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SUFFICIENCY ECONOMY çSufficiency Economyé is a philosophy bestowed by His Majesty the King to his subjects through royal remarks on many occasions over the past three decades. The philosophy provides guidance on appropriate conduct covering numerous aspects of life. After the economic crisis in 1997, His Majesty reiterated and expanded on the çSufficiency Economyé in remarks made in December 1997 and 1998. The philosophy points the way for recovery that will lead to a more resilient and sustainable economy, better able to meet the challenges arising from globalization and other changes. PHILOSOPHY OF THE SUFFICIENCY ECONOMY çSufficiency Economyé is a philosophy that stresses the middle path as an overriding principle for appropriate conduct by the populace at all levels. This applies to conduct starting from the level of the families, communities, as well as the level of nation in development and administration so as to modernize in line with the forces of globalization. çSufficiencyé means moderation, reasonableness, and the need of self-immunity for sufficient protection from impact arising from internal and external changes. To achieve this, an application of knowledge with due consideration and prudence is essential. In particular

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great care is needed in the utilization of theories and methodologies for planning and implementation in every step. At the same time, it is essential to strengthen the moral fibre of the nation, so that everyone, particularly public officials, academics, businessmen at all levels, adheres first and foremost to the principles of honesty and integrity. In addition, a way of life based on patience, perseverance, diligence, wisdom and prudence is indispensable to create balance and be able to cope appropriately with critical challenges arising from extensive and rapid socioeconomic, environmental, and cultural changes in the world.

Unofficial translation. A working definition compiled from remarks made by His Majesty the King on various occasions and approved by His Majesty and sent by His Majestyûs Principal Private Secretary to the NESDB on November 29, 1999

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°“√æ—≤π“ª√–‡∑»‚¥¬„™âª√—™≠“¢Õ߇»√…∞°‘®æÕ‡æ’¬ß ‡ªìπ °√–∫«π°“√æ—≤π“∑’Ë„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠°—∫§«“¡æÕ¥’ æÕª√–¡“≥ ¬÷¥∑“ß “¬°≈“ß ‰¡à ÿ¥‚μà߉ª¢â“ß„¥¢â“ßÀπ÷Ëß ‡ªìπ√–∫∫¢—ÈπμÕπ ‰¡à√’∫√âÕπ°â“«°√–‚¥¥ ∫πæ◊Èπ∞“π¢Õß°“√√Ÿâ®—°μπ‡Õß·≈–√Ÿâ®—°‡≈◊Õ° ‘Ëßμà“ßÊ ¡“„™â‰¥âÕ¬à“߇À¡“– ¡ ·≈– Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫ ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡ „À⇰‘¥ª√–‚¬™πåÕ¬à“ß¡’‡Àμÿº≈ μ≈Õ¥®π √â“ß¿Ÿ¡§‘ ¡ÿâ °—𧫓¡‡ ’¬Ë ß¿—¬ „Àâ°—∫μπ‡Õß·≈–™ÿ¡™π®“°º≈°√–∑∫∑’ËÕ“®‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¥âμ≈Õ¥‡«≈“ „π‚≈°¬ÿ§‚≈°“¿‘«—μπå ·≈–‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß„π¬“¡«‘°ƒμ ç...©–π—Èπ‡»√…∞°‘®æՇ撬ßπ’È °Á¡’‡ªìπ¢—ÈπÊ ·μà®–∫Õ°«à“ ‡»√…∞°‘®æՇ撬ßπ’È „ÀâæՇ撬߇©æ“–μ—«‡Õß√âÕ¬‡ªÕ√凴Áπμåπ’ˇªìπ ‘ßË ∑’∑Ë ”‰¡à‰¥â. ®–μâÕß¡’°“√·≈°‡ª≈’¬Ë π. μâÕß¡’°“√™à«¬°—π. ...æÕ‡æ’¬ß „π∑ƒ…Æ’À≈«ßπ’È §◊Õ„Àâ “¡“√∂∑’Ë®–¥”‡π‘πß“π‰¥â...é (æ√–√“™¥”√— ‡π◊ËÕß„π‚Õ°“ «—π‡©≈‘¡æ√–™π¡æ√√…“ ÚÛ ∏—𫓧¡ ÚıÙÚ)

π“𓧔∂“¡‡°’ˬ«°—∫ª√—™≠“¢Õ߇»√…∞°‘®æՇ撬ß

ÛÒ


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ÛÚ

π“𓧔∂“¡‡°’ˬ«°—∫ª√—™≠“¢Õ߇»√…∞°‘®æՇ撬ß


¯ °“√º≈‘μ ‘π§â“‡æ◊ËÕ°“√ àßÕÕ° ¢—¥°—∫À≈—°‡»√…∞°‘®æՇ撬ßÀ√◊Õ‰¡à

π“𓧔∂“¡‡°’ˬ«°—∫ª√—™≠“¢Õ߇»√…∞°‘®æՇ撬ß


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ÛÙ

π“𓧔∂“¡‡°’ˬ«°—∫ª√—™≠“¢Õ߇»√…∞°‘®æՇ撬ß


π”‡¢â“∑’Ë®”‡ªìπ„π°“√æ—≤π“ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ¬—ß®”‡ªìπμâÕß π”‡¢â“ ‘π§â“∫“ߪ√–‡¿∑∑’ˇ√“‰¡à “¡“√∂º≈‘μ‡Õ߉¥â ‡™àπ πÈ”¡—𠇪ìπμâπ √ÿ ª ‰¥â «à “ ª√— ™ ≠“¢Õ߇»√…∞°‘ ® æÕ‡æ’ ¬ ߉¡à ª Ø‘ ‡ ∏ °“√ àßÕÕ° ·μàμÕâ ß¡’°“√ √â“ß¿Ÿ¡§‘ ¡ÿâ °—π„πμ—«∑’¥Ë ‡’ æ◊ÕË „Àâæ√âÕ¡√—∫ μàÕ§«“¡‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ßμà“ßÊ ‚¥¬√–≈÷°‡ ¡Õ«à“ °“√®–°â“«ÀπⓉª‰¥â ¿“¬„μâ ° √–· ‚≈°“¿‘ «— μ πå μâ Õ ß„™â μ‘ ªí ≠ ≠“„π°“√¥”‡π‘ π ™’ «‘ μ √Ÿâ‡∑à“∑—π°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß √Õ∫§Õ∫„π°“√μ—¥ ‘π„® ∫πæ◊Èπ∞“π¢Õß §«“¡´◊ËÕ —μ¬å ÿ®√‘μ ‰¡à‡Õ“√—¥‡Õ“‡ª√’¬∫ „π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π °“√∑’®Ë – “¡“√∂§â“¢“¬À√◊Õ¥”‡π‘π∏ÿ√°‘® μà“ßÊ ‰¥âÕ¬à“߬—Ë߬◊ππ—Èπ ®”‡ªìπμâÕß¡’§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ∑—Èߧ«“¡´◊ËÕ —μ¬å ÿ®√‘μ §«“¡‡æ’¬√ §«“¡Õ¥∑π ·≈–§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫μàÕ —ߧ¡ ‚¥¬¡’ °“√æ—≤π“ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√º≈‘μ °“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß ‘π§â“·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æ „Àâ∑π— μàÕ§«“¡μâÕß°“√¢Õßμ≈“¥·≈–°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß∑“߇∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ¿“¬„μâ ∂“π°“√≥åªí®®ÿ∫—π∑’Ë¡’°“√·¢àߢ—π„π√–¥—∫μà“ßÊ ∑—Èß„π√–¥—∫ª√–‡∑»·≈–√–¥—∫‚≈° °“√ª√—∫μ—«Õ¬à“ßæÕª√–¡“≥ °—∫ ∂“π°“√≥åμà“ßÊ ∑’ˇª≈’ˬπ·ª≈߉ª Õ¬à“ß¡’‡Àμÿ¡’º≈ ·≈– √â“ß ¿Ÿ¡‘§ÿâ¡°—π∑’Ë¥’„Àâ°—∫Õߧå°√ ®–∑”„Àâ∏ÿ√°‘®μà“ßÊ “¡“√∂¥”‡π‘π°“√ ‰ª‰¥âÕ¬à“ß¡—Ëπ§ß·≈–¬—Ë߬◊π

π“𓧔∂“¡‡°’ˬ«°—∫ª√—™≠“¢Õ߇»√…∞°‘®æՇ撬ß

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Ûˆ

π“𓧔∂“¡‡°’ˬ«°—∫ª√—™≠“¢Õ߇»√…∞°‘®æՇ撬ß


˘ ª√—™≠“¢Õ߇»√…∞°‘®æÕ‡æ’¬ß ¢—¥μàÕÀ≈—°°“√∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘® ∑’ˇπâπ°“√À“°”‰√À√◊Õ‰¡à

π“𓧔∂“¡‡°’ˬ«°—∫ª√—™≠“¢Õ߇»√…∞°‘®æՇ撬ß


˘ ª√—™≠“¢Õ߇»√…∞°‘®æÕ‡æ’¬ß ¢—¥μàÕÀ≈—°°“√∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘®∑’ˇπâπ°“√À“°”‰√À√◊Õ‰¡à §”𑬓¡ª√—™≠“¢Õ߇»√…∞°‘®æÕ‡æ’¬ß ‰¥â°≈à“«∂÷ß ç...∑—Èß „π°“√æ— ≤ π“·≈–∫√‘ À “√ª√–‡∑»„Àâ ¥”‡π‘ 𠉪„π∑“ß “¬°≈“ß ‚¥¬‡©æ“–°“√æ—≤𓇻√…∞°‘®‡æ◊ÕË „Àâ°“â «∑—πμàÕ‚≈°¬ÿ§‚≈°“¿‘«μ— πå...é ·≈– ç...‚¥¬‡©æ“–‡®â “ Àπâ “ ∑’Ë ¢ Õß√— ∞ π— ° ∑ƒ…Æ’ ·≈–π— ° ∏ÿ √ °‘ ® „π∑ÿ°√–¥—∫ „Àâ¡’ ”π÷°„π§ÿ≥∏√√¡§«“¡´◊ËÕ —μ¬å ÿ®√‘μ ·≈–„Àâ¡’ §«“¡√Õ∫√Ÿâ∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ ¥”‡π‘π™’«‘μ¥â«¬§«“¡Õ¥∑𠧫“¡‡æ’¬√ ¡’ 쑪í≠≠“ ·≈–§«“¡√Õ∫§Õ∫...é ®“°§”𑬓¡∑—ßÈ Õß à«π®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«“à ª√—™≠“¢Õ߇»√…∞°‘® æՇ撬߇ÀÁ𧫓¡ ”§—≠¢Õß¿“§∏ÿ√°‘® ·≈–‰¡à¢—¥μàÕÀ≈—°°“√ ∏ÿ√°‘®∑’ˇπâπ°“√À“°”‰√°≈à“«§◊Õ °“√¬Õ¡√—∫°“√¡’°”‰√„π√–¥—∫ æÕª√–¡“≥ ·≈–¡’‡Àμÿ¡’º≈ ‡æ√“–À“°‰¡à¡’°”‰√ °Á‰¡à “¡“√∂ ¥”‡π‘π∏ÿ√°‘®‰ª‰¥âÕ¬à“߬—Ë߬◊π„π√–¬–¬“« ‰¡àÕ¬Ÿà∫πæ◊Èπ∞“π¢Õß °“√‡Õ“√—¥‡Õ“‡ª√’¬∫∑’¡Ë ßÿà º≈°”‰√ Ÿß ÿ¥‡ªì𠔧—≠‚¥¬‰¡à§”π÷ß∂÷ß º≈°√–∑∫∑’ËÕ“®®–°àÕ„À⇰‘¥«‘°ƒμμ‘¥μ“¡¡“ ´÷Ëß°”‰√„π√–¥—∫ æÕª√–¡“≥π’È ‡ªì𰔉√√–¥—∫ª°μ‘∑“ß¿“…“‡»√…∞°‘® (Normal Profit) ∑’ËæՇ撬ßμàÕπ—°∏ÿ√°‘®∑’Ë≈ß∑ÿπ À√◊ÕºŸâ∂◊ÕÀÿâπ ·≈–μâÕ߉¡à‡ªìπ°“√ · «ßÀ“°”‰√‚¥¬°“√‡Õ“‡ª√’¬∫ºŸâ∫√‘‚¿§ À√◊Õº‘¥°ÆÀ¡“¬

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π“𓧔∂“¡‡°’ˬ«°—∫ª√—™≠“¢Õ߇»√…∞°‘®æՇ撬ß


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π“𓧔∂“¡‡°’ˬ«°—∫ª√—™≠“¢Õ߇»√…∞°‘®æՇ撬ß

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Ù

π“𓧔∂“¡‡°’ˬ«°—∫ª√—™≠“¢Õ߇»√…∞°‘®æՇ撬ß


Ò ∂Ⓡ√“„™â™’«‘μμ“¡ª√—™≠“¢Õ߇»√…∞°‘®æÕ‡æ’¬ß ‡√“ “¡“√∂„™â¢Õß·æ߉¥âÀ√◊Õ‰¡à À√◊Õ “¡“√∂°Ÿâ¬◊¡‡ß‘π‰¥âÀ√◊Õ‰¡à

π“𓧔∂“¡‡°’ˬ«°—∫ª√—™≠“¢Õ߇»√…∞°‘®æՇ撬ß


Ò ∂Ⓡ√“„™â™’«‘μμ“¡ª√—™≠“¢Õ߇»√…∞°‘®æÕ‡æ’¬ß ‡√“ “¡“√∂„™â¢Õß·æ߉¥âÀ√◊Õ‰¡à À√◊Õ “¡“√∂°Ÿâ¬◊¡‡ß‘π‰¥âÀ√◊Õ‰¡à „π°“√¥”‡π‘π™’«‘μμ“¡ª√—™≠“¢Õ߇»√…∞°‘®æՇ撬ßπ—Èπ ¡‘ ‰ ¥â Àâ “ ¡°“√ „™â ¢ Õß·æß À√◊ Õ °“√°Ÿâ ¬◊ ¡ ‡ß‘ π μ√“∫‡∑à “ ∑’Ë ‡ √“ ‰¡à‡∫’¬¥‡∫’¬π„§√ √«¡∑—È߉¡à‡∫’¬¥‡∫’¬πμπ‡Õß ‡æ√“–‡»√…∞°‘® æÕ‡æ’¬ß §◊Õ °“√∑’ˇ√“„™â∑√—欓°√∑’Ë¡’Õ¬ŸàÕ¬à“ß®”°—¥ „π°“√º≈‘μ ‡æ◊ËÕ∫√‘‚¿§‡Õß∫â“ß À√◊Õ‡æ◊ËÕ·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ∫â“ßμ“¡§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡ ‚¥¬‰¡à‡°‘π√–¥—∫§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√„™â®“à ¬¢Õßμπ‡Õß ∑—ßÈ „πªí®®ÿ∫π— ·≈–Õπ“§μ

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