2
Patella – Patella
6.3
The patella is a sesamoid bone located in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris. It is part of the knee joint.
• 1 Base of patella (basis patellae) – the wide proximal part • 2 Apex of patella (apex patellae) – the pointy distal end • 3 Articular surface (facies articularis) – the dorsal surface
1
1
– is divided into a lateral and a medial facet – the medial facet is smaller than the lateral facet 4 Anterior surface (facies anterior) – the roughened ventral surface – incorporates part of the tendon of the quadriceps femoris
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3
4 2
2
Anterior and posterior view of the right patella
Tibia – Tibia
6.4
The tibia is a weight bearing bone of the leg which forms the shin. It is a long bone. The distal end of the tibia forms the medial malleolus. The anterior margin and the medial surface are not covered by muscles and are therefore palpable in their entire course.
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1 Condyles of tibia (condyli tibiae) – form the widened proximal end of the bone – the tibia has two condyles: the medial condyle and the lateral condyle – the sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus are attached to the medial condyle as a common tendon called the pes anserinus 1.1 Superior articular surface (facies articularis superior) – an articular surface for articulation with the femoral condyles 1.2 Intercondylar eminence (eminentia intercondylaris) – an eminence located in the middle of the superior articular surface – comprises the medial and lateral tubercle 1.3 Anterior intercondylar area (area intercondylaris anterior) – the attachment of the anterior cruciate ligament and menisci 1.4 Posterior intercondylar area (area intercondylaris posterior) – the attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament and menisci 1.5 Fibular articular facet (facies articularis fibularis) – articulates with the head of the fibula 1.6 Tuberosity for iliotibial tract (tuberositas tractus iliotibialis) – a small prominence for the attachment of the iliotibial tract 2 Shaft (corpus tibiae) – the body of the tibia 2.1 Soleal line (linea musculi solei) – the origin of the soleus muscle 2.2 Tibial tuberosity (tuberositas tibiae) – the insertion of the quadriceps femoris (as the patellar ligament) Surfaces: 2.3 Medial surface (facies medialis) – is palpable as it is not covered by muscles 2.4 Lateral surface (facies lateralis) 2.5 Posterior surface (facies posterior) Borders: 2.6 Anterior border (margo anterior) – is palpable as it is not covered by muscles 2.7 Interosseous border (margo interosseus) – the attachment of the interosseous membrane of the leg 2.8 Medial border (margo medialis) 3 Distal end 3.1Medial malleolus (malleolus medialis) – the medial side of the ankle 3.1.1 Malleolar groove (sulcus malleolaris) – forms the malleolar canal together with the flexor retinaculum – tendons of the tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus pass through it 3.1.2 Articular facet (facies articularis malleoli medialis) – articulates with the talus 3.2 Fibular notch (incisura fibularis) – forms part of the tibiofibular syndesmosis 3.3 Inferior articular surface (facies articularis inferior) – articulates with the trochlea of the talus
1.6 2.2
2 2.6 2.3 2.8
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2.7
3
3.3 3.1
3.1.2
Anterior view of the left and right tibia 1.2
1.4
1 1.5 2
2.1 2.5
2.4 2.6 2.7 2.8
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• • •
1.3
1
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• • • • • • • •
1.2
1.1
3
3.1.1
3.2
3.1
Posterior view of the left and right tibia
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