Exam skills 1 2 2 Another advantage 3 you keep all the money 4 One advantage of running a business is you ... fno comma after is] 5 One advantage o f... 6 This is good ... 7 ... many people like to choose... 8 make the decisions; hire and fire 9 It is a good thing ... 10 ... because you have more freedom ... 11 This is good ... 12 ... if the business is a success do whatever you like with the company. Exam skills 2 1 1 the rapid development of technology 2 an increasing awareness 3 the invention of social networking sites 2 adjective + noun(s) rising house prices an increasing awareness foreign languages
noun + noun
the invention of the Internet the rapid development of technology the invention of social networking
3 2 success 3 globalization/globalisation 4 necessity/need 5 availability 6 increase 7 development 8 technology 9 accessibility/access 10 tradition 11 rise/raise 12 frequency 13 security 14 decline 15 industry/ industrialization 16 awareness 17 expense 18 improvement 4 2 ... a dramatic decline in job security in recent years. 3 ... the increasing accessibility of the Internet. 4 ... a considerable improvement in people’s diets. 5 2 g 3b 4 a 5 f 6 h 7 d 8 c 6 1 need to speak 2 rising cost 3 rapid development 4 globalization/globalisation of business 5 lower start-up costs 7 As a result of...; owing to ...; as a consequence of...; thanks t o ... Check and challenge Introductory text
Check 1 ropes 2 can
3 neck
2 The graph illustrates data about the number of cars which were sold in the USA between 2000 and 2010. 3 1 The graph shows information about how much coffee was produced in Kenya between 1999 and 2006. 2 The graph highlights data about the amount of coffee which was produced in Kenya, over a seven-year period between 1999 and 2006. 4 2 The graph shows information about how many DVDs were sold in the UK and the USA between 2005 and 2008. The graph shows data about the number of DVDs which were sold in the UK and the USA between 2005 and 2008. 3 The graph shows information about how much chocolate was produced in Colombia... The graph shows data about the amount of chocolate which was produced in Colombia ... 5 Suggested answers 1 The graph shows information about how much gas was produced in Russia, over a five-year period between 2003 and 2008. 2 The line graph compares the number of people who were employed in the public sector, between 2006 and 2010. Spotlight 2 1 1 The earnings of Robbie’s Bakery and Bernie’s Buns went up, but the income of Lovely Loaves went down. 2 In 2000, the most popular bakery was Lovely Loaves, but in 2010, the most popular bakery was Robbie's Bakery. 3 See Exercise 4 on page 81 for some ideas. 2 1c 2 e 3 a 4 b 5d 3 2 what stands out from the graph is that 3 there were upward trends in the income of both Bernie’s Buns and Robbie’s Bakery 4 while 5 the earnings of Lovely Loaves saw a substantial fall 6 the period in question 4 1b 2 a 5 Overall, what stands out from the graph is that there were considerable upward trends in the income of both Bernie’s Buns and Robbie’s Bakery, while the earnings of Lovely Loaves saw a substantial fall over the period in question. Another interesting point is that Lovely Loaves was the most popular bakery in 2000, but in 2010 Robbie’s Bakery earned more money than the others. Spotlight 3
Qualifying your opinion
Check 1 take into account 2 only up to a point 3 make an exception for Challenge ... it is important to bear in mind that running a company does not suit everybody. Relative clauses Check Suggested answers
1 ... is a very positive thing, because it allows pensioners to get to the shops and meet their friends without worrying about the cost. 2 ... is why more and more young people are applying to study at university these days. Challenge In the model essay in this unit: .... which means you feel more in control (para. 2) .... which can mean that you lose everything and you have to lay off your staff, (para. 4) Using noun phrases
Check ... the rapid development of technology. Challenge Suggested answers ... the ease of international travel / the low cost of flying / the desire to learn another language / the globalization of business. Practice question
See page 128 for sample student answer.
UNIT 7 Try it first! 3 1 T 2 F (They remained stable.) 3 T Spotlight 1 1 1 people visited 2 people who visited 2 1 The graph shows information about how many cars were sold in the USA between 2000 and 2010.
122
Answ er key
big decreases
increases
decreases
big increases
went up, grew, improved, increased,rose
declined, decreased, dropped, fell, went down
halved, doubled, plummeted, jumped, | plunged rocketed, shot up, soared, surged
2 2 slightly, marginally, negligibly 3 significantly, considerably 4 sharply, rapidly 5 gradually 6 remarkably, strikingly 7 steadily 3 Suggested answers 1 rose considerably 2 went up slightly 3 fell sharply Spotlight 4 1 2 a fall 3 a levelling-off 4 a decline 5 a soar 6 a plummet 7 an increase 8 a drop 9 a fluctuation 10 a plunge 1 1 a decrease 12 a dip 1 3 a recovery 14 a jump 15a surge 16 growth 2 2 steady 3 considerable 4 negligible 5 remarkable 3 Suggested answers 2 There was a sharp increase in income. 3 There was a slight decline in income. 4 There was a sharp fall in income. 4 2 fell significantly 3 grew steadily Model answer 1 1 Ifw elookat ... 2 around, approximately 3 ... despite falling sharply ... 4 By contrast,... 5 earnings, takings 2 1 There was then a sharp rise in income. 2 The figure then rose gradually to around £105,000. 4 1 With respect to the income of Robbie’s Bakery, it began at just under £60,000.