The Supershelf: Process Book by Jasmine Zhang

The Supershelf Ashaykeen Abedin, Alyssa Lopez, Jasmine Zhang

CONTENTS 4

INTRO

ANALYSIS

SCHEMATIC DESIGN

MID REVIEW

PRECEDENTS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

CALCULATIONS

FINAL REVIEW

INTRO | ATHENAEUM COMPETITION PRECEDENT

ANALYSIS | DIAGRAMS

Precedent Bookshelves Bookshelves

Precedent Circulation Core Monumental Stair Corridors

Precedent Volumes Interior Volumes

ANALYSIS | DIAGRAMS

Interior-exterior Views

ANALYSIS | DIAGRAMS

Compression-Expansion Diagram

ANALYSIS | DIAGRAMS

Bookshelf Proportioning System

ANALYSIS | SITE ACTIVITY

ANALYSIS | SITE CIRCULATION & IMAGES

Majority of the foot and vehicular traffic comes from the north, where Independence Hall is located.

S 6th Street

Corner of S 6th St. & St. James Pl.

St. James Place

ANALYSIS | WEATHER & PRECIPITATION AVERAGES

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Annual High Temperature: 87 F

Annual High Rainfall: 3.79 inches

Annual Low Temperature: 26 F

Annual Low Rainfall: 2.65 inches

Average Temperature: 56.5 F

Annual Average Snowfall: 4.6 inches

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ANALYSIS | SUN STUDIES

March 21st @8am

June 21st @8am

December 21st @8am

March 21st @12pm

June 21st @12pm

December 21st @12pm

March 21st @3pm

June 21st @3pm

December 21st @3pm

SCHEMATIC | INVENTORY & STACK DIAGRAM

SCHEMATIC | PROGRAM GRADIENT

SCHEMATIC | ZONING DIAGRAM

CMX-3 - Community Commercial Mixed Use Max. Occupied Area

Corner: 80%

Min. Side Yard Width

N/A - Building does not contain dwelling units

Max. Floor Area Ratio

500%

Applicable Bonus Category Green Building

Up to 100%* FAR increase

§ 14-702(10)

* LEED Gold: 50% LEED Platinum:100% Overlays /CTR Center City Overlay District - Independence Hall Area

§ 14-502-1

/CTR Center City Overlay District - Residential Parking Control Area

§ 14-502-1

SCHEMATIC | FLOATING VOLUMES VISION

The vision of the design was to have trunslucent floating volumes scattered across the building. They are destinations, led to by corridors lined with bookshelves.

SCHEMATIC | ITERATION 1

Iteration 1 explored lining the bookshelves completely on the exterior wall. Floating volumes protrude from the bookshelves, breaking into the atrium.

SCHEMATIC | ITERATION 2

Iteration 2 explored removing bookshelves and volumes. Bookshelves were removed from a portion of the exterior wall to provide views to Washington Square Park. Volumes were removed to give more clarity to the atrium.

MID REVIEW | BUILDING RENDERINGS

MID REVIEW | LONGITUDINAL SECTION

32’

MID REVIEW | CROSS SECTION & FLOOR PLANS

Fourth Floor

Third Floor

Second Floor

32’

First Floor

Basement

32’

MID REVIEW | MIDTERM FEEDBACK

ATRIUM • Consider using the bookshelf as only a framing element o Might be more successful without the volume bump outs • Skylight needs to be adjusted o Grid not really realistic

BOOKSHELF • Placing books into the renderings o Determine if we want the bookshelf to be used for shelving or as more of screening element. • Consider flipping the relation of the bookshelf o Having it aligned only interior or only exterior

LOBBY / ENTRANCE SPACE • Reading Staircase o View at lobby feels uncomfortable revise Stair to the left of the view makes the space feel too tight and uncomfortable

SKIN / FACADE • If we want to keep the floating, soft, casing skin placement over the structure like our precedents o We should reconsider the opaque material if we like the cloud reveal But if we chose to keep the opaque material we need to work with the scaled of the openings in the material

Precedent: Building in Axon

PRECEDENT | POLYCARBONATE & STRUCTURAL

Diagrammed: Exploded Structural Axon

Name: Nest We Grow Date: 2014 Location: Takinoue, Japan Architect: Kengo Kuma Associates + College of Environmental Design UC Berkley Size: 915 SF Use: store, grow & prepare food Images: Shinkenchiku Sha

Proposed Project Exploded Axon

Diagram illustrating the influences of the structural columns in the layout of the facade.

Works Cited 1. Valenzuela, Karen. “Nest We Grow / Kengo Kuma & Associates + College of Environmental Design UC Berkeley.” ArchDaily. ArchDaily, January 29, 2015. https://www. archdaily.com/592660/nest-we-grow-college-of-environmental-design-uc-berkeley-kengokuma-and-associates?ad_medium=office_landing&ad_name=article.

PRECEDENT | FRAMING ELEMENT & SKIN

Voids Solid Grayish Glass

Original Image

Precedent Diagram: framing important and intentional views

Name: Chu Hall - Solar Energy Research Center Date: 2015 Location: Berkeley, United States Architect: SmithGroup Size: 39,000 SF Use: laboratory, research center, university Images: Bruce Damonte

Proposed Project : framing views of Washington Square park and the city beyond.

Diagramming the different materials,

Works Cited 1. Aguilar, Cristian. “Chu Hall - Solar Energy Research Center / Smithgroup.” ArchDaily. ArchDaily, October 16, 2015. https://www.archdaily.com/775388/chu-hall-solar-energyresearch-center-smithgroupjjr?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_ projects.

PRECEDENT | CONTROL OF VIEWS

Reveal

Parti: layering of volumes to conceal/reveal spaces

Name: Stuttgart City Library Date: 2011 Location: Stuttgart, Germany Architect: Yi Architects Size: 34,455 SF Use: library & archive Images: Stefan Miller

Images illustrating the filtering of light from outside to inside

Works Cited 1. Vinnitskaya, I. (2011, December 23). Stuttgart City Library / Yi Architects. ArchDaily. Retrieved October 4, 2021, from https://www.archdaily.com/193568/stuttgart-citylibrary-yi-architects. 2. Milon, Bart. Looking forward - Athenaeum Philadelphia. Philadelphia Athenaeum. Retrieved September 25, 2021, from http://omeka.philaathenaeum.org/LookingForward/ items/show/16.

PRECEDENT | FACADE LAYERING & TRANSPARENCY

COMPRESSION Original Facade

Facade Iteration 1

Name: Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library Date: 1963 Location: New Haven, Connecticut Architect: Gorden Bunshaft, SOM Size: 125,262 SF Use: library & archive Images: SOM & Ezra Stoller/Esto

Facade Iteration 2

Diagram illustrating compressions with floating volume

Works Cited 1. Fiederer, L. (2017, August 1). Ad classics: Beinecke rare book & manuscript library / som. ArchDaily. Retrieved October 4, 2021, from https://www.archdaily.com/65987/adclassics-beinecke-rare-book-and-manuscript-library-skidmore-owings-merrill. 2. Milon, Bart. Looking forward - Athenaeum Philadelphia. Philadelphia Athenaeum. Retrieved September 25, 2021, from http://omeka.philaathenaeum.org/LookingForward/ items/show/16.

North Facade Iteration 1

North Facade Iteration 2

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT | ITERATIONS

West Facade Iterations

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT | LIGHTING ITERATIONS

No Fourth Floor

Fourth Floor

Third Floor

Second Floor

First Floor

Basement

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT | ITERATION 4 RENDERINGS

We had successful moments in our atrium being open with floating volumes, wide corridors that surround the entire atrium and hold the bookshelves, and finally our compression entryway to our expansion atrium. For the exterior, we had chosen the West Facade material and the transparent feeling when walking upon the building.

Original Cost

CALCULATIONS | COST

1st Iteration Cost

2nd Iteration Cost

CALCULATIONS | COST

Cost Comparison

CALCULATIONS | STRUCTURE

CALCULATIONS

CALCULATIONS | THERMAL BUILDING SKIN ‐ BASELINE Area (SF) R‐Value U‐Factor UA 4672.58 30 0.033 155.75 2485.75 0.53 1.9 4722.93

Surface Roof Skylight Without windows North Wall 1430.56 36.07 South Wall 5107.64 36.07 With windows North Wall 4534.72 0.53 South Wall 857.64 0.53 West Wall 2250 0.53 East Wall 2250 0.53 BUILDING SKIN ‐ BASELINE Total 23588.89

0.028 0.028

39.66 141.60

1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9

8615.97 1629.52 4275 4275 23855.43

Surface Area (SF) R‐Value U‐Factor UA R‐VALUE CALCAULATION Roof 4672.58 30 0.033 155.75 Building Volume = Material 298264 CF Skylight 2485.75 0.53 1.9 4722.93 Layer R‐Value UAinfiltration Without windows A = 322.132"Btu/h‐F Rainscreen Panel 1.2 North Wall 1430.56 36.07 0.028 39.66 UAtotal = B24177.561.5" Btu/h‐F Air Gap 0.93 South WallC 5107.64 36.07 0.028 141.60 2" Rigid Insulation 10 With windows D Air/Vapor Barrier 0.06 Internal North WallGains 4534.72 0.53 1.9 8615.97 E 0.5" Sheathing 1.32 SolarWall insulation in Jan. through 792 Btu/day‐ft2 South 857.64 south 0.53glazing (VS) 1.9 =1629.52 F 6" Metal Stud w/ Batt Insulation 22 West 2250 south 0.53glazing (HS) 1.9 = 555 4275 SolarWall insulation in Jan. through Btu/day‐ft2 G 5/8" GWB Interior 0.56 East 0.53 = 1.125 1.9 BTU/h‐ft2 4275 Avg.Wall heat gains for 10‐hr 2250 day occupancy Total R‐Value 36.07 Total 23588.89 23855.43

Solar Gain = 28302.12 Btu/h Solar Gain = 82029.75 Btu/h Building Volume = 298264 CF Q = 31569.13 Btu/h UAiinfiltration = 322.13 Btu/h‐F UA = 24177.56Btu/h Btu/h‐F Qitotal = 85296.76 Total Qi = 116865.89 Btu/h

BUILDING SKIN ‐ FINAL DESIGN Surface Area (SF) R‐Value U‐Factor UA Roof 4672.58 30 0.033 155.75 Skylight 2485.75 0.53 1.9 4722.93 Without windows North Wall 7296.00 36.07 0.028 202.27 South Wall 7948 36.07 0.028 220.35 East Wall 2561 36.07 0.028 71.00 With windows North Wall 652.00 4.55 0.22 143.44 North Wall (polycarbonate) 1303.00 1.69 0.59 768.77 BUILDING SKIN ‐1416.67 FINAL DESIGN 1.69 West Wall (polycarbonate) 0.59 836 Surface Area (SF) R‐Value U‐Factor UA West Wall (curtain wall) 833.33 4.55 0.22 183 Roof 4672.58 30 0.033 155.75 East Wall 602 0.53 1.9 1144 Skylight 2485.75 0.53 1.9 4722.93 North Wall (polycarbonate) 1303.00 1.69 0.59 768.77 Without windows TotalWall 31073.33 9216.25 North 7296.00 36.07 0.028 202.27

South Wall 7948 36.07 0.028 220.35 East Wall 2561 36.07 0.028 71.00 A B C D F G Building Volume = 298264 CF With windows UAinfiltration = 322.13 Btu/h‐F652.00 North Wall 4.55 0.22 143.44 UAtotalWall = 9538.38 Btu/h‐F 1303.00 North (polycarbonate) 1.69 0.59 768.77 West Wall (polycarbonate) 1416.67 1.69 0.59 836 West Wall Gains (curtain wall) 833.33 4.55 0.22 183 Internal EXT. INT. East Wall 602 0.53 1.9 1144 Solar insulation in Jan. through south glazing (VS) = 792 Btu/day‐ft2 North Wall (polycarbonate) 1303.00 1.69 0.59 768.77 Solar insulation in Jan. through south glazing (HS) = 5559216.25 Btu/day‐ft2 Total 31073.33

Avg. heat gains for 10‐hr day occupancy = 1.125 BTU/h‐ft2

Solar Gain = 28302.12 Btu/h Building Volume = 298264 CF UA = 322.13 Btu/h‐FBtu/h Solar Gain = 82029.75 infiltration UA = 9538.38 Btu/h‐F Qi total = 31569.13 Btu/h Qi = 85296.76 Btu/h

Internal Gains Solar insulation in Jan. through south glazing (VS) = 792 Btu/day‐ft2 Baseline Balance Temperature Solar insulation in Jan.Point through south glazing (HS) = 555 Btu/day‐ft2 Avg. for 10‐hr day occupancy = 1.125 BTU/h‐ft2 tb = heat ti ‐ Qgains /UA = 70F ‐ (116865.89 Btu/h ÷ 24177.56 Btu/h‐F) = 65.17 i total Solar Gain = 28302.12 Btu/h tb = 65F Solar Gain = 82029.75 Btu/h Qi = 31569.13 Btu/h Qi = 85296.76 Btu/h Total Qi = 116865.89 Btu/h

Internal Gains Totalinsulation Qi = 116865.89 Btu/hsouth glazing (VS) = 792 Btu/day‐ft2 Solar in Jan. through Solar insulation in Jan. through south glazing (HS) = 555 Btu/day‐ft2 Avg. gains Balance for 10‐hr day occupancy = 1.125 BTU/h‐ft2 Finalheat Design Point Temperature Solar Gain = 28302.12 Btu/h tb = ti ‐ Qi/UAtotal = 70F ‐ (116865.89 Btu/h ÷ 9538.38 Btu/h‐F) = 57.75F Solar Gain = 82029.75 Btu/h t = 58F Qbi = 31569.13 Btu/h Qi = 85296.76 Btu/h Total Qi = 116865.89 Btu/h

Baseline Balance Point Temperature tb = ti ‐ Qi/UAtotal = 70F ‐ (116865.89 Btu/h ÷ 24177.56 Btu/h‐F) = 65.17 tb = 65F

Final Design Balance Point Temperature tb = ti ‐ Qi/UAtotal = 70F ‐ (116865.89 Btu/h ÷ 9538.38 Btu/h‐F) = 57.75F tb = 58F

FINAL REVIEW | SITE PLAN

10 20

40’

FINAL REVIEW | SITE SECTIONS

East-West Site Section

64’

North-South Site Section

64’

FINAL REVIEW | DIAGRAMS

Align with atrium

Pinch massing to reveal layering of shell

Remove front of shell

Exterior Shell

Facade Development Diagram

FINAL REVIEW | DIAGRAMS

Precedent Bookshelves

Proposed Bookshelves

Bookshelves

Precedent Circulation

Proposed Circulation

Core Monumental Stair Corridors

Precedent Volumes Interior Volumes

Proposed Volumes

FINAL REVIEW | PLAN MATRIX

LIFE SAFETY PLANS

STRUCTURAL FRAMING PLANS

PROGRAM PLANS

MOST REMOTE POINT TO EGRESS BLDG EGRESS DISTANCES EGRESS STAIRS EXIT LOCATIONS

Life Safety Plans Most Remote Point to Egress Building Egress Distances Egress Stairs Exit Locations

COLUMNS GIRDERS

Structural Framing Plans Columns Girders

READING/REFERENCE ARCHIVE CIRCULATION LOBBY/RECEPTION GALLERY STAFF OFFICE STAFF WORK ROOM STORAGE/SERVICE

Program Plans Reading/Reference Archieve Circulation Lobby/Reception Gallery Staff Office Staff Workroom Storage/Service

LIGHTING PLANS

Daylighting Plans

FINAL REVIEW | BUILDING SECTIONS

Cross Section

0 4 8

16’

Longitudinal Section

FINAL REVIEW | FLOOR PLANS

Roof Floor Plan

0 4 8

16’

FINAL REVIEW | FLOOR PLANS

Level 4 Floor Plan

FINAL REVIEW | FLOOR PLANS

Level 3 Floor Plan

0 4 8

16’

FINAL REVIEW | FLOOR PLANS

Level 2 Floor Plan

FINAL REVIEW | FLOOR PLANS

Level 1 Floor Plan

0 4 8

16’

FINAL REVIEW | FLOOR PLANS

Basement Floor Plan

FINAL REVIEW | EAST & WEST ELEVATIONS

West Elevation

48’

East Elevation

48’

FINAL REVIEW | NORTH ELEVATION

North Elevation

48’

GROWING MEDIA FILTER FABRIC DRAINAGE LAYER ROOF BARRIER 8” RIGID INSULATION WATERPROOFING LAYER ROOF DECK

FINAL REVIEW | FACADE ASSEMBLY

"4-'3

3'-4"

"2-'31

13'-2"

"2-'31

13'-2"

STEEL BRACKET

"4-'96

69'-4"

STEEL ANGLE STEEL DECKING STEEL SPANDREL BEAM SPANDREL INSULATION SPANDREL GLAZING CURTAIN WALL RAIL STEEL PLATE TREADED ANCHOR TENSION ROD METAL RAIL 2” POLYCARBONATE PANEL

METAL CAP

Spandrel Detail

TAINLESS STEEL HANDRAIL

"8-'61

16'-8"

STAINLESS STEEL POST STAINLESS STEEL KICKRAIL ETAL ANCHOR TO PARAPET

15'-0"

"4-'31

Partial West Elevation

"0-'51

METAL FLASHING AIR/VAPOR BARRIER CONC. PARAPET WALL GROWING MEDIA FILTER FABRIC DRAINAGE LAYER ROOF BARRIER 8” RIGID INSULATION WATERPROOFING LAYER ROOF DECK

13'-4"

CURTAIL WALL PANEL STEEL BRACKET CURTAIL WALL RAIL PROTECTIVE COVERING FINISH FLOOR 5” CONC. SLAB SLAB ANCHOR STEEL STUD STEEL SPANDREL BEAM SUSPENDED GYPSUM CEILING

Detail at Grade

12’

2” RIGID INSULATION

STEEL BRACKET STEEL ANGLE STEEL DECKING STEEL SPANDREL BEAM SPANDREL INSULATION SPANDREL GLAZING CURTAIN WALL RAIL STEEL PLATE TREADED ANCHOR

West Wall Section

0.5DAMP1PROOFING TO GRADE 2’ CONC. FOUNDATION WALL FURRED WALL 3/4” STONE SURROUND 4” DRAIN PIPE

FINISH FLOOR 5” CONC. SLAB

FINAL REVIEW | FACADE ASSEMBLY

GLASS METAL PANELING GROWING MEDIUM DRAINAGE LAYER ROOF BARRIER 8” RIGID INSULATION

5” CONC. FLOOR + WATERPROOFING STEEL DECK STEEL GIRDER SUSPENDED G.W.B. CEILING

WOODEN STACKS

5/8” G.W.B.

3-5/8” STEEL STUDS 3-5/8” BATT INSULATION 8” CMU WALL 2” RIGID INSULATION STEEL SUPPORT CLIP METAL PANELING

Composite Facade Axon

FINAL REVIEW | NARRATIVE

The Athenaeum’s design aims to incite curiosity and amazement throughout one’s visit to the historic library. As the visitor approaches the library from the street, they wonder what is happening behind the translucent facade wrapping around bookshelves. The layers of books and materials on the bookshelves shield the people and activity inside. The first floor is the most transparent, allowing people to peek inside the lobby. The lobby is compact and weighs down on the visitor until they walk towards the stairs to the atrium. The ceiling slowly peels away to reveal an impressive skylight, opening the floor to the entire building - vastly different from the compressed lobby. The expansive space is illuminated only by the skylight as various materials fill the shelves on either side of the atrium. The monumental stairs continue upwards, showcasing pockets of rest stops to view and socialize. The open area on the next level feels like a reprieve - a regular-sized room to sit, interact, and work in. The bookshelves line the corridors and rooms on all sides, minimizing the light streaming inside. The exterior bookshelves are backed by an opaque wall, preventing outsiders from looking in. There are a few punched openings on the facade and the bookshelves for light and view. This creates an element of mystery, showing what is inside minimally to invite the visitor in to explore.

FINAL REVIEW | PROCESS SKETCHES

Glass Stair Detail

Section

Atrium Volume Development

FINAL REVIEW| TRANSVERSE SECTION

8’

FINAL REVIEW | LONGITUDINAL SECTION PERSPECTIVE

12’

FINAL REVIEW | EXTERIOR RENDERING

FINAL REVIEW | INTERIOR RENDERING

FINAL REVIEW | PHYSICAL MODEL

FINAL REVIEW | JUROR FEEDBACK

The project has many details that have been considered and incoporated into the project. There are always new things to see and think about. There are few details that should be clarified more. The bookshelves all face the corridors, where people reach for books and materials from. The rear of the bookshelf faces the atrium, which can be misleading to people as the collection can be reached. There is a thin piece of glass that prevents people from taking the materials from the atrium side and so the material does not fall, but it is not very clear. It is interesting how people are able to see the pages of the books from the atrium’s side, which is not always seen. The bookshelf carries through the facades very clearly. The horizontal datums appear on the front facade in the polycarbonate and wraps itself around the sides. The north facade is metal panel, but it is unknown what the metal product is. Metal panels have a variety of finishes, textures, and composition that should be carefully considered and is best to evaluate in person. The skylight is the most unresolved design element. It is enormous and brings in a lot of light; it should be much less - 10% of the roof. The design team should consider using clerestories; light still comes in as they are high windows, but there is a lesser amount. The glass threshold between the monumental stairs and the reading rooms are an interesting element. The threshold clearly divides the atrium and enclosed rooms. It allows people to look down the atrium and see the entirety of the bookshelves. However, the glass threshold may not be comfortable for people to walk on. It appears thin and at a high level, it would be difficult to cross as one can see the lower floors. Overall, the skill of the presentation, quality of the interior views, and the concept of the interior atrium are very impressive. The exploration of the bookshelf corridors is a novel idea, but may be challenging for a library. The project evolved very stongly from the competition entry and is a strong and fresh solution.