Meyer and Corner from the 1990s provide a fundamental footing for landscape architecture, even as it is practiced today. 17
While landscape critic Simon Swaffield makes a distinction between an interpretive and critical approach to theory, Corner’s hermeneutical approach is both. See Swaffield, “Theory and Critique in Landscape Architecture: Making Connections,” Journal of Landscape Architecture (Spring 2006): 22–29.
18
See Richard Weller, “Between hermeneutics and datascapes: a critical appreciation of emergent landscape design theory and praxis through the writings of James Corner, 1990–2000,” Landscape Review 7/1 (2001), 9.
19
James Corner, “Aqueous Agents: the (re)-presentation of water in the landscape architecture of Hargreaves Associates,” Process Architecture 108 (1996), 34–42.
20
Corner, “Aqueous Agents,” (“Coda”).
21
Péréz-Gomez, Architecture and the Crisis, 138. See also Paul Ricoeur, The Rule of Metaphor (“Study 1: Between poetics and metaphor: Aristotle”), trans. Robert Czerny (Toronto: University of Toronto, 1977).
22
See especially Dalibor Vesely, Architecture in the Age of Divided Representation
23
See Husserl, The Crisis of European Sciences and “The Origin of Geometry” (1936),
(Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004), 24–36. printed in The Crisis . . . as an Appendix. 24
Quoted in Corner and MacLean, Taking Measures Across the American Landscape
25
Corner, Taking Measures, 36.
26
See Marshall Berman, All that is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience of Modernity
27
Corner, Taking Measures, xix.
28
Weller, “Between hermeneutics and datascapes,” 17–18.
29
See, for instance, J. B. Jackson, “The Accessible Landscape,” Whole Earth Review 58
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996), 149.
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1982).
[March 8, 1988], 4–9 in which he states, “I was an early advocate of studying landscapes from the air. . . But . . . I recently drove from New Mexico to Illinois and Iowa in my pickup truck. It was a long trip with many monotonous hours, but I do not regret it. It broke the spell cast by the air-view of the grid system and reminded me that there is still much to be learned at ground level. What goes on within those beautifully abstract rectangles is also worth observing.” 30
Weller, “Between hermeneutics and datascapes,” 18.
31
Corner, “Representation and Landscape,” Word and Image 8/3 (1992), 248.
32
Robin Evans, “Translations from Drawing to Building,” AA Files 12 (1986), 3–18.
33
Corner, “Representation and Landscape,” 244–45.
34
As Corner expresses later in “The Agency of Mapping” in Mappings, ed. Denis Cosgrove (London: Reaktion Books, 1999), 213; Corner, “Representation and Landscape,” 265.
35
Evans, “Translations,” 7.
36
See Ian McHarg, Design with Nature (New York: Natural History Press, 1969) and “Ecological Determinism,” in The Future Environments of North America, ed. John P. Milton (New York: Natural History Press, 1966), 526–38.
37
See Michel de Certeau’s distinction between “strategies” (as top-down) and “tactics” (as subversive; bottom-up) in The Practice of Everyday Life, trans. Steven Rendell (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984), xviii–xix.
38
Corner, “The Agency of Mapping,” 251.
39
Corner, “Discourse on Theory II,” 124.
36
introduction