[PKVZ KLILYxHU PU[YVK\JPY LU Z\Z ,Z[H[\[VZ TLJHUPZTVZ KL ยธHJJP}U Hร YTH[P]Hยน J\V[HZ WHYH MVTLU[HY SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL SHZ T\QLYLZ SVZ Q}]LULZ ` SHZ TPUVYxHZ t[UPJV J\S[\YHSLZ LU SHZ SPZ[HZ KL JHUKPKH[VZ ` LU SVZ }YNHUVZ KL NVIPLYUV KLS WHY[PKV ;HTIPtU KLILYxHU LTWSLHY SH M}YT\SH KL YLWYLZLU[HJP}U WYVWVYJPVUHS LU SH JVUMVYTHJP}U KL KPJOVZ }YNHUVZ JVTV \UH THULYH KL NHYHU[PaHY SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL SHZ JVYYPLU[LZ TPUVYP[HYPHZ LU SH KPYLJJP}U WHY[PKPZ[H Introducciรณn de mecanismos de control interno (O๏ฌ cina del Defensor del Militante; expulsiรณn de candidatos y autoridades que no cumplan directrices del partido; elecciones competitivas para elegir autoridades). 3VZ WHY[PKVZ KLILYxHU PUJVYWVYHY TLJHUPZTVZ X\L WLYTP[HU H SVZ TPSP[HU[LZ LZ[HY TmZ PUMVYTHKVZ KL SV X\L VJ\YYL LU LS WHY[PKV HZx JVTV [HTIPtU NLULYHY PUZ[Y\TLU[VZ X\L H`\KLU H WVULY LU WYmJ[PJH SH YLUKPJP}U KL J\LU[HZ WVY WHY[L KL SHZ H\[VYPKHKLZ ` JHUKPKH[VZ ,ZVZ TLJHUPZTVZ KLILU JVU[LTWSHY SH WVZPIPSPKHK KL X\L SVZ TPSP[HU[LZ W\LKHU L_PNPYSLZ L_WSPJHJPVULZ H SHZ H\[VYPKHKLZ WHY[PKPZ[HZ J\HUKV Z\Z KLJPZPVULZ UV ZH[PZMHJLU Z\ HJ[\HJP}U V J\HUKV UV ZVU SV Z\ร JPLU[LTLU[L WHY[PJPWH[P]VZ LU SH KLร UPJP}U KL Z\Z WVSx[PJHZ ` Z\Z WYVW\LZ[HZ Renovaciรณn de los cargos de direcciรณn y de control polรญtico por medio de procedimientos competitivos. ( ร U KL HZLN\YHY X\L OH`H WS\YHSPZTV LS WHY[PKV HSN\UVZ ,Z[H[\[VZ LZ[HISLJLU SH WYVOPIPJP}U KL SH YLLSLJJP}U KL SHZ H\[VYPKHKLZ KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ 6[YVZ ZL|HSHU X\L WHYH NHYHU[PaHY SH Lร JPLUJPH KLIL KmYZLSL SH WVZPIPSPKHK KL WLYTHULJLY LU LS JHYNV H SVZ LMLJ[VZ KL ZLY JHZ[PNHKV V YLJVTWLUZHKV LU M\UJP}U KL SH NLZ[P}U X\L YLHSPJL LU LS WYPTLY WLYxVKV Incentivos que reduzcan el patrimonialismo. 6[YH WYVW\LZ[H LZ X\L SH SL` LZ[HISLaJH YLZ[YPJJPVULZ HS WH[YPTVUPHSPZTV WVUPLUKV SPTP[HJPVULZ H SH KPZ[YPI\JP}U KPZJYLJPVUHS KL W\LZ[VZ ` JHUKPKH[\YHZ H MHTPSPHYLZ KL SVZ KPYPNLU[LZ KL TH`VY QLYHYX\xH +L LZ[L TVKV JVU[YPI\PYxH H YHJPVUHSPaHY SH LSLJJP}U KL SVZ KPYPNLU[LZ ` JVTIH[PYxH KL \UH THULYH KPYLJ[H SH WVSx[PJH PUMVYTHS Modernizaciรณn de los procedimientos. Circulaciรณn de la informaciรณn. Informatizaciรณn de la

14

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DEMOCRACIA INTERNA: RETO INELUDIBLE DE LOS PARTIDOS POLร TICOS

informaciรณn. 3VZ WHY[PKVZ KLILU PUJVYWVYHY TLJHUPZTVZ X\L WLYTP[HU H SVZ TPSP[HU[LZ LZ[HY TmZ PUMVYTHKVZ KL SV X\L VJ\YYL LU LS WHY[PKV 9LZ\S[H M\UKHTLU[HS X\L SH YLHSPaHJP}U KL J\HSX\PLY WYVJLZV LSLJ[VYHS `H ZLH KL JHUKPKH[VZ V H\[VYPKHKLZ LZ[t HJVTWH|HKV WVY \UH JVYYLJ[H PUMVYTH[PaHJP}U KL SH TLTIYLZxH ` WVY WHKYVULZ HJ[\HSPaHKVZ KL THULYH X\L UV ZL PUร L LS J\LYWV LSLJ[VYHS PU[LYUV ` KL X\L ZL NHYHU[PJL SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL [VKVZ HX\LSSVZ X\L X\PLYHU ZLY JHUKPKH[VZ V X\L ZPTWSLTLU[L X\PLYHU WHY[PJPWHY LU SVZ WYVJLZVZ PU[LYUVZ :L WYVWVUL SH JYLHJP}U KL NY\WVZ KL LZ[\KPV LX\PWVZ KL PU]LZ[PNHJP}U LTWSLV KL U\L]HZ [LJUVSVNxHZ ` JVUZ[Y\JJP}U KL YLKLZ KL [YHUZTPZP}U KL SH PUMVYTHJP}U LU[YL SVZ TPLTIYVZ ,S W\U[V JLU[YHS JVTV ZL|HSH LS 5+0 LZ X\L SVZ TPLTIYVZ KLS WHY[PKV [LUNHU SH JHWHJPKHK ` SH WVZPIPSPKHK KL PU]VS\JYHY H SVZ SxKLYLZ KLS WHY[PKV LU \U PU[LYJHTIPV KL PKLHZ ` LU SH [VTH KL KLJPZPVULZ :L KLILU KLZHYYVSSHY ]xHZ KL JVT\UPJHJP}U OVYPaVU[HS ` ]LY[PJHS KLU[YV KLS WHY[PKV 3VZ TPLTIYVZ KLS WHY[PKV KLILU JVU[HY JVU PUMVYTHJP}U JSHYH ` ]LYHa KL THULYH HIPLY[H ` YLN\SHY KL SH PUMVYTHJP}U ImZPJH KLS WHY[PKV Z\Z LZ[YH[LNPHZ ` WVZPJPVULZ WYVNYHTm[PJHZ ,S WHY[PKV [PLUL X\L JVUZLN\PY X\L SHZ KPMLYLU[LZ YHTHZ KLS WHY[PKV LZ[tU LU JVT\UPJHJP}U JVUZ[HU[L X\L ZL ยธJVU]LYZLUยน SHZ WVSx[PJHZ KLS WHY[PKV JVU SVZ TPLTIYVZ KL LZHZ YHTHZ T\QLYLZ Q}]LULZ HZx JVTV [HTIPtU SHZ HJ[P]PKHKLZ X\L KLZHYYVSSHU . Capacitaciรณn de los miembros. ;HTIPtU LZ M\UKHTLU[HS SH JHWHJP[HJP}U KL SVZ TPLTIYVZ KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ LU U\L]HZ KLZ[YLaHZ WHYH LUMYLU[HY SVZ KLZHMxVZ WHY[PKPZ[HZ ` KL Z\ LU[VYUV ,Z[V [PLUL X\L ]LY JVU SH ULJLZPKHK KL WYVMLZPVUHSPaHJP}U ` HKLJ\HJP}U H SVZ U\L]VZ YL[VZ X\L Z\WVUL SH JVT\UPJHJP}U WVSx[PJH SVZ JHTIPVZ LU LS \ZV KL SHZ U\L]HZ [LJUVSVNxHZ HWSPJHKHZ H SH PUMVYTHJP}U ` SH JVT\UPJHJP}U ` SH YLPUNLUPLYxH LSLJ[VYHS

V. ยฟCUร LES

SON LOS RETOS Y DESAFร OS A LOS QUE SE ENFRENTAN LOS

PARTIDOS POLร TICOS DE INTERNA?

AMร RICA LATINA

RESPECTO A LA DEMOCRACIA

,S JHTPUV OHJPH SH KLTVJYH[PaHJP}U PU[LYUH UV LZ[m L_LU[V KL KPร J\S[HKLZ /H` \UH ZLYPL KL J\LZ[PVULZ PTWVY[HU[LZ X\L KLILU JVUZPKLYHYZL [VKH ]La X\L W\LKLU TPUHY J\HSX\PLY WYVJLZV KL JHTIPV Los polรญticos deben querer la reforma (deben querer modernizar sus partidos) ,Z T\` KPMxJPS X\L SVZ WVSx[PJVZ YLMVYTLU Z\Z VYNHUPaHJPVULZ ZPU PUJLU[P]VZ JSHYVZ ` ZPU LZ[HY JVU]LUJPKVZ KL SH ULJLZPKHK KL SVZ JHTIPVZ X\L ZL KLILU YLHSPaHY *VTV ZL|HSHIH \U HY[xJ\SV KL VWPUP}U LU \U WLYP}KPJV LZWH|VS LU Q\SPV KL ! ]H`H \Z[LK H \U WHY[PKV ` WYVWVUNH YLMVYTHZ ยธ3L HU[PJPWV SH YLHJJP}U! V IPLU \UH ZVUYPZH H\[VJVTWSHJPLU[L KL PUKPMLYLUJPH HU[L SV L_}[PJV V

Nร MERO 1 / PRIMER SEMESTRE 2006

15


Flavia Freidenberg

IPLU \U YPJ[\Z KL H\[VKLMLUZH HU[L SV HIZ\YKV¹ ,MLJ[P]HTLU[L J\HSX\PLY JHTIPV YLX\PLYL KLS JVU]LUJPTPLU[V KL SVZ WVSx[PJVZ JVU LZHZ YLMVYTHZ :PU LZL HWV`V SVZ JHTIPVZ X\LKHYmU LU SH SL[YH JOPJH KL SVZ LZ[H[\[VZ ` YLNSHTLU[VZ :}SV J\HUKV SVZ WVSx[PJVZ WLYJPIHU X\L LS OLJOV KL [LULY VYNHUPaHJPVULZ KLTVJYm[PJHZ ` WHY[PJPWH[P]HZ YLZ\S[H ILULÄJPVZV LU [tYTPUVZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ ZL JVU]LY[PYmU LU SVZ WYPUJPWHSLZ PTW\SZVYLZ KL SHZ WVSx[PJHZ KL TVKLYUPaHJP}U PU[LYUH ,Z[V [PLUL X\L ]LY JVU quién hace la reforma, cómo lo hace y bajo que marco político. ;VKVZ ZHILTVZ X\L SHZ YLNSHZ KL Q\LNV ZVU KPZL|HKHZ L PTWSLTLU[HKHZ KLZKL SVZ WYVWPVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ ` X\L ZVU SVZ WVSx[PJVZ SVZ X\L LZ[HISLJLU LZHZ YLNSHZ 7VZPISLTLU[L HSN\UV X\LYYm X\L SHZ YLNSHZ X\L ZL HKVW[LU ILULÄJPLU H Z\ VYNHUPaHJP}U WVSx[PJH WVY LUJPTH KL SHZ V[YHZ 6 W\LKL X\L [VKVZ X\PLYHU LZV 3H J\LZ[P}U LZ X\L OHIYm HSN\UHZ YLNSHZ X\L UV N\Z[HYmU H T\JOVZ WLYV X\L ZVU ULJLZHYPHZ WHYH TLQVYHY LS M\UJPVUHTPLU[V KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ KL JHYH H SH KLTVJYHJPH Los sistemas políticos deben aprobar arreglos institucionales que contribuyan (e incluso obliguen) a los partidos para que funcionen democráticamente. Si el impulso no viene de fuera de los partidos, es posible que no haya cambio. ,S YtNPTLU LSLJ[VYHS KLIL LZ[HISLJLY SH THULYH LU X\L SVZ WHY[PKVZ KLILU VYNHUPaHYZL `H ZLH LU YLSHJP}U H Z\ LZ[Y\J[\YH Z\ ÄUHUJPHTPLU[V Z\ HJJLZV H SVZ TLKPVZ KL JVT\UPJHJP}U KL THZHZ SVZ TLJHUPZTVZ KL LSLJJP}U KL JHUKPKH[VZ ` H\[VYPKHKLZ LS [PWV ` UP]LS KL WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL SVZ KP]LYZVZ NY\WVZ X\L PU[LNYHU LS WHY[PKV T\QLYLZ Q}]LULZ ` NY\WVZ t[UPJVZ ` LS [PWV KL WYmJ[PJHZ \[PSPaHKHZ WHYH [VTHY KLJPZPVULZ Los tribunales electorales deberían controlar la aplicación de las reformas. (S TPZTV [PLTWV X\L ZL KH LS THYJV PUZ[P[\JPVUHS WHYH NLULYHY SVZ JHTIPVZ YLZ\S[H M\UKHTLU[HS X\L SVZ [YPI\UHSLZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ L_PQHU H SVZ WHY[PKVZ X\L YLZWL[LU SHZ UVYTHZ ,S PUJ\TWSPTPLU[V KL SHZ TPZTHZ KLILYxH PTWVZPIPSP[HY SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U LU SVZ JVTPJPVZ 7VY LQLTWSV HX\LS WHY[PKV X\L UV YLZWL[HZL SH J\V[H LU SH JVUMVYTHJP}U KL SHZ SPZ[HZ KL JHUKPKH[VZ" X\L UV LTWSLHYH LSLJJPVULZ PU[LYUHZ JLYYHKHZ V X\L UV PUZ[P[\JPVUHSPJL TLJHUPZTVZ KL JVU[YVS PU[LYUVZ" KLILYxH ZLY WLUHSPaHKV JVU SH WYVOPIPJP}U KL WHY[PJPWHY LU SHZ LSLJJPVULZ ,Z[V [PLUL X\L ]LY JVU SH necesidad de generar un equilibrio entre el grado de autonomía partidista y el papel de las instituciones del Estado en el control del funcionamiento partidista <U L_JLZV KL JVU[YVS KLS ,Z[HKV ZVIYL SVZ WHY[PKVZ Z\WVUKYxH \UH WtYKPKH KL H\[VUVTxH KL LZ[VZ WHYH [VTHY Z\Z KLJPZPVULZ H‚U J\HUKV M\LYH LU UVTIYL KL SVZ KLYLJOVZ KL SVZ HÄSPHKVZ V KL NY\WVZ PU[LYUVZ La opinión pública debería castigar en las urnas a aquellos partidos que no se comporten democráticamente. @ UV HS JVU[YHYPV 3H PUJS\ZP}U KL LSLJJPVULZ UV OH HZLN\YHKV LS t_P[V LSLJ[VYHS KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ SH[PUVHTLYPJHUVZ :P ZL JVUZPKLYHU SVZ JLYJH KL WYVJLZVZ LSLJJPVUHYPVZ YLNPZ[YHKVZ LU LS

(UKYtZ KL -YHUJPZJV ¸¦+LTVJYHJPH KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ& :P WLYV LU ZLYPV¹ ,S 7HxZ LZ ¶ 6WPUP}U ¶

16

NÚMERO 1 / PRIMER SEMESTRE 2006


DEMOCRACIA INTERNA: RETO INELUDIBLE DE LOS PARTIDOS POLร TICOS

WLYxVKV WVZ[YHUZPJP}U LU SVZ X\L ZL \[PSPa} LZ[L TLJHUPZTV" Z}SV OHU ZPKV L_P[VZVZ 3VZ YLZ\S[HKVZ T\LZ[YHU J}TV ZL THU[PLUL SH WHYHKVQH YLZWLJ[V H SH YLSHJP}U JVUร PJ[P]H LU[YL t_P[V LSLJ[VYHS ` KLTVJYHJPH PU[LYUH 7VY [HU[V UV ZL W\LKL LZWLYHY X\L LS TLYV OLJOV KL OHJLY PU[LYUHZ NHYHU[PJL V TLQVYL SHZ WVZPIPSPKHKLZ KL t_P[V LSLJ[VYHS (KLTmZ WHY[PKVZ KPZJPWSPUHKVZ YxNPKHTLU[L JLU[YHSPaHKVZ ` HS[HTLU[L JVOLZPVUHKVZ SSLNHU H [LULY TLQVYLZ YLZ\S[HKVZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ X\L V[YVZ X\L UV SV ZVU ,Z[V ZPNUPร JH X\L SH KLTVJYH[PaHJP}U PU[LYUH W\LKL [LULY PTWHJ[VZ ULNH[P]VZ ZVIYL LS t_P[V LSLJ[VYHS ` NLULYHY WVJVZ PUJLU[P]VZ H SVZ WVSx[PJVZ WHYH X\L HJLW[LU SVZ WYVJLZVZ KL JHTIPV -PUHSTLU[L hay que evitar la tendencia a ver a los partidos desde un punto de vista meramente formal TPUPTPaHUKV SH PTWVY[HUJPH KL SHZ YLSHJPVULZ ZVJPHSLZ ` WYmJ[PJHZ WVSx[PJHZ ยธYLHSLZยน WYLZLU[LZ LU SHZ VYNHUPaHJPVULZ /H` TLJHUPZTVZ WYVJLKPTPLU[VZ ` YLNSHZ UV LZJYP[HZ YLKLZ WLYZVUHSLZ KL JHYmJ[LY H\[}UVTV ` YLJ\YZVZ UV LZ[YPJ[HTLU[L WHY[PKPZ[HZ X\L H`\KHU H X\L SVZ WHY[PKVZ HSJHUJLU Z\Z TL[HZ ` [LUNHU \UH JVUL_P}U M\LY[L JVU LS LSLJ[VYHKV /H` WHY[PKVZ X\L J\LU[HU KL THULYH WYLKVTPUHU[L JVU YLNSHZ LZ[Y\J[\YHZ ` V WYVJLKPTPLU[VZ PUMVYTHSLZ @ LZ[V JVUKPJPVUH J\HSX\PLY WYVJLZV KL KLTVJYH[PaHJP}U PU[LYUH ZVIYL [VKV ZP \UV UV SVZ ]L ,S M\[\YV KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ WVZPISLTLU[L LZ[t HZVJPHKV H \UH TH`VY [YHUZWHYLUJPH KL Z\Z NLZ[PVULZ" WYVMLZPVUHSPaHJP}U KL SVZ WVSx[PJVZ ` MVY[HSLJPTPLU[V KL SVZ TLJHUPZTVZ KL ร ZJHSPaHJP}U KL Z\Z HJ[P]PKHKLZ ,Z[V Z\WVUL ULJLZHYPHTLU[L YLK\JPY SHZ ]LU[HQHZ KL HX\LSSVZ X\L ]P]LU KL SH WVSx[PJH WYVTV]LY SH JVTWL[LUJPH PU[LYUH NLULYHY \U YLJS\[HTPLU[V TmZ HIPLY[V HZx JVTV \UH TH`VY HKLJ\HJP}U LU[YL SHZ YLNSHZ MVYTHSLZ L PUMVYTHSLZ 7HY[PKVZ TmZ KLTVJYm[PJVZ KLILYxHU Z\WVULY TH`VY Uย TLYV KL ]V[HU[LZ ` Hร SPHKVZ HS WHY[PKV" TH`VY Uย TLYV KL YLJ\YZVZ O\THUVZ ` ร UHUJPLYVZ WHYH SHZ HJ[P]PKHKLZ KLS WHY[PKV" TH`VY SLNP[PTPKHK MYLU[L HS WV[LUJPHS LSLJ[VYHKV" LSHIVYHJP}U KL WVSx[PJHZ TmZ PUMVYTHKHZ @ ร UHSTLU[L TH`VY JVUร HUaH WVY WHY[L KL SVZ JP\KHKHUVZ :PU [VKV LSSV ZLYm T\` KPMxJPS Z\WLYHY SH 3L` KL /PLYYV KL SH 6SPNHYX\xH

Nร MERO 1 / PRIMER SEMESTRE 2006

17


Flavia Freidenberg

TABLA 1: DEMOCRACIA INTERNA EN EL RÉGIMEN ELECTORAL DE AMÉRICA LATINA

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18

NÚMERO 1 / PRIMER SEMESTRE 2006


DEMOCRACIA INTERNA: RETO INELUDIBLE DE LOS PARTIDOS POLÍTICOS

TABLA 2: SELECCIÓN DE CANDIDATOS PRESIDENCIALES EN AMÉRICA LATINA (AÑO DE REALIZACIÓN)

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19



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NÚMERO 1 / PRIMER SEMESTRE 2006

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Luis Antonio Sobrado González

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24

NÚMERO 1 / PRIMER SEMESTRE 2006


LAS ALIANZAS ELECTORALES EN LA PERSPECTIVA JURร DICA COSTARRICENSE.

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Luis Antonio Sobrado González

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LAS ALIANZAS ELECTORALES EN LA PERSPECTIVA JURร DICA COSTARRICENSE.

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Luis Antonio Sobrado González

HJVYKHKHZ LU LS WHJ[V KL JVHSPJP}U ` WYL]PH KL[LYTPUHJP}U KL SVZ JHUKPKH[VZ H SV PU[LYUV KL JHKH TPLTIYV KL SH HSPHUaH ZLN‚U SHZ YLN\SHJPVULZ LZ[PW\SHKHZ LU LS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ` LU Z\ LZ[H[\[V WHY[PJ\SHY *VTV W\LKL JVSLNPYZL KL SV L_W\LZ[V U\LZ[YV VYKLUHTPLU[V UV JVU[LTWSH YLX\PZP[VZ L_JLZP]VZ UP [YmTP[LZ LUNVYYVZVZ WHYH OHJLY ]PHISL SH HSPHUaH LSLJ[VYHS LU[YL WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ" PUJS\ZV OLTVZ ]PZ[V J}TV SH Q\YPZWY\KLUJPH LSLJ[VYHS OH Ã…L_PIPSPaHKV SH JVHSPJP}U LU[YL HNY\WHJPVULZ PUZJYP[HZ LU KP]LYZH LZJHSH ,S ;YPI\UHS OH LZ[PTHKV X\L ZL [YH[H KL \UH YLN\SHJP}U M\UJPVUHS X\L UV KLZHSPLU[H LS UVYTHS HJHLJPTPLU[V KL LZL MLU}TLUV WVSx[PJV WVY SV J\HS Z\ WYV`LJ[V KL *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS WYLZLU[HKV H JVUZPKLYHJP}U KL SH (ZHTISLH 3LNPZSH[P]H H WYPUJPWPVZ KLS UV WYVWVUL JHTIPVZ ZPNUPÄJH[P]VZ HS YLZWLJ[V ,U LS [YmTP[L SLNPZSH[P]V X\L OH YLJPIPKV KPJOH PUPJPH[P]H [HTWVJV ZL OHU Z\NLYPKV JHTIPVZ KL LZH UH[\YHSLaH +L HOx X\L SH WVJH PUJPKLUJPH X\L JVTV MLU}TLUV WVSx[PJV OH [LUPKV LZ[H ÄN\YH Q\YxKPJH H\UX\L JVU NYHU t_P[V LU SHZ LSLJJPVULZ KL ` X\L SSL]HYVU H SH 7YLZPKLUJPH KL SH 9LW‚ISPJH H JHUKPKH[VZ KL JVHSPJP}U JVTWHYHKV JVU Z\ JVTWVY[HTPLU[V LU V[YVZ WHxZLZ SH[PUVHTLYPJHUVZ WHYLJPLYH X\L VILKLJL H MHJ[VYLZ HQLUVZ H SH [tJUPJH Q\YxKPJH LTWSLHKH WVY U\LZ[YV SLNPZSHKVY ` X\L H]LU[\YmUKVTL LU \U JHTWV LU LS X\L UV ZV` LZWLJPHSPZ[H WHYLJPLYH YLSHJPVUHYZL ¶H\UX\L ZLH LU WHY[Lë JVU HZWLJ[VZ WYVWPVZ KL U\LZ[YH J\S[\YH WVSx[PJH L PKPVZPUJYHZPH UHJPVUHS

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NÚMERO 1 / PRIMER SEMESTRE 2006


RECURSO DE AMPARO ELECTORAL Luis Diego Brenes Villalobos* KIYLULZ'[ZL NV JY Juan Luis Rivera Sánchez** QSYP]LYH'[ZL NV JY

Nota del Consejo Editorial Recepción! (NVZ[V Revisión, corrección y aprobación! 6J[\IYL Resumen: (UHSPaH SH ÄN\YH WYVJLZHS KLS YLJ\YZV KL HTWHYV LSLJ[VYHS Z\ NtULZPZ UH[\YHSLaH Q\YxKPJH JHYmJ[LY YLZPK\HS ` V[YHZ JHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZ WYVWPHZ KL Z\ L]VS\JP}U ` KLZHYYVSSV X\L SV KPMLYLUJPHU JVU LS YLJ\YZV JVU[LUJPVZV LSLJ[VYHS WHYH SV J\HS ZL YLHSPaH \U HTWSPV HUmSPZPZ KL SH Q\YPZWY\KLUJPH LTHUHKH [HU[V KLS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ JVTV KL SH :HSH *VUZ[P[\JPVUHS KL SH *VY[L :\WYLTH KL 1\Z[PJPH Palabras claves: (TWHYV ,SLJ[VYHS 9LJ\YZV KL (TWHYV ,SLJ[VYHS *VTWL[LUJPH 1\YPZKPJJPVUHS ,SLJ[VYHS 1\YPZKPJJP}U ,SLJ[VYHS *VUÅPJ[V KL *VTWL[LUJPHZ 1\YPZWY\KLUJPH ,SLJ[VYHS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ :HSH *VUZ[P[\JPVUHS +LYLJOVZ -\UKHTLU[HSLZ +LYLJOV ,SLJ[VYHS Abstract: ;OL HY[PJSL HUHS`aLZ [OL WYVJLK\YHS ÄN\YL VM ^YP[Z VM WYV[LJ[PVU PU LSLJ[VYHS TH[[LY P[Z NLULZPZ Q\YPKPJHS UH[\YL YLZPK\HS JOHYHJ[LY HUK V[OLY WYVWLY JOHYHJ[LYPZ[PJZ VM P[Z L]VS\[PVU HUK KL]LSVWTLU[ ^OPJO KPMMLYLU[PH[L P[ ^P[O [OL ¸JVU[LU[PV\Z LSLJ[VYHS¹ ;OLYL PZ H ^PKL HUHS`ZPZ VM [OL JHZL SH^ MYVT [OL ,SLJ[VYHS :\WYLTL ;YPI\UHS HZ VM [OL *VUZ[P[\[PVUHS *OHTILY VM [OL :\WYLTL *V\Y[ VM 1\Z[PJL Key Words: >YP[Z VM 7YV[LJ[PVU PU ,SLJ[VYHS 4H[[LY 1\YPZKPJ[PVUHS ,SLJ[VYHS *VTWL[P[PVU ,SLJ[VYHS 1\YPZKPJ[PVU *VUÅPJ[ VM *VTWL[LUJLZ ,SLJ[VYHS *HZL 3H^ ,SLJ[VYHS :\WYLTL ;YPI\UHS *VUZ[P[\[PVUHS *OHTILY -\UKHTLU[HS 9PNO[Z ,SLJ[VYHS 3H^

3L[YHKV KLS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ 4mZ[LY LU +LYLJOV *VUZ[P[\JPVUHS WVY SH <UP]LYZPKHK ,Z[H[HS +PZ[HUJPH 3PJLUJPHKV LU +LYLJOV WVY SH <UP]LYZPKHK KL *VZ[H 9PJH 7YVMLZVY KL SH *m[LKYH KL +LYLJOV ,SLJ[VYHS LU SH 4HLZ[YxH KL +LYLJOV *VUZ[P[\JPVUHS KL SH <UP]LYZPKHK ,Z[H[HS H +PZ[HUJPH 3L[YHKV KLS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ 3PJLUJPHKV LU +LYLJOV WVY SH <UP]LYZPKHK -LKLYHKH KL *VZ[H 9PJH ,Z[\KPHU[L KL SH 4HLZ[YxH KL +LYLJOV *VUZ[P[\JPVUHS KL SH <UP]LYZPKHK ,Z[H[HS H +PZ[HUJPH

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Luis Diego Brenes Villalobos Juan Luis Rivera Sánchez

Sumario: I. Introducción: *VTWL[LUJPH L_JS\ZP]H ` L_JS\`LU[L KLS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ LU TH[LYPH LSLJ[VYHS II. Recurso de amparo electoral. a).- .tULZPZ b).- 5H[\YHSLaH Q\YxKPJH ` JHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZ c).- ,]VS\JP}U ` KLZHYYVSSV d).- +PMLYLUJPHJP}U JVU YLJ\YZV JVU[LUJPVZV LSLJ[VYHS e).- *HYmJ[LY YLZPK\HS III. Corolario.

I. INTRODUCCIÓN: COMPETENCIA EXCLUSIVA Y EXCLUYENTE ELECCIONES EN MATERIA ELECTORAL.

DEL

TRIBUNAL SUPREMO

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RECURSO DE AMPARO ELECTORAL

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Luis Diego Brenes Villalobos Juan Luis Rivera Sánchez

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NÚMERO 1 / PRIMER SEMESTRE 2006

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Luis Diego Brenes Villalobos Juan Luis Rivera Sánchez

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RECURSO DE AMPARO ELECTORAL

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NÚMERO 1 / PRIMER SEMESTRE 2006

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Luis Diego Brenes Villalobos Juan Luis Rivera Sánchez

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Luis Diego Brenes Villalobos Juan Luis Rivera Sánchez

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Luis Diego Brenes Villalobos Juan Luis Rivera Sánchez

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Luis Diego Brenes Villalobos Juan Luis Rivera Sánchez

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EL PROCESO ELECTORAL* Héctor Fernández Masís** OMLYUHUKLa'[ZL NV JY

Nota del Consejo Editorial Recepción! :L[PLTIYL Revisión, corrección y aprobación! 5V]PLTIYL Resumen: 9LWHZH SHZ KPZ[PU[HZ MHZLZ KLS WYVJLZV LSLJ[VYHS SVZ [tYTPUVZ ` WSHaVZ LS WHWLS KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ HZx JVTV SH SVNxZ[PJH VYNHUPaHJPVUHS KLS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV ,SLJJPVULZ JVU SH PU[LUJP}U KL HJSHYHY LS YVS X\L KLILU KLZLTWL|HY SVZ KPMLYLU[LZ HJ[VYLZ KL LZ[L WYVJLZV [HU[V WHYH LS J\TWSPTPLU[V KL SVZ VIQL[P]VZ ` LS t_P[V KLS WYVJLZV JVTV WHYH HÄHUaHY ` YL]P[HSPaHY U\LZ[YV ZPZ[LTH KLTVJYm[PJV WYPUJPWHSTLU[L LU SH I‚ZX\LKH KL TLJHUPZTVZ ` ZVS\JPVULZ WHYH PUJLU[P]HY SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U JP\KHKHUH Palabras claves: (KTPUPZ[YHJP}U ,SLJ[VYHS 6YNHUPaHJP}U ,SLJ[VYHS 7YVJLZV ,SLJ[VYHS -\UJPVUHYPVZ ,SLJ[VYHSLZ (ZLZVYxH ,SLJ[VYHS +VJ\TLU[HJP}U ,SLJ[VYHS *HWHJP[HJP}U ,SLJ[VYHS +LSLNHKVZ ,SLJ[VYHSLZ ,SLJJPVULZ Abstract: 0[ YL]PL^Z [OL KPMMLYLU[ WOHZLZ VM LSLJ[VYHS WYVJLZZ Z\JO HZ [LYTZ YVSL VM [OL WVSP[PJHS WHY[PLZ HUK VYNHUPaH[PVUHS SVNPZ[PJZ VM [OL ,SLJ[VYHS :\WYLTL ;YPI\UHS PU VYKLY [V JSHYPM` [OL YVSS [OH[ [OL KPMMLYLU[ HJ[VYZ VM [OPZ WYVJLZZ T\Z[ WLYMVYT [V YLHJO [OL [HYNL[Z HJJVTWSPZO Z\JJLZZM\S WYVJLZZ Z[YLUN[OLUPUN HUK YL]P[HSPaPUN V\Y KLTVJYH[PJ Z`Z[LT ^P[O ZWLJPHS H[[LU[PVU PU ÄUKPUN TLJOHUPZTZ HUK ZVS\[PVUZ [V LUJV\YHNL JP[PaLU WHY[PJPWH[PVU Key works: ,SLJ[VYHS (KTPUPZ[YH[PVU ,SLJ[VYHS 6YNHUPaH[PVU ,SLJ[VYHS 7YVJLZZ ,SLJ[VYHS 6MÄJPHSZ ,SLJ[VYHS (K]PZL ,SLJ[VYHS 4H[LYPHS ,SLJ[VYHS ;YHPUPUN ,SLJ[VYHS +LSLNH[LZ ,SLJ[PVUZ

7VULUJPH LU LS THYJV KLS ¸ LY ;HSSLY KL 5VYTH[P]H ` 1\YPZWY\KLUJPH ,SLJ[VYHS WHYH 7HY[PKV 7VSx[PJVZ¹ YLHSPaHKV WVY LS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ HIYPS *VVYKPUHKVY KL 7YVNYHTHZ ,SLJ[VYHSLZ KLS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ 3PJLUJPHKV LU +LYLJOV WVY SH <UP]LYZPKHK KL *VZ[H 9PJH ,ZWLJPHSPZ[H LU +LYLJOV 7‚ISPJV WVY SH <UP]LYZPKHK KL *VZ[H 9PJH ,NYLZHKV KLS +VJ[VYHKV KL +LYLJOV 7‚ISPJV WVY SH <UP]LYZPKHK 3PIYL KL +LYLJOV

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Hรฉctor Fernรกndez Masรญs

Sumario

INDICE PRESENTACIร N I- LOS PARTIDOS POLร TICOS Y EL SISTEMA DEMOCRร TICO COSTARRICENSE II- ADMINISTRACIร N ELECTORAL ( 6-0*05( +, *669+05(*0ร 5 +, 796.9(4(: ,3,*;69(3,:

I 7YVNYHTHZ ,SLJ[VYHSLZ

III- FASES DEL PROCESO ELECTORAL ( -(:, 79,7(9(;690( 7YVT\SNHJP}U KL SH +P]PZP}U (KTPUPZ[YH[P]H ,SLJ[VYHS 0UZJYPWJP}U KL 7HY[PKVZ 7VSx[PJVZ *VUMVYTHJP}U KLS 7HKY}U ,SLJ[VYHS KLร UP[P]V ` KPZ[YPI\JP}U KL 19= *VU]VJH[VYPH H LSLJJPVULZ 0UZJYPWJP}U KL JHUKPKH[\YHZ 5VTPUHJP}U KL TPLTIYVZ KL 1\U[HZ ,SLJ[VYHSLZ ` -PZJHSLZ 9LN\SHJP}U KL 7YVWHNHUKH 7VSx[PJH ) -(:, *65:;0;<;0=( 7YLWHYHJP}U LTWHX\L ` KPZ[YPI\JP}U KLS TH[LYPHS LSLJ[VYHS (JVUKPJPVUHTPLU[V KL YLJPU[VZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ 6IZLY]HJP}U ,SLJ[VYHS * -(:, +,*3(9(;0=( *PLYYL KL SH =V[HJP}U 9LJVSLJJP}U KL TH[LYPHS LSLJ[VYHS ,ZJY\[PUPV KLร UP[P]V KL SVZ Z\MYHNPVZ (KQ\KPJHJP}U KL WSHaHZ ` KLJSHYH[VYPH KL LSLJJP}U ,U[YLNH KL JYLKLUJPHSLZ

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EL PROCESO ELECTORAL

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Hรฉctor Fernรกndez Masรญs

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KL NVIPLYUV KLS X\L UVZ OLTVZ WYLJPHKV SVZ JVZ[HYYPJLUZLZ ` X\L ZL YLJVNL JSHYHTLU[L LU SHZ UVYTHZ WYPUJPWPVZ ` ]HSVYLZ JVUZ[P[\JPVUHSLZ ¹ 6[YV HZWLJ[V X\L WVUL JVTV YLX\PZP[V SH *VUZ[P[\JP}U WHYH SH MVYTHJP}U KL WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ LZ LS JVTWYVTPZV KL X\L Z\ LZ[Y\J[\YH PU[LYUH ` M\UJPVUHTPLU[V ZLHU KLTVJYm[PJVZ ( YHxa KL LSSV LS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ LU Z\ MHSSV , ZVZ[\]V X\L [VKH PU[LYWYL[HJP}U LU TH[LYPH LSLJ[VYHS KLIL LZ[HY WYLJLKPKH KL \UH VISPNHKH YLMLYLUJPH JVUZ[P[\JPVUHS H KVZ WYPUJPWPVZ M\UKHTLU[HSLZ 7VY \UH WHY[L LS JVUJLW[V KL SPIYL HNY\WHJP}U LU WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ JVTV \UH LZWLJPL KLS NtULYV KLS KLYLJOV H SH SPIYL HZVJPHJP}U ` WVY V[YH LS JVUJLW[V KL KLTVJYHJPH ,Z[H ULJLZPKHK KL KLTVJYH[PaHJP}U YLZ\S[H H‚U TmZ L]PKLU[L ZP ZL [VTH LU JVUZPKLYHJP}U X\L LS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS SVZ JHSPÄJH JVTV LS ‚UPJV TLKPV WHYH WHY[PJPWHY LU SHZ LSLJJPVULZ KL HOx X\L YLZ\S[L JVTWYLUZPISL SH NHYHU[xH WYL]PZ[H LU SH SLNPZSHJP}U KL X\L J\LU[LU JVU \UH LZ[Y\J[\YH TxUPTH ZPU WLYQ\PJPV KL X\L ZL JVTWSLTLU[L ]xH LZ[H[\[HYPH YLZWL[HUKV ZPLTWYL LS TVKLSV KL VYNHUPaHJP}U KLTVJYm[PJH ,S KLYLJOV KL SVZ JP\KHKHUVZ KL HNY\WHYZL LU WHY[PKVZ LZ \U KLYLJOV KL SPILY[HK X\L VISPNH H SVZ WHY[PKVZ H LZ[PT\SHYSV LYYHKPJHUKV KL Z\ ZLUV J\HSX\PLY KLJPZP}U [LUKPLU[L H PTWVULY TLKPVZ KPZ\HZP]VZ V PUKPYLJ[VZ X\L W\KPLYLU JH\ZHY \U LMLJ[V JVU[YHYPV 3H WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL HKOLYLU[LZ LZ M\UKHTLU[HS WHYH LS LQLYJPJPV KLTVJYm[PJV L PTWPKL H SH ]La SH VSPNHYX\PaHJP}U JHKH ]La TmZ LU KLZ\ZV X\L WYVJ\YH THU[LULY JVUJLU[YHKV LS JVU[YVS ` LS WVKLY KL KLJPZP}U LU SH J‚W\SH KLS WHY[PKV +HKH SH PUJPKLUJPH X\L KLZKL Z\Z IHZLZ [PLULU SVZ WHY[PKVZ LU SH WYV]PZP}U LSLJJP}U ` KLJPZPVULZ KL SVZ NVILYUHU[LZ LZ JVUUH[\YHS H Z\ JVUJLWJP}U LS X\L ZL JVUZ[P[\`HU LU \U NHYHU[L KLS NVJL KL SVZ KLYLJOVZ ` SPILY[HKLZ WVSx[PJHZ M\UKHTLU[HSLZ X\L ZL THUPÄLZ[H H [YH]tZ KLS KLYLJOV H LSLNPY ` ZLY LSLJ[V ,U JVUJVYKHUJPH JVU SV HU[LYPVY LS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV ,SLJJPVULZ LU YLZVS\JP}U , KL SHZ VJOV OVYHZ JVU [YLPU[H ` JPUJV TPU\[VZ KLS ]LPU[PJ\H[YV KL Q\SPV KLS KVZ TPS \UV LZ[HISLJP} H [LUVY KLS HY[xJ\SV KL SH *VUZ[P[\JP}U 7VSx[PJH X\L YLZ\S[H PUHJLW[HISL LS UVTIYHTPLU[V ]P[HSPJPV KL SVZ KLSLNHKVZ H SHZ KPZ[PU[HZ HZHTISLHZ KLS WHY[PKV WVYX\L SH HS[LYUHIPSPKHK ` SH YV[HJP}U LU SVZ JHYNVZ YLWYLZLU[H[P]VZ LZ \UV KL SVZ HZWLJ[VZ X\L NHYHU[PaHU SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U JP\KHKHUH LU SH JVUK\JJP}U KL SH WVSx[PJH WHY[PKPZ[H ` UHJPVUHS 3VZ UVTIYHTPLU[VZ ]P[HSPJPVZ ]PVSHU LS WYPUJPWPV KLTVJYm[PJV LU[YL V[YHZ YHaVULZ WVYX\L WLYWL[‚HU SHZ JVUJLU[YHJPVULZ LSP[PZ[HZ KLS WVKLY ` SL YLZ[HU H SHZ U\L]HZ NLULYHJPVULZ SH WVZPIPSPKHK KL X\L WVY TLKPV KL Z\ WHY[PJPWHJP}U KLTVJYm[PJH W\LKHU HWVY[HY ZVS\JPVULZ TmZ HKLJ\HKHZ H SH tWVJH ` H SVZ ]HSVYLZ WVSx[PJVZ ZVJPHSLZ ` LJVU}TPJVZ ]PNLU[LZ 5V LZ ]mSPKV X\L SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ VTP[HU LU Z\Z LZ[H[\[VZ LS WSHaV ` WYVJLKPTPLU[V WHYH SH YLUV]HJP}U KL Z\Z KLSLNHKVZ 5V WVKYxH LU[LUKLYZL X\L SHZ KLZPNUHJPVULZ OLJOHZ [LUNHU JHYmJ[LY ]P[HSPJPV *VUZPKLY} LS ;YPI\UHS X\L SH YLUV]HJP}U KL SHZ LZ[Y\J[\YHZ WHY[PKHYPHZ ` LU JVUJYL[V LS UVTIYHTPLU[V KL SVZ KLSLNHKVZ KLIL YLZWVUKLY HS WSHaV Tm_PTV KL J\H[YV H|VZ X\L THYJH LS JPJSV LSLJ[VYHS JVZ[HYYPJLUZL WSHaV KLU[YV KLS X\L KL JVUMVYTPKHK JVU LS WYPUJPWPV KL YHaVUHIPSPKHK KLTVJYm[PJH LS WHY[PKV W\LKL KPZWVULY SV X\L H Z\ Q\PJPV ZH[PZMHNH SVZ PU[LYLZLZ KL Z\ LZ[Y\J[\YH WVSx[PJH ` LS PU[LYtZ KL Z\Z WHY[PKHYPVZ ,S H\[VY 9\ItU AHTVYH ¶¸+PJJPVUHYPV ,SLJ[VYHS¹ ¸7HY[PKVJYHJPH¹ THUPÄLZ[H X\L SH PKLH KL KLTVJYHJPH ` Z\Z PUPJPHSLZ W\LZ[H LU WYmJ[PJH ZL \IPJHU JVU HU[LYPVYPKHK HS HWHYLJPTPLU[V KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ 3HZ WYPTLYHZ L_WLYPLUJPHZ KL YLNxTLULZ KLTVJYm[PJVZ LU SH .YLJPH

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Héctor Fernández Masís

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.LULYHSPaHY SH VISPNH[VYPLKHK KL SHZ LSLJJPVULZ WYPTHYPHZ LU SVZ [YLZ UP]LSLZ WHYH [VKVZ SVZ WHY[PKVZ UHJPVUHSLZ WYV]PUJPHSLZ V JHU[VUHSLZ JVU WHY[PJPWHJP}U KLS ;:, WVY TLKPV KL KLSLNHKVZ +LZISVX\LHY SHZ SPZ[HZ WHYH KPW\[HKVZ ` T\UxJPWLZ 6ISPNHY H H\TLU[HY SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U MLTLUPUH HS LU W\LZ[VZ LSLNPISLZ WHYH KHY Q\Z[PÄJHJP}U SLNHS HS WYPUJPWPV KL PN\HSKHK YLHS KL SH T\QLY AHTVYH 9\ItU 7(9;0+6*9(*0( ,U" +0**065(906 ,3,*;69(3 :HU 1VZt * 9 ! 00+,/ =VS W

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EL PROCESO ELECTORAL

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Héctor Fernández Masís

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EL PROCESO ELECTORAL

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Héctor Fernández Masís

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EL PROCESO ELECTORAL

7VY V[YV SHKV L_PZ[LU \UH ZLYPL KL HJ[P]PKHKLZ JVUJYL[HZ KLU[YV KLS WYVJLZV X\L KLILU ZLY YLHSPaHKHZ WVY KP]LYZHZ KLWLUKLUJPHZ HKTPUPZ[YH[P]HZ JVTV ZVU SH 7YV]LLK\YxH PUZ[P[\JPVUHS LU SH HKX\PZPJP}U KL [VKVZ SVZ TH[LYPHSLZ ` SH [YHTP[HJP}U KL SHZ JVU[YH[HJPVULZ KL ZLY]PJPVZ ULJLZHYPVZ WHYH LS KLZHYYVSSV KL SHZ HJ[P]PKHKLZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ SH VÄJPUH KL 9LJ\YZVZ /\THUVZ LU SH JVU[YH[HJP}U KLS WLYZVUHS KL ZLY]PJPVZ LZWLJPHSLZ ` SH HZPNUHJP}U KL tZ[L H SVZ KPMLYLU[LZ WYVNYHTHZ LS +LWHY[HTLU[V KL ;LJUVSVNxHZ KL 0UMVYTHJP}U LU SH LSHIVYHJP}U KL WYVNYHTHZ KL J}TW\[V ` [VKV [PWV KL ZLY]PJPVZ PUMVYTm[PJVZ X\L ZVU \U PUZ\TV PUKPZWLUZHISL WHYH LS KLZHYYVSSV KL SH TH`VYxH KL SVZ WYVNYHTHZ ` WVY Z\W\LZ[V SH +PYLJJP}U .LULYHS KLS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS LU SH JVUMVYTHJP}U KL SHZ SPZ[HZ KLÄUP[P]HZ KL LSLJ[VYLZ PUZJYPWJP}U KL WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ ` KLTmZ M\UJPVULZ LUJVTLUKHKHZ WVY SH SLNPZSHJP}U LSLJ[VYHS" ZPU LTIHYNV JVTV UV ZVU SHZ X\L \Z\HSTLU[L SSL]HU H JHIV ` KLIPKV H SVZ WSHaVZ X\L LZ[PW\SH SH SL` WHYH KLZHYYVSSHYSHZ ULJLZP[HU YLJ\YZVZ TH[LYPHSLZ ` O\THUVZ HKPJPVUHSLZ X\L KLILU ZLY WYL]PZ[VZ KLU[YV KL SH WSHUPÄJHJP}U NLULYHS KLS WYVJLZV ,U T\JOVZ JHZVZ SVZ WYVK\J[VZ KL \U WYVNYHTH V KLWLUKLUJPH PUJS\PKH LU SH WSHUPÄJHJP}U LSLJ[VYHS JVUZ[P[\`LU \U PUZ\TV ULJLZHYPV WHYH SH PTWSLTLU[HJP}U L PUPJPV KL V[YV WYVNYHTH V HJ[P]PKHK V IPLU KLILU H]HUaHY LU MVYTH WHYHSLSH V ZPT\S[mULH KLIPKHTLU[L JVVYKPUHKVZ WHYH X\L UV ZL WYVK\aJHU KLZMHZLZ WVY [HS YHa}U SH 6ÄJPUH KL *VVYKPUHJP}U KL 7YVNYHTHZ ,SLJ[VYHSLZ KLIL LMLJ[\HY \UH LZ[YLJOH SHIVY KL TVUP[VYLV ZLN\PTPLU[V ` JVU[YVS KLS H]HUJL KL SVZ KPMLYLU[LZ WYVNYHTHZ JVU LS ÄU KL WYVWVULY SVZ HQ\Z[LZ V TLKPKHZ JVYYLJ[P]HZ X\L YLZ\S[LU ULJLZHYPHZ H SVZ LMLJ[VZ KL X\L ZL HSJHUJLU SHZ TL[HZ ÄQHKHZ KLU[YV KL SVZ WSHaVZ LZ[HISLJPKVZ W\LZ PUZPZ[PTVZ SHZ LSLJJPVULZ ZVU PTWVZ[LYNHISLZ ( [LUVY KL SV HU[LYPVY WHYH JHKH WYVNYHTH ZL KLZPNUH \U LUJHYNHKV X\PLU KLIL WYLWHYHY Z\ ¸7SHU 6WLYH[P]V¹ LU LS X\L KLÄUPYmU SVZ VIQL[P]VZ TL[HZ HJ[P]PKHKLZ L PUKPJHKVYLZ JVU Z\Z YLZWLJ[P]VZ YLX\LYPTPLU[VZ SV X\L WLYTP[PYm WSHUPÄJHY LS LUNYHUHQL [V[HS KL SH VYNHUPaHJP}U KLS WYVJLZV LSLJ[VYHS HZx JVTV TLKPY Z\ H]HUJL ` SVZ YLZ\S[HKVZ X\L ZL VI[LUNHU ,Z[H MVYTH KL VYNHUPaHJP}U SL OH WLYTP[PKV H LZ[L 6YNHUPZTV ,SLJ[VYHS JVUJS\PY JVU I\LU Z\JLZV SHZ KPMLYLU[LZ L[HWHZ KLS WYVJLZV LSLJ[VYHS. ,Z ULJLZHYPV PTWSLTLU[HY \U JVVYKPUHKV [YHIHQV LU LX\PWV WHYH YLHSPaHY H [PLTWV [VKHZ SHZ SHIVYLZ PUOLYLU[LZ H SH YLHSPaHJP}U KL \UH LSLJJP}U H UP]LS UHJPVUHS W\LZ WVY LQLTWSV KLIL [VTHYZL LU J\LU[H X\L LS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS LZ[HISLJL X\L LS WSHaV WHYH SH WYLZLU[HJP}U KL U}TPUHZ KL JHUKPKH[VZ LZ KLZKL SH JVU]VJH[VYPH OHZ[H [YLZ TLZLZ ` X\PUJL KxHZ HU[LZ KL SHZ LSLJJPVULZ TPLU[YHZ X\L LS U\TLYHS KL LZL [L_[V UVYTH[P]V KPZWVUL X\L LS TH[LYPHS LSLJ[VYHS KLILY ZLY LU]PHKV H SHZ Q\U[HZ KxHZ HU[LZ KL SHZ LSLJJPVULZ SV X\L UVZ IYPUKH ZVSV [YLZ TLZLZ WHYH! H ,Z[\KPHY L PUZJYPIPY [VKHZ ` JHKH \UH KL SHZ JHUKPKH[\YHZ WYLZLU[HKHZ WVY SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ WHYH SVZ KPZ[PU[VZ W\LZ[VZ H LSLNPY WYVJLZV X\L PUJS\`L YL]PZHY ZP SVZ JHUKPKH[VZ WYVW\LZ[VZ J\TWSLU JVU [VKVZ SVZ YLX\PZP[VZ L_PNPKVZ WVY LS VYKLUHTPLU[V LU[YL SVZ J\HSLZ KLIL ]LYPÄJHYZL LU JHKH JHZV X\L [LUNHU TmZ KL KVZ H|VZ KL LZ[HY PUZJYP[VZ LSLJ[VYHSTLU[L LU LS JHU[}U V LS KPZ[YP[V WVY LS J\HS ZL LZ[mU WVZ[\SHUKV +L HK]LY[PYZL HSN U KLMLJ[V X\L W\KPLYL Z\IZHUHYZL ZL KLILU YLHSPaHY SHZ WYL]LUJPVULZ YLZWLJ[P]HZ HS WHY[PKV WYVWVULU[L V LU Z\ KLMLJ[V KPJ[HYZL SH YLZVS\JP}U JVYYLZWVUKPLU[L [VKV SV J\HS

NÚMERO 1 / PRIMER SEMESTRE 2006

61


Héctor Fernández Masís

JVTWL[L H SH +PYLJJP}U KLS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS J\`VZ MHSSVZ [PLULU YLJ\YZVZ KL YL]VJH[VYPH ` HWLSHJP}U HU[L LS ;YPI\UHS I /HZ[H X\L HKX\PLYHU ÄYTLaH [VKHZ SHZ YLZVS\JPVULZ KL PUZJYPWJP}U KL JHUKPKH[\YHZ ZLm WVZPISL KHY PUPJPV HS WYVJLZV KL PTWYLZP}U WHWLSL[HZ `H X\L U\LZ[YV VYKLUHTPLU[V LSLJ[VYHS L_PNL X\L ZL PUJS\`HU SVZ UVTIYLZ KL SVZ JHUKPKH[VZ KLU[YV KL SHZ WHWLSL[HZ WYVJLZV LU LS J\HS KLILU HWSPJHYZL SVZ JVU[YVSLZ ULJLZHYPVZ WHYH X\L SVZ JHUKPKH[VZ KL JHKH KPZ[YP[V JHU[}U WYV]PUJPH ` WHWLSL[H WYLZPKLUJPHS ZLHU SVZ JVYYLZWVUKPLU[LZ H SHZ YLZWLJ[P]HZ JPYJ\UZJYPWJPVULZ ` WHY[PKVZ H SVZ LMLJ[VZ KL HWYVIHY SVZ KPZL|VZ ` VYKLUHY SH JVYYLZWVUKPLU[L PTWYLZP}U WHYH S\LNV HSPZ[HY SVZ WHX\L[LZ JVU LS U‚TLYV L_HJ[V KL WHWLSL[HZ WHYH JHKH Q\U[H X\L ZL PUJS\PYmU LU SHZ JHQHZ JVU TH[LYPHS ` KVJ\TLU[HJP}U LSLJ[VYHS X\L ZL LU]xHU H JHKH TLZH YLJLW[VYH KL ]V[VZ J 5V LZ ZPUV OHZ[H X\L JVUJS\`L LS WYVJLZV KL PTWYLZP}U KL WHWLSL[HZ X\L ZL W\LKL KHY PUPJPV HS WYVJLZV KL LTWHX\L KL TH[LYPHS ` HJVTVKV WVY Y\[H KL LU]xV X\L PTWSPJH HZLN\YHYZL ` JVU[YVSHY X\L LU SH JHQH ZL PUJS\`HU [VKVZ SVZ TH[LYPHSLZ H X\L ZL YLÄLYL LS U\TLYHS KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS J\`HZ JHQHZ KLILU U\TLYHYZL H[LUKPLUKV LS U‚TLYV KL Q\U[H WYV]PUJPH JHU[}U ` KPZ[YP[V KL KLZ[PUV K ;LYTPUHKV LS LTWHX\L ZL PUPJPH SH KPZ[YPI\JP}U KLS TH[LYPHS X\L KLIL ZLY LU[YLNHYSV H SHZ 1\U[HZ *HU[VUHSLZ H TmZ [HYKHY KxHZ HU[LZ KL SHZ LSLJJPVULZ JVUMVYTL HU[LYPVYTLU[L ZL PUKPJ} SHZ X\L [PLULU LS KLILY KL KPZ[YPI\PYSV LU[YL SHZ YLZWLJ[P]HZ 1\U[HZ 9LJLW[VYHZ KL =V[VZ 19= KLU[YV KL SVZ KxHZ HU[LYPVYLZ H SVZ JVTPJPVZ ,_PZ[LU JHZVZ LZWLJPHSLZ LU X\L WVY SH KPÄJ\S[HK KL HJJLZV KLS S\NHY JVTV WVY LQLTWSV aVUHZ PUKxNLUHZ SH LU[YLNH H SHZ 19= SH OHJL KPYLJ[HTLU[L LS ;YPI\UHS 7VY V[YV SHKV WHYHSLSHTLU[L H SVZ HU[LYPVYLZ WYVJLZVZ KLILU JVU]VJHYZL JHWHJP[HYZL ` Q\YHTLU[HYZL [VKVZ SVZ JP\KHKHUVZ WYVW\LZ[VZ WVY SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ WHYH PU[LNYHY SHZ 19= W\LZ H\U J\HUKV ZL KPZ[YPI\`HU H [PLTWV [VKHZ SHZ JHQHZ JVU TH[LYPHS ` KVJ\TLU[HJP}U LSLJ[VYHS SH LSLJJP}U KHYxH HS [YHZ[L ZP UV LZ[mU KLIPKHTLU[L PU[LNYHKHZ ` Q\YHTLU[HKHZ [VKHZ SHZ 19= X\PLULZ ZVU SHZ YLZWVUZHISLZ KL YL]PZHY ` HJYLKP[HY X\L ZL YLJPIP} JVTWSL[V LS TH[LYPHS LSLJ[VYHS YLJPIPY LS ]V[V KL SVZ JP\KHKHUVZ YLHSPaHY LS LZJY\[PUPV WYV]PZPVUHS ` JVT\UPJHY LS YLZ\S[HKV KL SH LSLJJP}U HS ;YPI\UHS SV TmZ WYVU[V WVZPISL *VTV W\LKL VIZLY]HYZL SH SHIVY LZ LU YLHSPKHK JVTWSLQH ` WHYH HSJHUaHY LS t_P[V LU [VKHZ LZ[HZ [HYLHZ LZ ULJLZHYPH SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U HJ[P]H ` SH JVSHIVYHJP}U KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ ZVIYL [VKV LU HZWLJ[VZ LZLUJPHSLZ JVTV HZLN\YHYZL KL X\L SVZ JHUKPKH[VZ WYVW\LZ[VZ J\TWSHU H JHIHSPKHK [VKVZ ` JHKH \UV KL SVZ YLX\PZP[VZ SV X\L HNPSPaH LS WYVJLZV KL PUZJYPWJP}U" X\L SVZ TPLTIYVZ X\L UVTPUHU WHYH PU[LNYHY SHZ KPMLYLU[LZ Q\U[HZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ LZ[tU PUMVYTHKVZ ` JVTWYVTL[PKVZ JVU Z\ SHIVY SV J\HS YLK\JPYm LS [YmTP[L KL Z\Z[P[\JPVULZ ` WLYTP[PYm SH PUZ[HSHJP}U VWVY[\UH KL [VKHZ SHZ 19= ,U LZ[L TPZTV ZLU[PKV LZ ]P[HS LS HWV`V KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ WHYH X\L SHZ WLYZVUHZ UVTPUHKHZ JVTV TPLTIYVZ KL TLZH HJ\KHU W\U[\HSTLU[L H SH JVU]VJH[VYPH WHYH Q\YHTLU[HJP}U ` H SH YLJLWJP}U KLS TH[LYPHS LSLJ[VYHS HZx JVTV [HTIPtU X\L LU SH TLKPKH KL Z\Z WVZPIPSPKHKLZ SVZ JHWHJP[LU ` ZLUZPIPSPJLU KL SHZ M\UJPVULZ LUJVTLUKHKHZ

62

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EL PROCESO ELECTORAL

,S JVU[YVS KL SHZ TLZHZ KL ]V[HJP}U SV LQLYJLU SVZ TPLTIYVZ KL TLZH ` SVZ ÄZJHSLZ X\L ZVU WYVW\LZ[VZ WVY SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ ,Z[L ZPZ[LTH OH ZPKV LMLJ[P]V LU [VKHZ SHZ LSLJJPVULZ VYNHUPaHKHZ WVY LS ;:, WLYV LZ ULJLZHYPV YL]P[HSPaHY LS LU[\ZPHZTV ` JP]PZTV KL SHZ WLYZVUHZ WYVW\LZ[HZ JVTV TPLTIYVZ KL Q\U[HZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ UV ZVSHTLU[L WHYH X\L YLZN\HYKLU SH NHYHU[xH KL W\YLaH ` ZLJYL[V KLS Z\MYHNPV ZPUV JVTV \UH MVYTH KL PUJLU[P]HY SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U LSLJ[VYHS [HYLH LU SH X\L WVY Z\W\LZ[V LZ M\UKHTLU[HS LS JVUJ\YZV KL SHZ HNY\WHJPVULZ WVSx[PJHZ W\LZ LZ SHTLU[HISL ]LY X\L LZ JHKH ]La TmZ KPMxJPS X\L SHZ WLYZVUHZ LZ[tU KPZW\LZ[HZ H ZLY]PY LU SHZ Q\U[HZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ SV X\L OH KPÄJ\S[HKV SH PUZ[HSHJP}U KL Q\U[HZ YLJLW[VYHZ KL ]V[VZ ` WYVJLZVZ JVTV SH LU[YLNH KLS TH[LYPHS LSLJ[VYHS X\L LU LS WHZHKV ZL WLSLHIHU WVY ]LY X\PtU ZL SSL]HIH SH JHQH HOVYH LS ;YPI\UHS KLIL PU]LY[PY YLJ\YZVZ ` T\JOV LZM\LYaV WHYH LU[YLNHY \UH I\LUH JHU[PKHK KL JHQHZ JHZH WVY JHZH SV X\L LZ \U ZxU[VTH KL KLZTV[P]HJP}U JP\KHKHUH LU SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U WVSx[PJH LSLJ[VYHS X\L KLIL HSLY[HY WHYH SH I ZX\LKH L PTWSLTLU[HJP}U KL ZVS\JPVULZ X\L YL]PLY[HU LZ[H [LUKLUJPH +LILTVZ YLJVYKHY X\L SVZ ZPZ[LTHZ KLTVJYm[PJVZ ZL Z\Z[LU[HU LU SH ]LYKHKLYH L_PZ[LUJPH KL TLJHUPZTVZ KL WHY[PJPWHJP}U JP\KHKHUH *\HU[V TH`VY ZLH LS UP]LS KL WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL SVZ JP\KHKHUVZ LU SVZ WYVJLZVZ WVSx[PJVZ ` ZVJPHSLZ KL \U WHxZ TmZ KLTVJYm[PJV LZ \U ZPZ[LTH ,S LQLYJPJPV KL SH KLTVJYHJPH KLWLUKL [HU[V KLS YVS KL SH ZVJPLKHK JVTV KL SVZ TPZTVZ }YNHUVZ LUJHYNHKVZ KL YLNPY SH HJ[P]PKHK WVSx[PJV LSLJ[VYHS :PU WHY[PJPWHJP}U JP\KHKHUH SH KLTVJYHJPH WPLYKL Z\ YHa}U KL ZLY YLWYLZLU[H[P]PKHK ` SLNP[PTPKHK LZ WVY LSSV X\L LS LQLYJPJPV KL SH JP\KHKHUxH ` SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U WVSx[PJH JVU[PU HU OV` KxH ZPLUKV PTWLYH[P]VZ KL J\HSX\PLY VYKLU WVSx[PJV ,U YHa}U KL SV HU[LYPVY SH TLQVY THULYH KL HZLN\YHY SH Z\WLY]P]LUJPH KL SH KLTVJYHJPH JVUZPZ[L UV ZVSHTLU[L LU PTWSLTLU[HY TLJHUPZTVZ X\L WLYTP[HU LU MVYTH LÄJPLU[L ` LÄJHa SH ]LYKHKLYH WHY[PJPWHJP}U JP\KHKHUH ZPUV HKLTmZ KLS JVTWYVTPZV KLS }YNHUV Tm_PTV LSLJ[VYHS ` KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ KL ZLUZPIPSPaHY JVUJPLU[PaHY MVYTHY JHWHJP[HY ` HWLSHY HS HWV`V KLS W\LISV KLZKL SHZ SVJHSPKHKLZ LZ[Y\J[\YHZ WHY[PKHYPHZ V J\HSX\PLY V[YH MVYTH KL VYNHUPaHJP}U KL SH ZVJPLKHK JP]PS HZx JVTV HS JP\KHKHUV LU WHY[PJ\SHY LU \U JVU[PU\V LZM\LYaV WHYH X\L tZ[H JVIYL ZLU[PKV YLHS ` TH[LYPHS LU [VKVZ SVZ WYVJLZVZ KL [VTH KL KLJPZP}U ` LS mTIP[V WVSx[PJV +L LZH THULYH LS MVY[HSLJPTPLU[V KL LZ[VZ TLJHUPZTVZ ` ZVIYL [VKV KL SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U WVSx[PJH ` LSLJ[VYHS [HU[V H UP]LS UHJPVUHS JVTV YLNPVUHS ` JHU[VUHS YLWLYJ\[L KPYLJ[HTLU[L LU LS MVY[HSLJPTPLU[V KL \UH KLTVJYHJPH TmZ H\[tU[PJH

III- FASES DEL PROCESO ELECTORAL ,U U\LZ[YV VYKLUHTPLU[V LSLJ[VYHS H U\LZ[YV Q\PJPV ZL W\LKLU PKLU[PÄJHY [YLZ MHZLZ M\UKHTLU[HSLZ KLS WYVJLZV LSLJ[VYHS JHKH \UH JVU SHZ [HYLHZ V HJ[P]PKHKLZ LZWLJxÄJHZ X\L PUMYH ZL KL[HSSHU H\UX\L SHTLU[HISLTLU[L UV LZ[m LZ[Y\J[\YHKH KL LZH MVYTH SH SLNPZSHJP}U ZPUV X\L SHZ KPMLYLU[LZ L[HWHZ X\L JVTWVULU LS WYVJLZV LZ[mU YLN\SHKHZ LU KPZ[PU[VZ JHWx[\SVZ H SV SHYNV KL [VKV LS HY[PJ\SHKV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS ,Z[HZ MHZLZ ZVU!

NÚMERO 1 / PRIMER SEMESTRE 2006

63


Héctor Fernández Masís

( -(:, 79,7(9(;690( +LU[YV KL LZ[H MHZL LZ[PTHTVZ WYVJLKLU[L \IPJHY [VKHZ HX\LSSHZ HJ[P]PKHKLZ X\L LZ ULJLZHYPV [LULY ÄUPX\P[HKHZ JVU Z\ÄJPLU[L HU[LSHJP}U HS WYVJLZV LSLJ[VYHS `H X\L ZPU LSSHZ ZLYxH PTWVZPISL JLSLIYHY \UH LSLJJP}U KL HJ\LYKV JVU U\LZ[YV ZPZ[LTH 0UJS\ZP]L T\JOHZ KL tZ[HZ [PLULU WSHaVZ X\L ]LUJLU KLZKL \U H|V OHZ[H VJOV V J\H[YV TLZLZ HU[LYPVYLZ H SH LSLJJP}U 7VKYxHTVZ KLJPY X\L LZ[H MHZL [PLUL WVY VIQL[V WYLWHYHY SH PUMYHLZ[Y\J[\YH LSLJ[VYHS HSPZ[HY LS JHTWV KL Q\LNV SH TLZH KL [YHIHQV LS [LYYLUV WHYH X\L LSLJ[VYLZ WHY[PKVZ ` VYNHUPZTVZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ W\LKHU KLZLTWL|HYZL LS KxH KL SH LSLJJP}U 1- Promulgación de la División Administrativa Electoral +L JVUMVYTPKHK JVU LS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS SH KP]PZP}U [LYYP[VYPHS HKTPUPZ[YH[P]H ZL HWSPJHYm HS WYVJLZV LSLJ[VYHS YHa}U WVY SH J\HS LS 7VKLY ,QLJ\[P]V KLIL WYLWHYHYSH ` W\ISPJHYSH WVY SV TLUVZ KVJL TLZLZ HU[LZ KL SHZ LSLJJPVULZ `H X\L KLZW\tZ KL LZH MLJOH UV WVKYm YLHSPaHY ]HYPHJPVULZ H tZ[H ,ZH UVYTH [HTIPtU SL KH SH MHJ\S[HK HS ;YPI\UHS KL KP]PKPY \U KPZ[YP[V HKTPUPZ[YH[P]V LU KVZ V TmZ KPZ[YP[VZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ WYVJ\YHUKV HZx SH TH`VY JVTVKPKHK KL SVZ LSLJ[VYLZ WHYH SH LTPZP}U KL Z\Z ]V[VZ LZ KLJPY X\L SVZ JP\KHKHUVZ KLIHU YLJVYYLY SH TLUVY KPZ[HUJPH WVZPISL WHYH ]V[HY JVTV SV LZ[HISLJL LS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS ,ZH MHJ\S[HK UV ZL W\LKL \[PSPaHY LU SVZ VJOV TLZLZ HU[LYPVYLZ H SHZ LSLJJPVULZ ,U SH WYmJ[PJH LZ[H LZ \UH SHIVY JVUZ[HU[L KL SH *VU[YHSVYxH ,SLJ[VYHS VÄJPUH X\L UV ZVSV LZ[m LU JVU[PU\H PU]LZ[PNHJP}U WHYH SH JYLHJP}U M\ZP}U V LSPTPUHJP}U KL KPZ[YP[VZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ ZPUV X\L HKLTmZ Q\LNH \U PTWVY[HU[L WHWLS LU SH PUZJYPWJP}U KLS KVTPJPSPV LSLJ[VYHS X\L ZL YLHSPaH H WHY[PY KL SHZ ZVSPJP[\KLZ KL JtK\SH WYLZLU[HKHZ WVY SVZ JP\KHKHUVZ ,Z[H MHJ\S[HK OH WLYTP[PKV WVY LQLTWSV MHJPSP[HY ` LU T\JOVZ JHZVZ WVZPIPSP[HY LS ]V[V KL WYP]HKVZ KL SPILY[HK V HK\S[VZ TH`VYLZ `H X\L OH ZPKV WVZPISL LZ[HISLJLY JVTV KPZ[YP[V LSLJ[VYHS SVZ WYVWPVZ JLU[YVZ WLUP[LUJPHYPVZ ` OVNHYLZ KL HUJPHUVZ WHYH X\L LZHZ WLYZVUHZ W\LKHU ]V[HY LU LS TPZTV S\NHY KVUKL ZL LUJ\LU[YHU 7HYH LSSV JSHYV LZ[m LZ ULJLZHYPV S\LNV KL SH JYLHJP}U KLS KPZ[YP[V LSLJ[VYHS \U WYVJLZV KL LTWHKYVUHTPLU[V X\L JVUZPZ[L LU SH [YHTP[HJP}U KL ZVSPJP[\KLZ KL JtK\SH V JHTIPVZ KL KVTPJPSPV LSLJ[VYHS KVUKL ZL PUKPX\L X\L KLZLHU ]V[HY LU LS S\NHY KVUKL ZL HZPLU[H LS U\L]V KPZ[YP[V LSLJ[VYHS ZLHU SVZ JLU[YVZ WLUP[LUJPHYPVZ OVNHYLZ KL HUJPHUVZ V J\HSX\PLY V[YV SV J\HS LZ ]VS\U[HYPV LZ KLJPY LS VYNHUPZTV LSLJ[VYHS UV W\LKL VISPNHY H UHKPL H JHTIPHY KL KVTPJPSPV LSLJ[VYHS 3VZ YLX\PZP[VZ ImZPJVZ X\L OH LZ[HISLJPKV LS ;YPI\UHS WHYH SH JYLHJP}U KL \U KPZ[YP[V LSLJ[VYHS ZVU X\L ZL J\LU[L JVU \UH LZJ\LSH V SVJHS W ISPJV HW[V WHYH \IPJHY LS JLU[YV KL ]V[HJP}U ` X\L ZL J\LU[L HS TLUVZ JVU LSLJ[VYLZ H\UX\L L_PZ[LU JHZVZ LZWLJPHSLZ LU X\L WVY SH KPZ[HUJPH MHJPSPKHK KL HJJLZV V JVUKPJPVULZ LZWLJPHSLZ ZL OHU JYLHKV KPZ[YP[VZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ JVU TLUVZ KL LSLJ[VYLZ <UH ]La JLYYHKV LS WSHaV WHYH YLHSPaHY LZ[L [PWV KL TVKPÄJHJPVULZ H SH +P]PZP}U ;LYYP[VYPHS (KTPUPZ[YH[P]H ZL LTP[L ` KPZ[YPI\`L LU[YL SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ M\UJPVUHYPVZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ ` KLTmZ PU[LYLZHKVZ SH +P]PZP}U ;LYYP[VYPHS ,SLJ[VYHS

64

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EL PROCESO ELECTORAL

2- Inscripciรณn de Partidos Polรญticos ,Z[H LZ \UH M\UJP}U X\L LS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS LUJVTPLUKH HS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS KVUKL PU[LYLZH KLZ[HJHY X\L SHZ ZVSPJP[\KLZ WHYH PUZJYPIPY U\L]VZ WHY[PKVZ `H ZLH H LZJHSH UHJPVUHS JHU[VUHS V WYV]PUJPHS W\LKLU YLHSPaHYZL LU J\HSX\PLY TVTLU[V ZHS]V KLU[YV KL SVZ VJOV TLZLZ HU[LYPVYLZ H SHZ LSLJJPVULZ LZ[HUKV PTWLKPKVZ [HU[V LS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS JVTV LS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV ,SLJJPVULZ WHYH KPJ[HY YLZVS\JPVULZ VYKLUHUKV PUZJYPIPY WHY[PKVZ KLU[YV KL SVZ ZLPZ TLZLZ WYL]PVZ HS KxH KL SH LSLJJP}U SV X\L LU ย S[PTV JHZV IYPUKH ZVSV KVZ TLZLZ WHYH LZ[\KPHY HX\LSSHZ ZVSPJP[\KLZ X\L ZL WYLZLU[LU HS ร UHSPaHY LS WSHaV KL VJOV TLZLZ SV X\L PTWSPJH JVTWYVIHY LS J\TWSPTPLU[V KL SVZ YLX\PZP[VZ X\L LZ[HISLJL LZL U\TLYHS KLU[YV KL SVZ J\HSLZ ZL PUJS\`L SH YL]PZP}U KL ร YTHZ KL SVZ LSLJ[VYLZ X\L IYPUKHYVU Z\ HKOLZP}U HS WHY[PKV X\L LZ \UH SHIVY IHZ[HU[L JVTWSLQH ` X\L WVY Zx ZVSH KLTHUKH \UH HKLJ\HKH WSHUPร JHJP}U ` VYNHUPaHJP}U 9LZ\S[H PU[LYLZHU[L YLZL|HY X\L LZ[L M\L \UV KL SVZ WYVJLZVZ X\L ZL HMLJ[} JVU SH WYVT\SNHJP}U KLS *}KPNV 4\UPJPWHS X\L LZ[HISLJL SH LSLJJP}U KL JHYNVZ T\UPJPWHSLZ LU LS TLZ KL KPJPLTIYL WVZ[LYPVY H SH LSLJJP}U WYLZPKLUJPHS W\LZ SVZ VJOV TLZLZ HU[LYPVYLZ H LZH LSLJJP}U ZL J\TWSLU LU LS TLZ KL HIYPS ` WHYH SH ย S[PTH LSLJJP}U WYLZPKLUJPHS M\L ULJLZHYPV JLSLIYHY SH ZLN\UKH YVUKH X\L M\L SV X\L HJHWHY} SH H[LUJP}U LU LZL TVTLU[V WVY SV X\L LU LS TLZ KL HIYPS ` HU[LYPVYLZ KL LZL H|V T\` WVJHZ LYHU SHZ WLYZVUHZ J\`H H[LUJP}U LZ[HIH JLU[YHKH LU SHZ LSLJJPVULZ T\UPJPWHSLZ KL HOx X\L T\JOVZ JP\KHKHUVZ X\L OHIxHU YLHSPaHKV NLZ[PVULZ WHYH VYNHUPaHY WHY[PKVZ H UP]LS JHU[VUHS WHYH WHY[PJPWHY LU SH LSLJJP}U KL HSJHSKLZ ` KLTmZ JHYNVZ UV W\KPLYVU PUZJYPIPY LS WHY[PKVZ W\LZ ZL SLZ WHZ} LS TLUJPVUHKV [tYTPUV X\L LZ \UV KL SVZ HZWLJ[VZ X\L YLร LQHU SH PUJVU]LUPLUJPH KL YLHSPaHY LSLJJPVULZ T\UPJPWHSLZ LU \UH MLJOH [HU WY}_PTH H SHZ WYLZPKLUJPHSLZ 3- Conformaciรณn del Padrรณn Electoral de๏ฌ nitivo y distribuciรณn de JRV ,Z[H LZ V[YH KL SHZ M\UJPVULZ X\L SH 3L` SL LUJVTPLUKH H SH +PYLJJP}U .LULYHS KLS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS *VUJYL[HTLU[L LS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS KPZWVUL X\L KVZ TLZLZ ` X\PUJL KxHZ HU[LZ KL SHZ LSLJJPVULZ ZL LTWLaHYm H MVYTHY SH SPZ[H NLULYHS KLร UP[P]H KL LSLJ[VYLZ V 7HKY}U 5HJPVUHS ,SLJ[VYHS JVU IHZL LU SHZ YLZVS\JPVULZ ร YTLZ [HU[V KLS 9LNPZ[YV JVTV KLS ;YPI\UHS X\L ZL KPJ[LU KL HJ\LYKV JVU SV KPZW\LZ[V WVY SH 3L` 6YNmUPJH KL LZ[VZ VYNHUPZTVZ H SVZ LMLJ[VZ KL X\L ZLNย U SV LZ[HISLJL LS U\TLYHS KLS JP[HKV *}KPNV \U TLZ HU[LZ KL SH LSLJJP}U LS 9LNPZ[YV [LUNH PTWYLZHZ WVY VYKLU HSMHIt[PJV KL HWLSSPKV SHZ SPZ[HZ KLร UP[P]HZ KL LSLJ[VYLZ V IPLU PUJS\PY LZL 7HKY}U 5HJPVUHS JVTWSL[V LU SHZ IHZLZ KL KH[VZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ X\L SL WLYTP[HU KHYSL SH TH`VY W\ISPJPKHK JVTV LZ LS JHZV KL :PZ[LTH KL 0UMVYTHJP}U WVY TLKPV KLS J\HS SVZ JP\KHKHUVZ W\LKLU JVUZ\S[HY H [YH]tZ KL \U [LStMVUV THYJHUKV LS Uย TLYV LS S\NHY KVUKL SLZ JVYYLZWVUKL ]V[HY 7VY V[YV SHKV LS HY[PJ\SV KLS *}KPNV LU TLUJP}U KPZWVUL X\L JVYYLZWVUKL HS 9LNPZ[YV ร QHY LS Uย TLYV KL 1\U[HZ 9LJLW[VYHZ KL =V[VZ LU JHKH KPZ[YP[V ` KPZ[YPI\PY H SVZ LSLJ[VYLZ X\L OHU KL ]V[HY LU JHKH \UH ` SVZ HY[xJ\SVZ ` KLร ULU X\L LZ LS 7HKY}U 9LNPZ[YV ` LS TVTLU[V LU X\L KLIL LZ[HY WYLWHYHKV *HIL HNYLNHY X\L KLZKL SHZ LSLJJPVULZ KL LS ;YPI\UHS KPZW\ZV WYLWHYHY LS 7HKY}U 9LNPZ[YV JVU -V[VNYHMxH WHYH X\L \U ZVSV KVJ\TLU[V JVU[\]PLYH [VKVZ SVZ LSLTLU[VZ WHYH SH PKLU[Pร JHJP}U WSLUH KLS LSLJ[VY SV X\L MHJPSP[} LZ[H TLKPKH KL ZLN\YPKHK W\LZ

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65


Héctor Fernández Masís

HU[LYPVYTLU[L ZL WYLWHYHIH \U WHKY}U MV[VNYmÄJV WVY ZLWHYHKV KLS WHKY}U YLNPZ[YV WHYH JHKH Q\U[H 7YLJPZHTLU[L L_PZ[L \U WYVNYHTH LSLJ[VYHS X\L ZL LUJHYNH KL JVUMLJJPVUHY KLU[YV KL SVZ [tYTPUVZ ` JVUKPJPVULZ SLNHSLZ SVZ WHKYVULZ YLNPZ[YV JVU MV[VNYHMxH X\L ]HU H ZLY KPZ[YPI\PKVZ H SHZ 1\U[HZ 9LJLW[VYHZ KL =V[VZ 4- Convocatoria a elecciones ,Z LS HJ[V X\L KH PUPJPV VÄJPHS H SH JHTWH|H LSLJ[VYHS TVTLU[V LU LS J\HS `H LZ[mU KLÄUPKVZ SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ X\L [LUKYmU SH WVZPIPSPKHK KL WYLZLU[HY SHZ U}TPUHZ KL JHUKPKH[VZ WHYH JHKH [PWV KL LSLJJP}U" ` JVU tZ[L ZL KH PUPJPV HS [tYTPUV WHYH WYLZLU[HY KPJOHZ U}TPUHZ +L JVUMVYTPKHK JVU LS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS SH JVU]VJH[VYPH WHYH SHZ LSLJJPVULZ WYLZPKLUJPHSLZ KPW\[HKPSLZ ` KL YLNPKVYLZ KLIL LMLJ[\HYZL LS WYPTLYV KL VJ[\IYL ` WHYH SHZ T\UPJPWHSLZ LS WYPTLYV KL HNVZ[V PUTLKPH[HTLU[L HU[LYPVYLZ H SH MLJOH KL SH LSLJJP}U 5- Inscripción de candidaturas ,Z V[YH KL SHZ M\UJPVULZ LUJVTLUKHKHZ HS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS KLS J\HS `H OLTVZ OLJOV YLMLYLUJPH HU[LYPVYTLU[L ` J\`V VIQL[P]V LZ PUZJYPIPY LU LS TLUVY [PLTWV WVZPISL [VKHZ SHZ JHUKPKH[\YHZ X\L WYLZLU[LU SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ JVYYVIVYHUKV LS J\TWSPTPLU[V JHIHS KL SVZ YLX\PZP[VZ LZ[HISLJPKVZ WVY SH SLNPZSHJP}U WHYH LZL LMLJ[V WYL]PUPLUKV SV ULJLZHYPV LU LZL ZLU[PKV HZx JVTV YLZVS]LY SHZ PTW\NUHJPVULZ ` YLJ\YZVZ X\L PU[LYWVUNHU SVZ WHY[PKVZ JVU[YH SHZ YLZVS\JPVULZ X\L ZL KPJ[LU YLJOHaHUKV JHUKPKH[\YHZ X\L PUJ\TWSHU KPJOVZ YLX\PZP[VZ +L HJ\LYKV JVU LS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS SHZ U}TPUHZ Z}SV W\LKLU WYLZLU[HYZL KLZKL SH JVU]VJH[VYPH OHZ[H [YLZ TLZLZ ` X\PUJL KxHZ UH[\YHSLZ HU[LZ KL SH MLJOH KL SH LSLJJP}U SV X\L KLQH H SVZ WHY[PKVZ HWYV_PTHKHTLU[L X\PUJL KxHZ WHYH WYLZLU[HY SVZ YLZWLJ[P]VZ MVYT\SHYPVZ H\UX\L SV PKLHS LZ X\L JVU HU[LYPVYPKHK H SH JVU]VJH[VYPH `H [LUNHU KLÄUPKVZ [VKVZ SVZ JHUKPKH[VZ ` JVTWYVIHKV X\L [VKVZ J\TWSLU SVZ YLX\PZP[VZ KL SL` W\LZ H`\KHYxH T\JOV HS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS X\L SHZ U}TPUHZ ZL WYLZLU[LU HS PUPJPV ` UV HS ÄUHS KLS [tYTPUV W\LZ LZ \UH KL SHZ L[HWHZ TmZ JYx[PJHZ `H X\L JVUZ[P[\`L LS PUZ\TV PUKPZWLUZHISL WHYH SH PTWYLZP}U KL SHZ WHWLSL[HZ ` LU[YL TmZ [PLTWV JVUZ\TH TLUVZ [PLTWV KLQH HS WYVJLZV KL PTWYLZP}U JVTV H SVZ WYVNYHTHZ KL LTWHX\L ` KPZ[YPI\JP}U KL TH[LYPHS 6- Nominación de miembros de Juntas Electorales y Fiscales 3HZ 1\U[HZ ,SLJ[VYHSLZ ZVU VYNHUPZTVZ M\UKHTLU[HSLZ L PUKPZWLUZHISLZ KL U\LZ[YV ZPZ[LTH LSLJ[VYHS ` ZL KP]PKLU LU 1\U[HZ *HU[VUHSLZ \UH LU JHKH JHU[}U ` 1\U[HZ 9LJLW[VYHZ KL =V[VZ [HU[HZ JVTV LS U‚TLYV KL Q\U[HZ X\L ÄQL LS 9LNPZ[YV KL HJ\LYKV JVU SV JVUZPNUHKV LU LS HY[xJ\SV KL LZL *}KPNV :LN‚U LS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS SHZ 1\U[HZ *HU[VUHSLZ LZ[HYmU PU[LNYHKHZ WVY \U LSLJ[VY KLSLNHKV KL JHKH \UV KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ WHY[PJPWHU[LZ LU SH LSLJJP}U JVU JHUKPKH[\YHZ PUZJYP[HZ KLIPLUKV JVT\UPJHY WVY LZJYP[V SVZ UVTIYLZ KL KLSLNHKV WYVWPL[HYPV ` Z\WSLU[L KLS YLZWLJ[P]V JHU[}U [YLZ TLZLZ HU[LZ KL SH LSLJJP}U H SVZ LMLJ[VZ KL X\L KLU[YV SVZ [YLZ KxHZ ZPN\PLU[LZ HS ]LUJPTPLU[V KLS [tYTPUV KPJOV LS ;YPI\UHS HJVQH SH KLZPNUHJP}U OLJOH WVY SVZ WHY[PKVZ ` W\ISPX\L LS HJ\LYKV X\L SHZ KLJSHYL PU[LNYHKHZ ZPN\PLUKV LS TPZTV VYKLU KL SH +P]PZP}U ;LYYP[VYPHS ,SLJ[VYHS +LU[YV KL SVZ [YLZ KxHZ WVZ[LYPVYLZ H SH W\ISPJHJP}U KLS HJ\LYKV PUKPJHKV SVZ LSLJ[VYLZ KLZPNUHKVZ KLILU JVUJ\YYPY HU[L LS KLSLNHKV KL SH H\[VYPKHK KL

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Héctor Fernández Masís

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Héctor Fernández Masís

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KLJSHYH[VYPH KLIL JVT\UPJHYZL H SHZ WLYZVUHZ LSLNPKHZ ` HS 7VKLY ,QLJ\[P]V WHYH Z\ JVUVJPTPLU[V H [LUVY KL SVZ HY[xJ\SVZ PUJPZV K ` KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS 5- Entrega de credenciales. ,Z[L WYVJLKPTPLU[V UV [PLUL \UH YLN\SHJP}U L_WYLZH KLU[YV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS WLYV LZ SV X\L WVKYxH JHSPÄJHYZL JVTV SH ‚S[PTH MHZL KLS WYVJLZV LSLJ[VYHS `H X\L \UH ]La KPJ[HKHZ SHZ JVYYLZWVUKPLU[LZ KLJSHYH[VYPHZ KL LSLJJP}U LS ;YPI\UHS JVU]VJH H \U HJ[V ZVSLTUL WHYH LU[YLNHY SHZ JVYYLZWVUKPLU[LZ JYLKLUJPHSLZ H SVZ M\UJPVUHYPVZ LSLJ[VZ 3V X\L Zx LZ[m YLN\SHKV WVY SH SLNPZSHJP}U ` WVY SH WYVWPH *VUZ[P[\JP}U 7VSx[PJH LU LS PUJPZV KLS U\TLYHS ZVU SHZ JH\ZHSLZ KL WtYKPKH KL JYLKLUJPHSLZ J\`V WYVJLKPTPLU[V LZ[m YLN\SHKV LU \UH YLNSHTLU[HJP}U KPJ[HKH WVY LS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV ,SLJJPVULZ KVUKL SH ZHUJP}U UV Z}SV LZ SH KLZ[P[\JP}U KLS JHYNV ZPUV HKLTmZ SH PUOHIPSP[HJP}U WHYH LQLYJLY JHYNVZ W‚ISPJVZ J\HUKV TLUVZ WVY KVZ H|VZ

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LAS CUOTAS DE PARTICIPACIร N POLร TICA DE LA MUJER EN COSTA RICA, 1996-2005* Arlette Bolaรฑos Barquero** HIVSHUVZ'[ZL NV JY

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,Z KL [VKVZ JVUVJPKV X\L SH S\JOH KL SHZ T\QLYLZ WHYH VZ[LU[HY \UH WVZPJP}U HJ[P]H KLU[YV KL SH ]PKH W‚ISPJH UHJPVUHS OH ZPKV OPZ[}YPJH ` JVTWSLQH 3VZ SVNYVZ OHZ[H SH MLJOH HSJHUaHKVZ ZVU LS YLZ\S[HKV KL T\JOHZ KtJHKHZ KL PU[LSPNLU[L ` [LUHa S\JOH SSL]HKH H JHIV KLZKL KPMLYLU[LZ Ã…HUJVZ WVY T\JOHZ WLYZVUHZ JVU]LUJPKHZ KLS ULJLZHYPV YLJVUVJPTPLU[V KL SVZ KLYLJOVZ WVSx[PJVZ KL SH T\QLY 5V VIZ[HU[L OHILY HSJHUaHKV LS YLJVUVJPTPLU[V Q\YxKPJV ` ZVJPHS KLS KLYLJOV H LSLNPY WHYH SHZ T\QLYLZ OH ZPKV TmZ KPMxJPS OHJLY LMLJ[P]V LS KLYLJOV HS Z\MYHNPV WHZP]V V ZLH LS KLYLJOV H HJJLKLY H W\LZ[VZ KL LSLJJP}U WVW\SHY ,Z[V OH LUJVU[YHKV NYHUKLZ VIZ[mJ\SVZ UV [HU[V LU [tYTPUVZ KLS YLJVUVJPTPLU[V MVYTHS J\HU[V KL HJJLZV YLHS KLIPKV LU WHY[L H X\L OHU ZPKV TH`VYLZ SVZ WYLQ\PJPVZ ` SHZ YLZPZ[LUJPHZ JVU[YH SH KLZPNUHJP}U KL T\QLYLZ LU W\LZ[VZ KL THUKV ` JVU[YVS 7H\SH[PUHTLU[L KLZKL ]HYPHZ PUZ[HUJPHZ ` LU KPZ[PU[HZ tWVJHZ ZL OHU SVNYHKV YLZ\S[HKVZ PTWVY[HU[LZ ZL OHU HKVW[HKV ` WYVT\SNHKV THYJVZ JVUZ[P[\JPVUHSLZ SLNHSLZ [YH[HKVZ PU[LYUHJPVUHSLZ ZL OHU LMLJ[\HKV PU[LYWYL[HJPVULZ KL UVYTHZ MH]VYHISLZ HS YLJVUVJPTPLU[V ` HJ[P]HJP}U KL SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL SHZ T\QLYLZ LU LS LZJLUHYPV WVSx[PJV ` SVZ WYVJLZVZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ ( LZ[V ZL SL KLUVTPUH ¸HJJPVULZ HÄYTH[P]HZ¹ SHZ J\HSLZ LU +LYLJOV OHU ZPKV [YH[HKHZ WVY SH [LVYxH KL SHZ KLZPN\HSKHKLZ JVTWLUZH[VYPHZ (S YLZWLJ[V SH :HSH *VUZ[P[\JPVUHS LU YLP[LYHKHZ VJHZPVULZ ZL OH YLMLYPKV H SH ]HSPKLa KL SVZ TLJHUPZTVZ KPZWHYLZ PUKPJHUKV SV ZPN\PLU[L! ¸ LS WYVW}ZP[V KL [HSLZ WYVNYHTHZ V KL SLNPZSHJP}U LZ LS KL UV Z}SV L]P[HY SH KLZPN\HSKHK PUKP]PK\V ]LYZ\Z PUKP]PK\V ZPUV [HTIPtU SH KLZPN\HSKHK LU[YL KP]LYZVZ NY\WVZ O\THUVZ 3HZ KPZWVZPJPVULZ KPZWHYLZ KL SH SL` MYLU[L HS YtNPTLU JVT‚U ZVU TLKPKHZ JVTWLUZH[VYPHZ X\L MH]VYLJLU SH PN\HSKHK YLHS LTWSLHUKV JVTV OLYYHTPLU[H \UH KLZPN\HSKHK MVYTHS LU [HU[V X\L UV ZL HSJHUJL SH WYPTLYH¯¹ 9LZVS\JP}U 5V *VUZPKLYHUKV =000 @ WVZ[LYPVYTLU[L TLKPHU[L SH ZLU[LUJPH 5V KLS KL MLIYLYV KL LZH :HSH H]HS} SHZ J\V[HZ KL WHY[PJPWHJP}U MLTLUPUH LU ]PY[\K KL \U YLJ\YZV KL HTWHYV KLJSHYHKV JVU S\NHY WVY UV WVZ[\SHY UP UVTIYHY LS *VUZLQV KL .VIPLYUV H UPUN\UH T\QLY KLU[YV KL SH 1\U[H +PYLJ[P]H KL SH (\[VYPKHK 9LN\SHKVYH KL SVZ :LY]PJPVZ 7‚ISPJVZ (9,:,7 ` L_WYLZ}! ¸ WHYH L]P[HY SH KPZJYPTPUHJP}U KL SH T\QLY KLIL KmYZLSL \U [YH[V LZWLJPHS ` JHSPÄJHKV ZP[\HJP}U X\L LU J\TWSPTPLU[V KLS WYPUJPWPV KL PN\HSKHK X\L LZ[HISLJL [YH[V PN\HS WHYH SVZ PN\HSLZ ` KLZPN\HS WHYH SVZ KLZPN\HSLZ Q\Z[PÄJH \UH WYV[LJJP}U WHY[PJ\SHYTLU[L HJLU[\HKH H MH]VY KL SH T\QLY (ZPTPZTV KLIL [VTHYZL LU J\LU[H X\L SHZ ZVJPLKHKLZ ` X\PLULZ LQLYJLU WVZPJPVULZ KL WVKLY H SH OVYH KL [VTHY Z\Z KLJPZPVULZ SV OHJLU JVU IHZL LU SHZ KPMLYLU[LZ YLSHJPVULZ X\L ZL WYLZLU[HU WHYH SH [VTH KL LSSHZ ` HS ULNmYZLSL H SH T\QLY LU MVYTH ]LKHKH V UV KL ZPJ Z\ WHY[PJPWHJP}U LU W\LZ[VZ KL KLJPZP}U ZL VS]PKH X\L ZL ,Z[H YLZVS\JP}U SV M\L LU ]PY[\K KL \UH HJJP}U KL PUJVUZ[P[\JPVUHSPKHK KLJSHYHKH WHYJPHSTLU[L JVU S\NHY JVU[YH SLNPZSHJP}U X\L YLN\SH SH ]LU[H KL TLYJHKLYxH KLS +LW}ZP[V 3PIYL *VTLYJPHS KL .VSÄ[V WVY ]PVSHJP}U HS WYPUJPWPV KL PN\HSKHK

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OH KLQHKV KL SHKV [VTHY LU J\LU[H LS W\U[V KL ]PZ[H X\L ZVIYL LZH YLHSPKHK KL U\LZ[YHZ ZVJPLKHKLZ [LUNHU SHZ T\QLYLZยน -PUHSTLU[L JVUZPKLY}! ยธ KPJOV *VUZLQV WYVJLKP} H KLZPNUHY ZVSHTLU[L H OVTIYLZ LU SVZ JHYNVZ ZP[\HJP}U X\L PTWSPJH \UH KPZJYPTPUHJP}U JVU[YH SH T\QLY WVY \U HJ[V VTPZP]V ยถSH UV WVZ[\SHJP}U ` KLZPNUHJP}U KL T\QLYLZ LU LS W\LZ[V JVU[YHYPV HS WYPUJPWPV KLTVJYm[PJV HS ZPJ KL PN\HSKHK LZ[HISLJPKV LU SH *VUZ[P[\JP}U 7VSx[PJHยฏ ยน :LU[LUJPH 5V 7HYH PUJYLTLU[HY SH YLWYLZLU[HJP}U WVSx[PJH KL SH T\QLY ZL OH OLJOV ULJLZHYPV LS \ZV KL ZPZ[LTHZ KL J\V[HZ SV J\HS OH YLWYLZLU[HKV \U ZHS[V J\HSP[H[P]V LU SH KLร UPJP}U KL TL[HZ LZ[YH[LNPHZ ` Tt[VKVZ ,S WYPUJPWHS VIQL[P]V KL SVZ ZPZ[LTHZ KL J\V[HZ LZ ZLSLJJPVUHY T\QLYLZ WHYH W\LZ[VZ LU PUZ[P[\JPVULZ KL NVIPLYUV ` NHYHU[PaHY X\L UV X\LKLU THYNPUHKHZ KL SH ]PKH Wย ISPJH WVSx[PJH V X\L Z\ WYLZLUJPH UV ZLH TLYHTLU[L KLJVYH[P]H ,U ZPZ[LTHZ UL\[YHSLZ JVU YLZWLJ[V HS NtULYV LS VIQL[P]V LZ H\TLU[HY LU Uย TLYVZ JVUZPKLYHISLZ SH YLWYLZLU[HJP}U KLS NtULYV X\L ZL LUJ\LU[YL PUMYHYLWYLZLU[HKV ,S ZPZ[LTH KL J\V[HZ PTWSPJH X\L SH T\QLY KLIL JVUZ[P[\PY \U Uย TLYV V WVYJLU[HQL KL[LYTPUHKV KL TPLTIYVZ KL \U }YNHUV `H ZLH \UH SPZ[H KL JHUKPKH[VZ \UH HZHTISLH WHYSHTLU[HYPH \UH JVTPZP}U V \U NVIPLYUV 3H JHYNH KL SH ZLSLJJP}U JVYYLZWVUKPLU[L LZ[m LU X\PLULZ JVU[YVSHU LZL WYVJLZV LS KL ZLSLJJP}U UV LU SH T\QLY (Zx LS ZPZ[LTH KL J\V[HZ I\ZJH HZLN\YHY X\L SHZ T\QLYLZ JVUZ[P[\`HU HS TLUVZ \UH ยธTPUVYxH KLJPZP]Hยน KLS HS JVTV TLKPKH [LTWVYHS OHZ[H X\L ZL LSPTPULU SHZ IHYYLYHZ X\L PTWPKLU LS HJJLZV H T\QLYLZ H SH WVSx[PJH +HOSLY\W ! +LZKL LS W\U[V KL ]PZ[H KLS NtULYV ZL I\ZJH SH JYLHJP}U KL ZPZ[LTHZ UL\[YHSLZ WHYH JVYYLNPY SH PUMYHYLWYLZLU[HJP}U OVTIYL T\QLY V[VYNHUKV \U WVYJLU[HQL TxUPTV ` Tm_PTV PKtU[PJV WHYH JHKH NtULYV :L OHU LZNYPTPKV HYN\TLU[VZ H MH]VY ` LU JVU[YH KLS \ZV KL SVZ ZPZ[LTHZ KL J\V[HZ WHYH SH PUZLYJP}U KL SHZ T\QLYLZ +HOSLY\W ! +LU[YV KL SVZ HYN\TLU[VZ MH]VYHISLZ H SHZ J\V[HZ KL WHY[PJPWHJP}U MLTLUPUH LZ[mU! 5V KPZJYPTPUHU ZPUV X\L JVTWLUZHU SH HJ[\HS L_PZ[LUJPH KL IHYYLYHZ X\L PTWPKLU SH Q\Z[H WYVWVYJP}U KL T\QLYLZ LU W\LZ[VZ WVSx[PJVZ :\ HWSPJHJP}U PTWSPJH X\L OH`HU ]HYPHZ T\QLYLZ Q\U[HZ LU \UH JVTPZP}U HZHTISLH \ }YNHUV SV J\HS TPUPTPaH SH WYLZP}U ` LS LZ[YtZ X\L ZL L_WLYPTLU[H J\HUKV Z}SV ZL LUJ\LU[YHU JPMYHZ YLWYLZLU[H[P]HZ 3HZ T\QLYLZ [PLULU KLYLJOV JVTV JP\KHKHUHZ H \UH YLWYLZLU[HJP}U LX\P[H[P]H 3H L_WLYPLUJPH MLTLUPUH LZ ULJLZHYPH LU SH WVSx[PJH 3HZ LSLJJPVULZ [YH[HU ZVIYL YLWYLZLU[HJP}U ` UV [x[\SVZ HJHKtTPJVZ ULJLZHYPVZ WHYH SSL]HY H JHIV LZ[H SHIVY 3HZ T\QLYLZ LZ[mU [HU JHWHJP[HKHZ JVTV SVZ OVTIYLZ WLYV Z\ WYLWHYHJP}U ZL TPUPTPaH LU ZPZ[LTHZ WVSx[PJVZ KVTPUHKVZ WVY LSSVZ

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:VU SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ SVZ X\L JVU[YVSHU LS WYVJLZV KL UVTPUHJP}U WVY SV X\L UV ZVU SVZ ]V[HU[LZ X\PLULZ LU WYPTLYH PUZ[HUJPH KLJPKLU X\PtU YLZ\S[H LSLNPKV 3H PU[YVK\JJP}U KL J\V[HZ W\LKL VYPNPUHY JVUÅPJ[VZ WLYV Z}SV KL MVYTH [LTWVYHS *VTV HYN\TLU[VZ JVU[YHYPVZ H SHZ J\V[HZ KL WHY[PJPWHJP}U MLTLUPUH LZ[mU! *VU[YHKPJLU SH PN\HSKHK KL VWVY[\UPKHKLZ KLZKL LS TVTLU[V LU X\L KHU WYLMLYLUJPHZ H SHZ T\QLYLZ :VU HU[PKLTVJYm[PJHZ `H X\L SVZ ]V[HU[LZ KLILU ZLY JHWHJLZ KL KLJPKPY X\PtU YLZ\S[H LSLNPKV *VU SHZ J\V[HZ SVZ JHUKPKH[VZ V WVSx[PJVZ ZL LSPNLU WVY NtULYV UV WVY Z\ WYLWHYHJP}U LU[VUJLZ SVZ TmZ J\HSPÄJHKVZ ZVU HWHY[HKVZ 4\JOHZ T\QLYLZ UV X\PLYLU ZLY LSLNPKHZ Z}SV WVY ZLY T\QLYLZ 3H PU[YVK\JJP}U KL J\V[HZ NLULYH JVUÅPJ[VZ ZPNUPÄJH[P]VZ H UP]LS KL SH VYNHUPaHJP}U PU[LYUH KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ (OVYH IPLU ZL OH JVUZPKLYHKV X\L [VKH LZ[H J\LZ[P}U KL SHZ J\V[HZ KL WHY[PJPWHJP}U WYV]PLUL KL SH I‚ZX\LKH KL SH LX\PKHK J\`H UVJP}U SPILYHS JSmZPJH OHJxH YLMLYLUJPH H PN\HSKHK KL VWVY[\UPKHKLZ PN\HSKHK JVTWL[P[P]H ]LYIPNYHJPH SH JVUJLZP}U KLS KLYLJOV HS Z\MYHNPV SV J\HS LYH Z\ÄJPLU[L LS YLZ[V X\LKHIH LU THUVZ KL SHZ T\QLYLZ (J[\HSTLU[L LZH LX\PKHK ZL JVUJPIL JVTV PN\HSKHK KL YLZ\S[HKVZ KVUKL SH PN\HSKHK KL VWVY[\UPKHKLZ UV LZ Z}SV LSPTPUHY IHYYLYHZ MVYTHSLZ JVTV ZL WYVJSHTH LU SVZ TV]PTPLU[VZ MLTPUPZ[HZ :VU SHZ J\V[HZ ` V[YHZ TLKPKHZ WVZP[P]HZ \U TLKPV WHYH SVNYHY LZ[H PN\HSKHK 5V W\LKL HSJHUaHYZL SH PN\HSKHK TLKPHU[L [YH[HTPLU[V LX\P[H[P]V MVYTHS `H X\L ZP L_PZ[LU VIZ[mJ\SVZ WVY JVUZPN\PLU[L KLILYmU PU[YVK\JPYZL TLKPKHZ KL JVTWLUZHJP}U WHYH HSJHUaHY LZH PN\HSKHK KL YLZ\S[HKVZ 4LKPHU[L SH 3L` 5V KLS KL UV]PLTIYL KL ZL YLMVYT} LS HY[xJ\SV KL U\LZ[YV *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS KL THULYH X\L ZL VISPNH H SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ H PUJS\PY LU Z\Z LZ[H[\[VZ SVZ TLJHUPZTVZ ULJLZHYPVZ WHYH HZLN\YHY SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL SHZ T\QLYLZ LU \U WVYJLU[HQL KLS LU SH LZ[Y\J[\YH WHY[PKHYPH LU SHZ WHWLSL[HZ WHYH SVZ W\LZ[VZ KL LSLJJP}U WVW\SHY ` LU SHZ KLSLNHJPVULZ KL SHZ HZHTISLHZ KPZ[YP[HSLZ JHU[VUHSLZ ` WYV]PUJPHSLZ ,S ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ JVTV NHYHU[L KL SH SLNHSPKHK LU TH[LYPH LSLJ[VYHS WYVJ\YH X\L SHZ UVYTHZ Q\YxKPJHZ UHJPVUHSLZ L PU[LYUHJPVUHSLZ [LUKPLU[LZ H MVTLU[HY SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U MLTLUPUH ZLHU LMLJ[P]HTLU[L HJH[HKHZ WVY SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ WVY SV X\L LU MVYTH \UmUPTL OH ZPKV JVU[LZ[L LU LS LQLYJPJPV KL HJJPVULZ HÄYTH[P]HZ (Zx TLKPHU[L SHZ YLZVS\JPVULZ 5V KL SHZ ! OVYHZ KLS KL ZL[PLTIYL ` 5V KL SHZ ! OVYHZ KLS KL KPJPLTIYL HTIHZ KL LS ;YPI\UHS PU[LYWYL[} ]xH Q\YPZWY\KLUJPHS LS ZPZ[LTH KL J\V[HZ KL WHY[PJPWHJP}U MLTLUPUH PTWSLTLU[HKV LU U\LZ[YH SLNPZSHJP}U LZWLJxÄJHTLU[L SVZ HY[xJ\SVZ PUJPZV U ` ,U NLULYHS W\LKL JP[HYZL SH ZPN\PLU[L UVYTH[P]H! HY[Z ` KL SH *VUZ[P[\JP}U 7VSx[PJH" HY[ KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS" 3L` KL SH 7YVTVJP}U :VJPHS KL SH 4\QLY" HY[ KL SH +LJSHYHJP}U (TLYPJHUH KL SVZ +LYLJOVZ ` +LILYLZ KLS /VTIYL" HY[Z ` KL SH +LJSHYHJP}U <UP]LYZHS KL SVZ +LYLJOVZ /\THUVZ" HY[Z ` I KLS 7HJ[V 0U[LYUHJPVUHS KL +LYLJOVZ *P]PSLZ ` 7VSx[PJVZ" *VU]LUJP}U 0U[LYHTLYPJHUH ZVIYL *VUJLZP}U KL SVZ +LYLJOVZ *P]PSLZ KL SH 4\QLY" HY[ KL SH *VU]LUJP}U ZVIYL SVZ +LYLJOVZ 7VSx[PJVZ KL SH 4\QLY" HY[ PUJPZV M KL SH *VU]LUJP}U ZVIYL SH ,SPTPUHJP}U KL ;VKHZ SHZ -VYTHZ KL +PZJYPTPUHJP}U JVU[YH SH 4\QLY" *VU]LUJP}U 0U[LYHTLYPJHUH WHYH WYL]LUPY ZHUJPVUHY ` LYYHKPJHY SH ]PVSLUJPH JVU[YH SH T\QLY

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LAS CUOTAS DE PARTICIPACIÓN POLÍTICA DE LA MUJER EN COSTA RICA, 1996-2005

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NÚMERO 1 / PRIMER SEMESTRE 2006

79


Arlette Bolaños Barquero

SH T\QLY LU WYVWVYJP}U H Z\ U‚TLYV KLU[YV KLS 7HKY}U ,SLJ[VYHS ` H ZH[PZMHJJP}U KL LZ[L VYNHUPZTV LSLJ[VYHS LZ[HZ TLKPKHZ W\LKLU JLZHY ,Z JSHYH SH PU[LUJP}U KL SH UVYTH KL NHYHU[PaHY LS WVYJLU[HQL KL WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL SHZ T\QLYLZ LU SHZ KLSLNHJPVULZ X\L ZL PU[LNYHU H WHY[PY KL SHZ HZHTISLHZ KPZ[YP[HSLZ 3H MYHZL ¸SHZ KLSLNHJPVULZ KL¹ Z}SV W\LKL LU[LUKLYZL JVTV ZPU}UPTV KL ¸Z\YNPKHZ LU¹ WVY ZLY L]PKLU[L X\L ZL YLN\SH SV YLSH[P]V H SH JVTWVZPJP}U KL SHZ YLWYLZLU[HJPVULZ KLZPNUHKHZ LU LS ZLUV KL JHKH \UH KL SHZ HZHTISLHZ KPZ[YP[HSLZ JHU[VUHSLZ ` WYV]PUJPHSLZ 3H H\ZLUJPH SLNHS KL \UH YLMLYLUJPH LZWLJxÄJH H SHZ (ZHTISLHZ 5HJPVUHSLZ YLZWHSKH LZ[H PU[LYWYL[HJP}U UV Z}SV WVYX\L LU LSSHZ UV ZL YLHSPaH LSLJJP}U HSN\UH KL KLSLNHKVZ ZPUV [HTIPtU WVYX\L Z\ PU[LNYHJP}U LZ[m JVUKPJPVUHKH WVY SH JVUMVYTHJP}U KL SHZ KLSLNHJPVULZ KL SHZ HZHTISLHZ WYLJLKLU[LZ X\L KLILU Z\QL[HYZL H SH J\V[H KL WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL SHZ T\QLYLZ ,Z[L HUmSPZPZ HYTVUPaH [HTIPtU JVU SH UH[\YHSLaH KL SHZ HZHTISLHZ KPZ[YP[HSLZ LU SHZ X\L WHY[PJPWHU SVZ TPSP[HU[LZ WHY[PKHYPVZ V ZPTWH[PaHU[LZ KL SH HNY\WHJP}U WVSx[PJH KL \U KL[LYTPUHKV KPZ[YP[V JVU]PY[PtUKVZL HZx LU \UH VWJP}U SPIYL X\L MHJPSP[H \UH KPUmTPJH KPYLJ[H HTWSPH ` LMLJ[P]H JVUMVYTL ZL OH KLÄUPKV LU SHZ YLZVS\JPVULZ KL LZ[L ;YPI\UHS 3H PTWVZPJP}U KL J\V[HZ LU LZ[HZ HZHTISLHZ H[LU[HYxH JVU[YH Z\ WYVWPH UH[\YHSLaH LS WYPUJPWPV KL SPIYL WHY[PJPWHJP}U WVSx[PJH HKLTmZ KL VISPNHY H \UH PUKLIPKH PU[LYWYL[HJP}U KLS HY[xJ\SV HS JVUK\JPY HS HIZ\YKV KL X\L WHYH Z\ JLSLIYHJP}U KLIL WYPTLYV WYVJLKLYZL H SH KLZPNUHJP}U KL SVZ KLSLNHKVZ¯¹ ,S YLZHS[HKV UV LZ KLS VYPNPUHS (Zx ]LTVZ JVTV X\LKH LZ[HISLJPKV X\L LZL LU J\HU[V H SHZ WHWLSL[HZ KPW\[HKPSLZ ` T\UPJPWHSLZ KLIL LZ[HY LU W\LZ[VZ LSLNPISLZ ` X\L LU SHZ KLSLNHJPVULZ X\L ZL PU[LNYLU LU JHKH HZHTISLH H WHY[PY KL SHZ KPZ[YP[HSLZ KLIL YLZWL[HYZL LU MVYTH PUKP]PK\HS ` UV NSVIHS ,Z KL 3H WHY[L KPZWVZP[P]H KL SH YLZVS\JP}U 5V LZ[HISLJL! ¸,S J\HYLU[H WVY JPLU[V KL WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL SHZ T\QLYLZ LU SHZ WHWLSL[HZ WHYH SH LSLJJP}U KL KPW\[HKVZ YLNPKVYLZ ` ZxUKPJVZ KLIL ZLY LU W\LZ[VZ LSLNPISLZ :L THU[PLUL SV YLZ\LS[V LU LZH ZLZP}U LU J\HU[V H SH KLZPNUHJP}U KL KLSLNHKVZ KL SHZ HZHTISLHZ KPZ[YP[HSLZ JHU[VUHSLZ ` WYV]PUJPHSLZ :L HJSHYH LU LS ZLU[PKV KL X\L LS J\HYLU[H WVY JPLU[V KL J\V[H MLTLUPUH KLIL YLZWL[HYZL LU JHKH HZHTISLH ` UV LU MVYTH NSVIHS 7VY TH`VYxH ZL KPZWVUL X\L SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ [PLULU SH PULS\KPISL VISPNHJP}U KL YLZWL[HY ZPLTWYL SVZ WHYmTL[YVZ PUKPJHKVZ WHYH SHZ WHWLSL[HZ KL KPW\[HKVZ YLNPKVYLZ ` ZxUKPJVZ ,Z[L ;YPI\UHS KLJSPUH Z\ JVTWL[LUJPH WHYH YLNSHTLU[HY SVZ TLJHUPZTVZ YLSH[P]VZ H SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL SHZ T\QLYLZ WLYV PTWVUL H JHKH WHY[PKV WVSx[PJV SH VISPNHJP}U KL PUJVYWVYHY LU Z\Z LZ[H[\[VZ HU[LZ KL SHZ WY}_PTHZ KLZPNUHJPVULZ KL KLSLNHKVZ KL SHZ HZHTISLHZ ` KL JHUKPKH[VZ WHYH SHZ WHWLSL[HZ KL KPW\[HKVZ YLNPKVYLZ ` ZxUKPJVZ SVZ HQ\Z[LZ ULJLZHYPVZ WHYH NHYHU[PaHY LMLJ[P]HTLU[L SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL SHZ T\QLYLZ LU SH MVYTH ` WVYJLU[HQLZ HX\x KPZW\LZ[VZ ,S 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS UV PUZJYPIPYm SHZ U}TPUHZ KL LZ[VZ JHUKPKH[VZ J\HUKV UV ZL HQ\Z[LU H LZ[VZ WHYmTL[YVZ ;HTWVJV HJYLKP[HYm SHZ YLMVYTHZ LZ[H[\[HYPHZ UP SHZ HJ[HZ KL SHZ HZHTISLHZ J\HUKV KL tZ[HZ V KLS PUMVYTL KL SVZ KLSLNHKVZ KL LZ[L ;YPI\UHS ZL KL[LYTPUL X\L UV ZL J\TWSP} JVU SV LZ[HISLJPKV ,S ;YPI\UHS ZL YLZLY]H Z\ KLYLJOV H ÄZJHSPaHY WVY SVZ KPMLYLU[LZ TLJHUPZTVZ SLNHSLZ LS LMLJ[P]V J\TWSPTPLU[V KL SV HJVYKHKV 3H YLTPZP}U HS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS OLJOH WVY LS HY[xJ\SV KL SH 3L` KL 7YVTVJP}U KL SH 0N\HSKHK :VJPHS KL SH 4\QLY LU SH HJ[\HSPKHK JHYLJL KL JVU[LUPKV ¹ 3H YLZVS\JP}U 5V HKPJPVUH ` HJSHYH SH YLZVS\JP}U LU LZ[VZ [tYTPUVZ! ¸ ,U YLSHJP}U H SHZ WHWLSL[HZ KPW\[HKPSLZ KLIL LU[LUKLYZL WVY W\LZ[V LSLNPISL HX\tS X\L ZL HZPNUH H \UH WLYZVUH JVU WVZPIPSPKHKLZ YLHSLZ KL ZLY LSLJ[V ` LSSV KLIL ZLY JVUZPKLYHKV PUKP]PK\HSTLU[L LU SH JVUMVYTHJP}U KL SHZ WHWLSL[HZ KL JHKH WYV]PUJPH 3VZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ VISPNHKVZ H PTWSLTLU[HY LS ZPZ[LTH J\V[HZ KL WHY[PJPWHJP}U MLTLUPUH KLILYmU JVUZPKLYHY X\L LS WVYJLU[HQL KLS J\HYLU[H WVY JPLU[V LZ \U TxUPTV X\L JVTV [HS W\LKL PUJYLTLU[HYZL LU MH]VY KL LZH YLWYLZLU[HJP}U WLYV UV KPZTPU\PYZL 9LZWLJ[V KL SHZ HZHTISLHZ KPZ[YP[HSLZ OH KL LU[LUKLYZL X\L \UH JVZH LZ LS X\}Y\T WHYH Z\ YLHSPaHJP}U LU LS X\L WVKYxH UV OHILY T\QLYLZ ` V[YH SH KLZPNUHJP}U KL KLSLNHKVZ LU KVUKL ULJLZHYPHTLU[L KLILU ZLY LSLJ[HZ KVZ T\QLYLZ 7HYH SH PUZJYPWJP}U KL \U WHY[PKV WVSx[PJV HKLTmZ KL \UH HZHTISLH WVY JHKH KPZ[YP[V SHZ KLSLNHJPVULZ X\L Z\YQHU KL LSSHZ KLILU HQ\Z[HYZL HS WVYJLU[HQL KL WHY[PJPWHJP}U MLTLUPUH JVTV YLX\PZP[V KL ]HSPKLa ,S WHY[PKV WVSx[PJV LZ[m VISPNHKV H MVTLU[HY \UH J\S[\YH KLTVJYm[PJH ` WHY[PJPWH[P]H X\L OHNH WVZPISL SH PUJVYWVYHJP}U KL SHZ T\QLYLZ¹

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LAS CUOTAS DE PARTICIPACIร N POLร TICA DE LA MUJER EN COSTA RICA, 1996-2005

LZWLYHY X\L LS LMLJ[P]V J\TWSPTPLU[V KL LZ[HZ KPZWVZPJPVULZ LSL]LU LS UP]LS YLHS KL HJJLZV KL SHZ T\QLYLZ H JHYNVZ KL LSLJJP}U WVW\SHY LS J\HS ZL OH ]LUPKV PUJYLTLU[HUKV KL THULYH JVUZ[HU[L H\UX\L LU YP[TV SLU[V ( THULYH KL LQLTWSV LU SHZ LSLJJPVULZ SLNPZSH[P]HZ KL YLZ\S[HYVU LSLJ[HZ KPW\[HKHZ LU SHZ KL M\LYVU LU LS Uย TLYV HZJLUKP} H LU M\LYVU SHZ T\QLYLZ X\L VI[\]PLYVU \UH J\Y\S ` LU SH JVTWVZPJP}U HJ[\HS Z}SV OH` SLNPZSHKVYHZ ,Z[L ย S[PTV Uย TLYV HWLUHZ YLWYLZLU[H \U KLS [V[HS KL KPW\[HKVZ H SH (ZHTISLH 3LNPZSH[P]H SV J\HS LZ WVJV ZP ZL JVUZPKLYH X\L SHZ T\QLYLZ JVUMVYTHU WYmJ[PJHTLU[L SH TP[HK KLS WHKY}U UHJPVUHS LSLJ[VYHS ` X\L JHKH ]La ZVU TmZ SHZ T\QLYLZ JHWHJP[HKHZ WHYH KLZLTWL|HY JHYNVZ KL LZ[H xUKVSL PN\HSTLU[L LZ JSHYV X\L LU SHZ \UP]LYZPKHKLZ UHJPVUHSLZ LS Uย TLYV KL T\QLYLZ LZ[\KPHU[LZ Z\WLYH HS KL OVTIYLZ 9LJPLU[LTLU[L LS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ ZPLUKV JVU[LZ[L JVU Z\ SxULH Q\YPZWY\KLUJPHS KPZW\ZV SH PUZJYPWJP}U KLS 7HY[PKV 5\L]H 3PNH -LTPUPZ[H JVTV WHY[PKV WVSx[PJV WYV]PUJPHS WVY SH WYV]PUJPH KL :HU 1VZt WHYH SH JVU[PLUKH LSLJ[VYHS KLS ` KL[LYTPU} LU SHZ JVUZPKLYHJPVULZ X\L SV SSL]HYVU H HYYPIHY H Z\ KLJPZP}U SV ZPN\PLU[L! ยธ7YPTLYV! ,S KL SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL SH T\QLY WYL]PZ[V LU SH UVYTH[P]H LSLJ[VYHS LZ \U TxUPTV ` UV \U Tm_PTV ,S YLJVUVJPTPLU[V KL SH KLZPN\HSKHK X\L OPZ[}YPJHTLU[L OH L_PZ[PKV LU[YL T\QLYLZ ` OVTIYLZ LU LS mTIP[V WVSx[PJV LSLJ[VYHS OH PTW\SZHKV SH W\LZ[H LU THYJOH KL SV X\L ZL JVUVJLU JVTV HJJPVULZ WVZP[P]HZ WVY WHY[L KLS ,Z[HKV X\L WYL[LUKLU HSJHUaHY \UH ZP[\HJP}U KL PN\HSKHK YLHS <UH KL LZ[HZ HJJPVULZ M\L SH PUJVYWVYHJP}U LU SH UVYTH[P]H LSLJ[VYHS KL \UH J\V[H KL WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL SH T\QLY KL HS TLUVZ \U LU SHZ KLZPNUHJPVULZ X\L YLZ\S[LU KL SHZ HZHTISLHZ KPZ[YP[HSLZ JHU[VUHSLZ ` WYV]PUJPHSLZ ,ZH J\V[H KL WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL SH T\QLY ZLNย U ZL LZ[HISLJL KL SH ZPTWSL SLJ[\YH KLS WmYYHMV ร UHS KLS HY[xJ\SV LZ \U WVYJLU[HQL TxUPTV ` UV \U Tm_PTV HS PUKPJHY X\L ยธ3HZ KLSLNHJPVULZ KL SHZ HZHTISLHZ KPZ[YP[HSLZ JHU[VUHSLZ ` WYV]PUJPHSLZ KLILYmU LZ[HY JVUMVYTHKHZ HS TLUVZ WVY \U J\HYLU[H WVY JPLU[V KL T\QLYLZยน 3H MYHZL ยธHS TLUVZยน LZ SH X\L WLYTP[L LU[LUKLY ZPU S\NHY H K\KHZ X\L LZL WVYJLU[HQL LZ \U TxUPTV WVY LUKL W\LKL PUJYLTLU[HYZL KL HJ\LYKV H SVZ PU[LYLZLZ V ULJLZPKHKLZ KL JHKH HNY\WHJP}U WVSx[PJH JVU IHZL LU LS WYPUJPWPV KL H\[VYYLN\SHJP}U WHY[PKHYPH ZPU X\L SH UVYTH LZ[HISLaJH \U [VWL V Tm_PTV KL LZH WHY[PJPWHJP}U JVTV Zx SV OHJL H JVU[YHYPV ZLUZ\ JVU YLZWLJ[V H SVZ OVTIYLZ W\LZ Z\ WHY[PJPWHJP}U UV WVKYxH Z\WLYHY LS 0UJS\ZV H WLZHY KL X\L SH UVYTH[P]H LSLJ[VYHS UV LZ[HISLJL \U WVYJLU[HQL Tm_PTV WHYH SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL SH T\QLY SV JPLY[V LZ X\L LZ[L ;YPI\UHS TLKPHU[L YLZVS\JP}U M\UKHKH WVKYxH JVYYLNPY LZH ZP[\HJP}U ` L_PTPY HS WHY[PKV WVSx[PJV KLS J\TWSPTPLU[V KL LZH J\V[H J\HUKV JVUZPKLYL X\L LZH WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL SH T\QLY ZL HSJHUa} KL THULYH ZH[PZMHJ[VYPH [YHUZP[VYPV KLS WmYYHMV ย S[PTV KLS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS ,Z[H KPZJ\ZP}U [HTIPtU ZL NLULY} H SV PU[LYUV KL SH ยธ*VTPZP}U ,ZWLJPHS 4P_[H WHYH -VYT\SHY +PJ[HTPUHY ` 9LJVTLUKHY SH 3LNPZSHJP}U 5LJLZHYPH LU 4H[LYPH ,SLJ[VYHSยน L_WLKPLU[L Uย TLYV LU KVUKL M\L L]PKLU[L SH PU[LUJP}U X\L L_PZ[P} LU LS

9LZVS\JP}U KLS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ 5V , KL SHZ ! KLS KL HNVZ[V KLS

Nร MERO 1 / PRIMER SEMESTRE 2006

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Edgar Herrera Loaiza Enrique Villalobos Quirós

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=LY LU LZ[L ZLU[PKV YLZVS\JP}U KLS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ =LY [HTIPtU SVZ HY[xJ\SVZ ` KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS =LY HY[xJ\SVZ ` KLS *}KPNV 4\UPJPWHS

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Edgar Herrera Loaiza Enrique Villalobos Quirós

LU PN\HSKHK KL JVUKPJPVULZ ` ZPU KPZ[PUJP}U HSN\UH WVY SV X\L LS Z\MYHNPV TH[PaHKV JVU \U HKLJ\HKV LQLYJPJPV KL SH YLWYLZLU[HJP}U KLTVJYm[PJH ZL WLYÄSH JVTV LS PKLHS KL [VKV PUKP]PK\V JVIPQHKV WVY KPJOV ZPZ[LTH Z}SV Z\WLYHKV WVY LS TVKLSV HU[PN\V KL SHZ JP\KHKLZ NYPLNHZ

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BIBLIOGRAFÍA CONSULTADA (J[HZ KL SH (ZHTISLH 5HJPVUHS *VUZ[P[\`LU[L KL ;VTV 000 (N\PSHY )\SNHYLSSP 6ZJHY ,]VS\JP}U 7VSx[PJV *VUZ[P[\JPVUHS KL *VZ[H 9PJH ,KP[VYPHS 3LOTHUU WmNZ (SMHYV 9HTVZ 1VOUU` (YH`H 7VJOL[ *HYSVZ 3H ,]VS\JP}U KLS Z\MYHNPV LU *VZ[H 9PJH ;VTV 0 ;LZPZ WHYH VW[HY WVY LS NYHKV KL 3PJLUJPH[\YH LU +LYLJOV <*9 WmNZ )VSH|VZ )HYX\LYV (YSL[[L 3HZ J\V[HZ KL WHY[PJPWHJP}U WVSx[PJH ` SH PUJS\ZP}U KL SHZ T\QLYLZ LU SH ]PKH W ISPJH LU *VZ[H 9PJH (U[VSVNxH KL +LYLJOV ,SLJ[VYHS WmNZ *HIHULSSHZ KL ;VYYLZ .\PSSLYTV +PJJPVUHYPV 1\YxKPJV ,SLTLU[HS ,KP[VYPHS /LSPHZ[H : 9 3 WmN *LU[YV KL (ZLZVYxH ` 7YVTVJP}U ,SLJ[VYHS *(7,3 +PJJPVUHYPV ,SLJ[VYHS ;VTV 0 WmNZ -HSSHZ =LNH ,SLUH 9HTxYLa (S[HTPYHUV 4HYPUH *VUZ[P[\JP}U 7VSx[PJH KL SH 9LW ISPJH KL *VZ[H 9PJH (UV[H JVUJVYKHKH ` JVU Q\YPZWY\KLUJPH JVUZ[P[\JPVUHS ;VTVZ 0 ` 00 0U]LZ[PNHJPVULZ 1\YxKPJHZ /LYUmUKLa =HSSL 9\ItU +LYLJOV ,SLJ[VYHS *VZ[HYYPJLUZL ,KP[VYPHS 1\YPJLU[YV WmNZ /LYUmUKLa =HSSL 9\ItU ,S 9tNPTLU 1\YxKPJV KL SVZ +LYLJOVZ -\UKHTLU[HSLZ LU *VZ[H 9PJH ,KP[VYPHS 1\YPJLU[YV WmNZ /LYUmUKLa =HSSL 9\ItU +LTVJYHJPH ` 7HY[PJPWHJP}U 7VSx[PJH ,KP[VYPHS 1\YPJLU[YV WmNZ

/LYUmUKLa =HSSL 9\ItU 3HZ SPILY[HKLZ 7 ISPJHZ LU *VZ[H 9PJH ,KP[VYPHS 1\YPJLU[YV WmNZ H 7PJHKV 3L}U /\NV 4VU[V`H :mUJOLa >HYULY *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS (J[\HSPaHKV ` JVUJVYKHKV 0U]LZ[PNHJPVULZ Q\YxKPJHZ 9PI} +\YmU 3\PZ +PJJPVUHYPV KL +LYLJOV ,KP[VYPHS )VZJO

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9P]LYH )\Z[HTLU[L ;PYaH ,]VS\JP}U KL SVZ +LYLJOVZ 7VSx[PJVZ KL SH 4\QLY LU *VZ[H 9PJH +PYLJJP}U KL 7\ISPJHJPVULZ 4PUPZ[LYPV KL *\S[\YH 1\]LU[\K ` +LWVY[LZ WmNZ :mLUa *HYIVULSS 1VYNL ,S +LZWLY[HY *VUZ[P[\JPVUHS KL *VZ[H 9PJH ,KP[VYPHS 3PIYV 3PIYL WmNZ

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HȐɕȐ͌Ǹ

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SOBRADO GONZร LEZ , LUIS ANTONIO. 3H Q\Z[PJPH LSLJ[VYHS LU *VZ[H 9PJH. San Josรฉ, C.R. : Investigaciones Jurรญdicas, 2005. 137 pรกgs.

Prรณlogo del libro bro ,S +Y 3\PZ (U[VUPV :VIYHKV .VUamSLa 4HNPZ[YHKV WYVWPL[HYPV KLS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ TL LUJVTLUK} WYLZLU[HY H SVZ SLJ[VYLZ LS SPIYV X\L YLJPLU[LTLU[L OH LZJYP[V ` HS X\L OH PU[P[\SHKV 3( 1<:;0*0( ,3,*;69(3 ,5 *6:;( 90*( iZ[L LZ \U LUJHYNV X\L TL OVUYH WVY WHY[PKH KVISL UV Z}SV WVY JVUVJLY KL JLYJH SH LUVYTL ]HSxH PU[LSLJ[\HS KLS H\[VY ZPUV [HTIPtU WVYX\L LZ[L [L_[V JVTWY\LIH \UH ]La TmZ SH MHJPSPKHK KLS +Y :VIYHKV .VUamSLa WHYH L_WVULZ JVU \U SLUN\HQL ZLUJPSSV L PU[LSPNPISL H\U X\L UV KLZWYV]PZ[V KLS UP]LS [tJUPJV PUKPZWLUZHISL SH [LVYxH H]H[HYLZ ` L_WLYPLUJPHZ X\L OHU ]LUPKV KLSPULHUKV LS WLYร S HJ[\HS KL SH Q\YPZKPJJP}U LSLJ[VYHS HZx JVTV LS TVKV WHY[PJ\SHY X\L LS KLZHYYVSSV Q\YxKPJV L OPZ[}YPJV OH OLJOV X\L HZ\TH SH Q\Z[PJPH LSLJ[VYHS JVZ[HYYPJLUZL ,U LMLJ[V JVUZLJ\LU[L JVU Z\ SHYNH [YH`LJ[VYPH JVTV KVJLU[L ` *VVYKPUHKVY KL SH *m[LKYH KL +LYLJOV *VUZ[P[\JPVUHS KL SH -HJ\S[HK KL +LYLJOV KL SH <UP]LYZPKHK KL *VZ[H 9PJH LS H\[VY UVZ VMYLJL \U PU[LYLZHU[L ` Z\JPU[V WHUVYHTH KL SH Q\Z[PJPH LSLJ[VYHS ` KL SVZ }YNHUVZ LUJHYNHKV KL PTWHY[PYSH +L SH TPZTH THULYH JVU H\[VYPaHKV [VKV KPKmJ[PJV X\L LTWLYV UV ZHJYPร JH LS YPNVY L_WVZP[P]V SL VMYLJL HS SLJ[VY \UH KL[HSSHKH ` TPU\JPVZH KLZJYPWJP}U KL SVZ KPMLYLU[LZ PUZ[P[\[VZ KL KLYLJOV TLKPHU[L SVZ J\HSLZ ]P]L ZL HY[PJ\SH ` YLHSPaH SH Q\Z[PJPH LSLJ[VYHS JVZ[HYYPJLUZL `LUKV KLZKL SH KLTHUKH KL U\SPKHK OHZ[H LS YLJ\YZV KL HTWHYV LSLJ[VYHS PU[LYLZHU[L ร N\YH KL J\|V LTPULU[LTLU[L Q\YPZWY\KLUJPHS J\`HZ JHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZ Q\YxKPJHZ ` WYmJ[PJHZ LS +Y :VIYHKV .VUamSLa YL[YH[H JVU SH ZPUN\SHY WLYZWPJHJPH KLS Q\La LSLJ[VYHS ` KLS WYVMLZVY \UP]LYZP[HYPV 5V VTP[L LZ[L ]HSPVZV SPIYV PU[LYLZHU[LZ YLMLYLUJPHZ HS YLJ\YZV KL HWLSHJP}U JVU[YH SVZ HJ[VZ KL SH HKTPUPZ[YHJP}U LSLJ[VYHS PUMLYPVZ HS WYVJLKPTPLU[V YLJ\YZP]V KLS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS H SH HJJP}U K U\SPKHK ` H SH KLU\UJPH WVY WHYJPHSPKHK WVSx[PJH 6[YV HJPLY[V X\L KLIL HW\U[mYZLSL HS [L_[V KLS H\[VY LZ LS YLSH[P]V H HUmSPZPZ KL SH Q\YPZWY\KLUJPH LSLJ[VYHS LU LS X\L LZ HIZVS\[HTLU[L WPVULYH [HU[V LU SV X\L YLZWLJ[H H SH L_WSPJHJP}U KL Z\ M\UKHTLU[V VYNmUPJV JVTV LU SV YLSHJPVUHKV JVU LS HIVYKHQL KL SVZ }YNHUVZ Q\YPZKPJJPVUHSLZ JVU MHJ\S[HKLZ WHYH JYLHYSH \ SH J\LZ[P}U KL SH PUKPZWLUZHISL JVOLYLUJPH

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OLYTLUt\[PJH X\L tZ[VZ KLILU VIZLY]HY J\HUKV LZ[HISLJLU J\mS LZ LS YLJ[V ZLU[PKV KL SHZ UVYTHZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ <UH W\U[\HS YLMLYLUJPH H SVZ PUZ[Y\TLU[VZ L_WHUZP]VZ X\L JVU[YPI\`LU H SH KPM\ZP}U HWSPJHJP}U ` THU[LUPTPLU[V KL SHZ ZLU[LUJPHZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ J\STPUH THNPZ[YHSTLU[L LZ[L HWHY[L ` SL KH VWVY[\UPKHK HS H\[VY WHY KLSPULHY \U IYL]L KPNLZ[V LSLJ[VYHS X\L YLZ\TL SVZ MHSSVZ TmZ JVUZWPJ\VZ ` YLSL]HU[LZ LU LZ[H TH[LYPH ,U YLZ\TLU ` ZLN\YV KL X\L LU IYL]L LZ[L [L_[V ZL JVU]LY[PYm LU [LTH KL VISPNHKH JVUZ\S[H WHYH LS SLJ[VY J\S[V LS LZ[\KPHU[L SVZ WVSP[}SVNVZ SVZ HIVNHKVZ SVZ TPSP[HU[LZ WHY[PKPZ[HZ ` [VKV LS X\L KLZLL LU[LYHYZL KL THULYH JVUJPZH ` M\UKHKH KL SV X\L OHJL SH Q\Z[PJPH LSLJ[VYHS J}TV WVY X\t ` WHYH X\t SV OHJL T\` ZH[PZMLJOV ` JVTWSHJPKV PU]P[V HS SLJ[VY H YLJVYYLY LZ[HZ WmNPUHZ X\L H UV K\KHYSV HYYVQHU S\a ZVIYL \U [LTH ImZPJV X\L OHZ[H HOVYH OH ZPKV KLS L_JS\ZP]V KVTPUPV KL SVZ LZWLJPHSPZ[HZ

Oscar Fonseca Montoya PRESIDENTE

Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones

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(5,?6:



ANEXO

ร NDICE SOBRE JURISPRUDENCIA ELECTORAL RELEVANTE COMPETENCIAS DEL TRIBUNAL SUPREMO DE ELECCIONES

H +LSPTP[HJP}U KL JVTWL[LUJPHZ ;:, ]Z :HSH *VUZ[P[\JPVUHS! 444-1992 Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZVZ KL HWLSHJP}U WYVTV]PKVZ WVY 4HY]PU 9VKYxN\La =HYLSH ` 1VZt 4PN\LS *VYYHSLZ )VSH|VZ LU Z\ JVUKPJP}U KL TPLTIYVZ KLS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS ` *HYSVZ 4HU\LS *HZ[PSSV 4VYHSLZ :H\S >LPZSLKLY >LPZSLKLY ` >HS[LY *V[V 4VSPUH LU JHSPKHK KL 7YLZPKLU[L ;LZVYLYV ` :LJYL[HYPV .LULYHS KLS TPZTV WHY[PKV JVU[YH SH YLZVS\JP}U U ยข KPJ[HKH WVY LS ZL|VY +PYLJ[VY .LULYHS KLS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS 2150-92, Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia 9LJ\YZV KL HTWHYV WYLZLU[HKV WVY .\PSSLYTV :HUKV]HS (N\PSHY ` 4HYJLSV 7YPL[V 1PTtULa JVU[YH LS :LJYL[HYPV .LULYHS KLS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS LU KVUKL ZL KLJSHYH SH U\SPKHK KL SHZ LSLJJPVULZ KPZ[YP[HSLZ KLS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS 3194-92, Sala Constitucional. (JJP}U KL PUJVUZ[P[\JPVUHSPKHK PU[LYW\LZ[H WVY LS ZL|VY 0ZHHJ -LSPWL (aVMLPMH )VSH|VZ 7YLZPKLU[L YLWYLZLU[HU[L Q\KPJPHS ` L_[YHQ\KPJPHS KLS 7HY[PKV KLS 7YVNYLZV JVU[YH LS HY[xJ\SV 0UJ K KL SH 3L` KL SH 1\YPZKPJJP}U *VUZ[P[\JPVUHS KL KL VJ[\IYL KL L_JS\`L KLS YLJ\YZV KL HTWHYV ยธSVZ HJ[VZ V KPZWVZPJPVULZ KLS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ LU TH[LYPH LSLJ[VYHSยน WVY JVUZPKLYHYSV JVU[YHYPV HS HY[xJ\SV KL SH *VUZ[P[\JP}U 7VSx[PJH Resumen: :PLUKV X\L LU LS ZPZ[LTH JVUZ[P[\JPVUHS JVZ[HYYPJLUZL L_PZ[LU KVZ }YNHUVZ LZ[H[HSLZ X\L KHU UHJPTPLU[V H SH Q\YPZWY\KLUJPH LSLJ[VYHS SH ZLU[LUJPH LU J\LZ[P}U WYL[LUKL JVUJPSPHY SH WVZPIPSPKHK KL MHSSVZ HU[HN}UPJVZ! YLJVUVJL SH JHWHJPKHK KL SH :HSH *VUZ[P[\JPVUHS KL JVUVJLY SHZ HJJPVULZ KL PUJVUZ[P[\JPVUHSPKHK JVU[YH SHZ UVYTHZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ WLYV KL[LYTPUH SH PTWYVJLKLUJPH KL X\L HX\tSSH ร ZJHSPJL SHZ PU[LYWYL[HJPVULZ ]PUJ\SHU[LZ X\L OHNH LS ;:, KLS VYKLUHTPLU[V LSLJ[VYHS 3H YLZVS\JP}U [HTIPtU YLWHZH SHZ JVTWL[LUJPHZ JVUZ[P[\JPVUHSLZ KLS ;:, 2004-8466, Sala Constitucional. (JJP}U KL PUJVUZ[P[\JPVUHSPKHK WYVTV]PKH WVY (UKYtZ 8\PU[HUH *H]HSSPUP LU JHSPKHK KL 7YLZPKLU[L KL SH *mTHYH 5HJPVUHS KL 9HKPV KL *VZ[H 9PJH *(5(9( " JVU[YH SH Q\YPZWY\KLUJPH LZ[HISLJPKH WVY LS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ TLKPHU[L LS ]V[V Uย TLYV , KL SHZ ! OVYHZ KLS KL KPJPLTIYL KLS

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ANEXO

Competencia del TSE en supervisiรณn de debates. 2002-29, Sala Constitucional. 9LJ\YZV KL HTWHYV WSHU[LHKV WVY 7PSHY *PZULYVZ L 0NUHJPV :HU[VZ LU JVU[YH KLS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ 3VZ YLJ\YYLU[LZ JVUZPKLYHU JVU[YHYPH H SH *VUZ[P[\JP}U ` SLZP]H H ]HYPVZ KLYLJOVZ M\UKHTLU[HSLZ SH YLZVS\JP}U KLS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ X\L LZ[HISLJP} X\L [VKVZ SVZ JHUKPKH[VZ [LUxHU KLYLJOV H WHY[PJPWHY LU LS KLIH[L WYLZPKLUJPH WYVNYHTHKV WVY *HUHS WHYH LS ZPL[L KL LULYV KL Resumen: ,U WYVJ\YH KL \UH TH`VY LX\PKHK LU SVZ WYVJLZVZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ LS ;YPI\UHS LZ[HISLJP} LS KLYLJOV KL [VKVZ SVZ JHUKPKH[VZ WYLZPKLUJPHSLZ H WHY[PJPWHY LU SVZ KLIH[LZ Wย ISPJVZ X\L ZL VYNHUPaHYHU KLU[YV KLS WYVJLZV LSLJ[VYHS YLZVS\JP}U U ยข , 3H YLZVS\JP}U KL SH :HSH *VUZ[P[\JPVUHS H]HS} SH JVTWL[LUJPH KLS ;YPI\UHS WHYH HKVW[HY [HS TLKPKH OHJPLUKV WHYH LSSV \U LZ[\KPV KL SH UH[\YHSLaH KL tZ[L LU LS KLIH[L JVUZ[P[\`LU[L ` LU SH L]VS\JP}U KL SH Q\YPZWY\KLUJPH [HU[V JVUZ[P[\JPVUHS JVTV LSLJ[VYHS

I +LSPTP[HJP}U KLZKL LS WYVWPV ;:,! Competencias del TSE. De๏ฌ niciรณn de actos relativos al sufragio. 4-1996, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 0TW\NUHJP}U WYLZLU[HKH WVY LS ZL|VY 3\PZ (SILY[V ,ZX\P]LS 7VYYHZ JVU[YH LS HJ\LYKV [VTHKV WVY LS ;YPI\UHS KL ,SLJJPVULZ 0U[LYUHZ KLS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS LU ZLZP}U L_[YHVYKPUHYPH Uย TLYV KPLJPVJOV KLS KL Q\UPV KL Resumen: ,U HYHZ KL KLSPTP[HY LS mTIP[V JVTWL[LUJPHS KLS ;:, ZL WYLJPZHU SVZ JVUJLW[VZ ยธTH[LYPH LSLJ[VYHSยน ` ยธHJ[VZ YLSH[P]VZ HS Z\MYHNPVยน [YHZJLUKPLUKV tZ[VZ SH ZPTWSL LTPZP}U KLS ]V[V ,U J\HU[V HS LU[LUKPTPLU[V KLS ]V[V WVY Zx TPZTV tZ[L ZL YLSHJPVUH LU MVYTH KPYLJ[H ` L_JS\ZP]H JVU LS KLYLJOV JP\KHKHUV H LSLNPY ` ZLY LSLJ[V WHYH \U JHYNV Wย ISPJV KL LSLJJP}U WVW\SHY

No electoralidad en procesos eleccionarios especiales de carรกcter institucional o corporativo 259-E-2001, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL HTWHYV LSLJ[VYHS PU[LYW\LZ[V WVY 5PKPH .\HYKPVSH 4LUKVaH ` /tJ[VY /\NV A\TIHKV :HSHZ

Interpretaciรณn exclusiva y obligatoria de la materia electoral por parte del TSE. 3278-E-2000, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. *VUZ\S[HZ WYVTV]PKHZ WVY LS *VTP[t ,QLJ\[P]V 5HJPVUHS KLS 7HY[PKV <UPKHK :VJPHS *YPZ[PHUH ZLNย U HJ\LYKV KL tZ[L Uย TLYV KLS KL Q\SPV KLS Resumen: *VU ]PZ[H KL SH JVTWL[LUJPH PU[LYWYL[H[P]H X\L KLZKL SH *VUZ[P[\JP}U ZL V[VYNH HS ;:, ZL YL]PZH LS ZLU[PKV HTWSPV KL tZ[H `H X\L LS ;YPI\UHS W\LKL PU[LYWYL[HY UV Z}SV SH *VUZ[P[\JP}U

114

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ANEXO

7VSx[PJH ` SH SL` LU TH[LYPH LSLJ[VYHS ZPUV [HTIPtU SVZ LZ[H[\[VZ KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ (OVYH IPLU WHYH SV ‚S[PTV WYPTH LS YLZWL[V H SH WV[LZ[HK KL H\[VYYLN\SHJP}U X\L [PLULU SHZ HNY\WHJPVULZ WVSx[PJHZ JVUMVYTL H SH *VUZ[P[\JP}U ` SH SL` ` WVY SV [HU[V SVZ HZ\U[VZ PU[LYUVZ KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ LU SVZ J\HSLZ UV LZ[t PU]VS\JYHKH \UH K\KH ZVIYL SH JVUZ[P[\JPVUHSPKHK V SLNHSPKHK KL \UH UVYTH X\LKHU IHQV Z\ L_JS\ZP]H YLZWVUZHIPSPKHK Atribuciones del TSE respecto de las contribuciones partidarias. 435-E-2002, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. +LU\UJPH MVYT\SHKH WVY SH ZL|VYH *HYTLU =PYNPUPH 1PTtULa *VU[YLYHZ JVU[YH LS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS ` LS ZL|VY 9VSHUKV .VUamSLa <SSVH Principio de irrecurribilidad de las resoluciones del TS, 1255-M-2001 ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ 9LJ\YZV KL 9L]VJH[VYPH JVU (WLSHJP}U LU Z\IZPKPV ` 9LJ\YZV KL 9LWVZPJP}U PU[LYW\LZ[V WVY SH ZL|VYH 9VZPILS 4PYHUKH ,ZWPUVaH LU Z\ JHSPKHK KL YLNPKVYH Z\WSLU[L JVU[YH SH YLZVS\JP}U U ¢ 4 KL SHZ ! OVYHZ KLS KL TH`V KLS Integración de los tribunales extraordinarios del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 894-E-2005, ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ 0U[LYWYL[HJP}U KLS HY[xJ\SV KL SH *VUZ[P[\JP}U 7VSx[PJH

J *VUÅPJ[VZ KL JVTWL[LUJPH ;:, ]Z *VU[YHSVYxH .LULYHS KL SH 9LW‚ISPJH! 2000-6326, Sala Constitucional. *VUÅPJ[V KL JVTWL[LUJPH MVYT\SHKV WVY LS 7YLZPKLU[L KLS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ YLZWLJ[V KL SH *VU[YHSVYxH .LULYHS KL SH 9LW‚ISPJH WHYH KL[LYTPUHY X\PLU [PLUL SH JVTWL[LUJPH WHYH PU]LZ[PNHY ` KL[LYTPUHY SH YLZWVUZHIPSPKHK WLJ\UPHYPH KL SVZ M\UJPVUHYPVZ T\UPJPWHSLZ KL LSLJJP}U WVW\SHY ZxUKPJVZ ` YLNPKVYLZ LU YLSHJP}U JVU SH PUMYHJJP}U KL SHZ UVYTHZ KLS VYKLUHTPLU[V KL JVU[YVS ` ÄZJHSPaHJP}U KL SH /HJPLUKH 7‚ISPJH Resumen: 9L]PZ[L LZWLJPHS PTWVY[HUJPH WYVJLZHS WVY [YH[HYZL KLS WYPTLY JVUÅPJ[V KL JVTWL[LUJPH HKTP[PKV WVY SH :HSH *VUZ[P[\JPVUHS LU Z\ OPZ[VYPH HS J\TWSPY JVU SVZ WYLZ\W\LZ[VZ KL HKTPZPIPSPKHK ` KL MVUKV LZ[HISLJPKVZ LU SH 3L` KL SH 1\YPZKPJJP}U *VUZ[P[\JPVUHS (ZPTPZTV YLWHZH \UH SPZ[H PTWVY[HU[L UV [H_H[P]H KL HJ[P]PKHKLZ X\L JHSPÄJHU KLU[YV KLS X\LOHJLY LSLJ[VYHS H LMLJ[V KL KLSPTP[HY SH JVTWL[LUJPH KLS ;:, YLZWLJ[V KL SH *VU[YHSVYxH .LULYHS KL SH 9LW‚ISPJH *.9 KPZWVUPLUKV ÄUHSTLU[L X\L JVYYLZWVUKL H tZ[H PU]LZ[PNHY ` KL[LYTPUHY SH YLZWVUZHIPSPKHK WLJ\UPHYPH KL SVZ M\UJPVUHYPVZ T\UPJPWHSLZ KL LSLJJP}U WVW\SHY ZxUKPJVZ ` YLNPKVYLZ LU YLSHJP}U JVU SH PUMYHJJP}U KL SHZ UVYTHZ KLS VYKLUHTPLU[V KL JVU[YVS ` ÄZJHSPaHJP}U KL SH /HJPLUKH 7‚ISPJH J\TWSPLUKV JVU LS KLIPKV WYVJLZV" ` HS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ KL[LYTPUHY LU YLSHJP}U JVU LSSV SH HU\SHJP}U V JHUJLSHJP}U KL SHZ JYLKLUJPHSLZ T\UPJPWHSLZ

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2004-2199, Sala Constitucional. *VUÃ…PJ[V KL JVTWL[LUJPH PU[LYW\LZ[V WVY SVZ 4HNPZ[YHKVZ KLS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ 6ZJHY -VUZLJH 3\PZ (U[VUPV :VIYHKV .VUamSLa ` 1\HU (U[VUPV *HZHMVU[ 6KVY

DERECHO PROCESAL ELECTORAL Y JURISDICCIÓN ELECTORAL H 9LJ\YZV KL (TWHYV ,SLJ[VYHS! Génesis del recurso de amparo electoral. 303-E-2000, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL HTWHYV LSLJ[VYHS PU[LYW\LZ[V WVY LS ZL|VY :PNPMYLKV (PaH *HTWVZ Resumen: +HKH SH H\ZLUJPH KL WYVJLKPTPLU[V X\L WLYTP[PLYH HS ;:, LS HYIP[YHQL KL JVUÃ…PJ[VZ WVY ]PVSHJP}U H KLYLJOVZ M\UKHTLU[HSLZ KL JHYmJ[LY LSLJ[VYHS LS ;YPI\UHS ]PUV H JVSTHY LZH SHN\UH SLNHS JVU IHZL LU Z\ JVTWL[LUJPH JVUZ[P[\JPVUHS WHYH YLZVS]LY SVZ JVUÃ…PJ[VZ X\L ZL NLULYLU H SV PU[LYUV KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ TLKPHU[L SH YLNSHZ KL SH PU[LNYHJP}U UVYTH[P]H X\L WHYH LS JHZV Z\WVUxHU HWSPJHY HUHS}NPJHTLU[L SHZ YLNSHZ ]PNLU[LZ KLS YLJ\YZV KL HTWHYV X\L [YHTP[H SH ZHSH LZWLJPHSPaHKH KLS 7VKLY 1\KPJPHS WLYV LU LS LU[LUKPKV X\L Z\ JVUVJPTPLU[V ` YLZVS\JP}U LZ[HYxHU LU SV Z\JLZP]V H JHYNV KLS WYVWPV ;YPI\UHS

Doble naturaleza del recurso de amparo electoral 638-E-2001, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL (TWHYV ,SLJ[VYHS PU[LYW\LZ[V WVY +H]PK =HS]LYKL 4tUKLa JVU[YH LS 9LNSHTLU[V WHYH SH JLSLIYHJP}U KL SHZ LSLJJPVULZ KL SVZ *HUKPKH[VZ H +PW\[HKVZ KLS 7HY[PKV <UPKHK :VJPHS *YPZ[PHUH WHYH SHZ LSLJJPVULZ UHJPVUHSLZ KLS ` JVU[YH SH (ZHTISLH KLS KL UV]PLTIYL KLS

Posibilidad de condenar en costas, daños y perjuicios en el recurso de amparo electoraS 956-E-2001, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. (KPJP}U ` HJSHYHJP}U ZVSPJP[HKH WVY LS YLJ\YYLU[L -HIPV ,UYPX\L +LSNHKV /LYUmUKLa JVU[YH SH YLZVS\JP}U U‚TLYV , WYVU\UJPHKH LU YLJ\YZV KL HTWHYV PU[LYW\LZ[V JVU[YH LS *VTP[t ,QLJ\[P]V :\WLYPVY ` SVZ TPLTIYVZ KLS ÔYNHUV *VU[YHSVY KL 7YVJLZVZ 0U[LYUVZ HTIVZ KLS 7HY[PKV -\LYaH +LTVJYm[PJH

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I +LZHWSPJHJP}U KL UVYTHZ LZ[H[\[HYPHZ WVY PUJVUZ[P[\JPVUHSLZ! Estatutos partidarios y Derecho de la Constitución. 5379-97, Sala Constitucional. (JJP}U KL PUJVUZ[P[\JPVUHSPKHK PU[LYW\LZ[H WVY 1VZt 4PN\LS *VYYHSLZ JVU[YH SVZ PUJPZVZ H ` I KLS HY[xJ\SV KLS ,Z[H[\[V KLS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS

Origen de la desaplicación de normas estatutarias por inconstitucionales por parte del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 393-E-2000, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL HTWHYV LSLJ[VYHS PU[LYW\LZ[V WVY SH ZL|VYH (OPaH =LNH 4VU[LYV JVU[YH LS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS

Plazos de militancia como condición de postulación. 859-E-2001, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL (TWHYV ,SLJ[VYHS WYVTV]PKV WVY LS ZL|VY .LYHYKV ;YLQVZ :HSHZ JVU[YH LS ;YPI\UHS KL ,SLJJPVULZ 0U[LYUHZ KLS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS Resumen: 4LKPHU[L LS YLJ\YZV KL HTWHYV LSLJ[VYHS LS ;YPI\UHS KLZHWSPJ} WHYH LS JHZV JVUJYL[V \UH UVYTH LZ[H[\[HYPH WVY JVUZPKLYHY X\L tZ[H LYH JVU[YHYPH H SVZ WYPUJPWPVZ KL KLTVJYHJPH YLWYLZLU[H[P]H ` WVY LUKL H SH *VUZ[P[\JP}U 7VSx[PJH ,Z[L WYVU\UJPHTPLU[V JVUZPKLY} X\L H WLZHY KL X\L SVZ WSHaVZ KL TPSP[HUJPH V HKOLYLUJPH L_PNPKVZ WVY HSN\UHZ HNY\WHJPVULZ WVSx[PJHZ H Z\Z TPLTIYVZ JVTV YLX\PZP[V WHYH WVZ[\SHY Z\ JHUKPKH[\YH H \U JHYNV KL LSLJJP}U WVW\SHY UV ZVU PUJVUZ[P[\JPVUHSLZ `H X\L NHYHU[PaHU SH LMLJ[P]PKHK KL SVZ WYPUJPWPVZ KL WLY[LULUJPH ` HKOLYLUJPH WHY[PKHYPH tZ[VZ UV W\LKLU ZLY HYIP[YHYPVZ UP KLZWYVWVYJPVUHKVZ WVYX\L SLZPVUHYxHU ZLYPHTLU[L LS KLYLJOV H ZLY LSLJ[V X\L [PLULU Z\Z TPLTIYVZ

J +LTHUKH KL U\SPKHK! 394-E-2002, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. .LZ[P}U WYVTV]PKH WVY LS ZL|VY 9VSHUKV .VUamSLa <SSVH LU Z\ JHSPKHK KL :LJYL[HYPV .LULYHS KLS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS ZVSPJP[HUKV \U U\L]V YLJ\LU[V KL ]V[VZ WHYH KPW\[HKV LU SH 7YV]PUJPH KL 7\U[HYLUHZ 2336-E-2002, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. .LZ[P}U PU[LYW\LZ[H WVY SH ZL|VYH 3VYLUH =mZX\La )HKPSSH LU Z\ JVUKPJP}U KL 7YLZPKLU[H KLS *VTP[t ,QLJ\[P]V 5HJPVUHS KLS 7HY[PKV <UPKHK :VJPHS *YPZ[PHUH LU YLSHJP}U JVU LS LZJY\[PUPV KL SHZ TLZHZ KL ]V[HJP}U U ` KLS *HU[}U KL 4VYH :HU 1VZt

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K (JJP}U KL U\SPKHK! Requisitos de la acciรณn de nulidad. 453-E-2001, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. (JJP}U KL U\SPKHK WYVTV]PKH WVY SVZ ZL|VYLZ ร S]HYV 4HYxU 9VQHZ ` ,ZWLYHUaH ;HZZPLZ *HZ[YV JVU[YH [VKHZ SHZ HJ[HZ KLS *VTP[t ,QLJ\[P]V :\WLYPVY KLS 7HY[PKV -\LYaH +LTVJYm[PJH ร YTHKHZ LU[YL LS KL TH`V KL ` LS KL KPJPLTIYL KLS WVY LS ZL|VY =SHKPTPY KL SH *Y\a Resumen: 3H HJJP}U KL U\SPKHK [HTIPtU KL JYLHJP}U Q\YPZWY\KLUJPHS WVY WHY[L KLS ;:, LZ \U TLJHUPZTV KL WYV[LJJP}U YLZPK\HS WHYH HX\LSSVZ JHZVZ LU X\L LS WYVJLKPTPLU[V YLJ\YZP]V KLS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS UV WLYTP[H JVU[YVSHY SH SLNHSPKHK KL SHZ KLJPZPVULZ WHY[PKHYPHZ YLSH[P]HZ H SH WVZ[\SHJP}U KL JHUKPKH[\YHZ ` H SH KLZPNUHJP}U KL JHYNVZ PU[LYUVZ KL H\[VYPKHK ,_PNL JVTV YLX\PZP[VZ KL HKTPZPIPSPKHK LS WYL]PV HNV[HTPLU[V KL SVZ YLJ\YZVZ PU[LYUVZ LZ[HISLJPKVZ LZ[H[\[HYPHTLU[L ` X\L LS HJJPVUHU[L ZLH [P[\SHY KL SH YLSHJP}U Q\YxKPJH Z\YNPKH JVTV JVUZLJ\LUJPH KL SH WYVK\JJP}U KLS HJ[V J\`H HU\SHJP}U ZL WYL[LUKH

Diferencias entre la acciรณn de nulidad y el recurso de amparo electo 921-E-2001, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL HTWHYV LSLJ[VYHS PU[LYW\LZ[V WVY 6THY ;YPN\LYVZ :HSHZ *HYSVZ ,K\HYKV 3}WLa ;LYJLYV ` +V\NSHZ 8\LZHKH (S[HTPYHUV JVU[YH LS 7HY[PKV <UPKHK :VJPHS *YPZ[PHUH YLWYLZLU[HKV WVY Z\ :LJYL[HYPV .LULYHS *HYSVZ 7HSTH 9VKYxN\La ` JVU[YH Z\ *VTP[t ,QLJ\[P]V 5HJPVUHS

Caracterรญsticas de la acciรณn de nulidad. 1881-E-2003, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL HWLSHJP}U MVYT\SHKV WVY SH 4HYaOPH =HSSHKHYLZ )LYTย KLa JVU[YH SH YLZVS\JP}U U ยข 77+. KPJ[HKH WVY SH +PYLJJP}U .LULYHS KLS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS H SHZ ! OVYHZ KLS KL Q\SPV KLS

L 7YVJLKPTPLU[V YLJ\YZP]V KLS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS! Carรกcter residual del recurso de amparo electoral. 1555-E-2002, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL HTWHYV LSLJ[VYHS PU[LYW\LZ[V WVY SVZ ZL|VYLZ 4HNHSS` *HZ[YV /PKHSNV LU Z\ JVUKPJP}U KL 9LNPKVYH KL SH 4\UPJPWHSPKHK KL :HU 9HMHLS KL /LYLKPH 1\SPmU *OH]HYYxH :mUJOLa 4HYxH KLS 9VZHYPV /LYUmUKLa .}TLa 3\PZ -LYUHUKV 9P]HZ )HaV 3PJPUPV ,ZX\P]LS *OH]LZ 1LHUUL[[L *VYKLYV .HTIVH [VKVZ LSSVZ KLSLNHKVZ HU[L SH (ZHTISLH *HU[VUHS KL :HU 9HMHLS KL /LYLKPH KLS 7HY[PKV (JJP}U *P\KHKHUH ` +HUPSV *HZ[YV

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)VSH|VZ LU Z\ JVUKPJP}U KL 7YLZPKLU[L KLS *VTP[t +PZ[YP[HS JVU[YH SH (ZHTISLH *HU[VUHS KL :HU 9HMHLS KL /LYLKPH KLS 7HY[PKV (JJP}U *P\KHKHUH Resumen: ,S YLJ\YZV KL HTWHYV LSLJ[VYHS JVTV PUZ[P[\[V WYVJLZHS X\L JVUVJL SVZ YLJSHTVZ X\L ZL Z\ZJP[LU H SV PU[LYUV KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ YLZ\S[H WYVJLKLU[L LU JHZVZ LZWLJPHSLZ" LZ KLJPY ZL OH YLZLY]HKV WHYH HX\LSSHZ ZP[\HJPVULZ X\L LU LS VYKLUHTPLU[V Q\YxKPJV UV OH`H KPZW\LZ[V KL \U WYVJLKPTPLU[V X\L HZLN\YL SH [\[LSH KL LMLJ[P]H KL SVZ KLYLJOVZ M\UKHTLU[HSLZ V tZ[L YLZ\S[L THUPÄLZ[HTLU[L [HYKxV PUZ\ÄJPLU[L V PULÄJHa ,U JVUZLJ\LUJPH LZ[L TLJHUPZTV UV Z\Z[P[\`L H SVZ WYVJLKPTPLU[VZ WYL]PHTLU[L KPZW\LZ[VZ WVY SH SLNPZSHJP}U LSLJ[VYHS JVTV SH HWLSHJP}U HU[L SH +PYLJJP}U .LULYHS KLS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS HY[ 3L` 6YNmUPJH KLS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ ` KLS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS ` LS YLJ\YZV KL HWLSHJP}U WYL]PZ[V LU LS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS

Mecanismo de impugnación de las asambleas partidarias. Procedimiento recursivo del artículo 64 del Código Electoral. 28-E-2003, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL (WLSHJP}U MVYT\SHKV WVY SH ZL|VYH :HKPL )YH]V KL 4HYV[V :LJYL[HYPH KLS 7(* JVU[YH SH YLZVS\JP}U U ¢ KPJ[HKH WVY SH +PYLJJP}U .LULYHS KLS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS Resumen: :L L_WVUL LS WYVJLKPTPLU[V KL PTW\NUHJP}U X\L WLYTP[L HS HZHTISLxZ[H PUJVUMVYTL YLJ\YYPY SH ]HSPKLa KL SVZ HJ\LYKVZ HKVW[HKVZ LU SHZ KPZ[PU[HZ HZHTISLHZ WHY[PKHYPHZ KPZ[YP[V JHU[}U WYV]PUJPH ` UHJPVUHS LU WYPTLYH PUZ[HUJPH SL JVYYLZWVUKL HS *VTP[t ,QLJ\[P]V :\WLYPVY KLS WHY[PKV YLZVS]LY LS YLJSHTV 3V YLZ\LS[V WVY LZH PUZ[HUJPH W\LKL ZLY HWLSHKV HU[L SH +PYLJJP}U .LULYHS KLS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS" ` JVU[YH Z\ KLJPZP}U WVKYm YLJ\YYPYZL HU[L LS ;:, ,S WSHaV WHYH PTW\NUHY HU[L LZHZ Z\JLZP]HZ PUZ[HUJPHZ LZ KL J\HYLU[H ` VJOV OVYHZ SHZ J\HSLZ KPZWVULU KL [YLZ KxHZ WHYH YLZVS]LY :L OH PU[LYWYL[HKV X\L SH MHS[H KL YLZVS\JP}U WVY WHY[L KLS *VTP[t ,QLJ\[P]V V LS X\L YLZ\LS]H V[YV }YNHUV KPZ[PU[V HS WYL]PZ[V LU LS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS UV WVKxH ULNHYSL LS KLYLJOV HS YLJ\YYLU[L KL PTW\NUHY HU[L SH +PYLJJP}U .LULYHS HJLW[HUKV LZ[H ZP[\HJP}U JVTV \UH L_JLWJP}U X\L SV SLNP[PTHIH WHYH YLJ\YYPY HU[L SH PUZ[HUJPH ZPN\PLU[L

166-E-2005, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL HWLSHJP}U WYLZLU[HKV WVY SVZ ZL|VYLZ 6THY 9VQHZ +VUH[V ` (SL_ :PIHQH .YHUHKVZ JVU[YH SHZ YLZVS\JPVULZ U ¢ 77+. KL SHZ ! OVYHZ ` U ¢ 77+. KL SHZ OVYHZ HTIHZ KLS KL LULYV KLS KPJ[HKHZ WVY SH +PYLJJP}U .LULYHS KLS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS

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M 9LJ\YZV KL HWLSHJP}U JVU[YH HJ[VZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ KL HKTPUPZ[YHJP}U LSLJ[VYHS PUMLYPVY V KL V[YVZ }YNHUVZ HKTPUPZ[YH[P]VZ! 1) Dirección General del Registro Civil: Rechazo o inscripción de un partido político. 1542-E-2001, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones 9LJ\YZVZ KL (WLSHJP}U ` 5\SPKHK JVUJVTP[HU[L WYLZLU[HKVZ JVU[YH SHZ YLZVS\JPVULZ U ¢ ` LTP[PKHZ WVY SH +PYLJJP}U .LULYHS KLS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS

Reconocimiento de recurso de amparo electoral como recurso de apelación ante Dirección General del Registro Civil 2357-1-E-2001, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL HTWHYV LSLJ[VYHS PU[LYW\LZ[V WVY :HS\KPUH :VTVaH .VUamSLa JVU[YH SH +PYLJJP}U .LULYHS KLS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS Rechazo de plano de recurso de amparo electoral dirigido contra resolución de la Dirección General del Registro Civil 2015-E-2002, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL HTWHYV LSLJ[VYHS PU[LYW\LZ[V WVY (UH 3VYLUH =HKV .}UNVYH JtK\SH KL PKLU[PKHK U TLYV JVU[YH SH 3PJLUJPHKH 4HYPZVS *HZ[YV +VISLZ +PYLJ[VYH .LULYHS KLS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS

2) Juntas Electorales: 007-E-2002, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL HWLSHJP}U PU[LYW\LZ[V WVY 9VSHUKV .VUamSLa <SSVH LU Z\ JVUKPJP}U KL :LJYL[HYPV .LULYHS KLS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS JVU[YH YLZVS\JP}U KPJ[HKH WVY SH 1\U[H *HU[VUHS KL +LZHTWHYHKVZ LS KL KPJPLTIYL KLS LU YLSHJP}U JVU SH U}TPUH KL LSLJ[VYLZ KLSLNHKVZ KL SHZ Q\U[HZ YLJLW[VYHZ KL ]V[VZ KLS JHU[}U KL +LZHTWHYHKVZ

3) Inspección Electoral (plazas públicas): 2047-E-2001, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones *VUZ\S[H MVYT\SHKH WVY LS 3PJLUJPHKV 1HPTL .LYHYKV .HYP[H :mUJOLa 0UZWLJ[VY ,SLJ[VYHS KLS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ. 1823-E-2002, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL HWLSHJP}U PU[LYW\LZ[V WVY LS ZL|VY 3\PZ .\PSSLYTV :VSxZ 9P]LYH LU Z\ JVUKPJP}U KL :LJYL[HYPV .LULYHS KLS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS LU JVU[YH KL SH YLZVS\JP}U KL SH 0UZWLJJP}U ,SLJ[VYHS KL SHZ OVYHZ KLS KL ZL[PLTIYL KLS

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4) Delegaciones cantonales de la autoridad de policía (clubes políticos):

700-E-2000, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. :VSPJP[\K KL PU[LYWYL[HJP}U KLS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS WYLZLU[HKH WVY LS ZL|VY KPW\[HKV 9}NLY =xSJOLa *HZJHU[L 2258-E-2002, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL (WLSHJP}U WSHU[LHKV WVY SH ZL|VYH 3VYLUH =mZX\La )HKPSSH 7YLZPKLU[H KLS 7HY[PKV <UPKHK :VJPHS *YPZ[PHUH JVU[YH SH YLZVS\JP}U U ¢ KL SH 7VSPJxH KL 7YV_PTPKHK KL *VYVUHKV 1188-E-2003, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL HWLSHJP}U PU[LYW\LZ[V WVY 9VSHUKV .VUamSLa <SSVH JVU[YH SH YLZVS\JP}U U ¢ KPJ[HKH WVY SH +LSLNHJP}U *HU[VUHS KL SH -\LYaH 7 ISPJH KL 7VJVJx YLMLYLU[L H SH PUZJYPWJP}U KL \U SVJHS JVTV JS\I WVSx[PJV

N +LU\UJPHZ ZVIYL WHYJPHSPKHK V ILSPNLYHUJPH WVSx[PJH! (J[P]PKHKLZ WVSx[PJHZ ` HJ[P]PKHKLZ WVSx[PJV LSLJ[VYHSLZ 169-1996, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. +LU\UJPH WVY WHYJPHSPKHK V ILSPNLYHUJPH WVSx[PJH WYLZLU[HKH WVY LS +Y (ILS 7HJOLJV KL SH ,ZWYPLSSH 7YLZPKLU[L KLS +PYLJ[VYPV 7VSx[PJV KLS 7HY[PKV <UPKHK :VJPHS *YPZ[PHUH JVU[YH SVZ ZL|VYLZ (UUH .HIYPLSH 9VZZ .VUamSLa 7YLZPKLU[H ,QLJ\[P]H KLS 0UZ[P[\[V *VZ[HYYPJLUZL KL (J\LK\J[VZ ` (SJHU[HYPSSHKVZ ` 9VKVSMV :VSHUV 6YÄSH +PYLJ[P]V KLS )HUJV 5HJPVUHS Límite a participación política de funcionarios judiciales. 2883-96, Sala Constitucional. (JJP}U KL 0UJVUZ[P[\JPVUHSPKHK PU[LYW\LZ[H WVY )LYUHYKV (SILY[V 4HZxZ /LYUmUKLa JVU[YH! H ,S HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS I ,S HY[xJ\SV KL SH 3L` 6YNmUPJH KLS 7VKLY 1\KPJPHS ` J ,S HJ\LYKV KL *VY[L 7SLUH KL SH ZLZP}U JLSLIYHKH LS KL LULYV KL JPYJ\SHY W\ISPJHKH LU LS )VSL[xU 1\KPJPHS 5 KLS KL LULYV KL 1394-E-2000, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. +LU\UJPH MVYT\SHKH WVY LS ZL|VY .PSILY[ 7tYLa 7tYLa LU JVU[YH KLS (SJHSKL ` V[YVZ M\UJPVUHYPVZ KL SH 4\UPJPWHSPKHK KL +LZHTWHYHKVZ 2001-12211, Sala Constitucional. (JJP}U KL PUJVUZ[P[\JPVUHSPKHK WYVTV]PKH WVY 4HYPV 9LKVUKV 7V]LKH JVU[YH LS HY[xJ\SV ZLN\UKV KLS 9LNSHTLU[V ZVIYL +LU\UJPHZ WVY 7HYJPHSPKHK V 7HY[PJPWHJP}U 7VSx[PJH 3085-E-2003, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. +LU\UJPH WVY ILSPNLYHUJPH WVSx[PJH PU[LYW\LZ[H WVY 7HTLSH 4VUNL (YPHZ JVU[YH -LYUHUKV -LYYHYV +VISLZ LU Z\ JVUKPJP}U KL .LYLU[L 4tKPJV KL SH *HQH *VZ[HYYPJLUZL KLS :LN\YV :VJPHS

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Efectos de la pena de inhabilitación absoluta y concepto de funcionario público. 794-E-2004, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. *VUZ\S[H KLS ZL|VY ,SPZLV =HYNHZ .HYJxH 7YLZPKLU[L ,QLJ\[P]V KL SH *HQH *VZ[HYYPJLUZL KL :LN\YV :VJPHS WHYH HJSHYHY SH ZHUJP}U PTW\LZ[H HS ZL|VY -LYUHUKV -LYYHYV +VISLZ TLKPHU[L YLZVS\JP}U U ¢ , KL SHZ ! OVYHZ KLS KL KPJPLTIYL KLS 1284-E-2004, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. +LU\UJPH WVY ILSPNLYHUJPH WVSx[PJH PU[LYW\LZ[H WVY LS KPW\[HKV 3\PZ .LYHYKV =PSSHU\L]H 4VUNL LU JVU[YH LS ZL|VY +HUPLS (N\PSHY .VUamSLa TPLTIYV KL SH 1\U[H +PYLJ[P]H KLS 0UZ[P[\[V 5HJPVUHS KL :LN\YVZ , Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. +LU\UJPH WVY 7HYJPHSPKHK V 7HY[PJPWHJP}U 7VSx[PJH MVYT\SHKH WVY SVZ ZL|VYLZ 6[[V .\L]HYH .\[O 9H‚S *VZ[HSLZ +VTxUN\La 9VUHSKV (SMHYV .HYJxH -LKLYPJV 4HSH]HZZP *HS]V 7L[LY .\L]HYH .\[O *HYSVZ :HSHaHY 9HTxYLa ` *HYSVZ /LYYLYH *HS]V JVU[YH LS ZL|VY (ILS 7HJOLJV KL SH ,ZWYPLSSH 7YLZPKLU[L KL SH 9LW‚ISPJH

TSE como única instancia. Irrecurribilidad. 709-E-2004, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL 9LJVUZPKLYHJP}U PU[LYW\LZ[V WVY SVZ ZL|VYLZ -LKLYPJV 4HSH]HZZP *HS]V 7L[LY .\L]HYH .\[O *HYSVZ :HSHaHY 9HTxYLa *HYSVZ /LYYLYH *HS]V ` 9VUHSKV (SMHYV .HYJxH JVU[YH SH YLZVS\JP}U 5¢ , KL SHZ ! OVYHZ KLS KL THYaV KLS

O *HUJLSHJP}U KL JYLKLUJPHSLZ KL M\UJPVUHYPVZ KL LSLJJP}U WVW\SHY! 1) Miembros de los Supremos Poderes: 38-96, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 0U]LZ[PNHJP}U ZLN\PKH H SVZ ZL|VYLZ +PW\[HKVZ 4HU\LS (U[VUPV )HYYHU[LZ 9VKYxN\La *VUZ[HU[PUV <YJ\`V -V\YUPLY ` .LYHYKV ;YLQVZ :HSHZ LU ]PY[\K KL Z\Z UVTIYHTPLU[VZ LU SH *VTPZP}U X\L UVTIYHYH LS 7VKLY ,QLJ\[P]V WHYH HUHSPaHY SH ZP[\HJP}U KLS ZLY]PJPV KPWSVTm[PJV ` JVUZ\SHY KL U\LZ[YV WHxZ ` LS M\UJPVUHTPLU[V KLS 4PUPZ[LYPV KL 9LSHJPVULZ ,_[LYPVYLZ ` *\S[V

2) Funcionarios Municipales: Potestades investigativas del TSE. 1954-1999, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. +LU\UJPH WYLZLU[HKH WVY SH (ZVJPHJP}U KL +LZHYYVSSV 0U[LNYHS KL +HUPLS -SVYLZ WVY HJ[VZ JVTL[PKVZ WVY SVZ ZL|VYLZ ` ZL|VYHZ YLNPKVYLZ KLS JHU[}U KL 7tYLa ALSLK}U WYV]PUJPH KL :HU 1VZt JVUJLYUPLU[LZ H HJ\LYKVZ KLS *VUJLQV 4\UPJPWHS ` HS KLZHJH[HTPLU[V KL tZ[VZ

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Sobre la potestad disciplinaria del TSE en los funcionarios municipales de elección popular. 2589-1999, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. :VSPJP[\K KL JHUJLSHJP}U KL SHZ JYLKLUJPHSLZ L_[LUKPKHZ H SVZ ZL|VYLZ 4HYJV ;\SPV .\[PtYYLa (SMHYV 3PNPH =PSSHU\L]H 4VYH ` ,SPaHIL[O *LU[LUV *HZJHU[L LU Z\ JVUKPJP}U KL YLNPKVYLZ WYVWPL[HYPVZ KL SH 4\UPJPWHSPKHK KL :HU[H )mYIHYH KL /LYLKPH MVYT\SHKH WVY LS ZL|VY /LUY` .VUamSLa =LNH (SJHSKL KL tZ[H Renuncia de regidores y obligatoriedad del cargo. 1724-M-2003, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. +PSPNLUJPHZ KL *HUJLSHJP}U KL *YLKLUJPHSLZ KL 9LNPKVY :\WSLU[L KL SH 4\UPJPWHSPKHK KLS JHU[}U KL ;PSHYmU WYV]PUJPH KL .\HUHJHZ[L X\L VZ[LU[H LS ZL|VY (SMVUZV >PSILY *OLU 9P]LYH Traslado de domicilio residencial no es causal de pérdida de credenciales. 1403-M-2003, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. +PSPNLUJPHZ KL JHUJLSHJP}U KL SH JYLKLUJPHS KL JVUJLQHS KL KPZ[YP[V KL 7HZV *HUVHZ JHU[}U KL *VYYLKVYLZ X\L VZ[LU[H LS ZL|VY 3\ZIPU .LYHYKV =PSSLNHZ =HSLUJPHUV Llamado al ejercicio de concejal propietario no electo por ausencia de concejales suplentes 2332-M-2003, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones +PSPNLUJPHZ KL JHUJLSHJP}U KL JYLKLUJPHSLZ KL JVUJLQHS WYVWPL[HYPH KLS *VUJLQV KL +PZ[YP[V KL :HIHUPSSH KL SH 4\UPJPWHSPKHK KL 4VU[LZ KL 6JH WYV]PUJPH KL :HU 1VZt X\L VZ[LU[H SH ZL|VYH 9VZH 4HYxH )HYHOVUH 9VQHZ Parentesco entre síndicos. 2995-M-2004, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. :VSPJP[\K KL JHUJLSHJP}U KL JYLKLUJPHS KL ZxUKPJVZ WYVWPL[HYPV ` Z\WSLU[L KLS +PZ[YP[V :HU 1\HU KLS JHU[}U :HU[H )mYIHYH KL SH WYV]PUJPH KL /LYLKPH X\L VZ[LU[HU YLZWLJ[P]HTLU[L SH ZL|VYH (xKH *LJPSPH 6Y[LNH .VUamSLa ` LS ZL|VY 4PS[VU (YN\LKHZ )VSH|VZ 3SHTHKV HS LQLYJPJPV H YLNPKVY WYVWPL[HYPV UV LSLJ[V WVY H\ZLUJPH KL YLNPKVYLZ Z\WSLU[LZ 404-M-2005, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones +PSPNLUJPHZ KL JHUJLSHJP}U KL JYLKLUJPHS KL 9LNPKVY :\WSLU[L KL SH 4\UPJPWHSPKHK KL :HU 7HISV WYV]PUJPH KL /LYLKPH X\L VZ[LU[H LS ZL|VY 1\HU (SMYLKV )YLULZ ;YLQVZ

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PARTIDOS POLร TICOS a) Democratizaciรณn interna: Modelo organizacional de los partidos polรญticos. Asambleas partidarias. 1669-1999, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. :VSPJP[\K WYLZLU[HKH WVY LS ZL|VY 9VSHUKV .VUamSLa <SSVH :LJYL[HYPV .LULYHS KLS 735 ZVIYL ZP SH (ZHTISLH 5HJPVUHS KLS JP[HKV 7HY[PKV HS YLHSPaHY \UH YLMVYTH LZ[H[\[HYPH X\L HMLJ[H LS JHSLUKHYPV KL LSLJJPVULZ PU[LYUHZ W\LKL WYVYYVNHY LS THUKH[V KL SHZ HZHTISLHZ JHU[VUHSLZ WYV]PUJPHSLZ ` LS KL LSSH TPZTH JVU LS ร U KL HYTVUPaHY SHZ U\L]HZ MLJOHZ JVU SH ]PNLUJPH KL SVZ }YNHUVZ SLNHSLZ Resumen: ,S ;YPI\UHS HS YL]PZHY LS TVKLSV VYNHUPaHJPVUHS KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ X\L LTHUH KLS U\TLYHS KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS HK]PLY[L X\L tZ[L LZ[HISLJL ` WYVJ\YH \UH ยธLZ[Y\J[\YH PU[LYUH TxUPTHยน ` \UPMVYTL WHYH [VKVZ SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ X\L ]PLUL H ZLY]PY KL ยธPUZ[Y\TLU[V KLTVJYm[PJVยน WHYH L]P[HY V H[LU\HY SH VSPNHYX\PaHJP}U KL [HSLZ HNY\WHJPVULZ WVSx[PJHZ LU LZ[L [HU[V LS H]HUJL JVUJH[LUHKV KL SHZ HZHTISLHZ WHY[PKHYPHZ YLZWL[HUKV SH KP]PZP}U [LYYP[VYPHS KLS WHxZ KLZKL Z\ YLWHY[PJP}U ImZPJH KPZ[YP[V HZJLUKPLUKV HS JHU[}U ` SH WYV]PUJPH WHYH SSLNHY ร UHSTLU[L HS WSHUV UHJPVUHS JVUZ[P[\`L \U ยธJH\JL KL WHY[PJPWHJP}Uยน KL SVZ Hร SPHKVZ LU SH [VTH KL KLJPZPVULZ X\L H[H|LU H SH VYNHUPaHJP}U

Necesidad de renovaciรณn periรณdica de autoridades partidarias. Financiamiento a partidos polรญticos. Cuota femenina. 1543-E-2001, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. *VUZ\S[H WSHU[LHKH WVY 6[[V .\L]HYH .\[O ` 9Hย S *VZ[HSLZ +VTxUN\La 7YLZPKLU[L ` :LJYL[HYPV .LULYHS YLZWLJ[P]HTLU[L KLS *VTP[t ,QLJ\[P]V 5HJPVUHS KLS 7HY[PKV 4V]PTPLU[V 3PILY[HYPV Resumen: 9H[Pร JHUKV ` HJSHYHUKV SH YLZVS\JP}U U ย , LS ;YPI\UHS YLP[LYH X\L SVZ WHY[PKVZ LU NLULYHS ` HJVYKL JVU LS WYPUJPWPV KL KLTVJYH[PaHJP}U PU[LYUH KLILU YLUV]HY WLYP}KPJHTLU[L Z\Z LZ[Y\J[\YHZ PU[LYUHZ KL Z\LY[L X\L UV W\LKL HJLW[HYZL JVTV ]mSPKV X\L SHZ KLZPNUHJPVULZ KL SVZ HZHTISLxZ[HZ [LUNHU JHYmJ[LY ]P[HSPJPV V PUKLร UPKV 7VY SV KPZW\LZ[V SVZ WHY[PKVZ X\LKHYVU VISPNHKVZ H HQ\Z[HY Z\Z LZ[H[\[VZ LU LS ZLU[PKV KL LZ[HISLJLY \U WSHaV ` TLJHUPZTV X\L ZH[PZMHNH Z\Z WYVWPVZ PU[LYLZLZ ZPLTWYL ` J\HUKV UV Z\WLYL LS WSHaV Tm_PTV KL J\H[YV H|VZ X\L THYJH LS JPJSV KLS WLYxVKV LSLJ[VYHS JVZ[HYYPJLUZL (ZPTPZTV SH YLZVS\JP}U KL JP[H HIHYJH [LTHZ KLS WYVJLZV LSLJ[VYHS LU NLULYHS KLZ[HJHUKV X\L LZ HIZVS\[HTLU[L PUJVUZ[P[\JPVUHS J\HSX\PLY MVYTH KL ร UHUJPHTPLU[V L_[YHUQLYV H SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ ZHS]V SHZ JVU[YPI\JPVULZ WHYH SHIVYLZ KL MVYTHJP}U JHWHJP[HJP}U L PU]LZ[PNHJP}U LU[LUKPLUKV X\L LS SxTP[L J\HU[P[H[P]V KL LZHZ KVUHJPVULZ L_[YHUQLYHZ ยถ HU[L ]HJxV UVYTH[P]V ยถ KLIL ZLY LS TPZTV X\L WHYH SVZ JVU[YPI\`LU[LZ UHJPVUHSLZ

124

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Poderes en asambleas partidarias 919-99, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. :VSPJP[\KLZ WYLZLU[HKHZ WHYH X\L ZL YL[VTL SH Q\YPZWY\KLUJPH LZ[HISLJPKH WVY LS ;:, ZVIYL SH \[PSPaHJP}U KL WVKLYLZ LZWLJPHSLZ WHYH X\L SVZ KLSLNHKVZ W\LKHU OHJLYZL YLWYLZLU[HY LU SH YLHSPaHJP}U KL SHZ (ZHTISLHZ KL SVZ 7HY[PKVZ 7VSx[PJVZ (Zx JVTV SH YLMLYPKH H SH WYLZLUJPH KL KLSLNHKVZ KLZPNUHKVZ WVY LZ[L ;YPI\UHS LU SHZ (ZHTISLHZ *HU[VUHSLZ KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ PUZJYP[VZ

Principio democrático y autorregulación interna. 269-E-2005, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones *VUZ\S[H MVYT\SHKH WVY LS ZL|VY KPW\[HKV 7H\SPUV 9VKYxN\La 4LUH ZVIYL SH PU[LYWYL[HJP}U KHKH WVY LS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ 0U[LYUHZ KLS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS HS HY[xJ\SV KL Z\ ,Z[H[\[V WHY[PKHYPV

I -\ZP}U ` JVHSPJP}U KL WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ! 275 bis-E-2000, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. :VSPJP[\K KL PU[LYWYL[HJP}U KLS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS WYLZLU[HKH WVY SVZ ZL|VYLZ ,K\HYKV *HU[PSSV (YPHZ :LYNPV 0ZHN\PYYL * ` *`U[OPH 4VYH -\LU[LZ 7YLZPKLU[L :LJYL[HYPV .LULYHS ` ;LZVYLYH YLZWLJ[P]HTLU[L KLS WHY[PKV *VU]LYNLUJPH 5HJPVUHS

Inscripción de coaliciones. 959-E-2005, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL 9L]VJH[VYPH JVU (WLSHJP}U Z\IZPKPHYPH WYLZLU[HKV WVY LS 7YLZPKLU[L KLS *VTP[t ,QLJ\[P]V :\WLYPVY KLS 7HY[PKV =HUN\HYKPH 7VW\SHY LU JVU[YH KL SH YLZVS\JP}U KPJ[HKH WVY SH +PYLJJP}U .LULYHS KLS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS U ¢ 77+. KLS KL Q\SPV KLS 2247-E-2005, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. .LZ[P}U MVYT\SHKH WVY SH +PYLJ[VYH KLS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS LU [VYUV H SH YLZVS\JP}U U ¢ , KPJ[HKH WVY LS ;YPI\UHS H SHZ ! OVYHZ KLS KL HNVZ[V KLS YLMLYPKH H SH PUZJYPWJP}U KL SH *VHSPJP}U 0aX\PLYKH <UPKH

J -PUHUJPHTPLU[V H SVZ 7HY[PKVZ 7VSx[PJVZ! Financiamiento adelantado a partidos políticos. 980-91, Sala Constitucional. (JJP}U KL 0UJVUZ[P[\JPVUHSPKHK PU[LYW\LZ[H WVY ,Z[LSH 8\LZHKH WHYH PTW\NUHY! KL SH *VUZ[P[\JP}U 7VSx[PJH LS HY[PJ\SV WmYYHMV ‡ L PUJPZV L HKPJPVUHKVZ WVY 3L` 5V KL KL TH`V KL ¶X\L JVUZHNYHYVU SH ÄUHUJPHJP}U HKLSHU[HKH KLS ,Z[HKV H SVZ NHZ[VZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ " ` ]HYPH UVYTH[P]H KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS

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Resumen: 4LKPHU[L LZ[H ZLU[LUJPH SH :HSH *VUZ[P[\JPVUHS KLJSHY} PUJVUZ[P[\JPVUHS ` HU\S} LS ]VJHISV ¸-PUHUJPHJP}U¹ KLS WmYYHMV ‡ ` SH [V[HSPKHK KLS PUJPZV L KLS HY[xJ\SV KL SH *VUZ[P[\JP}U 7VSx[PJH HZx JVTV ]HYPVZ HY[xJ\SVZ KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS WHY[PJ\SHYTLU[L LU SV X\L YLÄLYLU HS TLJHUPZTV WYL]PZ[V WHYH X\L SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ W\LKHU YLJPIPY JVU[YPI\JP}U HKLSHU[HKH WVY WHY[L KLS ,Z[HKV 3V ‚S[PTV LU [HU[V ZL WLYTP[xH SH ÄUHUJPHJP}U KLS ,Z[HKV H SVZ WHY[PKVZ UHJPVUHSLZ V WYV]PUJPHSLZ X\L WHY[PJPWHYHU LU SH LSLJJP}U HU[LYPVY ` LU WYVWVYJP}U HS YLZ\S[HKV VI[LUPKV LU SH TPZTH JVU SV X\L J\HS ZL V[VYNHIH H SVZ WHY[PKVZ [YHKPJPVUHSLZ \U WYP]PSLNPV X\L KPZJYPTPUHIH H SVZ KLTmZ WHY[PKVZ KL \UH WHY[PJPWHJP}U PN\HSP[HYPH ,U[YL V[YHZ PUJVUZ[P[\JPVUHSPKHKLZ KL PU[LYtZ KLJSHYHKHZ YLZWLJ[V HS HY[xJ\SV SH :HSH *VUZ[P[\JPVUHS JVUZPKLY} X\L LS YLX\PZP[V KL PUZJYPWJP}U WHYH SVZ WHY[PKVZ JHU[VUHSLZ V WYV]PUJPHSLZ KL \U KL HKOLZPVULZ KL LSLJ[VYLZ PUZJYP[VZ LU LS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS LZ KLZWYVWVYJPVUHKH ` JVUZ[P[\`L \U VIZ[mJ\SV PYYHaVUHISL WHYH SH PUZJYPWJP}U KL WHY[PKVZ" ZVIYL LS WmYYHMV ‡ KLS HY[xJ\SV YLZ\S[} PUJVUZ[P[\JPVUHS HS JVU[LULY \U YLX\PZP[V [HTIPtU PYYHaVUHISL LU J\HU[V VISPNHIH H SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ H WYLZLU[HY SHZ ÄYTHZ KL HKOLZP}U H\[LU[PJHKHZ WVY \U HIVNHKV NVILYUHKVY V H\[VYPKHK WVSPJPHS *VTV WYPUJPWPVZ KL YLSL]HUJPH [YH[HKVZ LU LZ[H PTWVY[HU[L YLZVS\JP}U ZL [PLULU! KLYLJOV KL HZVJPHJP}U WVSx[PJH LU Zx ` LU YLSHJP}U JVU SH SPILY[HK KL HZVJPHJP}U LU NLULYHS WS\YPWHY[PKPZTV KLTVJYm[PJV JVTV KLYLJOV KL SPILY[HK KLYLJOV H SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ ]HSVYLZ KL SH KLTVJYHJPH YLWYLZLU[H[P]H WYPUJPWPVZ NLULYHSLZ KL PN\HSKHK ` UV KPZJYPTPUHJP}U Z\MYHNPV \UP]LYZHS WYPUJPWPVZ ` UVYTHZ JVUZ[P[\JPVUHSLZ ` KLS KLYLJOV PU[LYUHJPVUHS X\L YLJVUVJLU ` NHYHU[PaHU SH SPILY[HK LSLJ[VYHS ` SVZ KLYLJOVZ WVSx[PJVZ LU NLULYHS ]PUJ\SHJP}U PU[LYUHJPVUHS KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ ` ÄUHUJPHTPLU[V LZ[H[HS HKLSHU[HKV H SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ

Contribuciones a tendencias. 1748-1999, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. :VSPJP[\K KL PU[LYWYL[HJP}U L_JS\ZP]H ` VISPNH[VYPH WYVTV]PKH WVY LS ZL|VY 1VZt 4PN\LS *VYYHSLZ )VSH|VZ ` HWV`HKH LU WHY[L WVY LS ZL|VY 9VSHUKV .VUamSLa <SSVH LU Z\ JVUKPJP}U KL :LJYL[HYPV .LULYHS KLS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS Resumen: ,S ;YPI\UHS PU[LYWYL[} SVZ HY[xJ\SVZ KL SH *VUZ[P[\JP}U 7VSx[PJH ` ` IPZ KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS LU LS ZLU[PKV KL X\L ¸SHZ JVU[YPI\JPVULZ KVUHJPVULZ WYtZ[HTVZ V HWVY[LZ LU KPULYV V LU LZWLJPL¹ X\L ZL OHNHU H SHZ ¸[LUKLUJPHZ¹ KLILU LU[LUKLYZL Q\YxKPJHTLU[L JVTV OLJOHZ HS WHY[PKV WHYH [VKVZ SVZ LMLJ[VZ JVUZ[P[\JPVUHSLZ ` SLNHSLZ J\HUKV LZHZ ¸[LUKLUJPHZ¹ ZLHU TV]PTPLU[VZ WH[YVJPUHKVZ H\[VYPaHKVZ V KPYPNPKVZ WVY LS WHY[PKV WVSx[PJV JVTV HJ[P]PKHKLZ KL Z\ VYNHUPaHJP}U PU[LYUH WHYH SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U LSLJ[VYHS *VU SV HU[LYPVY ZL LSPTPU} SH WVZPIPSPKHK KL X\L [LUKLUJPHZ VÄJPHSLZ HKTPUPZ[YHYHU PUKLWLUKPLU[LTLU[L SHZ JVU[YPI\JPVULZ X\L YLJPIPLYHU ` ZVTL[P} LZHZ JVU[YPI\JPVULZ HS WYPUJPWPV KL W\ISPJPKHK ` H SHZ YLN\SHJPVULZ ` SPTP[HJPVULZ SLNHSLZ ZVIYL ¸9LJLWJP}U KL KVUHJPVULZ V HWVY[LZ¹ WYL]PZ[HZ LU LS HY[xJ\SV IPZ KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS

Necesidad de destinar parte de la contribución estatal a capacitación. 1257-P-2000, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 0U[LYWYL[HJP}U KLS PUJPZV ‡ KLS HY[xJ\SV KL SH *VUZ[P[\JP}U 7VSx[PJH ` KLS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS

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Resumen: ,U MVYTH VÄJPVZH ` LU WYVJ\YH KL OHJLY LMLJ[P]H \UH PUUV]HJP}U JVUZ[P[\JPVUHS LS ;YPI\UHS PU[LYWYL[} LS PUJPZV KLS HY[xJ\SV KL SH *VUZ[P[\JP}U 7VSx[PJH LU LS ZLU[PKV KL X\L SH JVU[YPI\JP}U LZ[H[HS H SVZ WHY[PKVZ UV WVKxH KLZ[PUHYZL L_JS\ZP]HTLU[L H J\IYPY SVZ NHZ[VZ X\L NLULYH SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U LU SVZ WYVJLZVZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ ZPUV [HTIPtU H ÄUHUJPHY HX\LSSVZ YLSH[P]VZ H SH VYNHUPaHJP}U ` JHWHJP[HJP}U PU[LYUHZ" ` X\L IHQV LS JVUJLW[V ¸JHWHJP[HJP}U¹ UV WVKxHU PUJS\PYZL SHZ LYVNHJPVULZ WYVWPHZ KL SVZ WYVNYHTHZ X\L ZL KLZHYYVSSLU LU tWVJH LSLJ[VYHS [LUKPLU[LZ H WYLWHYHY H SVZ ÄZJHSLZ ` TPLTIYVZ KL SHZ Q\U[HZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ SHZ X\L KLILU JHYNHYZL HS Y\IYV KL ¸VYNHUPaHJP}U¹ 3H YLZVS\JP}U VISPNH ` JVUKPJPVUH H SVZ LZ[H[\[VZ WHY[PKVZ KL[LYTPUHY YHJPVUHSTLU[L SVZ WVYJLU[HQLZ JVYYLZWVUKPLU[LZ PU[LYWYL[HUKV HZx LS U\TLYHS KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS

Contribución estatal. 3146-E-2000, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. *VUZ\S[HZ MVYT\SHKHZ WVY LS 3PJ 6[[V .\L]HYH .\[O LU YLSHJP}U JVU HSN\UVZ HZWLJ[VZ KL SH JVU[YPI\JP}U KLS ,Z[HKV H SVZ NHZ[VZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ KL SVZ 7HY[PKVZ 7VSx[PJVZ

Contribución redimible y no redimible. 515-E-2004, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. *VUZ\S[H WSHU[LHKH WVY :HKPL )YH]V KL 4HYV[V :LJYL[HYPH .LULYHS KLS 7HY[PKV (JJP}U *P\KHKHUH Donaciones a partidos políticos 2238-E-2002 tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. :VSPJP[\K KL PU[LYWYL[HJP}U WYLZLU[HKH WVY LS ZL|VY *VU[HKVY KLS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ .PSILY[V .}TLa .\PSStU LU YLSHJP}U JVU SHZ JVU[YPI\JPVULZ V KVUHJPVULZ H SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ 2196-E-2005, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. :VSPJP[\K KL HJSHYHJP}U V TVKPÄJHJP}U KL SV KPZW\LZ[V LU LS HY[xJ\SV KLS 9LNSHTLU[V ZVIYL LS 7HNV KL SVZ .HZ[VZ KL SVZ 7HY[PKVZ 7VSx[PJVZ LTP[PKV WVY LZ[L ;YPI\UHS MVYT\SHKH WVY LS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS Resumen: 0U[LYWYL[HJP}U KLS HY[xJ\SV KLS 9LNSHTLU[V ZVIYL LS 7HNV KL SVZ .HZ[VZ KL SVZ 7HY[PKVZ 7VSx[PJVZ KLS ;:, LU LS ZLU[PKV KL X\L HKLTmZ KL SH J\LU[H JVYYPLU[L LU JVSVULZ SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ W\LKLU [LULY V[YH LU K}SHYLZ HTLYPJHUVZ WHYH YLJPIPY SVZ KPULYVZ WYV]LUPLU[LZ KL JVU[YPI\JPVULZ KVUHJPVULZ V HWVY[LZ WYP]HKVZ WLYV HTIHZ LZ[mU ZVTL[PKHZ H SVZ TPZTVZ YLX\LYPTPLU[VZ X\L JVU[LTWSH LS YLMLYPKV HY[xJ\SV 2749-E-2005, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones *VUZ\S[H MVYT\SHKH WVY LS *VTP[t ,QLJ\[P]V KLS 7HY[PKV <UP}U 7H[YP}[PJH LU [VYUV HS ÄUHUJPHTPLU[V LZ[H[HS ` H SH WYVWHNHUKH WVSx[PJH

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Contribuciones privadas. 669-E-2003, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones *VUZ\S[H LSLJ[VYHS WSHU[LHKH WVY LS +PW\[HKV /\TILY[V (YJL :HSHZ YLSH[P]H H SH ÄUHUJPHJP}U KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ. 2476-E-2003, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. *VUZ\S[H WSHU[LHKH WVY LS *VTP[t ,QLJ\[P]V 5HJPVUHS KLS 7HY[PKV 4V]PTPLU[V 3PILY[HYPV ZVIYL SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ LU HJ[P]PKHKLZ LJVU}TPJHZ SxTP[L KL LUKL\KHTPLU[V ` WVZPIPSPKHK KL YLJPIPY OLYLUJPHZ ` SLNHKVZ

Levantamiento del secreto bancario en cuentas de partidos políticos. 2003-3489, Sala Constitucional. 9LJ\YZV KL HTWHYV PU[LYW\LZ[V WVY 1VZt /\TILY[V (YJL :HSHZ KPW\[HKV JVU[YH SVZ TPLTIYVZ KL SH 1\U[H +PYLJ[P]H .LULYHS KLS )HUJV KL *VZ[H 9PJH ` LS .LYLU[L .LULYHS KLS )HUJV KL *VZ[H 9PJH Resumen: 3H :HSH *VUZ[P[\JPVUHS ZPN\PLUKV SH [LZPZ KL X\L ZP J\HSX\PLY WLYZVUH W\LKL VI[LULY KL \U WHY[PKV WVSx[PJV PUMVYTHJP}U KL PU[LYtZ W‚ISPJV ZVIYL LZH HNY\WHJP}U JVTV SV LZ LS VYPNLU ` LS TVU[V KL Z\Z JVU[YPI\JPVULZ WYP]HKHZ PU[LYWYL[} X\L KL PN\HS MVYTH tZ[H W\LKL VI[LULYZL KL J\HSX\PLY V[YV LU[L W‚ISPJV V WYP]HKV X\L SH KPZWVUNH V WVZLH VYKLUHUKV H SHZ H\[VYPKHKLZ KL \U )HUJV ,Z[H[HS Z\TPUPZ[YHY PUMVYTHJP}U X\L OHIxH ZPKV YLX\LYPKH HJLYJH KL J\LU[HZ IHUJHYPHZ KL WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ ` X\L OHIxHU ZPKV KLULNHKHZ HSLNHUKV SH KLMLUZH KLS ZLJYL[V IHUJHYPV +PJOV WYVU\UJPHTPLU[V W\ZV KL THUPÄLZ[V X\L SHZ J\LU[HZ IHUJHYPHZ WHY[PKHYPHZ YLZN\HYKHU PUMVYTHJP}U X\L KLIL LU[LUKLYZL JVTV KL PU[LYtZ W‚ISPJV PUJS\ZV WHYH JVU HX\LSSHZ JVU[YPI\JPVULZ KL UH[\YHSLaH WYP]HKH X\L WVY KPZWVZPJP}U JVUZ[P[\JPVUHS HY[xJ\SV WmYYHMV ‡ LZ[mU [HTIPtU ZVTL[PKHZ HS WYPUJPWPV KL W\ISPJPKHK

Liquidación de gastos de los partidos políticos. 2287-E-2001, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. :VSPJP[\K KL PU[LYWYL[HJP}U KL SVZ HY[xJ\SVZ ` KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS MVYT\SHKH WVY LS ZL|VY 5VYTHU =PSSHSVIVZ 4HY[xULa LU Z\ JVUKPJP}U KL .LYLU[L KL SH +P]PZP}U KL +LZHYYVSSV 0UZ[P[\JPVUHS KL SH *VU[YHSVYxH .LULYHS KL SH 9LW‚ISPJH 2321-1-E-2001, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. (KPJP}U ` HJSHYHJP}U KL SH YLZVS\JP}U U ‡ , TLKPHU[L SH J\HS LS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ JVU[LZ[} SH ZVSPJP[\K KL PU[LYWYL[HJP}U KL SVZ HY[xJ\SVZ ` KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS MVYT\SHKH WVY LS .LYLU[L KL SH +P]PZP}U KL +LZHYYVSSV 0UZ[P[\JPVUHS KL SH *VU[YHSVYxH .LULYHS KL SH 9LW‚ISPJH

Fideicomisos. 904-E-2003, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. *VUZ\S[H WSHU[LHKH WVY LS ZL|VY .PSILY[V .}TLa .\PSStU *VU[HKVY 0UZ[P[\JPVUHS YLSH[P]H HS ¸-PKLPJVTPZV WHYH LS JVU[YVS ` [YHUZWHYLUJPH KL SH JLZP}U KL SH KL\KH WVSx[PJH KLS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS¹

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484-E-2004, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL 9L]PZP}U WSHU[LHKV WVY LS ZL|VY +PW\[HKV 1VZt /\TILY[V (YJL :HSHZ JVU[YH SH YLZVS\JP}U 5¢ , KLS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ ` KLU\UJPH JVUJVTP[HU[L JVU[YH LS ;LZVYLYV TPLTIYVZ KLS *VTP[t ,QLJ\[P]V KLS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS ` JVU[YPI\`LU[LZ KLUVTPUHKVZ ¸Ã„K\JPHYPVZ HS[LYUVZ¹ JVU VJHZP}U KL SH Z\ZJYPWJP}U ` LQLJ\JP}U KLS JVU[YH[V KLUVTPUHKV ¸-PKLPJVTPZV WHYH LS JVU[YVS ` [YHUZWHYLUJPH KL SH JLZP}U KL SH KL\KH WVSx[PJH KLS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS¹ JLSLIYHKV LU[YL tZ[L ` LS )HUJV KL *VZ[H 9PJH

DERECHO ELECTORAL H 7YPUJPWPVZ KLS +LYLJOV ,SLJ[VYHS! Conservación del acto electoral e impedimento de falseamiento de la voluntad popular. 907-1997, TYPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ 9LJ\YZVZ KL HWLSHJP}U WYLZLU[HKVZ WVY SVZ ZL|VYLZ 1VZt 4PN\LS *VYYHSLZ )VSH|VZ ` >HS[LY *V[V 4VSPUH JVU[YH SH YLZVS\JP}U KL SHZ ! OVYHZ KLS KL Q\SPV KL KPJ[HKH WVY SH +PYLJJP}U .LULYHS KLS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS Resumen: ( YHxa KL \UH YLÃ…L_P}U Q\YxKPJH YLZWLJ[V KL SHZ U\SPKHKLZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ LS ;YPI\UHS KLZHYYVSSH KVZ WYPUJPWPVZ KVJ[YPUHYPVZ X\L PUMVYTHU LS KLYLJOV LSLJ[VYHS! LS WYPUJPWPV KL UV MHSZLHTPLU[V KL SH ]VS\U[HK WVW\SHY ` LS WYPUJPWPV KL JVUZLY]HJP}U KLS HJ[V LSLJ[VYHS *VTV JVUZLJ\LUJPH KL Z\ HUmSPZPZ PU[LNYHS OHJL \UH PU[LYWYL[HJP}U YLZWLJ[V KL SVZ HSJHUJLZ KLS PUJPZV O KLS HY[xJ\SV ` KLS ‚S[PTV WmYYHMV KLS HY[xJ\SV HTIVZ KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS

Participación de menores de edad en procesos electorales internos. 2397-E-2000, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. (JJP}U KL 5\SPKHK PU[LYW\LZ[H WVY -LYUHUKV AHTVYH *HZ[LSSHUVZ JVU[YH LS WYVJLZV KL ,SLJJP}U KL SH 7YLZPKLUJPH KL SH 1\]LU[\K KLS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS Resumen: +HKV X\L LU LS VYKLUHTPLU[V Q\YxKPJV JVZ[HYYPJLUZL SH TLTIYLZxH WHY[PKHYPH LZ[m YLZLY]HKH LU MVYTH L_JS\ZP]H H SVZ JP\KHKHUVZ LS ;YPI\UHS JVUZPKLY} X\L UV LZ HKTPZPISL X\L SVZ WHY[PKVZ SH H\[VYPJLU H X\PLULZ UV VZ[LU[LU LZH JVUKPJP}U Tm_PTL ZP LU LS WYVJLZV LU LS X\L ZL WLYTP[L SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL TLUVYLZ ZL LSPNLU YLWYLZLU[HU[LZ KLS 4V]PTPLU[V KL SH 1\]LU[\K X\L KL WSLUV KLYLJOV ZL PUJVYWVYHU H [VKH SH VYNHUPaHJP}U ` LZ[Y\J[\YH WHY[PKHYPH KLZKL KVUKL ZL [VTHU KLJPZPVULZ X\L [YHZJPLUKLU HS mTIP[V UHJPVUHS

Participación política de extranjeros. 183-E-2001, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. +LU\UJPH PU[LYW\LZ[H WVY ;VTmZ ,ZX\P]LS *LYKHZ WVY WYLZ\U[H PUMYHJJP}U HS HY[xJ\SV KL SH *VUZ[P[\JP}U 7VSx[PJH LU ]PY[\K KL SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL

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\U JHU[HU[L L_[YHUQLYV LU LS HJ[V KL WYLZLU[HJP}U KL SH WYLJHUKPKH[\YH KLS 0UN 9VSHUKV (YH`H 4VUNL H SH JVU]LUJP}U PU[LYUH KLS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS 2531-E-2005, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones :HU 1VZt H SHZ JH[VYJL OVYHZ JVU [YLPU[H ` JPUJV TPU\[VZ KLS ]LPU[PZtPZ KL VJ[\IYL KLS KVZ TPS JPUJV 9LJ\YZV KL (TWHYV ,SLJ[VYHS WYVTV]PKV WVY 1VZt 4HU\LS ,JOHUKP 4LaH JVU[YH LS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ ` LS 4PUPZ[LYPV KL 9LSHJPVULZ ,_[LYPVYLZ 1038-E-2002, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. *VUZ\S[H WSHU[LHKH WVY LS ZL|VY ,K\HYKV =xSJOLa /\Y[HKV +PYLJ[VY .LULYHS KL 4PNYHJP}U ` ,_[YHUQLYxH Imposibilidad de desconocer designaciones realizadas por consulta popular. 1671-E-2001, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL HTWHYV LSLJ[VYHS WYVTV]PKV WVY 6SNH 4HY[H 9VKYxN\La 1PTtULa 4HYPV +L]UHKHZ )YLULZ ,]H *HYHaV =HYNHZ ` 4HYPV )LYT KLa 4tUKLa JVU[YH SH (ZHTISLH 5HJPVUHS ` LS *VTP[t ,QLJ\[P]V :\WLYPVY 5HJPVUHS KLS 7HY[PKV -\LYaH +LTVJYm[PJH Resumen: ,S ;YPI\UHS WYLJPZ} X\L ZP IPLU H SH HZHTISLH Z\WLYPVY WHY[PKHYPH LZ H SH X\L SL JVTWL[L YH[PÄJHY SHZ JHUKPKH[\YHZ KL JPLY[VZ JHYNVZ KL LSLJJP}U WVW\SHY KPJOH YH[PÄJHJP}U UV YLZ\S[H ULJLZHYPH J\HUKV SHZ KLZPNUHJPVULZ ZL OHNHU JVU IHZL LU JVU]LUJPVULZ \ V[YVZ WYVJLKPTPLU[VZ KL JVUZ\S[H WVW\SHY WYL]PZ[VZ LU SVZ YLZWLJ[P]VZ LZ[H[\[VZ `H X\L LZVZ WYVJLKPTPLU[VZ KL WVZ[\SHJP}U WVW\SHY YLZ\S[HU L_WYLZP]VZ KL SH ]VS\U[HK KL SHZ IHZLZ WHY[PKHYPHZ SH J\HS UV W\LKL ZLY PNUVYHKH WVY SVZ }YNHUVZ WHY[PKHYPVZ YLWYLZLU[H[P]VZ PUJS\PKH SH HZHTISLH Z\WLYPVY

Principio de igualdad. 2130-E-2001, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL (TWHYV LSLJ[VYHS PU[LYW\LZ[V WVY +HPZ` :LYYHUV =HYNHZ JVU[YH LS ;YPI\UHS KL i[PJH ` KPZJPWSPUH ` JVU[YH LS ;YPI\UHS KL ,SLJJPVULZ 0U[LYUHZ HTIVZ KLS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS Resumen: ,S ;:, LU YLZN\HYKV KLS WYPUJPWPV JVUZ[P[\JPVUHS HS KLIPKV WYVJLZV HU\S} \U WYVJLKPTPLU[V ZHUJPVUH[VYPV PUJVHKV WVY LS ;YPI\UHS KL i[PJH ` +PZJPWSPUH KLS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS JVU[YH \UH TPSP[HU[L `H X\L SL [YHZNYLKxH Z\ KLYLJOV KL KLMLUZH WYVWPJPHUKV \U [YH[V KLZPN\HS ` KPZJYPTPUH[VYPV :PLUKV X\L SH TPSP[HU[L LYH JHUKPKH[H H KPW\[HKH KLZPNUHKH TLKPHU[L \UH JVUZ\S[H WVW\SHY SH YLZVS\JP}U KL JP[H Z\IYH`} X\L UV WVKxH ULNmYZLSL SH WVZPIPSPKHK KL ZVTL[LY Z\ UVTPUHJP}U HU[L SH (ZHTISLH 5HJPVUHS WHYH LMLJ[VZ KL Z\ YH[PÄJHJP}U ZPU HU[LZ OHILYZL SSL]HKV H JHIV LS WYVJLKPTPLU[V KLIPKV JVUMVYTL H SHZ UVYTHZ LZ[H[\[HYPHZ SLNHSLZ ` JVUZ[P[\JPVUHSLZ ]PNLU[LZ YLP[LYHUKV HZx Z\ [LZPZ Q\YPZWY\KLUJPHS KL X\L \UH HZHTISLH Z\WLYPVY WHY[PKHYPH UV W\LKL KLZJVUVJLY SHZ KLZPNUHJPVULZ X\L ZL OHNHU JVU IHZL LU JVU]LUJPVULZ \ V[YVZ WYVJLKPTPLU[VZ KL JVUZ\S[H WVW\SHY WYL]PZ[VZ LU SVZ YLZWLJ[P]VZ LZ[H[\[VZ `H X\L LZVZ WYVJLKPTPLU[VZ KL WVZ[\SHJP}U WVW\SHY YLZ\S[HU L_WYLZP]VZ KL SH ]VS\U[HK KL SHZ IHZLZ WHY[PKHYPHZ SH J\HS UV W\LKL ZLY PNUVYHKH WVY SVZ }YNHUVZ WHY[PKHYPVZ YLWYLZLU[H[P]VZ PUJS\PKH SH HZHTISLH Z\WLYPVY

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I +LTVJYHJPH ` YLWYLZLU[HJP}U WVSx[PJH Derecho de asociación política y partidos políticos. 2881-95, Sala Constitucional. (JJP}U KL PUJVUZ[P[\JPVUHSPKHK WYVTV]PKH WVY ,K\HYKV ,YULZ[V 4VYH =HS]LYKL JVU[YH SVZ WmYYHMVZ [LYJLYV J\HY[V ` X\PU[V KLS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS Resumen: ,Z[PTH SH :HSH *VUZ[P[\JPVUHS KL SH *VY[L :\WYLTH KL 1\Z[PJPH LU HKLSHU[L SH :HSH X\L YLJVUVJLY JPLY[HZ PTWLYMLJJPVULZ LU LS TLJHUPZTV KL LSLJJP}U KL SVZ }YNHUVZ PU[LYUVZ KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ UV LZ YHa}U Z\ÄJPLU[L WHYH KLJSHYHY SH PUJVUZ[P[\JPVUHSPKHK KL SHZ UVYTHZ PTW\NUHKHZ ZP tZ[HZ WYVWVULU \UH LZ[Y\J[\YH X\L ZH[PZMHJL L_PNLUJPHZ TxUPTHZ KLZ[PUHKHZ H L]P[HY V H[LU\HY SH VSPNHYX\PaHJP}U KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ 5367-99, Sala Constitucional. 9LJ\YZV KL HTWHYV WSHU[LHKV WVY 9HT}U (N\PSHY -HJPV LU JVU[YH KL SH (ZHTISLH 3LNPZSH[P]H WVY YLUKPY \U PUMVYTL LU J\`V HWHY[HKV + ZL SL JP[} ` ZL YLJVTLUK} X\L LS ;YPI\UHS KL i[PJH KLS WHY[PKV WVSx[PJV HS X\L tS WLY[LULJL PUPJPL \U WYVJLKPTPLU[V [LUKPLU[L H Z\ L_W\SZP}U W\LZ SH JVTPZP}U JVUZPKLY} X\L (N\PSHY -HJPV OHIxH PUJ\YYPKV LU [YmÄJV KL PUÃ…\LUJPHZ JVUÃ…PJ[V KL PU[LYLZLZ VTPZP}U ` [LYNP]LYZHJP}U KL PUMVYTHJP}U Resumen: *VTV SV OHIxH HWYLJPHKV SH :HSH LU SH ZLU[LUJPH U ¢ \U SxTP[L HS LQLYJPJPV KL SH WV[LZ[HK KL PU]LZ[PNHJP}U KL SHZ JVTPZPVULZ SLNPZSH[P]HZ SV JVUZ[P[\`L LS WYPUJPWPV KL KP]PZP}U KL WVKLYLZ (Zx LU[LUKPKV UV VIZ[HU[L X\L LS PUMVYTL YLUKPKV WVY SH JP[HKH JVTPZP}U ` HWYVIHKV WVY LS 7SLUHYPV 3LNPZSH[P]V UV JVUZ[P[\`L LU LS ZLU[PKV MVYTHS \UH ZHUJP}U LS YLZ\S[HKV X\L WYVK\JL LZL PUMVYTL LU LS mTIP[V KLS HTWHYHKV Zx NVaH KL LZL JHYmJ[LY KLZKL LS W\U[V KL ]PZ[H TH[LYPHS WVY SV X\L JVYYLZWVUKL H SH VYNHUPaHJP}U PU[LYUH KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ KL[LYTPUHY X\t WLYZVUHZ W\LKLU ZLY HKTP[PKHZ ` LZ[HISLJLY J\mSLZ V[YHZ KLILU ZLY L_JS\PKHZ

Libre agrupación en partidos políticos y concepto de democracia. 1440-E-2000, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. (JJPVULZ KL U\SPKHK HIZVS\[H HJ\T\SHKHZ WYLZLU[HKHZ WVY Z\ VYKLU WVY SVZ ZL|VYLZ -HIPV ,UYPX\L +LSNHKV /LYUmUKLa ` (S]HYV 4HYxU 9VQHZ H SH X\L ZL [\]V WVY HKOLYPKVZ HS ZL|VY (S]HYV 4VU[LYV 4LQxH ` H SH ZL|VYH ,ZWLYHUaH ;HZPLZ *HZ[YV ` WVY 3HYY` >LPU *HS]PU ` 1VZt 3\PZ *HZ[PSSV :VSHUV LU JVU[YH KL SH JVU]VJH[VYPH H HZHTISLHZ KPZ[YP[HSLZ JHU[VUHSLZ WYV]PUJPHSLZ ` UHJPVUHS HJVYKHKH WVY LS *VTP[t ,QLJ\[P]V :\WLYPVY KLS 7HY[PKV -\LYaH +LTVJYm[PJH Resumen: 4LKPHU[L SH YLZVS\JP}U KL TtYP[V LS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ LU HKLSHU[L ;:, V LS ;YPI\UHS HU\S} SH JVU]VJH[VYPH YLHSPaHKH WVY LS *VTP[t ,QLJ\[P]V :\WLYPVY KL -\LYaH +LTVJYm[PJH WHYH SHZ HZHTISLHZ KPZ[YP[HSLZ JHU[VUHSLZ WYV]PUJPHSLZ ` UHJPVUHS KLS H|V KHKH SH PYYLN\SHY PU[LNYHJP}U KL LZL }YNHUV JVU \U Z\WSLU[L ZPU OHILYSV JVT\UPJHKV H \UV KL SVZ [P[\SHYLZ PU[LNYHU[LZ WVY SH MHS[H KL JVTWL[LUJPH LU SH JYLHJP}U KL \U *VTP[t 7VSx[PJV 5HJPVUHS (TWSPHKV HS X\L ZL SL V[VYNHYVU M\UJPVULZ WYVWPHZ KL V[YHZ PUZ[HUJPHZ ` WVY OHILY UVTIYHKV [HTIPtU LZL *VTP[t ,QLJ\[P]V :\WLYPVY H \U ;YPI\UHS KL ,SLJJPVULZ 0U[LYUHZ ZPLUKV

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[HS WYLYYVNH[P]H JVTWL[LUJPH KL SH (ZHTISLH 5HJPVUHS +L LZWLJPHS PTWVY[HUJPH LS ;YPI\UHS OHJL ]LY X\L [VKH PU[LYWYL[HJP}U LU TH[LYPH LSLJ[VYHS KLIL LZ[HY WYLJLKPKH KL SH VISPNHKH YLMLYLUJPH JVUZ[P[\JPVUHS HS JVUJLW[V KL SPIYL HNY\WHJP}U LU WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ JVTV \UH LZWLJPL KL NtULYV HS KLYLJOV KL SPIYL HZVJPHJP}U ` HS JVUJLW[V KL KLTVJYHJPH ,U KLZHYYVSSV KL LZ[VZ WYPUJPWPVZ ZL MVTLU[H SH KLTVJYH[PaHJP}U PU[LYUH KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ IHQV LS THYJV KL NHYHU[xH KLTVJYm[PJH PN\HSKHK ` ZLN\YPKHK LU SVZ WYVJLZVZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ X\L LS ;YPI\UHS KLIL ]PNPSHY ZPU TLUVZJHIHY LS KLYLJOV KL H\[VYYLN\SHJP}U PU[LYUH KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ

Designaciรณn de candidatos. 2000-2855, Sala Constitucional. (JJP}U KL PUJVUZ[P[\JPVUHSPKHK WYVTV]PKH WVY 1VZt 7HISV :HIVYxV <UKLY^VVK JVU[YH LS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS

Representaciรณn polรญtica. 2001-3419, Sala Constitucional. (JJP}U KL PUJVUZ[P[\JPVUHSPKHK WYVTV]PKH WVY 6THY 6IHUKV :\mYLa TH`VY JVU[YH LS WmYYHMV ร UHS ` LS [YHUZP[VYPV KLS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS Resumen: 7\U[\HSPaH SH :HSH X\L SH UVYTH PTW\NUHKH WYVWVUL \UH LZ[Y\J[\YH X\L ZH[PZMHJL \U WVYJLU[HQL TxUPTV KLZ[PUHKV H L]P[HY V H[LU\HY LS WYVJLZV OPZ[}YPJV KL KPZJYPTPUHJP}U ` KLZPN\HSKHK X\L ZL OH KHKV LU WLYQ\PJPV KL SH T\QLY LU SVZ }YNHUVZ KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ ZPU X\L LSSV ZPNUPร X\L LU TVKV HSN\UV \U [YH[V KPZ[PU[V WHYH SVZ ]HYVULZ X\L SSLN\L HS L_[YLTV KL PTWLKPY Z\ WHY[PJPWHJP}U 1847-E-2003, ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ 9LJ\YZV KL HTWHYV LSLJ[VYHS PU[LYW\LZ[V WVY LS ZL|VY 4HYPV 9VKYxN\La )HKPSSH JVU[YH LS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ ` JVU[YH SVZ KPW\[HKVZ /\TILY[V (YJL :HSHZ 8\xYPJV 1PTtULa 4HKYPNHS ,S]PH 5H]HYYV =HYNHZ ,TPSPH 4HYxH 9VKYxN\La (YPHZ 9HMHLS ร UNLS =HYLSH .YHUHKVZ ` 1\HU 1VZt =HYNHZ -HSSHZ X\PLULZ ZL ZLWHYHYVU KLS 7HY[PKV (JJP}U *P\KHKHUH Resumen: ,S ;YPI\UHS KL[LYTPU} X\L UV JVUZ[P[\`L JH\ZHS KL WtYKPKH KL SH JYLKLUJPHS KL KPW\[HKV LS X\L tZ[L KLQL KL WLY[LULJLY HS WHY[PKV WVSx[PJV X\L SV WVZ[\S} `H ZLH ]VS\U[HYPHTLU[L V WVY L_W\SZP}U KLIPKV H X\L ZL HWHY[L KLS JYP[LYPV WHY[PKHYPV LU Z\ SHIVY WHYSHTLU[HYPH SH SSHTHKH ยธSxULH KL WHY[PKVยน V WVY J\HSX\PLY V[YV TV[P]V 3H YLZVS\JP}U HI\UKH ZVIYL SHZ JHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZ KLS THUKH[V WHYSHTLU[HYPV X\L H SH S\a KLS HY[xJ\SV KL SH *VUZ[P[\JP}U 7VSx[PJH ยธ3VZ +PW\[HKVZ [PLULU LZL JHYmJ[LY WVY SH 5HJP}U ` ZLYmU LSLNPKVZ WVY WYV]PUJPHZยน UV [PLUL JHYmJ[LY PTWLYH[P]V ZPUV YLWYLZLU[H[P]V YLZ\S[HUKV LU[VUJLZ PUJVTWH[PISL JVU \UH WVZPISL YL]VJHJP}U WVY WHY[L KLS WHY[PKV X\L OH JVU[YPI\PKV JVU SH LSLJJP}U KLS YLZWLJ[P]V KPW\[HKV

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J 7HY[PJPWHJP}U -LTLUPUH! Cuota de participaciรณn femenina en puestos elegibles. 1863-1999, ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ :VSPJP[\K WYLZLU[HKH WVY LS 0UZ[P[\[V KL SH *VUKPJP}U KL SH 4\QLY JVU LS WYVW}ZP[V KL X\L ZL YL]PZL SV HJVYKHKV WVY LZ[L ;YPI\UHS LU YLSHJP}U JVU SHZ J\V[HZ KL WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL SHZ T\QLYLZ LU SHZ WHWLSL[HZ KPW\[HKPSLZ ` T\UPJPWHSLZ ` LU SHZ KLZPNUHJPVULZ KL SHZ HZHTISLHZ WHY[PKPZ[HZ HZx JVTV KL YLNSHTLU[HJP}U KL SVZ TLJHUPZTVZ KL PTWSLTLU[HJP}U KL LZ[HZ J\V[HZ ` KL SH JHWHJP[HJP}U KL SHZ T\QLYLZ Resumen: :P IPLU LS ZPZ[LTH SLNHS LSLJ[VYHS JVZ[HYYPJLUZL LZ[PW\SHIH SH VISPNHJP}U KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ KL PUJS\PY LU Z\Z LZ[H[\[VZ \U TLJHUPZTV X\L HZLN\YHYH SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U MLTLUPUH \U WVYJLU[HQL KLS LU SH YLZVS\JP}U JP[HKH ZL OPaV YLHS ` LMLJ[P]V `H X\L ZL LZ[HISLJP} X\L tZ[L UV Z}SV KLIxH HWHYLJLY YLร LQHKV LU SH SPZ[H WHY[PKHYPH NSVIHSTLU[L JVUZPKLYHKH ZPUV [HTIPtU LU Z\Z ยธW\LZ[VZ LSLNPISLZยน :L LZ[HISLJP} HZx X\L JVYYLZWVUKLYxH H SVZ WYVWPVZ WHY[PKVZ KPZL|HY M}YT\SHZ LZ[H[\[HYPHZ WHYH NHYHU[PaHY [HS WVYJLU[HQL ` LS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS ZVSV PUZJYPIPYxH HX\LSSHZ SPZ[HZ X\L YLZWL[HYHU LS TLJHUPZTV YLZWLJ[P]V 4LKPHU[L YLZVS\JP}U WVZ[LYPVY U ยข KL SHZ OVYHZ KLS KL KPJPLTIYL KL LS ;YPI\UHS ZL|HS} X\L LU JHZV KL PULYJPH LU WYVJLKLY H [HS YLKPZL|V LZ[H[\[HYPV LS 9LNPZ[YV YL]PZHYxH SHZ U}TPUHZ \[PSPaHUKV LS ยธJYP[LYPV OPZ[}YPJVยน LZ KLJPY KL[LYTPUHUKV SVZ ยธW\LZ[VZ LSLNPISLZยน KL JHKH WHY[PKV ZLNย U LS WYVTLKPV YLZ\S[HU[L KL Z\ OPZ[VYPHS LSLJ[VYHS

Inscripciรณn del Partido Nueva Liga Feminista. 40 % de cuota femenina es un umbral mรญnimo. Acciรณn a๏ฌ rmativa. 2096-E-2005, ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ 9LJ\YZV KL (WLSHJP}U WSHU[LHKV WVY SH 7YLZPKLU[H KLS *VTP[t ,QLJ\[P]V :\WLYPVY KLS 7HY[PKV 5\L]H 3PNH -LTPUPZ[H JVU[YH SH YLZVS\JP}U Uย TLYV 77+. KPJ[HKH WVY SH +PYLJJP}U .LULYHS KLS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS X\L KLULN} SH ZVSPJP[\K KL PUZJYPWJP}U H LZJHSH WYV]PUJPHS KL LZL 7HY[PKV Resumen: 9LJ\YZV KL HWLSHJP}U WVY UV PUZJYPIPY \U WHY[PKV X\L LU Z\ VYNHUPaHJP}U PU[LYUH Z\WLYHIH LS KL T\QLY ,S ;YPI\UHS JVUZPKLY} X\L LZL UV LYH \U VIZ[mJ\SV WHYH PTWLKPYSL SH PUZJYPWJP}U WVY J\HU[V SH HJJP}U Hร YTH[P]H WYL]PZ[H LU LS WmYYHMV ร UHS KLS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS YLZWLJ[V KLS WVYJLU[HQL VISPNH[VYPV TxUPTV KL WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL SHZ T\QLYLZ W\LKL H\TLU[HYZL WVY X\L UV L_PZ[L SL` X\L SV PTWPKH WLYV UV KPZTPU\PYZL

Conformaciรณn de la papeleta presidencial respetando cuota de gรฉnero. 1544-E-2001, ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ *VUZ\S[H MVYT\SHKH WVY SH ZL|VYH 9PUH *VU[YLYHZ LU Z\ JHSPKHK KL 7YLZPKLU[H KLS 7HY[PKV <UPKHK :VJPHS *YPZ[PHUH ` LS ZL|VY -LYUmU .\HYKPH .\[PtYYLa ;LZVYLYV 5HJPVUHS KLS 7HY[PKV <UPKHK :VJPHS *YPZ[PHUH

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Resumen: ,S ;YPI\UHS KL[LYTPU} X\L UV JVUZ[P[\`L JH\ZHS KL WtYKPKH KL SH JYLKLUJPHS KL KPW\[HKV LS X\L tZ[L KLQL KL WLY[LULJLY HS WHY[PKV WVSx[PJV X\L SV WVZ[\S} `H ZLH ]VS\U[HYPHTLU[L V WVY L_W\SZP}U KLIPKV H X\L ZL HWHY[L KLS JYP[LYPV WHY[PKHYPV LU Z\ SHIVY WHYSHTLU[HYPH SH SSHTHKH ¸SxULH KL WHY[PKV¹ V WVY J\HSX\PLY V[YV TV[P]V 3H YLZVS\JP}U HI\UKH ZVIYL SHZ JHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZ KLS THUKH[V WHYSHTLU[HYPV X\L H SH S\a KLS HY[xJ\SV KL SH *VUZ[P[\JP}U 7VSx[PJH ¸3VZ +PW\[HKVZ [PLULU LZL JHYmJ[LY WVY SH 5HJP}U ` ZLYmU LSLNPKVZ WVY WYV]PUJPHZ¹ UV [PLUL JHYmJ[LY PTWLYH[P]V ZPUV YLWYLZLU[H[P]V YLZ\S[HUKV LU[VUJLZ PUJVTWH[PISL JVU \UH WVZPISL YL]VJHJP}U WVY WHY[L KLS WHY[PKV X\L OH JVU[YPI\PKV JVU SH LSLJJP}U KLS YLZWLJ[P]V KPW\[HKV

ELECCIONES H 4LJHUPZTVZ LSLJ[VYHSLZ! Votos nulos y votos en blanco. 2587-E-2001, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 0U[LYWYL[HJP}U KLS HY[xJ\SV KL SH *VUZ[P[\JP}U 7VSx[PJH Resumen: ,S ;YPI\UHS TLKPHU[L PU[LYWYL[HJP}U KL VÄJPV ` LU HYHZ KL LSPTPUHY JVU[YHKPJJPVULZ HJSHY} ` KLÄUP} X\L SVZ ]V[VZ U\SVZ V LU ISHUJV UV [LUKYxHU PUJPKLUJPH HSN\UH HS TVTLU[V KL JHSJ\SHY LS KL SVZ ]V[VZ WYL]PZ[V JVUZ[P[\JPVUHSTLU[L JVTV \TIYHS WHYH LSLNPY HS 7YLZPKLU[L LU \UH WYPTLYH ]\LS[H LSLJ[VYHS 2618-E-2005, TRIBUNAL SUPREMO DE ELECCIONES. :HU 1VZt H SHZ KVJL OVYHZ JVU [YLPU[H TPU\[VZ KLS ZPL[L KL UV]PLTIYL KLS KVZ TPS JPUJV *VUZ\S[H MVYT\SHKH WVY LS 7HY[PKV (JJP}U *P\KHKHUH LU [VYUV H SH ULJLZHYPH PUJS\ZP}U LU SHZ WHWLSL[HZ WHYH SHZ LSLJJPVULZ KLS KL MLIYLYV KLS KL \UH JVS\TUH HKPJPVUHS X\L WLYTP[H LS ]V[V LU ISHUJV SH J\HS KLILYm LU[LUKLYZL JVTV ]mSPKHTLU[L LTP[PKV Segunda vuelta electoral. 135-E-2002, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. *VUZ\S[H MVYT\SHKH WVY /\TILY[V (YJL :HSHZ LU Z\ JHSPKHK KL :LJYL[HYPV .LULYHS KLS 7HY[PKV (JJP}U *P\KHKHUH ` JHUKPKH[V H +PW\[HKV WVY SH 7YV]PUJPH KL (SHQ\LSH Resumen: *VUZ[P[\`L \UH KL SHZ KLJSHYHJPVULZ PU[LYWYL[H[P]HZ TmZ YLSL]HU[LZ WHYH LS WYVJLZV LSLJ[VYHS KLS H|V `H X\L ZP IPLU \UH ZLN\UKH ]\LS[H V YVUKH LSLJ[VYHS LZ[m WYL]PZ[H LU LS U\TLYHS JVUZ[P[\JPVUHS tZ[H LU SH OPZ[VYPH JVZ[HYYPJLUZL U\UJH ZL OHIxH ULJLZP[HKV =PZ[H SH JHYLUJPH KL SLNPZSHJP}U LS ;YPI\UHS ZLU[} SHZ IHZLZ ULJLZHYPHZ WHYH JVSTHY LZH SHN\UH SLNHS PU[LYWYL[HUKV X\L LZH ZLN\UKH ]\LS[H LYH \UH ZPTWSL L[HWH L]LU[\HS KL \U ‚UPJV WYVJLZV LSLJ[VYHS WVY SV X\L YLZ\S[HIHU KL HWSPJHJP}U L_[LUZP]H SHZ WH\[HZ NLULYHSLZ KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS

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Cuotas de inscripción de candidatos. 578-3-E-2001, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL HTWHYV LSLJ[VYHS PU[LYW\LZ[V WVY =xJ[VY ,TPSPV 3mZJHYLa 3mZJHYLa JVU[YH :VUPH 7PJHKV :V[LSH LU Z\ JHSPKHK KL WYLZPKLU[H KLS KPYLJ[VYPV WVSx[PJV KLS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJPVU 5HJPVUHS 0U[LY]PLUL JVTV JVHK`\]HU[L +\SJL 4HYxH )HKPSSH +\HY[L LU Z\ JHSPKHK KL JHUKPKH[H H KPW\[HKH LU SH YLWYLZLU[HJP}U MLTLUPUH WVY SH 7YV]PUJPH KL .\HUHJHZ[L

Voto por medio de impresión digital 1997-3718, Sala Constitucional. (JJP}U KL PUJVUZ[P[\JPVUHSPKHK KL *VUZ[HU[PUV <YJ\`V -V\YUPLY HJ[\HUKV JVTV +PW\[HKV KL SH (ZHTISLH 3LNPZSH[P]H WHYH X\L ZL KLJSHYL X\L LS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS LZ PUJVUZ[P[\JPVUHS Domicilio electoral y domicilio residencial. 579-E-2002, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. +LU\UJPH MVYT\SHKH WVY LS ZL|VY *HYSVZ 4HU\LS 4\YPSSV 9VSKmU WVY LS [YHZSHKV THZP]V KL LSLJ[VYLZ HS KPZ[YP[V KL 8\LIYHKH .HUHKV KLS JHU[}U KL .HYHIP[V WYV]PUJPH KL 7\U[HYLUHZ Resumen: :PLUKV X\L ZL LSPTPU} KLS VYKLUHTPLU[V LSLJ[VYHS WVY YLMVYTH JVUZ[P[\JPVUHS SH WYVOPIPJP}U X\L [LUxH LS JP\KHKHUV KL ]V[HY LU \U S\NHY KPMLYLU[L HS KL Z\ KVTPJPSPV YLZPKLUJPHS ZL WYVK\QV LU MH]VY KLS JP\KHKHUV LS KLYLJOV KL LZJVNLY LS S\NHY LU X\L ]V[HYxH LS KxH KL SHZ LSLJJPVULZ UHJPVUHSLZ KL TVKV X\L LZ \U HZ\U[V SPIYHKV H SH ]VS\U[HK KLS LSLJ[VY LU LS X\L UV L_PZ[L WVZPIPSPKHK SLNHS WVY WHY[L KLS ;YPI\UHS :\WYLTV KL ,SLJJPVULZ WHYH J\LZ[PVUHY LZ[H KLJPZP}U

Invariabilidad de la División Territorial Administrativa en período preelectoral. 1883-E-20001, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones *VUZ\S[H MVYT\SHKH WVY LS ZL|VY ,K\HYKV )LKV`H )LUx[La +PYLJ[VY .LULYHS KLS 0UZ[P[\[V .LVNYmÄJV 5HJPVUHS ` :LJYL[HYPV KL SH *VTPZP}U 5HJPVUHS KL +P]PZP}U ;LYYP[VYPHS (KTPUPZ[YH[P]H Resumen: ,S ;YPI\UHS LZ[HISLJP} X\L SH WYVOPIPJP}U JVU[LUPKH LU LS HY[xJ\SV WYPTLYV KL SH 3L` U ¢ X\L PTWPKL HS 7VKLY ,QLJ\[P]V KL OHJLY TVKPÄJHJPVULZ H SH +P]PZP}U ;LYYP[VYPHS (KTPUPZ[YH[P]H JYLHUKV U\L]VZ KPZ[YP[VZ LU SVZ JH[VYJL TLZLZ WYL]PVZ H \UH LSLJJP}U LYH HWSPJHISL H SHZ LSLJJPVULZ KL HSJHSKLZ ZxUKPJVZ ` TPLTIYVZ KL JVUJLQVZ KL KPZ[YP[V `H X\L KL WLYTP[PYZL LZHZ TVKPÄJHJPVULZ K\YHU[L LZL WLYPVKV KPZ[YP[VZ YLJPtU JYLHKVZ WVKYxHU X\LKHYZL ZPU LSLNPY SVZ TPLTIYVZ KL SVZ JVUJLQVZ KL KPZ[YP[V ` WYPUJPWHSTLU[L LS ZxUKPJV X\L SVZ YLWYLZLU[HYxH LU SH T\UPJPWHSPKHK

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Pago de salario respectivo, sin rebaja, a trabajadores que laboren como miembros de Junta Receptora de Votos el día de una elección popular 1404-E-2002, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 0U[LYWYL[HJP}U L PU[LNYHJP}U KLS HY[xJ\SV PUJPZV Q KLS *}KPNV KL ;YHIHQV 3L` 5‡ KL KL HNVZ[V KL

I :PZ[LTH LSLJ[VYHS! Adjudicación de plazas por cociente y subcociente. 7383-97, Sala Constitucional. (JJP}U KL PUJVUZ[P[\JPVUHSPKHK PU[LYW\LZ[H WVY =xJ[VY /\NV .VUamSLa 4VU[LYV 7YLZPKLU[L KLS *VTP[t ,QLJ\[P]V 5HJPVUHS KLS 7HY[PKV (SPHUaH 5HJPVUHS *YPZ[PHUH JVU[YH LS HY[xJ\SV WmYYHMV ¢ KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS WVY JVUZPKLYHYSV JVU[YHYPV H SV KPZW\LZ[V LU LS HY[xJ\SV KL SH *VUZ[P[\JP}U 7VSx[PJH WVYX\L KPZJYPTPUH H SVZ WHY[PKVZ TPUVYP[HYPVZ HS WLYTP[PY X\L SVZ WHY[PKVZ TH`VYP[HYPVZ VI[LUNHU KPW\[HKVZ JVU TH`VY MHJPSPKHK X\L SVZ WHY[PKVZ TPUVYP[HYPVZ Resumen: 3H :HSH YH[PÄJ} SH JVUZ[P[\JPVUHSPKHK KL SH IHYYLYH SLNHS ¶Z\IJVJPLU[L¶ X\L ZL LZ[HISLJL LU LS VYKLUHTPLU[V Q\YxKPJV JVZ[HYYPJLUZL JVTV SxTP[L WHYH HJJLKLY H SH KPZ[YPI\JP}U KL WSHaHZ KPW\[HKPSLZ" WHYH LSSV YLWHZH SH PTWVY[HUJPH X\L WHYH LS ZPZ[LTH JVUZ[P[\JPVUHS YLWYLZLU[H LS WYPUJPWPV KLTVJYm[PJV WLYV H SH ]La HK]PLY[L X\L LS WS\YHSPZTV WVSx[PJV JVTV WHY[L KL HX\LS WYPUJPWPV UV W\LKL ZPNUPÄJHY X\L [VKVZ SVZ X\L WHY[PJPWLU LU LS WYVJLZV WVSx[PJV LSLJ[VYHS KLIHU YLJPIPY NHYHU[xHZ KL YLWYLZLU[HJP}U ZP [HSLZ NHYHU[xHZ H Z\ ]La H[LU[HYHU JVU[YH SH KLTVJYHJPH V SH W\ZPLYHU LU YPLZNV +L LZ[H MVYTH SH :HSH KLYP]H \U WYPUJPWPV KL YLWYLZLU[HJP}U KL SHZ TPUVYxHZ LU YLZWL[V KL SHZ YLNSHZ KL M\UJPVUHTPLU[V X\L YLX\PLYL SH KLTVJYHJPH WHYH Z\ VWLYH[P]PKHK KL Z\LY[L X\L HS[LYHY LZHZ YLNSHZ ZPZ[LTH KL JVJPLU[L ` Z\IJVJPLU[L SSL]H H WYVJ\YHY \U YPLZNV ` L]LU[\HS KLZHWHYPJP}U W\LZ ZL [LUKLYxH HS JHVZ PU[YxUZPJHTLU[L JVU[YHYPV H SV X\L ZL LU[PLUKL WVY KLTVJYHJPH 7384-97, Sala Constitucional. (JJP}U KL 0UJVUZ[P[\JPVUHSPKHK PU[LYW\LZ[H WVY =xJ[VY /\NV .VUamSLa 4VU[LYV 7YLZPKLU[L KLS *VTP[t ,QLJ\[P]V 5HJPVUHS KLS 7HY[PKV (SPHUaH 5HJPVUHS *YPZ[PHUH JVU[YH LS HY[xJ\SV KLS J}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS

Barrera electoral 576-E-2002, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. *VUZ\S[H WSHU[LHKH WVY LS ZL|VY 9VSHUKV .VUamSLa <SSVH LU Z\ JHSPKHK KL :LJYL[HYPV .LULYHS KLS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS Resumen: ,S TLJHUPZTV KL KPZ[YPI\JP}U KL WSHaHZ WHYH YLNPKVYLZ ` KPW\[HKVZ WYL]PZ[V LU LS WmYYHMV ¢ KLS HY[ KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS ¶JVJPLU[L ` YLZ[V TH`VY JVU IHYYLYH KL Z\IJVJPLU[L¶ WLYTP[L KPZ[YPI\PY SHZ WSHaHZ LU[YL SVZ WHY[PKVZ X\L HSJHUaHYVU JVJPLU[L" ZP X\LKHYL WSHaH SH KPZ[YPI\JP}U ZL OHJL H MH]VY KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ X\L VI[\]PLYVU JVJPLU[L WLYV PUJS\`LUKV [HTIPtU H SVZ X\L HSJHUaHYVU Z\IJVJPLU[L ¶JPMYH X\L M\UJPVUH JVTV IHYYLYH¶ VYKLUmUKVZL SHZ JPMYHZ

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YLZPK\HSLZ LU MVYTH KLJYLJPLU[L JVU WYPVYPKHK LU SH HKQ\KPJHJP}U LS KL TH`VY JPMYH YLZPK\HS 7YVJLKPTPLU[V X\L ZL YLWL[PYxH ZP X\LKHZLU WSHaHZ ZPU KPZ[YPI\PY

J *HTWH|H WYVWHNHUKH ` W\ISPJPKHK LSLJ[VYHS! Propaganda electoral. 1957-E-2005 Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. *VUZ\S[H WSHU[LHKH WVY 4H\YPJPV /LYUmUKLa *HZ[LSS}U 7YLZPKLU[L KLS :PUKPJH[V KL 7YVMLZPVUHSLZ LU *PLUJPHZ ,JVU}TPJHZ KLS .Y\WV 0*, JVU YLSHJP}U H SH KP]\SNHJP}U KL \U LZWHJPV W\ISPJP[HYPV LU JHKLUH KL [LSL]PZP}U WVY WHY[L KLS ZL|VY 6ZJHY (YPHZ :mUJOLa , Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones +LU\UJPHZ HJ\T\SHKHZ WSHU[LHKHZ WVY SVZ ZL|VYLZ -LYUHUKV 9VKYxN\La /LYYH *HYSVZ ,UYPX\L 4VU[V`H (SWxaHY WVY SH \[PSPaHJP}U KL SH IHUKLYH ` JVSVYLZ WH[YPVZ LU WH\[HZ W\ISPJP[HYPHZ KLS ZL|VY 6ZJHY (YPHZ :mUJOLa JHUKPKH[V WYLZPKLUJPHS KLS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS

Empresas de propaganda electoral. 1750-97, Sala Constitucional. 7YVJLZVZ JVUZ[P[\JPVUHSLZ HJ\T\SHKVZ! HJJPVULZ KL PUJVUZ[P[\JPVUHSPKHK U ¢ WYVTV]PKH WVY SVZ ZL|VYLZ (UKYtZ )VYYHZt :HUV\ LU Z\ JHYmJ[LY KL 7YLZPKLU[L KL SH *mTHYH KL +PHYPVZ 5HJPVUHSLZ ` U ¢ WVY -LYUHUKV .\PLY ,ZX\P]LS JVTV +LMLUZVY KL 3\PZ (T}U *HZ[YV HTIHZ JVU[YH LS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS LU NLULYHS ` LZWLJPHSTLU[L LU Z\Z WmYYHMVZ PUPJPHS ` ‚S[PTV ZPJ StHZL WLU‚S[PTV L PUJPZVZ J K M L P KLS [L_[V LU[VUJLZ ]PNLU[L ·HU[LZ KL Z\ YLMVYTH WVY 3L` U ¢ KL KL KPJPLTIYL KL ·" ` JVUZ\S[H Q\KPJPHS KL JVUZ[P[\JPVUHSPKHK 5V KLS 1\La *\HY[V KL 0UZ[Y\JJP}U LU JH\ZH JVU[YH 3PNPH KLS *HYTLU 3LP]H *HSKLY}U ` =xJ[VY 4HU\LS 1PTtULa 4tUKLa WVY LS KLSP[V LSLJ[VYHS WYL]PZ[V LU LS WmYYHMV WLU‚S[PTV KLS TPZTV HY[xJ\SV L_WLKPLU[L U ¢ KLS 1\aNHKV Resumen: 3H :HSH *VUZ[P[\JPVUHS KLJSHY} PUJVUZ[P[\JPVUHSLZ ]HYPVZ PUJPZVZ KLS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS JVUJYL[HTLU[L SVZ YLMLYPKVZ H SH KPM\ZP}U KL SH WYVWHNHUKH WVSx[PJH LSLJ[VYHS *VTV WYPUJPWHSLZ JVUZLJ\LUJPHZ KL LZ[H HJJP}U ZL [PLULU SH LSPTPUHJP}U KL SH YLZ[YPJJP}U YLMLYLU[L H X\L ‚UPJHTLU[L SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ WVKxHU YLHSPaHY WYVWHNHUKH WVSx[PJH" HZPTPZTV ZL LSPTPU} SH WV[LZ[HK X\L [LUxH LS ;:, KL Z\ZWLUKLY SH WYVWHNHUKH WVSx[PJH X\L PUMYPUNPLYH SH UVYTH[P]H LSLJ[VYHS

Limitaciones a la propaganda por las tendencias. 556-1-E-2001, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. *VUZ\S[H MVYT\SHKH WVY LS 1LML KL *HTWH|H ` WVY LS (ZLZVY 3LNHS KLS ¸4V]PTPLU[V *VYYHSPZ[H¹ LU [VYUV H SH WYVOPIPJP}U H SVZ WYLJHUKPKH[VZ

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KL LTP[PY WYVWHNHUKH WVSx[PJH JVU[LUPKH LU LS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS ` NLZ[P}U KL HJSHYHJP}U WYLZLU[HKH WVY SH 1LMH KL *HTWH|H KLS WYLJHUKPKH[V (U[VUPV (S]HYLa +LZHU[P KLS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS LU YLSHJP}U JVU LS JVU[LUPKV KL SH JPYJ\SHY Uย TLYV KL MLJOH KL KPJPLTIYL KLS Resumen: ,S ;YPI\UHS PU[LYWYL[} X\L SHZ KPZWVZPJPVULZ JVU[LUPKHZ LU LS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS YLSH[P]HZ H SHZ YLZ[YPJJPVULZ LU J\HU[V H SH KPM\ZP}U KL WYVWHNHUKH WVSx[PJH ZVU HWSPJHISLZ H SHZ [LUKLUJPHZ V TV]PTPLU[VZ ZP tZ[HZ ZL LUJ\LU[YHU KLIPKHTLU[L PUZJYP[HZ H \U WHY[PKV WVSx[PJV" TPLU[YHZ UV SV LZ[tU ZVU HJ[P]PKHKLZ WYP]HKHZ X\L UV LZ[mU Z\QL[HZ H LZHZ YLZ[YPJJPVULZ SLNHSLZ (ZPTPZTV SH WYVWHNHUKH X\L YLHSPJLU SHZ [LUKLUJPHZ ` Z\Z WYLJHUKPKH[VZ KLU[YV KL SVZ KVZ TLZLZ HU[LYPVYLZ H SH JVU]LUJP}U KLIL Z\QL[HYZL H SVZ THUKH[VZ ` YLZ[YPJJPVULZ KL SVZ HY[xJ\SVZ ` KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS

Medios de comunicaciรณn y precandidatos presidenciales. 1310-1-E-2000, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. *VUZ\S[H KLS 7HY[PKV 0U[LNYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS YLMLYPKH H SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL HZWPYHU[LZ H W\LZ[VZ KL LSLJJP}U WVW\SHY LU LZWHJPVZ KL VWPUP}U LU TLKPVZ KL JVT\UPJHJP}U JVSLJ[P]H Resumen: ,S ;YPI\UHS ZL WYVU\UJP} ZVIYL SH PTWYVJLKLUJPH KL X\L \U JHUKPKH[V MVYTHSTLU[L PUZJYP[V LU Z\ WHY[PKV H \U JHYNV KL LSLJJP}U WVW\SHY WHY[PJPWL JVTV JVUK\J[VY WYVK\J[VY LZJYP[VY V HUHSPZ[H KL LZWHJPVZ KL VWPUP}U LU SVZ TLKPVZ KL JVT\UPJHJP}U Wย ISPJVZ ,Z[H SPTP[HJP}U UV PTWSPJH X\L UV W\LKH VJHZPVUHSTLU[L PU[LY]LUPY LU tZ[VZ H [x[\SV KL ZPTWSL PU]P[HKV (OVYH IPLU KPJOH PUZJYPWJP}U KL JVUMVYTPKHK JVU LS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS ZL WYVK\JL J\HUKV SH HZHTISLH JVYYLZWVUKPLU[L KLS WHY[PKV YH[Pร JH SH KLZPNUHJP}U KL SVZ JHUKPKH[VZ ZPN\PLUKV SVZ TLJHUPZTVZ LZ[HISLJPKVZ LU Z\Z LZ[H[\[VZ

Debate presidencial en medio de comunicaciรณn televisivo. 2759-E-2001, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL (TWHYV ,SLJ[VYHS WSHU[LHKV WVY SVZ ZL|VYLZ >HS[LY *V[V 4VSPUH LU Z\ JHSPKHK KL JHUKPKH[V WYLZPKLUJPHS WVY LS 7HY[PKV *VHSPJP}U *HTIPV >HS[LY 4\|Va *tZWLKLZ LU Z\ JHYmJ[LY KL JHUKPKH[V WYLZPKLUJPHS WVY LS 7HY[PKV 0U[LNYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS ` 1\Z[V 6YVaJV ร S]HYLa LU Z\ JVUKPJP}U KL JHUKPKH[V WYLZPKLUJPHS WVY LS 7HY[PKV 9LUV]HJP}U *VZ[HYYPJLUZL JVU[YH SH <UP]LYZPKHK KL *VZ[H 9PJH LS 0UZ[P[\[V 5HJPVUHS KL SH 4\QLY ` ;LSL]PZVYH KL *VZ[H 9PJH : ( ;LSLUV[PJPHZ *HUHS Resumen: ,S ;YPI\UHS YLJVUVJP} X\L KLIPKV H X\L LS ,Z[HKV SLZ V[VYNH H SVZ JHUKPKH[VZ H SH WYLZPKLUJPH \UH ]La PUZJYP[H Z\ JHUKPKH[\YH HU[L LS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS \UH ZLYPL KL KLYLJOVZ LU[YL LSSVZ LS KL PN\HSKHK Q\YxKPJH WVY Z\ JVUKPJP}U KL WVY[HKVYLZ KL \UH VMLY[H WVSx[PJH J\HSX\PLY SPTP[HJP}U X\L SLZ PTWPKH H SVZ JHUKPKH[VZ SH KPM\ZP}U KL SH WYVW\LZ[H WVSx[PJH X\L YLWYLZLU[HU JVU ]LU[HQH WHYH V[YVZ X\L ZL LUJ\LU[YHU LU PKtU[PJH ZP[\HJP}U KLIL LU[LUKLYZL JVTV \UH NYH]L SPTP[HJP}U WHYH X\L SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ KPM\UKHU Z\ PKLVSVNxH LSLJ[VYHS JVU KL[YPTLU[V KL SH MVYTHJP}U KLTVJYm[PJH KL SVZ LSLJ[VYLZ ` JVU WLYQ\PJPV KL SH KLTVJYHJPH TPZTH 7YLJPZHTLU[L KLIPKV H LZ[H PN\HSKHK Q\YxKPJH Z\YNL SH VISPNHJP}U UV ZVSV KL SHZ PUZ[P[\JPVULZ Wย ISPJHZ ZPUV KL

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SVZ TLKPVZ KL PUMVYTHJP}U WYP]HKH KL PU]P[HY H SVZ MVYVZ W‚ISPJVZ V WYP]HKVZ X\L VYNHUPJLU H [VKVZ SVZ JHUKPKH[VZ H SH WYLZPKLUJPH KL SVZ WHY[PKVZ WVSx[PJVZ KLIPKHTLU[L PUZJYP[VZ LU LS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS `H X\L LZ[VZ MVYVZ ` KLIH[LZ WVY Z\ UH[\YHSLaH ZVU HJ[VZ WVSx[PJVZ X\L [PLULU \UH xU[PTH YLSHJP}U KL JH\ZHSPKHK LU[YL SH MVYTHJP}U KL SH ]VS\U[HK LSLJ[VYHS ` Z\ L_WYLZP}U KLÄUP[P]H TLKPHU[L LS ]V[V

DERECHO ELECTORAL MUNICIPAL

H ,SLJJPVULZ 4\UPJPWHSLZ! Bases constitucionales de los Gobiernos Locales. 1104-I-E-2002, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 0U[LYWYL[HJP}U KLS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS Resumen: 3H YLZVS\JP}U KL JP[H YLZ\S[H KL M\UKHTLU[HS PTWVY[HUJPH LU [HU[V KLZ[HJH H SVZ NVIPLYUVZ SVJHSLZ JVTV JVL_PZ[LU[LZ ` WHYHSLSVZ HS NVIPLYUV UHJPVUHS WSHU[LHUKV HZx X\L LS NVIPLYUV T\UPJPWHS ZL WYLZLU[H JVTV \UH YtWSPJH KLS NVIPLYUV UHJPVUHS WLYV H LZJHSH SVJHS +L LZ[H ¸PKtU[PJH S}NPJH KLTVJYm[PJH¹ WHYH SVZ NVIPLYUVZ SVJHSLZ LU SV X\L YLÄLYL H SH LSLJJP}U KL Z\Z H\[VYPKHKLZ LS ;YPI\UHS ZL ]HSP} WHYH PU[LYWYL[HY X\L SH H\ZLUJPH KL [VKH YLNSH SLNHS YLSH[P]H H SH VYNHUPaHJP}U KL SHZ LSLJJPVULZ T\UPJPWHSLZ VISPNH H HWSPJHY L_[LUZP]HTLU[L SH YLN\SHJP}U KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS LU [VYUV HS WYVJLZV LSLJ[VYHS H LZJHSH UHJPVUHS IHQV LS LU[LUKPKV X\L LS SLNPZSHKVY OPaV \U [mJP[V YLLU]xV H KPJOH UVYTH[P]H ;HS HWSPJHJP}U L_[LUZP]H J\IYL SH KPZWVZPJP}U WHY[PJ\SHY KLS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS OHIPKH J\LU[H KL SH ULJLZPKHK KL KV[HY HS ;YPI\UHS KL SH Z\ÄJPLU[L Ã…L_PIPSPKHK LU Z\Z WYVJLKPTPLU[VZ KL JVU[YH[HJP}U K\YHU[L SH tWVJH LSLJ[VYHS PUKLWLUKPLU[LTLU[L KL ZP tZ[H ZL KLZHYYVSSH LU LS WSHUV T\UPJPWHS

Prórroga en elección de Síndicos. 1734-E-2001, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 0U[LYWYL[HJP}U KL SVZ HY[xJ\SVZ ` ;YHUZP[VYPV 00 KLS *}KPNV 4\UPJPWHS 3L` U ¢ KLS KL HIYPS KL ` KLS *}KPNV ,SLJ[VYHS Resumen: :PLUKV X\L L_PZ[xHU UVYTHZ JVU[YHKPJ[VYPHZ ZVIYL LS TVTLU[V LU X\L KLIxH YLHSPaHYZL SH KLZPNUHJP}U KL SVZ ZxUKPJVZ T\UPJPWHSLZ LS ;YPI\UHS TLKPHU[L YLZVS\JP}U JSH]L WHYH SH HKLJ\HKH VYNHUPaHJP}U KLS WYVJLZV LSLJ[VYHS PU[LYWYL[} X\L Z\ LSLJJP}U KLIxH ]LYPÄJHYZL LU MVYTH ZPT\S[mULH JVU SH KL HSJHSKLZ ` TPLTIYVZ KL SVZ JVUJLQVZ KL KPZ[YP[V

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Requisitos para postulaciรณn como candidato a regidor municipal. 2106-E-2001, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones 9LJ\YZV KL (TWHYV ,SLJ[VYHS MVYT\SHKV WVY SH ZL|VYH 4H`YH 5\YPH (aVMLPMH *OH]HYYxH JVU[YH LS 7HY[PKV 3PILYHJP}U 5HJPVUHS Resumen: ,S JHTIPV KL KVTPJPSPV LSLJ[VYHS PTWPKL HS JHUKPKH[V H \UH YLNPK\YxH WVZ[\SHY Z\ UVTIYL ZPUV J\TWSL JVU SVZ KVZ H|VZ KL PUZJYPWJP}U LSLJ[VYHS LU LS S\NHY LU X\L ZL LQLYJLYm LS JHYNV 7VY [YH[HYZL KL \U YLX\PZP[V WHYH LQLYJLY LS JHYNV LS WSHaV KLIL ZH[PZMHJLYZL V JVU[HIPSPaHYZL HS TVTLU[V KL SH [VTH KL WVZLZP}U LU tZ[L

Postulaciรณn simultรกnea a dos cargos de elecciรณn popular 2061-E-2002, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones :VSPJP[\K KL PU[LYWYL[HJP}U WYLZLU[HKH WVY LS 7YLZPKLU[L ,QLJ\[P]V KLS 0UZ[P[\[V KL -VTLU[V ` (ZLZVYxH 4\UPJPWHS 1\HU 1VZt ,JOL]LYYxH (SMHYV YLSH[P]H H SH LSLJJP}U KL (SJHSKLZ *VUJLQVZ KL +PZ[YP[V ` *VUJLQVZ 4\UPJPWHSLZ KL +PZ[YP[V

Diferencia: Concejo de Distrito y Concejos Municipales de Distritos 1529-E-2002, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 0U[LYWYL[HJP}U KL SVZ HY[xJ\SVZ KLS *}KPNV 4\UPJPWHS ` KL SH 3L` U ยข KL KL KPJPLTIYL KLS

I +VTPJPSPV LSLJ[VYHS! Particularidades del domicilio electoral. 2380-E-2001, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. :VSPJP[\K KL PU[LYWYL[HJP}U KLS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV 4\UPJPWHS MVYT\SHKH WVY LS ZL|VY /\TILY[V =HYNHZ *HYIVULSS LU Z\ JHSPKHK KL :LJYL[HYPV KLS *VTP[t ,QLJ\[P]V 5HJPVUHS KLS 7HY[PKV 7\LISV <UPKV Resumen: ,S YLX\PZP[V KL LZ[HY PUZJYP[V LSLJ[VYHSTLU[L WVY SV TLUVZ JVU KVZ H|VZ KL HU[LYPVYPKHK LU LS S\NHY LU X\L ZL OH KL ZLY]PY WYL]PZ[V LU LS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV 4\UPJPWHS UV WVKxH L_JLWJPVUHYZL LU YHa}U KL SH LKHK KL \U PU[LYLZHKV LU WHY[PJ\SHY `H X\L SH WLYZVUH X\L ZL PUZJYPIL LSLJ[VYHSTLU[L WVY WYPTLYH ]La HS J\TWSPY H|VZ [HTIPtU KLILYxH J\TWSPY JVU LZL YLX\PZP[V HU[LZ KL WVKLY LQLYJLY LS JHYNV KL YLNPKVY V ZxUKPJV (ZPTPZTV LS JHTIPV KL KVTPJPSPV LSLJ[VYHS VJ\YYPKV KLU[YV KL SVZ KVZ H|VZ HU[LYPVYLZ HS TVTLU[V LU X\L ZL HZ\TPYxH [HS JHYNV PU[LYY\TWL LS YLMLYPKV WSHaV SV X\L PTWPKL Z\ WVZ[\SHJP}U

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Interrupción del domicilio electoral. 2461-1-E-2001, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL HWLSHJP}U PU[LYW\LZ[V WVY LS ZL|VY 3\PZ *HYSVZ =LNH :PNLS LU Z\ JVUKPJP}U KL JHUKPKH[V H YLNPKVY ` 4HYPHUV )HYX\LYV -VUZLJH LU Z\ JVUKPJP}U KL 7YLZPKLU[L KLS 7HY[PKV (JJP}U +LTVJYm[PJH (SHQ\LSLUZL JVU[YH SH YLZVS\JP}U KL SH +PYLJJP}U .LULYHS KLS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS U‚TLYV 0* KL SHZ ! OVYHZ KLS KL 6J[\IYL KLS 1738-E-2002, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL HWLSHJP}U PU[LYW\LZ[V WVY 4HY]PU 6YVJ‚ *OH]HYYxH JHUKPKH[V H (SJHSKL UVTPUHKV WVY LS 7HY[PKV <UPKHK :VJPHS *YPZ[PHUH WVY LS JHU[}U KL ;\YYPHSIH KL SH 7YV]PUJPH KL *HY[HNV JVU[YH SH +PYLJJP}U .LULYHS KLS 9LNPZ[YV *P]PS Resumen: ( WLZHY KL X\L SH JHK\JPKHK KL SH JtK\SH KL PKLU[PKHK PTWSPJH SH L_JS\ZP}U KLS 7HKY}U 5HJPVUHS ,SLJ[VYHS LZ[H ZP[\HJP}U UV W\LKL LU[LUKLYZL JVTV \UH ZHUJP}U KL JHYmJ[LY H\[VTm[PJV LU LS WSHUV LSLJ[VYHS WVY SVZ LMLJ[VZ [HU ZL]LYVZ X\L PTWSPJH JVTV SV LZ L_JS\PY KL SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U WVSx[PJH LU LS mTIP[V SVJHS HS JHUKPKH[V H HSJHSKL YLNPKVY V ZxUKPJV X\L UV HJ\KL LU [PLTWV H YLUV]HY Z\ KVJ\TLU[V KL PKLU[PÄJHJP}U

Diferencia entre residencia efectiva y domicilio electoral. 703-E-2000, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. +LU\UJPH WYLZLU[HKH WVY LS ZL|VY *HYSVZ (SILY[V =HS]LYKL :LN\YH JVU[YH LS ZL|VY *HYSVZ (SILY[V (YH`H 9P]LYH YLNPKVY WYVWPL[HYPV KLS JHU[}U KL (N\PYYL KL 7\U[HYLUHZ Resumen: ,S ;YPI\UHS OPaV H WYVW}ZP[V KL \UH ZVSPJP[\K KL JHUJLSHJP}U KL JYLKLUJPHSLZ KL YLNPKVY WVY JHTIPV KL KVTPJPSPV LSLJ[VYHS \UH KPMLYLUJPHJP}U LU[YL KVTPJPSPV LSLJ[VYHS ` KVTPJPSPV JP]PS LZ[HISLJPLUKV X\L LS WYPTLYV LZ \U KVTPJPSPV LZWLJPHS X\L ]VS\U[HYPHTLU[L ZVSPJP[H LS LSLJ[VY WHYH ]V[HY LS KxH KL SHZ LSLJJPVULZ ;YH[mUKVZL KL \UH ZHUJP}U JVTV LZ SH JHUJLSHJP}U KL JYLKLUJPHS KL YLNPKVY SH PU[LYWYL[HJP}U KLIL ZLY YLZ[YPJ[P]H LU MH]VY KL SH WLYTHULUJPH KLS M\UJPVUHYPV KL HOx X\L SH JH\ZHS WHYH WYVJLKLY H SH JHUJLSHJP}U KL JYLKLUJPHS KL YLNPKVY ZL [PLUL WVY JVUÄN\YHKH ‚UPJHTLU[L J\HUKV ZL WYVK\JL \U JHTIPV LU Z\ KVTPJPSPV LSLJ[VYHS

J (SJHSKLZ Z\WSLU[LZ! Sustitución del alcalde propietario y funciones de los alcaldes suplentes 172-E-2004, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL HTWHYV LSLJ[VYHS PU[LYW\LZ[V WVY /LUY` *LYKHZ :mUJOLa LU JVU[YH KLS *VUJLQV 4\UPJPWHS KL 6YLHT\UV KL *HY[HNV ` KLS ZL|VY >HS[LY .YHUHKVZ ;VYYLZ (SJHSKL 4\UPJPWHS KLS JHU[}U KL 6YLHT\UV 2629-E-2004, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. *VUZ\S[H WSHU[LHKH WVY LS *VUJLQV 4\UPJPWHS KL )HY]H WYV]PUJPH KL /LYLKPH JVU YLSHJP}U H SH Z\Z[P[\JP}U KLS HSJHSKL T\UPJPWHS ` HSJHSKLZ Z\WSLU[LZ J\HUKV WVY HSN\UH YHa}U UV W\LKHU HZ\TPY Z\Z JHYNVZ

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Sobre la comunicación oportuna de la sustitución. 2892-E-2004, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. 9LJ\YZV KL (TWHYV ,SLJ[VYHS WYVTV]PKV WVY LS ZL|VY 7LYJ` 9VKYxN\La (YN LSSV (SJHSKL KL SH 4\UPJPWHSPKHK KLS JHU[}U KL ;PImZ JVU[YH LS *VUJLQV 4\UPJPWHS KL LZH SVJHSPKHK

Incompatibilidades para alcaldes aplican a sus suplentes en el ejercicio del cargo. 235-E-2004, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. :VSPJP[\K KL PU[LYWYL[HJP}U WYLZLU[HKH WVY LS ZL|VY -LYUHUKV *OH]LZ 7LYHS[H LU Z\ JVUKPJP}U KL (\KP[VY 0U[LYUV KL SH 4\UPJPWHSPKHK KL :HU *HYSVZ LU YLSHJP}U JVU SH HWSPJHJP}U KLS HY[xJ\SV KLS *}KPNV 4\UPJPWHS H SVZ HSJHSKLZ ` YLNPKVYLZ Z\WSLU[LZ 3H WYPZP}U WYL]LU[P]H JVTV TLKPKH JH\[LSHY JVU[YH \U HSJHSKL V YLNPKVY T\UPJPWHS UV JVUZ[P[\`L JH\ZHS KL WtYKPKH KL JYLKLUJPHS +LÄUPJP}U KL LZ[HKV ZLNSHY 566-E-2005, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. *VUZ\S[H MVYT\SHKH WVY SH ZL|VYH (UHILSSL )HYIVaH *HZ[YV (\KP[VYH 0U[LYUH KL SH 4\UPJPWHSPKHK KL 3H <UP}U KL *HY[HNV Incompatibilidad de alcaldes e intendentes municipales para ocupar cargos en Juntas Directivas de Asociaciones de Desarrollo Integral. 2910-E-2004, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones *VUZ\S[H MVYT\SHKH WVY LS ZL|VY 9VUU` ,ZWPUVaH ,ZWPUVaH 0U[LUKLU[L 4\UPJPWHS KLS +PZ[YP[V KL 7HX\LYH 7YV]PUJPH KL 7\U[HYLUHZ

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