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Contects a tropical district design process sustainable analyse interior research acknowledgement
: sustainable building design and interior environment research By William Wu
Tropical Hospital Design
Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is a southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, 137 kilometres north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the Singapore Strait to its south. The country is highly urbanised with very little primary rainforest remaining, although more land is being created for development through land reclamation. An important area of local innovation has involved seeking to develop a form of modern architecture appropriate to Singapore's tropical climate. This climatically sensitive approach to architecture traces its roots back to the vernacular Malay houses and through to experiments by British colonial architects and early local nationalist architects to devise an authentically local architecture using modern construction methods. In the 1980s and especially from the late 1990s, this has led to a proliferation of what might be called 'modern tropical' architecture, or neo-tropical architecture. It involves a return to clean and simple rectilinear modernist forms, coupled with an emphasis of lush landscaping and sleek sun-shading in the form of metal or wood louvres, instead of the modernist glass curtain wall, which admits and traps solar heat. These architectural efforts have taken on a new relevance and urgency due to concerns about global warming, climate change and environmental sustainability, especially given that air conditioning in buildings is one of the largest consumers of electricity in Singapore, which is mostly generated by fossil fuels.
General information
a tropical district
Changi General Hospital (Abbreviation: CGH; Chinese: 樟宜综合医院 ; Malay: Hospital Besar Changi) is a 790-bed hospital located in Simei, eastern Singapore. It is Singapore's first purpose-built general hospital to serve communities in the east and north-east regions. The hospital has a comprehensive range of more than 23 medical services, from general surgery, internal medicine, cardiology, ENT to orthopaedic surgery and sports medicine. It houses six specialist centres – Breast Centre, Changi Sports Medicine Centre, Diabetes Centre, Geriatric Centre, Integrated Sleep Service and Medical Centre for International Travellers. The hospital is JCI (Joint Commission International) accredited. As part of the Eastern Health Alliance (EHA) long-term plan,the Changi General Hospital (CGH) launches a major facility expansion and redevelopment program to address the needs of East Singapore’s growing and aging population. EHA’s long term goals envision a health care campus that supports a continuum of care through comprehensive array of programs and services. The objectives are timely delivery of therapies, and smooth transition of patients back to the community.
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Changi General Hospital (CGH) locates in east of singapore, close to Changi international airport. Distance between CBD and hospital is 11km.
Topography
Site for the Integrated block slopes downward from Simei avenue to the southeast to the Highway Northwest, from 110.2m to 106.9m. It has a slight depression crossing NNE currently being drained by a drainage channel. Simei Avenue and its flyover to the West is at a higher level at 114.3m and results in a steep slope on the western edge.
Zoning
The site is in a predominantly high-density residential area with a mix of private and HDB high rise developments to the Northeast, East and Southeast. The Industrial areas, Bus Depot and Highway to the Northwest, West and Southwest are effectively screened by an extensive green buffer.
Zooming in A B C D A
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a tropical district
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Integrated building area Changi General Hospital Orange Valley Nursing Home St.. Andrew’s Community Hospital Link Bridge
Views
The site for the Integrated Building has predominant views to the Northwest to Southeast overlooking an extensive green buffer. The views from the Annex block are limited by the high density residential and industrial developments and the Main Building.
Orientation
The site has a diagonal orientation which poses a challenge for solar shading, but could prove advantageous for cross ventilation from prevailing winds.
existing situation
a tropical district
Tropical climate
Weather and Climate in Singapore
Singapore has a tropical rainforest climate with no distinctive seasons, uniform temperature and pressure, high humidity, and abundant rainfall. Temperatures usually range from 23 to 32 째C (73 to 90 째F). Relative humidity averages around 79% in the morning and 73% in the afternoon. April and May are the hottest months, with the wetter monsoon season from November to January. From July to October, there is often haze caused by bush fires in neighbouring Indonesia. Although Singapore does not observe daylight saving time, it follows time zone GMT+8, one hour ahead of its geographical location.
Malay vernacular achitecture
Today, the styles of the Malay vernacular achitecture have inspired many young architects and engineers in designing Singapore's contemporary architecture. In the past years, many modern buildings have focused their design concepts on the Malay vernacular architecture, particularly the Malay houses and palaces. Various roof shapes have derived from the Malay houses such as from the states of Negeri Sembilan, Kelantan and Terengganu.
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design process
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floor plans 1:600
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design process
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sections
Section A-A Section B-B
design process
Viewing from South
Viewing from West
rendering
design process
Viewing from Southwest
Entrance View
A SAMPLE OF PRELIMINARY GREEN STRATEGIES
1 Rain water harvesting, Retention Pond and Gray Water System. 2 Green roof courtyards brings daylights, views, nature and fresh air deep into the fl oor plates. 3 Living Wall in the public space acts as bio-filters and sun shade. 4 Fresh air ventilation monitors. 5 The sheltered public open-air corridor promote natural and stack ventilation. 6 The low pitch roof efficiently drain storm water. 7 Natural ventilation chimneys allow the building to breathe while taking advantage of free energy. 8 The white ‘‘Cool Roof’’reduces the heat island effect. 9 Passive shading / light shelves. 10 Fritted high performance glazing for glare reduction. 11 Therapeutic green gardens offers secured outdoor access to landscapes areas. 12 Envelope designed according to solar orientation and to harvest and diff used day light. 13 Seasonal shading canopy from deciduous trees. 14 Shop-house inspired covered colonnade. 15 Roof Village + Agricultural Gardens promote a sense of community. 16 Inpatient wards overlook vertical gardens. 17 Ventilated car park.
Bringing Outdoors Inside Semi-covered garden under the Integrated building adds to the interesting variety of landscape and enclosures. In addition it provides for air movement and natural ventilation. At grade the Integrated building will be staged as a green park ornamented with café’s registration desk, welcoming booth and retail. This park like setting with undulating and at times cascading terraced gardens and paths will have stage set like features intended for use in rehabilitation of the patients. It is here where both patients and public mingle and socialize. At the wards tower, the inpatient beds are clustered around outdoor gardens affording natural ventilation, views to outside spaces and privacy.
Zero Percent Run-Off: Grey Water Collection The harvesting of rainfall is accomplished by collecting it on and from rooftops using simple technology that utilizes the energy of gravity and conventional construction materials. Catch water where it falls and build systems that are ecoregion specific. Water that falls on a footprint stays in the footprint for recharge of the local aquifer, water resource use reductions, irrigation, grey water reuse, toilets, and passive heating and cooling systems.
Healing Garden Terraces Existing mature trees and shrubs over the new building’s footprint will be replanted in the terraced garden.
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In targeting energy efficiency, the architectural facade is designed concurrently with the mechanical systems to achieve a significant reduction in energy consumption, both through the quality of insulation and through effective mitigation of energy loads. Green Walls
sustainable system
Controlled Light Penetration Fabric and wood soffits are placed on the underside of the atrium to control light and heat penetration. Moreover, they become tools for wayfinding, outlining the major axis and entrances. Sun Shading Devices are Integrated as part of the Building Envelope
The strategic use of solar shading devices and the orientation of the building to keep the largest areas of glazing from extreme exposure will promote sustainable design. Interior materials will achieve sustainable design principles by using significant amounts of low VOC materials and adhering to universal principles regarding recycled materials and locally sourced materials. All materials and methods used for lighting the facility have been designed to be environmentally responsible, user friendly, energy efficient and sustainable in design for hospital applications. Lighting products will provide maximum space illumination with minimum energy consumption and where possible, will use similar lamp types to reduce storage space requirements.
sustainable analyse
Shading
Jalousie window
Silver Colored Alum. Louver for Horizontal shading
Glass Louver
Grooved Aluminum Panels
Silver Colored Canvas Alum. Louver
Net metal louvers
facade detail
sustainable analyse
Green areas details
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Details about garden terrance with plants
decoration
Interior research
Community Area B
C A L1 floor plan Community use
Interior Design Provisions All loose and fixed furniture will be designed and selected to ensure ergonomic conformity, with no sharp intruding corners or edges and suitable soft cushioning of all upholstered fittings. Surfaces will be smooth and impervious where applicable to ensure ease of cleaning and maintenance of sterile cleanliness appropriate to the clinical risks. Where necessary aids will be included to enable unassisted movement of the patient within the room and during passage to and from the en-suite.
A: Computer center B: Caffee C: Gym
Disability Disability access design principles for the facility will ensure: - Legislative and regulatory requirements for disability access are met throughout all stages of the project. - Solutions applied will ensure that every person with a disability has equal rights in accessing and using the facility and can freely express their independence in a dignified manner.
Decoration
Privacy Provisions Rooms will be designed to provide maximum privacy for those patients requiring it by incorporating privacy curtains, window drapes, blinds and internal screens. Acoustic privacy is ensured by the use of insulated external and internal walls, solid joinery such as doors and joinery edges where they meet. Preserving Dignity & Gender Separation Design Features The preservation of individual dignity will also be a hallmark of the clinical and nursing services offered by the staff at the hospital. Bedrooms in the facility will provide maximum flexibility. Views & Sight lines The planning for CGH will provide a visual transparency into spaces through the incorporation of plentiful apertures and glazed windows with views to the outside environment. This will allow patients and staff to better monitor comings and goings, changeable weather conditions, and view the integrated landscaping solutions. Finishes, Materials & Lighting Materials and Finishes will be selected for amongst other things, good first visual and tactile experiences. Natural materials like woods & stone will be introduced for their inherent beauty, quality and texture, and the strong connections to the external environment. Glass and Metal used for their lightness, reflective qualities and visual transparency through the building. Healing through Design – Generic Bedroom Types The various different type bedroom suites will be designed as hotel bedrooms, with clean, functional spaces softened with natural materials, comforting colours and filtered light. Lighting will be soft, indirect and flexible for day, night and examination requirements. The rooms will be split into defined Patient, Family and Staff zones, with all functional requirements carefully set out and built in to the joinery.
Interior research
Signs inside
Distinguish different areas by colours.
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Simple signs for introducing . KEY PLAN
signs
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Acknowledgement
Thanks Mum+Dad
for giving me all the love and support I needed B+H Architetcts
for all your staffs' guidance,support,patientance and wisdom the following people who in own unique ways have helped me during this journey David Stavros + Jie + Ang Robert + Keith Lee + Proline + Alice Zhao Haiyan Tao + Mary + Jianhua Han + Lihong Guo
Ningbo University of Technology No.89 Cuibai Rd., Haishu District, Ningbo City, China +86 13396676007 wuyuan@890823aol.com