What Is Suprapatellar Effusion?
Have you ever heard of joint effusion? It happens when extra fluid accumulates within or around the joint. Usually, this targets knee, shoulder, elbow, or ankle joints. At the same time, suprapatellar effusion occurs when water or fluid accumulates in the knee joint due to infection, injury, and arthritis. If you suffer from this problem, you will likely experience swelling, pain, stiffness, and limited movement.
What are the Symptoms? No matter what triggers excessive fluid in your joints, you may experience similar symptoms. Though, the intensity of the symptoms may vary in every person. However, the primary symptoms may include: Swelling It ranges from slight, sweeping puffiness to severe inflammation and soreness. Pain It ranges from a gloomy thump to sharp pain behind knee that limits movement. Stiffness It restricts your range of motion or ultimately limits movement. Soreness and Warmth It is linked to confined inflammation, soreness, and warm feeling
Considering your reason for suprapatellar effusion, you may experience some other symptoms as well. Examples include: ● ● ● ●
Bruising and haemorrhage of the joint region (due to an injury) Temperature, chills, sickness, and weakness (due to infection) Continuous muscle loss due to long-term osteoarthritis Sometimes your condition may complicate and lead to the development of a fluid-filled lump in the joint region known as the baker’s cyst. It occurs when there is too much joint fluid that your body is unable to reabsorb. Though small cysts might not trigger any symptoms, larger ones can cause pain and limited movement.
What are the Causes? Effusion leads to joint inflammation and can be primarily categorised as either infectious or non-infectious. Effusion triggered due to infection is regarded as septic arthritis, while an injury or arthritis may cause non-infectious effusion. Infection Septic arthritis is a condition that triggers infection in the joint. A wound, injury, or therapeutic process can cause infection. Systematic infection happens when you have an infection in your blood, and can hold a joint, and lead to inflammation and fluid build-up. So, when you have an infection, the symptoms are usually fast and deeply felt. With an infection, effusion is accompanied by intense pain when you move. Some factors that elevate the risk of developing infectious arthritis include: ● ● ● ● ● ●
Age Diabetes Usage of IV Drug Joint Replacement Joint Operation Osteoarthritis
Weak Immunity If you have weak immunity due to HIV, organ transplant, or chemotherapy, you are more susceptible to fungal, viral, and parasitic infections. Injury An athletic injury is a common reason for joint effusion, particularly in your knee. So injuries caused due to accident, fall, or hit can also cause effusion. The injury may damage bone, connective tissue, or cartilage. Repetitive pressure on the joint can also lead to effusion. So, when you perform repetitive movements, especially during sports or job-related tasks. So, if you have this condition, it can be due to repetitive stress injury, bursitis, and tenosynovitis. Hence, you may feel pain, swelling, stiffness, and challenge flattening or revolving your joint. Osteoarthritis If you have osteoarthritis, you are susceptible to fluid accumulation and joint inflammation. Though arthritis is a chronic and ongoing disease bur sudden episodes of swelling can cause edema.
How to Diagnose? To diagnose joint effusion, your doctor may physically examine you and even recommend imaging tests to assess the fluid accumulation in your joint. Standard imaging tests include ultrasonography, x-rays, computed tomography (CT) scan, and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Other factors your doctor may consider while diagnosis is your medical history, current health condition, and symptoms. If you have excessive fluid accumulation (synovial fluid) in your inflamed joints, your doctor may attempt to drain it. This process is regarded as arthrocentesis. It will help diminish pressure and ease the pain. The synovial fluid in your joint resembles the viscidness of an egg white, so any variations in its appearance, consistency, and cellular arrangement can hint at joint effusion. Some signs of changes in synovial fluid include cloudy fluid, yellow-green fluid, golden fluid, and pink or red fluid.
What is the Treatment? The primary treatment for effusion includes resting, ice therapy, restriction, and using NSAIDs. So, if the inflammation is severe, your doctor will first carry out arthrocentesis. For this, they may treat you with cortisone injection following the procedure. It helps regulate inflammation and pain. However, your doctor may treat your infection with a 14-days broad-spectrum oral antibiotic course. And if you have an acute infection like systemic gonorrhoea or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), your treatment course may extend to two to four weeks of arterial antibiotics. Besides, if you have rheumatoid arthritis or any other autoimmune arthritis condition, you can take steps to control your condition. For example, some standard treatment includes immune-suppressive drugs like methotrexate and Humira that help soothe the abnormal immune system response. Moreover, arthroplasty or joint surgery is meant for severe joint damages or repairing joint restrictions caused due to arthritis. However, severe conditions may demand joint replacement surgery.
How to Prevent? Though you cannot avoid diffusion, there are certain things you can take care of to reduce your risk: Weight Management
If your weight is in control, your hip and knee joints experience less pressure. Low-Impact Exercise
If your joints ache, you must avoid high-impact exercises and activities to reduce the chance of severe damage. However, low-impact exercises or resistance training can help strengthen your muscles and improve your condition. Some examples include using a leg extension machine and resistance training. Stretching
You should gently stretch your knee and shoulder before doing the exercise or if you have a desk-bound job.
Supporting Your Joints
You may use elastic knee support or elbow brace while performing contact sports, mountaineering, or similar activities. Avoid Overworking
You should try not to surpass your physical capacity, mainly if you have aged. It includes choosing low-impact exercises, activities, and sports that may not damage your joints. Pay Attention to Your Body
If you undergo any unexpected or dogged joint pain, you should immediately get it examined by a doctor.