Anestesiology

72 Pharmacology Parenteral Treatment of Acute Hypertension Agent

Dosage Range

Onset

Duration

Nitroprusside

0.25-10 mcg/kg/min

30-60 sec

1-5 min

Nitroglycerin

5-200 mcg/min

1 min

3-5 min

Esmolol

0.5 mg/kg over 1 min 50-300 mcg/kg/min

1 min

12-20 min

Labetalol

5-20 mg

1-2 min

4-8 hr

Trimethaphan

3-4 mg/min

1-3 min

10-30 min

Phentolamine

2.5-5 mg

1-10 min

20-40 min

Hydralazine

5-40 mg

5-20 min

4-8 hr

Methyldopa

250-1000 mg

2-3 hr

6-12 hr

Nicardipine

5-15 mg/hr

1-5 min

3-6 hr

Fenoldopam

0.1-1.6 mcg/kg/min

4-5 min

<10 min

Systemic Effects of Cardiovascular Agents Drug

CO

PCWP

SVR

MAP

HR

CVP

PVR

Norepinephrine

I

I

I

I

NC

I

I

Phenylephrine

D

I

I

I

D

I

I

Epinephrine

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

Dobutamine

II

D

D

I

I

D

D

Dopamine <6 mcg/kg/min

I

I

I

I

I

I

NC

Dopamine >6 mcg/kg/min

I

II

II

II

I

II

I

Digoxin

I

NC

NC

NC

D

NC

NC

Isoproterenol

II

D

D

D

II

D

D

Amrinone

I

D

D

NC

I

D

D

Nitroglycerin 20-40 mcg/min

NC

D

NC

NC

NC

D

NC

Nitroglycerin 50-250 mcg/min

I

D

D

D

I

D

D