FLORESTA IMPAC T HUB PORTO ALEGRE, BRAZIL
S ONG PEI FEN 15022536 P3 0 4 0 6 : S ustai nabl e Desi gn i n C ontext 4 MAY 2 0 1 6
SITE OVERVIEW
3 5
BACKGROUND - Created on 7 December, 1959 - 4th District of Porto Alegre. - 16,085 inhabitants - Area of 2.19 sq km - Population density : 7344.75 ppl/km² - Illiteracy rate is 1.24% - Av. income/household : 6.00 min. wages - Floresta is the most deprived region in Porto Alegre SOCIOECONOMY OF SITE - Low income class population living in social housing - Middle income class population living in apartments / mix-used buildings - Light industries, commercial and retail - Recycling factories and scrapyards - Creative arts & design industries (Eg: Vila Flores - a collective of creative companies)
2 Top : Location of Floresta in Porto Alegre Right : Map of Floresta
1
CONNECTIVITY OF SITE - Internal connection : Road - External connection : Railway
4
Train to airport and other cities Main road network for cars, buses
MAIN POINTS OF INTEREST
1 - Rodovaria de Porto Alegre - Main bus station
2 - Secretaria da Segurança Pública - Public Safety Office
3 - Social Housing (formerly a slum- Vila dos Papeileiros)
4 - Shopping Total (former brewery)
5 - Vila Flores (creative hub)
LOCAL CLIMATE Warm & humid subtropical climate Temperature Summer : November - March [21°C - 30°C] Winter : May - August [10°C -21°C] Wind Typical wind speed : 0 m/s to 7 m/s Annual prevailing wind South-East and North-East direction. Precipitation/Rain Average 1347.4 mm of rainfall per year Sun Average 2443 hours of sunshine per year
SITE CHARAC TER BUILT ENVIRONMENT
NATURAL SYSTEMS
Flooding
Energy inefficient buildings
Air and Noise pollution Poorly maintained historic buildings
Lack of green spaces Dead streets leads to crime
ECONOMY
TRANSPORTATION
QUALITY OF LIFE
Unpaved sidewalk Creative industries booming
Recycling industry
Vehicle-oriented roads
Illegal parking under bridge
Crime - Lack of security
Lack of sense of community
Local material - clay brick, eucalyptus, slate and stone
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PROPOSED MASTERPLAN
COMMUNITY Create a significant civic square for public activities
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
SECURITY Downscale the size of police station & disseminate police patrol in neighborhood to increase security, coupled with neighborhood watch
P
EDUCATION Provide education and skills training to local community to boost employment rate
P ECONOMY Create a co-working hub to encourage cross-sharing of skills and promote creative economy
P P P
R.
R.
0 N
20
20 50
50
100
100
200
200
SCALE 1:2000
N SCALE SCALE 1:2000 1:2000 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
0
LEGEND Foot access from bus station Foot/car/bicycle access from Floresta neighborhood Bicycle path P Parking space Foot access to riverside park Vehicle traffic direction Railway
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
URBAN OASIS Promote active lifestyle and balanced ecosystem. Reduce pollution and flooding
MASTERPLAN COMMUNITY PROGRAMS
Waterfront promenade
Boat tour
View deck
Green bicycle bridge
Natural Swim Pool
Impact Hub
Open air market
Open air stage
Drinking fountain
Bike hire
Exercise
WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
A
B
C
D
SCALE 1:750 A
C
B
Regeneration zone
Rainwater is harvested on the building roof and filtered for non-potable use to reduce freshwater demand.
Swales help to reduces runoff rates and volumes, and urban pollutants. The park also increases local natural biodiversity.
D
Road and sidewalk pavements are porous asphalt to allow for infiltration of stormwater into the ground as a flood mitigation strategy. This also eliminates contamination of stormwater in the urban sewage sysem
Swimming zone
Natural Swimming Pool for public use. Rainwater is collected and filtered by aquatic plants and microorganisms in the pool.
D
Road is pedestrianised with bicycle path and porous-paved sidewalk. Softscape helps to aid infiltration of stormwater runoff in ground. Road
IMPAC T HUB - DESIGN AIM
9
8 7 6
FOSTER A SKILL-SHARING CO-WORKING COMMUNITY TO PROMOTE CREATIVE ECONOMY
5 4
PROVIDE SKILLS & EDUCATION TO THE LOCAL COMMUNITY TO PROMOTE EMPLOYMENT RATE
3 2 1
SCALE 1:250
CREATE A CIVIC SQUARE & PUBLIC AMENITIES TO PROMOTE AN ACTIVE COMMUNITY
LIST OF SPACES 1 - CIVIC PIAZZA, CAFE, 24-HOUR CONCIERGE, BICYCLE SHED 2- EVENT HALL 3 - COMMUNITY TRAINING ROOMS 4 - GYMNASIUM, FUNCTION ROOMS, LOUNGE, GARDEN BRIDGE 5 - SHORT-LET ACCOMMODATION 6 - CO-WORKING HUB AND SMALL OFFICE SPACE 7 - CO-WORKING HUB AND SMALL OFFICE SPACE 8 - CO-WORKING HUB AND SMALL OFFICE SPACE AND WORKSHOP 9 - RESTAURANT/BAR/CINEMA
IMPAC T HUB -DESIGN CONCEPT
SCALE 1:250 (A2)
Impermeable bulk
Raise program above a porous plinth Permeate the plinth with green belt Penetrate mass with natural ventilation and views
Bulk is striped back to the structural framework (concrete columns, brick facade and concrete slab) Skin is made more porous with varied openings and vertical louvres on the east/west facades
Museu de Art Moderna, Rio de Janeiro The museum is raised above a stone paved plinth which blends into the waterfront park. Ground floor is popular with skaters.
WATER SYSTEM RAINWATER HARVESTING CALCULATION
Reflective galvanised steel/aluminium pitched roof
Water use per person per day (litres) Number of people Number of days in a year
1 Balloon gauze in gutter to filter debris
Drainage pipes in flat roof
Annual water demand (litres) = Water use pp/day * No. of ppl * 365
28032000
Collecting area - level 9 roof (m²) Roof type correction factor Annual precipitation value (Litres/m² )
2196.28 0.90 1347.40
Annual rainwater yield (litres) = Collecting Area * Roof factor * Annual ppt value Average of rain yield + rain demand Safety reserve days
Copper pipes have disinfecting effect
6
80 960 365
2663335.74 (10%) 15347667.87 21.00
Total tank size (litres) 883016.51 = [Average of rain yield + rain demand] * [Safety reserve days / 365] 5
Total tank size (m3)
4
883.02
Water is stored in space-saving horizontal water hogs placed in between floor slab and false floor on each level. The water storage volume on each level is dependent on the number of occupancy.
Sand filter tank on level 1
RAINWATER COLLECTION PROCESS Filtered water is stored in horizontal water hogs on each level
1 - Rainwater is collected through roof drainage pipes (copper pipes have disinfecting effect on water)
2 - Water is filtered in a sand filter tank placed in service room on level 1
3 - Via a pump, the filtered water is chanelled to the water hogs on each level
6 - Used water from the sinks is reused in the lowflush toilets.
5 - The water passes through another sand filter and UV filter located in the sink cabinet before it is used for washing.
4 - Water is stored in horizontal water hogs placed in between the floor slab and false floor. Water acts as a cooling agent for the building.
2
UV filter disinfects water
7
Low-flush toilets use recycled water from sinks
7 - Blackwater from the toilets flows to the district sewage line. 3
P
BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE Standard wall construction Brickwork, Outer Leaf - 100mm XPS Extruded Polystyrene - 50mm Concrete Block - 100mm Gypsum Plastering - 15mm U Value - 0.502 W/m2K
Sea breeze - day
Internal partition Plywood Lightweight - 6mm Air gap - 100mm Plywood Lightweight - 6mm U value - 2.041 W/m2K
Land breeze - night
CO-WORKING HUB
0
20 N
50
100
200
Glazing Single-glazed, clear 6mm window pane U value - 5.778 W/m2K 30% WWR
SCALE 1:2000
BASELINE BUILDING
Lighting Office lighting 3.23 W/m2/100 lux, without lighting control
HVAC type
Air tightness 0.7 ach
Fan Coil Unit (Full air conditioned)
Annual energy breakdown and Total Energy Use Intensity (kwh/m2/year) 173.02
180.00 160.00
BUILDING EFFICIENCY TARGETS
AIM To create naturally ventilated offices and co-working space with annual Energy Use Intensity (EUI) that meets ASHRAE Medium Office Standard and Passivhaus standard. To establish an operative temperature within the range of adaptive thermal comfort temperature. STRATEGY Eliminate the use of conventional air-conditioning and ventilation methods. Use of passive cooling techniques through building fabric improvement and solar shadind devices. Since the building is located near to the river, the cool sea breeze helps to aid natural ventilation (day). At night, warm air from the land/building flows towards to river.
138.68 (Medium Office Standard - ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007)
140.00
120 (Passivhaus Standard)
120.00
105.26
100.00 80.00 60.00 32.90
40.00 20.00
6.86
0.00
ENERGY PERFORMANCE SIMULATION TOOL
Using Design Builder, passive cooling strategies and building fabric optimisation are applied.The floor level 6 is simulated to obtain results of EUI and operative temperatures.
27.95
Base Model Heating
Cooling
Lighting
Office Equipment
Electricity Use Intensity (kwh/m2/yr)
UCT
SIMULATED BUILDING LEVEL 6 -
Floor / Ceiling Aerated concrete slab - 150mm Screed - 50mm U value - 0.752 W/m2K
BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE
STEP 2 - Full natural ventilation Standard wall construction Brickwork, Outer Leaf - 100mm XPS Extruded Polystyrene - 50mm Concrete Block - 100mm Gypsum Plastering - 15mm U Value - 0.502 W/m2K Internal partition Plywood Lightweight - 6mm Air gap - 100mm Plywood Lightweight - 6mm U value - 2.041 W/m2K Floor / Ceiling Aerated concrete slab - 150mm Screed - 50mm U value - 0.752 W/m2K
Glazing Single-glazed, clear 6mm pane U value - 5.778 W/m2K 30% WWR Lighting Office lighting 3.23 W/m2/100 lux, without lighting control Air tightness 0.7 ach
HVAC type
Natural Ventilation Only
STEP 3 - Fabric Improvement Standard wall construction Brickwork, Outer Leaf - 100mm XPS Extruded Polystyrene - 50mm Concrete Block - 100mm Gypsum Plastering - 15mm U Value - 0.502 W/m2K Internal partition Plywood Lightweight - 6mm PUR Polyurethane Board-100mm Plywood Lightweight - 6mm U value - 0.256 W/m2K Floor / Ceiling - Opt 1 Aerated concrete slab - 150mm Screed - 50mm Ceramic floor tiles - 8mm U value - 0.749 W/m2K Floor / Ceiling - Opt 2 Aerated concrete slab - 150mm Screed - 50mm Air gap - 70mm Steel decking - 30mm U value - 0.676W/m2K Exposed material properties Thermal absorptance - 0.1 Texture - Smooth Colour - Light
Glazing 2x glazed solar control glass low-e U value - 1, SHGC - 0.270, VLT -0.49 Medium Reflectivity Exterior Window Blinds, 1m overhang and vertical louvres on East/West 30% WWR on East, 20% on West Lighting Office lighting 3.23 W/m2/100 lux, with lighting control Air tightness 0.3 ach Vertical louvres Material 1- Lightweight timber Material 2 - Tinted solar control glass Material 3 - Perforated metal
HVAC type
Natural Ventilation Only
STEP 4 - Passive Chilled Beam Standard wall construction Brickwork, Outer Leaf - 100mm XPS Extruded Polystyrene - 50mm Concrete Block - 100mm Gypsum Plastering - 15mm U Value - 0.502 W/m2K Internal partition Plywood Lightweight - 6mm PUR Polyurethane Board-100mm Plywood Lightweight - 6mm U value - 0.256 W/m2K Floor / Ceiling - Opt 1 Aerated concrete slab - 150mm Screed - 50mm Ceramic floor tiles - 8mm U value - 0.749 W/m2K Floor / Ceiling - Opt 2 Aerated concrete slab - 150mm Screed - 50mm Air gap - 70mm Steel decking - 30mm U value - 0.676W/m2K Exposed material properties Thermal absorptance - 0.1 Texture - Smooth Colour - Light
Glazing 2x glazed solar control glass low-e U value - 1, SHGC - 0.270, VLT -0.49 Medium Reflectivity Exterior Window Blinds, 1m overhang and vertical louvres on East/West 30% WWR on East, 20% on West Lighting Office lighting 3.23 W/m2/100 lux, with lighting control Air tightness 0.3 ach Vertical louvres Material 1- Lightweight timber Material 2 - Tinted solar control glass Material 3 - Perforated metal
HVAC type
Cooled beams, with DOAS and water-cooled chiller, Natural Ventilation
BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
STEP 1 - Baseline Building
Annual energy breakdown and Total Energy Use Intensity (kwh/m2/year) 180.00
173.02
160.00
138.68 (Medium Office Standard - ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007)
140.00
120 (Passivhaus Standard)
120.00 105.26
99.34
100.00
STEP 2 - Baseline Building with Natural Ventilation
80.00 60.85
60.00 40.00 20.00 0.00
EUI is 173.02 kwh/m2/yr due to high cooling loads and inefficient building utilities. This is higher than the ASHRAE Medium Office Standard and Passivhaus standard. Monthly operative temperatures are in the comfort range due to conventional heating and cooling.
32.90 27.95
59.95
32.90 27.95
31.99 27.96
31.99 27.96 24.97 14.42
6.86
0.00 Base Model Heating
0.00
0.00 0.00 Step 1
Cooling
Lighting
Office Equipment
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
Step 2 Fans and pumps
EUI decreases by 64.8%. Cooling and heating loads become zero when the building operates on natural ventilation only. There is major overheating problem as there is no mechanical cooling and the east & west facade are heavily glazed without shading. Internal gain from lighting and equipment also contributes to high operative temperatures.
Step 3
Electricity Use Intensity (kwh/m2/yr)
Average Monthly Operative Temperatures (°C) 40
STEP 3 - Fabric Improvement EUI maintains when building fabric is improved while using natural ventilation. Monthly operative temperatures decrease, but there’s still a slight overheating problem from November - March. Recorded operative temperatures are slightly higher than adaptive operative temperatures.
35 30
Mean Air Temperature
25
Adaptive Operative temperature
20
Recorded Operative Temperature Baseline Building
15
Recorded Operative Temperature - Step 2
10 5 0
STEP 4 - Passive Chilled Beam EUI increases due to fans/pumps loads and occsional cooling of water in the chilled beam pipes. The EUI is still below the Passivhaus standard. Monthly operative temperatures decreases significantly to well below adaptive operative temperatures in the range 22.11 °C-25.28 °C.
Recorded Operative Temperature - Step 3 Recorded Operative Temperature - Step 4
Adaptive equation for hot-humid climate
T(neutop) = 0.53*T(outmm) + 14.5 T(neutop) is indoor neutral operative temperature (°C) T(outmm) is monthly mean outdoor air temperature (°C) This equation predicts neutral operative temperatures of 24.9–31.2 °C
SUM M ARY OF SUSTAIN AB LE BUILDING STRATEG IES Light shelf for high angle sunlight reflection User-controlled vertical louvres with low thermal absorptance to regulate solar heat gain while allowing for natural ventilation & daylight.
1
Patio - Buffer Zone
Office
2 closed for heavy rain ventilation with rain proofing
maximum ventilation with shade
full overhead sun
3
Tinted solar control low-e glass
Perforated metal (aluminium)
4
Lightweight weather-resistant timber slats (bamboo, cedar)
[West] Summer Design Day, 15 Dec - 14:00 hours Sun angle - 61° Scale - 1:50
Planter box for incoming air filtration and cooling Low inlet air vent and high outlet vent to create pressure difference to aid natural cross ventilation Passive water-chilled beams to circulate cool air around the room.
Ceramic floor tiles (or raised floor) to aid natural space cooling. Ceramic floor tiles covers the direct gain concrete slab, this ensures good heat conduction. In some spaces, raised floor/false floor is applied for natural underfloor air distribution which provides natural cooling.
Patio - Buffer Zone
5
Office
6
[West] Winter Design Day, 15 June - 14:00 hours Sun angle - 29° Scale - 1:50
BUILDING CONSTRUC TION
A Perforated metal floor panel
Brick (215mmx102.5mmx65mm) Metal tie reinforcement Gypsum plastering
L9
Steel pedestal support bolted to floor Damp proof membrane
XPS Extruded Polystyrene Ins.
Floor screed Aerated concrete slab
Wedge insert with bolt Shelf angle
Suspension rod bolted to slab
Concrete block Copper flashing
A
L8
Acoustic ceiling tile
Aluminium storefront window system Double glazed unit air-filled Aluminium window casing
B
Pitched brick sill
C
Copper flashing adhered to sheathing
L7
B L6
Metal headrail Rotating pivot Hook and louvre casement 20mm thick tinted glass
Scale - 1:75
Hook member with chain pulley Chain to pull to rotate louvres
Pivot Glass louvre encased in metal frame Hook for louvre fastening
Scale - 1:10
BUILDING CONSTRUC TION
C Brick (215mmx102.5mmx65mm) Metal tie reinforcement Gypsum plastering
Floor option 1 Ceramic tiles (200mmx200mm)
L9
Floor screed XPS Extruded Polystyrene Ins.
Aerated concrete slab
Concrete block Copper flashing
A
Metal headrail
L8
Glass/Perforated metal/Timber louvre (25mm thick)
B L7
C
Metal rail/Lightshelf
L6
Scale - 1:75
Air filtering plants
Sill Concrete planter box with damp proof membrane
Floor option 2 Perforated metal floor panel Steel pedestal support bolted to floor Floor screed Aerated concrete slab
Scale - 1:10
LEVEL 1 FLOOR PLAN
8 113.3 m²
5 65.8 m²
83.6 m²
1
3
6 90.9 m²
96.3 m²
9 431.7 m²
4
7
85.7 m²
R.
N
2
4 20
SCALE 1:250
6
8
10 50
N SCALE SCALE 1:2000 1:250
20m 100
200
LEGEND 1 - CIRCULATION 2- WC 3 - 24-HOUR CONCIERGE 4 - BICYCLE SHED 5 - BICYCLE SERVICE CENTER 6 - CONVENIENCE STORE 7 - CIVIC PIAZZA / INDOOR SKATING PARK 8 - CAFE BOH 9 - CAFE/BAR 10 - SERVICE AREA & BOH DROPOFF
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONALPRODUCED PRODUCT BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
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10
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
2
LEVEL 1 PERSPEC TIVE VIEW
Ground floor day use
Ground floor night use with security patrol
Groundscape design
LEVEL 5 FLOOR PLAN
6
5 40.5 m²
1
2
59.1 m²
3
3
61.7 m²
61.7 m²
6
R.
N
2
4 20
SCALE 1:250
6
8
10 50
20m 100
200
LEGEND 1 - CIRCULATION 2- GUEST RECEPTION 3 - STORE/LAUNDRY 4 - PATIO 5 - HOTEL ROOM (24 rooms) (1-2 people) 6 - INTERNAL GARDEN/LOUNGE 7 - SERVICE CIRCULATION
N SCALE SCALE 1:2000 1:250
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONALPRODUCED PRODUCT BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
00
7
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
4
LEVEL 5 SKETCHES
The communal internal garden on level 4
View of the garden bridge on level 4
Louvre design
LEVEL 6 FLOOR PLAN
8 4
6 85.1 m²
2
31.8 m²
24.9 m²
27.6 m²
3 1
84.5 m²
65.4 m²
7
9
12
13
14
104.1 m²
67.4 m²
10 15
10
4 24.9 m²
6 72.7 m²
11 346.8 m²
8
43.5 m²
R.
N
2
4 20
SCALE 1:250
6
8
10 50
N SCALE SCALE 1:2000 1:250
20m 100
200
11 - CO-WORKING SPACE 12 - PRIVATE DISCUSSION PODS 13 - PANTRY 14 - PLAY ROOM 15 - CIRCULATION Total usable floor area excluding service lobby = 1802.05 m²
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONALPRODUCED PRODUCT BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
00
LEGEND 1 - CIRCULATION 2- WC/SHOWER 3 - RECEPTION 4 - SMALL OFFICE 5 - LOCKERS 6 - PRINT ROOM/STORAGE 7 - MEETING ROOM 8- PATIO 9 - FORUM/PRESENTATION SPACE 10-OPEN DISCUSSION AREA
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
5
LEVEL 6 PERSPEC TIVE VIEW
The communal forum space for presentation and events
Sliding partition marking boards in meeting area
Co-working space with tinted glass louvres
Private discussion pods
LEVEL 6 PERSPEC TIVE VIEW
West-facing patio as break-out space for office workers
Sketches of the west-facing patio
LEVEL 9 PERSPEC TIVE VIEW
Rooftop bar and restaurant overlooking the sunset on Guiba Lake
Precedent : Rooftop cinema and rooftop bar in London
EXTERIOR VIEW