Memorix Anatomy - sample (134 pages)

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9

Heart – Cor

3 Structures General parts

• 1 Base of heart (basis cordis) – faces superiorly, posteriorly, and medially – the location of the great vessels entering and leaving the heart

– its superior margin reaches the border of the superior mediastinum

• 2 Apex of heart (apex cordis) – faces inferiorly, anteriorly, and laterally

1

Surfaces

2

– touches the thoracic wall at the 5th intercostal space in the midclavicular line

• 1 Anterior surface (facies anterior/sternocostalis) – is formed mainly by the right ventricle and partially by the left ventricle • 2 Inferior surface (facies inferior/diaphragmatica) – faces the diaphragm – is formed by the posterior surfaces of both ventricles • 3 Right and left pulmonary surfaces (facies pulmonalis dextra et sinistra)

Anterior view

– the right pulmonary surface is formed by the right atrium – the left pulmonary surface is formed by the left atrium and left ventricle 3.1 Cardiac impression (impressio cardiaca pulmonis) – the impression of the pulmonary surfaces of the heart on the lungs

3

Posterior view

3

Borders

• 1 Right border (margo dexter/acutus) – a sharp margin on the right ventricle 1 • 2 Left border (margo sinister/obtusus) – a rounded margin on the left ventricle

Surfaces, posterior view

Surfaces, anterior view

Sulci

• 3 Coronary sulcus (sulcus coronarius) – a groove on the surface

of the heart separating the atria from the ventricles – contains the right coronary artery, the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery, the great cardiac vein and the coronary sinus 4 Anterior interventricular sulcus (sulcus interventricularis anterior) – a groove on the anterior surface of the heart between the right and left ventricles – is formed by the interventricular septum – contains the anterior interventricular branch and the great cardiac vein 5 Posterior interventricular sulcus (sulcus interventricularis posterior) – a groove on the posterior surface of heart between the right and left ventricles – is formed by the interventricular septum – contains the posterior interventricular branch and middle cardiac vein 6 Sulcus terminalis cordis – is formed by the crista terminalis – a groove close to the opening of the superior and inferior vena cava – the border between the proper right atrium and the sinus venosus

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6

• • •

4

3

2

3 5 1

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Borders and sulci, posterior view

Borders and sulci, anterior view

Heart chambers

• 1 Right atrium (atrium dextrum) 2.1 – receives oxygen-poor blood from the systemic circulation 2 • 1.1 Right auricle (auricula dextra) 1.1 1 • 2 Left atrium (atrium sinistrum) 4 1 – receives oxygen-rich blood from the pulmonary circulation • 2.1 Left auricle (auricula sinistra) • 3 Right ventricle (ventriculus dexter) – receives blood from the right atrium 3 3 and pumps it to the pulmonary circulation via the pulmonary trunk Heart chambers, anterior view Heart chambers, posterior view • 4 Left ventricle (ventriculus sinister) – receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the systemic circulation via the aorta

Cardiac septa

5 Interatrial septum (septum interatriale) – a thin septum separating the right and left atria 6 Interventricular septum (septum interventriculare) – a thick septum separating the right and left ventricles 6.1 Membranous part (pars membranacea) – the superior thin fibrous part between the inflow tract of the right ventricle and the outflow tract of the left ventricle 6.1.1 Atrioventricular septum (septum atrioventriculare) – part of the membranous part of interventricular septum, between the right atrium and the outflow tract of the left ventricle 6.2 Muscular part (pars muscularis) – the inferior thick muscular part

6.1.1 6.1 6.2

Frontal section of the heart showing the heart chambers and septa

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