300 in 6 300 million people in 6 years with safe water
From concept to reality
SAFE WATER INTERNATIONAL
Why 300 in 6? y Frustration at March 2009 World Water Forum in Instanbul. Home based water treatment (HWT) not even on the agenda!! y Studies and field experience show HWT is highly cost effective – and sometimes the only option. y The structure and tools for a global campaign at the country level are present – WHO HWTS Network, Akvo, possibly USAID Global Commons & Google Earth.
www.AKVO.org Wikipedia for water and sanitation
State of the art y An estimated 40 million people use new HWT options (excluding boiling). y With business as usual, this may possibly increase to 150 million by 2015. y The challenge is to increase to at least 300 million.
Why is scaling up so slow ? Product y Available solutions often not accepted for reasons of cost, convenience or culture; often conceived as “poor people“ solutions. Place y Free distribution prevents development of supply chains. Promotion y Lack of social marketing; no focus on Base of Pyramid y Lack of educational preparation for use of POU solutions, devices y Efforts scattered – focus on scattered villages or regions; generally lack of countrywide plan Policy y HWT just now getting governmental and international agency attention. y No development of “State of the Art” either for POU technology or program implementation
Marketing safe water systems Why it is so hard to sell safe water to the poor and so profitable to sell it to the rich Bottled water markets are booming and growing by 50 % per year in India
Product marketing HWTs should become y “must haves”- make celebrities first users y 10% in certain area (“tipping point”) y Available in supply chains y Attractive appearance to consumers Conventional sales via y Pharmacies, water kiosks, gasoline stations, shops that offer several options, silver discs, Aquatabs, Filters Direct sales via y Tupperware method, woman to woman, teachers, churches....
Examples Cambodia y 2,000 pot filters/month sold by teachers Tanzania y 5,000 siphon filters sold in remote villages by community workers - comission of $0.5 /filter Zimbabwe (cholera epidemic) y None of the 8,000 families that received a siphon filter had cholera
Cost to reach 300 milllion? $600 million USD
($12/family)
y Program funds for social marketing, country program administration, national hygiene ed program, device subsidy where needed. y Where possible, user pays retail price for safe water solution based on import of large quantities. Example Introduction of Siphon Filter in Mozambique y Donor funds $7/filter for start up, social marketing, filter subsidy y User pays $7/filter (of $10.00 retail price)
Home Water Treatment New low cost options
Henk Holtslag Urs Heierli www.300in6.org
Boiling Number of users - 400 Million? Cost - 1 kg wood/liter + Advantages y Easy y Very effective y Works especially well in tea drinking countries - Disadvantges y High cost of fuel y Required cooling time y Flat taste y Danger; accidents with hot water y Indoor pollution (Roughly 20% of fuel consumption for water) y Deforestation, CO2 emission
SODIS
UV, sun kills bacteria in 6 hours Users - 1 – 2 Million Cost - $0-$.. + y Low cost y Reuse of bottles y Bottles available in many places y Requires much social marketing
(most users stop 3 months after training) y Not a market product (nobody earns money)
y
Chlorine Users - 10 - 20 ? Million Cost - $0.50 – $2/person/year + y Eliminates bacteria & viruses y Low monthly investment y Taste, smell y Health effects in long term? y Requires routine
Local Chlorine production WATASOL Users - Over 500,000 Cost - Less than $0.01/gallon of chlorinated H2O + y y y y
Extremely low cost Local business development Reuse of bottles Can be used as disinfectant for food, general hygiene
y Requires much training
Desinfectant/Flocculant Users - 1 Million? Cost - $0.05/2.5 gallons + y 2 functions y Small, easy transport y Low investment y High cost /year y Not easy in use
Twinoxide Users - 200,000 Cost - $2-4/person/year + y No taste, odor y No health effects y Effect on malaria y Only used in India y Shelf life of 3 months
Silverdyne
Alternative for Chlorine
Users - 9 Million Cost - $1–3/person/year + y Very effective y No taste, smell y No environmental effects y 10 years shelf life y Long lasting effect in storage y Not widely known
Plation
Safe storage
Users – 500,000? Retail price - $20 to treat 20 liter unit for 1 year
+ y Extremely simple y High cost
Silver disc & Silver Bar Users - 1000 Retail price - $0.50-1/unit Cost/yr - 1 cent/100 ltr + y Simple y Low cost y Local production -
y More tests needed to determine effectivenss, useful life
Biosand filter Users - 1-2 Million Retail price - $20-$30 (1 time investment) + y 120 liters/day y Local production y Big, heavy transport y Not off-the-shelf product (less attractive for shops) y Needs disinfection
Candle Filters (drip filters) Users - 200 - 300? Million Cost - $12 - $100 + y Include storage y Easy to use y Widely used in Asia, S. America -
y y y y
Low capacity Most cheap models not reliable High transport cost Cost in Africa > $30
Candle filters Stefani (Brazil) y Cost in Mozambique $30 - $100 y Production 5 million candles/year
Pot filters Users -1.5– 2Million Cost - $12–22 (per unit) + y Local production y Easy use y Big, fragile for transport y Less attractive for shops
Pureit
As safe as boiled water
Users 1-2 million Retail price - $35 Operation cost/yr - $10-20 + y Attractive y Very effective; meets EPA standards y Expensive for poor y Only in India
LifeStraw�Family Users - 3 – 4 Million? Wholesale - $17-20 + y Attractive (shelf appeal) y Very effective
y High filling up point, 2 ltr. capacity y After 15,000 ltr. new filter needed y Expensive for poor
Siphon Filter Users - 0.3 Million Cost - $8 - $12 + y Small, easy transport y 7000 ltr./element y 60-120 ltr./day y Reduction bact. 99.99% y Not widely known y Local availability of replacement filter
No Low cost method is ideal Turbidity
y Boiled
Filtered
Chemical
Combined Chemical UV
SODIS
Heavy Metals
Viruses
Bacteria
Parasites
Pesticides
However HWT Permits Several Stages
+ Sealed and Capped Well Sand Filtration
+ Rainwater Collection
Next steps for 300 in 6 y Endorsement by Netherlands Water Partnership y Formation of U.S. Water Sector Partnership to signal broad-based endorsement. y January 2010 U.S. Partnership meet in Washington, D.C. y Creation of small secretariat in NL and US y Pilot of countrywide strategy in 2 or 3 countries, e.g., Dominican Republic, Uganda, and Malawi
CONNECT INTERNATIONAL 5184Cambridge Lane Carpinteria, California 93013 USA (805) 705-7743 FAX (805) 684-2911 www.safewaterintl.org
Jan van Houtkade 50 2311 PE Leiden, Netherlands www.connectinternati onal.nl .