2.3 Thermodynamics 2.3.1 Temperature and the Kinetic Theory of Gases
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Equation of state for ideal gases with Cobra4 (gas laws: Gay-Lussac, Amontons, Boyle) What you can learn about ■■ Thermal tension coefficient ■■ General equation of state for ideal gases ■■ Universal gas constant ■■ Amontons‘ law
Benefits ■■ All gas laws can be measured with the same setup ■■ Very compact setup, can be stored in the shelf and is always ready to use ■■ Very demonstrative: Volume is read directly at the gas syringe, temperature and pressure are measured with sensors in real-time Details
Principle The state of a gas is determined by temperature, pressure and amount of substance. For the limiting case of ideal gases, these state variables are linked via the general equation of state. Tasks For a constant amount of gas (air) investigate the correlation of 1. Volume and pressure at constant temperature (Boyle and Mariotte‘s law)
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2. Volume and temperature at constant pressure (Gay-Lussac‘s law) 3. Pressue and temperature at constant volume (Charles‘ (Amontons law) From the relationships obtained calculate the universal gas constant as well as the coefficient of thermal expansion, the coefficient of thermal tension, and the coefficient of cubic compressibility.
Maxwellian velocity distribution What you can learn about ■■ Kinetic theory of gases ■■ Temperature ■■ Gas molecules ■■ Model kinetic energy ■■ Average velocity ■■ Velocity distribution
Benefits ■■ For both demonstration and student experiments ■■ Unique experiment to quantitatively study kinetic gas theory ■■ With detailed experiment guide ■■ Visualization of the Maxwell Boltzmann distribution
Details
Principle By means of the model apparatus for kinetic theory of gases the motion of gas molecules is simulated and the velocities determined by registration of the throw distance of the glass balls. This velocity distribution is compared to the theoretical Maxwell-Boltzmann equation.
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Tasks 1. Measure the velocity distribution of the “model gas“. 2. Compare the result to theoretical behaviour as described by the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. 3. Discuss the results.
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