Punjabi Journal, 13 Jan 2023 Edition

‘kOPI’ dw hY Swndwr ieiqhws

dunIAw dy v~K- v~K dySW ‘c nw isrP kOPI bxwaux dy qrIky v~Kry huMdy hn, sgoN kOPI nwl juVIAW keI sQwnk mwnqwvW Aqy Awrfr krn dy qrIky vI v~Kry huMdy hn[

kOPI dw ieiqhws: kOPI dw jnm sQwn lwl swgr dy d~KxI iknwry ’qy siQq Xmn Aqy ieiQXopIAw dIAW phwVIAW hn[ ieiQXopIAw dy pTwr ‘c iek gfrIey ny jMglI kOPI dy bUty nwl bxy iek pIx vwly pdwrQ dI sB qoN pihlW cuskI leI sI[ SurUAwq ’c ies dI KyqI Xmn ’c huMdI sI Aqy Xmn dy lokW ny hI ArbI ’c ies dw nW kwhvw r~K id~qw ijs nwl kOPI Aqy kYPy ijhy Sbd bxy hn[ swl 1414 q~k mOcw vI kOPI qoN jwxU ho cu~kw sI Aqy 15vIN sdI dI SurUAwq ’c ieh Xmn dy bMdrgwh mocw qoN imsqr vI pu~j geI[ pr hux vI ies dw syvn isrP sUPI sMqW q~k sImq sI[ kwihrw ’c iek Dwrimk XUnIvristI dy kol dy kuJ GrW ’c ies dI KyqI huMdI sI[ ies dy bwAd 1554 q~k ies dw pRswr sIirAweI Sihr Alp Aqy Awtomn swmrwj dI aus smyN mOjUdw rwjDwnI iesqWbul q~k ho igAw sI[ lok kOPI hwaUs ’c bYT ky keI msilAW ’qy crcw krdy sn, muSwiery suxdy sn Aqy SqrMj Kyfdy sn[ iek kOPI hwaUs bOiDk jIvn dw pRqIk bx gey sn Aqy lok msijdW dI QW kOPI hwaUsW dw ruK krn l~gy sn[ m~kw, kwihrw Aqy iesqWbul ‘c Dwrimk sMgTnW vloN ies ‘qy pwbMdIAW lgwaux dI koiSS kIqI geI[ murwd cqurQ (1623-40) dy rwj ’c qW kOPI hwaUs jwx vwilAW leI mOq dI szw dw vI AYlwn kIqw igAw pr swrIAW koiSSW AsPl rhIAW Aqy AwiKr ’c musilm ivdvwnW ƒ kOPI dy syvn dI mnjUrI dyxI peI[

ieMJ phuMcI p~CmI dySW q~k: XUrp ’c kOPI Aqy cwklyt 16vIN Aqy 17vIN sdI ’c mShUr ho geI[ kOPI do rsiqAW qoN XUrp pu~jI[

iek qW Awtomn swmrwj dy mwiDAm nwl Aqy dUsrI smuMdr dy rsqy mocw bMdrgwh qoN[ 17vIN sdI dI SurUAwq ’c eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI Aqy f~c eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI mocw bMdrgwh qoN kOPI dI sB qoN v~fI KrIddwr sI[ kOPI nwl l~dy aunHW dy jhwz kyp AwP gu~f hop huMdy hoey svdyS phuMcdy sn jW iPr ies ƒ Bwrq ƒ brwmd kIqw jWdw sI[ Xmn dI kOPI dI bwkI Kpq m~D pUrv ’c huMdI sI[ m~D pUrv dI qrHW XUrp ‘c vI kOPI hwaUs lokW dy imlx-iglx, crcw krn Aqy KyfW Kyfx dy A~fy bxn l~gy sn[ cwrls dUjy ny swl 1675 ’c ikhw sI ik kOPI hwaUs ‘c AsMquSt lok imldy hn Aqy s~qw dy iKlwP duSt pRcwr krdy hn[ SurUAwq ’c XUrp ’c kOPI ƒ musilm firMk mMn ky ies ƒ S~k dI nzr nwl dyiKAw jWdw

dy Aws-pws pop klImYNt A~TvyN ies dI iek ipAwlI pI ky ieMny mMqr-mugD ho gey ik aunHW ny ikhw ik ies ‘qy muslmwnW dw eykwiDkwr nhIN hoxw cwhIdw[ AwstRIAw ’c kOPI dy syvn ’c audoN qyzI AweI jdoN 1683 ’c iveynw ƒ qurkW dy kbzy qoN Awzwd krvwieAw[ auQy qurkW dy itkwixAW qoN v~fI mwqrw ’c kOPI zbq kIqI[ iveynw ’c A~j vI iesqWbul, dimSk Aqy kwihrw dI qrHW kOPI dI ipAwlI dy nwl iek iglws pwxI vI id~qw jWdw hY[

ikQy imldI hY kOPI: kOPI dw auqpwdn grm ielwikAW ijvyN lYitn AmrIkw, sb shwrw APrIkw, ivXqnwm Aqy ieMfonyiSAw ’c huMdw hY[ sB qoN v~fw kOPI auqpwdk dyS hY bRwzIl dunIAw dy sB qoN v~fy kOPI auqpwdk bRwzIl dy lok ies dy sB qoN v~fy SOkIn vI khy jw skdy hn[

auQy qW b~icAW ƒ vI kOPI iplweI jWdI hY[ grm du~D ’c vI kOPI imlw ky svyrysvyry pIxw ieQy dy nwgirkW dI Kws Awdq hY[ ieQy kYPojIno ƒ kwPI psMd kIqw jWdw hY[ jo mjbUq, kwrf Aqy svIt iPltrz kwPI hY, ies ƒ Coty cweInw jW plwsitk dy k~p ’c srv kIqw jWdw hY[ idlcsp g~lW: dunIAw Br ’c do qrHW dI kOPI dw auqpwdn huMdw hY, pihlI hY Aryibkw Aqy dUsrI robstw[ ies ’c Aryibkw dw auqpwdn v~D huMdw hY [ drAsl robstw dw svwd QoVHw v~D kOVw huMdw hY[ ies ’c kYPIn dI mwqrw vI v~D huMdI hY[ kOPI Sbd dIAW jVHW kwhvy Sbd nwl juVIAW hn[ qurkI BwSw c kwVw, khvyh jW khvysI bx igAw Aqy f~c `c kOPI Aqy ietYlIAn ’c kOPI bx igAw[ AKIr ’c jdoN AMgryzW ny ies ƒ ApxwieAw qW ies dw nW kOPI ho igAw[ iPnlYNf dy lok kOPI sB qoN izAwdw psMd krdy hn[

lws eyNjls: AmrIkw dw kYlIPornIAw rwj ij~Qy kVwky dI TMf dI lpyt iv~c hY, au~Qy hI hor SkqISwlI qUPwn Awaux dI sMBwvnw hY[ ies dOrwn sUby ivc hVH kwrn hwlwq bhuq ^rwb hn[ ieMJ l~g irhw hY ijvyN pUrw Sihr hVH dy pwxI iv~c fu~b igAw hovy[ hVH dw pwxI ie~k muMfy ƒ vI vhw ky lY igAw[ l~KW invwsIAW leI hVH dI icqwvnI jwrI kIqI hY[ lgBg 50,000 lokW ƒ Awpxy ielwikAW ƒ C~fx dy hukm id~qy hn Aqy BwrI mINh, ibjlI, gVymwrI

Aqy zmIn iKskx kwrn 1,10,000 qoN v~D GrW Aqy vpwrk kyNdrW dI ibjlI splweI iv~c ivGn ipAw hY[ kYlIPornIAw dy gvrnr gyivn inaUzom ny sWqw krUz q~t ‘qy kYpItolw Sihr dy dOry dOrwn ikhw ik ipCly swl dsMbr dy AKIr ’c SurU hoey qUPwn Aqy ies nwl juVIAW GtnwvW ’c G~toG~t 17 lokW dI mOq ho geI hY[ hVH kwrn sVkW dy kuJ ih~sy jl mwrgW iv~c bdl gey hn[ ndIAW dy vhwA nwl keI Gr vih gey hn[