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The Milton Paper FEBRUARY 24, 2017

VOL. 34, NO. 013

MILTON’S INDEPENDENT WEEKLY STUDENT NEWSPAPER

Why We Should All Read Breitbart

By JACK WEILER From 9:30 PM executive orders, to 2AM tweets, our current president of the United States is undeniably operating unconventionally. Whether or not you agree with the current policies President Trump attempts to enforce, the nature in which these orders and appointments is operating is literally “unpresidented” in American history.

No president has sought out such drastic changes to American democracy right out of the gate, besides maybe James Polk, whose early, bold attempts at American expansion catalyzed uneasy North-South relations. On paper at least, the bizarre operation of this presidency is no alternative fact. The question remains, then: what do we do about it? I say we should all read Breitbart.

For those of you who are unfamiliar, Breitbart is a right-leaning internet news publication. Breitbart has been dubbed by many on the right and left of the political spectrum as alt-right, white-nationalist, and “fake news.”

Why should you read fake news, then?

Well, first of all, it is always important to read a broad range of news, especially in a time of constant newly-produced information and media.

No matter how much you despise the content which Breitbart produces, it is a major source of news for much of the country. It is the 31st most viewed website in the country by its Alexa rank. In order to criticize and stand up against a belief with which you disagree, you must first understand the other opinion.

I know, at least in Massachusetts where not a single county voted Republican in the 2016 election, the other opinion might be hard to come by. So why not read the website that promotes Trump’s agenda with 18-million monthly page views?

Our democratic system, including the president, represents us to the rest of the world and decides on our policies. As much as we would like to deny it, President Trump is our president. We should rightly criticize him, regardless

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Former Headmaster Pieh Knew of Sexual Abuse

By HENRY WESTERMAN The morning of February 21st, 2017, started much like any other Tuesday following a long weekend at Milton Academy: students buzzed in the stands of the ACC about their extra day of relaxation; upperclassmen tinged their comments with contempt for the upcoming US History term paper; faculty chatted at the edges of the gymnasium; class deans scanned the crowds for a last wayward student. Finally, as a quiet rushed over the crowd, Mr. Bland stood at the lectern and began to speak.

As has happened several times in the past several weeks, Mr. Bland opened his remarks with an official written statement, which the school also released via email to all members of our community as he spoke.

In the statement, our Head of School made a shocking revelation: the outside investigation engaged by the administration into sex abuse allegations by former members of the Milton faculty--initiated by a Boston Globe article last May-- revealed four cases of sexual abuse by

former teachers. Though three of the accused remain anonymous, Ray Buono, a faculty member from 1973 to 1987, was found to have abused at least twelve students while working at Milton before admitting to one instance of abuse and being fired. The investigation also concluded that the administration, at the time headed by Headmaster Jerry Pieh, had at least some knowledge of the abuse that was going on, and that they “failed to protect students and failed to investigate whether Rey Buono had abused other students during his tenure at the School.”

After reading much of the official statement and imploring students to read the rest of it in order to better inform themselves, Mr. Bland lowered his glasses and began to speak openly with the community. He stressed how trying times like these are moments for the school to unify and work to protect each other. “We seek to make sure every student feels safe here, and we will continue to do that duty to you all.” He

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Library Borrowing Policy Angers Students

By LINDSEY MUGFORD

As students enrolled in US History courses began the annual research paper, the Milton Academy Library decided to modify its checkout policy in a way that, in the name of fairness, would limit the number of books each student could check out at a given time.

Despite good intentions on the Library’s part, the new policy has proved itself to be wildly unpopular and ineffective in its application.

In previous years, the checkout policy has always been first come, first serve. This system allows students who arrive first to potentially take all books on a given topic, leaving other students researching a similar subject with inadequate resources. “We have so many students who are doing overlapping projects, and we just don’t have enough books to make it fair,” Laura Pearle, Director of Cox Library, said. “Last year, there were a lot of unhappy people doing papers that they didn’t have research for because there was someone who came in before.”

In response to this problem, Cox Library developed a new policy, specifically for the

paper, limiting the number of books one could check out. “To make it fair, we said either the books are on reserve, or you can only borrow two at a time,” Pearle summarized.

This restriction, however, isn’t meant to be universal; theoretically, those with unique topics have unlimited borrowing ability.

“We allow [students with unique topics] to borrow as many books as they need,” Pearle explained. “[The restriction] is just in the very beginning until we see all the classes.”

Despite good intentions on the library’s part, the student response has been overwhelmingly negative. “I don’t think [the

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Inside This Issue MYTH OF SELF

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The Milton Paper The 34th Editorial Board Editors-in-Chief Managing Editor Editor at Large Opinion Manager News Managers Senior Editors A&E Editor Rachel Handler Opinion Editor Gabrielle Fernandopulle

Malcolm McCann and Eli Burnes Letitia Chan Cheyenne Porcher Mateen Tabatabaei Marshall Sloane and Henry Westerman

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Editorial

Preserving Trust On Tuesday, February 21st, Mr. Bland announced that an investigation into allegations of sexual abuse at Milton decades ago had found four perpetrators. After the announcement, students questioned how and if the revelations where relevant to their experience at Milton Academy. Though rules, regulations, and cultural attitudes addressing sexual abuse have changed significantly for the better over the last thirty years in order to prevent abuse, it is unnerving that teachers and administrators so heinously violated the trust of students. In the wake of the sex abuse scandal, Milton’s administration has a duty to take steps to improve trust between students and adults in the community.

Many programs at Milton help foster trust between students and adults. First, Milton’s advising system helps to create bonds between groups of students and adults by forging longterm relationships. Teachers at Milton generally treat students with respect, most often giving extensions fairly, understanding when students cannot complete their assignments, and making an effort to maintain a friendly atmosphere in the classroom.

Teachers often assume the best in their students, and trust them to do optional work. On disciplinary issues, in the classroom, and in everyday school life, students are trusted to be innocent until proven guilty. Most importantly, students, teachers, and administrators all participate in DC committee; this cooperation helps ensure that the DC process includes the perspectives of different groups in our community, creating a foundation of trust in the fairness of the DC process. Further, the fairness of the DC process ensures trust between students and adults in the community more broadly.

Trust between students and adults is necessary because discipline at Milton inevitably relies on the pragmatic judgments of teachers and administrators (even under the DC system where students are involved). Some rules in the student handbook, such as the “in the presence of” clause, the expectation of "positive and cooperative" behavior, or “acts prejudicial to the Academy”, are vague and arbitrary, and hence must be dealt with on a case by case basis. These rules and others, because they are so innocuous or vague, are violated often, sometimes unintentionally. Punishing all violations of these rules would both be impractical and detrimental to the community. Thus, much of the disciplinary process relies on trust in the good judgement of administrators in fairly enforcing the rules and choosing whether to administer discipline.

Though programs in the Milton community help forge this necessary trust between teachers and students, the editorial board believes that certain rules in the student handbook undermine the trust between students and adults that is essential to both the disciplinary process and the culture of our community as a whole.

The use of administrative DCs (DCs on which no students sit) has the potential to undermine trust between students and adults in the community. As mentioned previously, including different student and faculty perspectives in the DC process improves the integrity of the process and strengthens trust between factions in the community. However, when administrators choose to hold DC committees without student input, students lose trust in the CONTINUED ON PAGE 4

News Student Activism

By HENRY BURNES On January 21st, scores of Milton students took to the streets of Boston as part of the Boston Women’s March to advocate for women’s rights and racial, reproductive, and economic justice. 8 days later, Milton students again made their voices heard in Copley Square at an anti-immigration ban protest organized by the Massachusetts branch of the CAIR, a Muslim civil rights organization. At both protests, Milton students grouped together and carried signs to voice their support. In the weeks since the Boston protests, Milton students have grappled with how to bring activism and their passion back to Milton itself.

Following the Women’s March, Olivia Goldenberg (III) sent an email to the upper school encouraging students to contact her in begin Milton-specific student activism. In her email, Olivia stressed that Donald Trump’s federal government could “impact each and every one of us in some way or another,” regardless of background. Students responded to Olivia’s email, and the forming group met at her house to talk. Around 30 students showed up to the meeting, and the group wrote postcards to Elizabeth Warren and Ed Markey, asking them to oppose the nominations of DeVos, Bannon, and Pruitt.

A few days after the meeting, on February 8th, Olivia (III), Juliana Viola (I), and Anooshka Gupta (I) held a phone bank in the student centre, for students to “voice [their] opposition,” on a number of issues to their congressional representation. Only around 10 students showed up to the phone bank, but the group feels that longer notice and planning will encourage more students to get involved. In the future, the group plans to hold more phone banks, and draw a broader base.

In addition to political activism, the group plans to address issues of “racism, sexism, homophobia, intolerance, religious intolerance, transphobia, lack of empathy, cultural appropriation” at Milton. Using social media and email, group members shared a survey in which students can share an experience that they had with those issues at the school.

Yesterday, the group met to plan how to share the stories it received.

This week, the group posted signs in the stu, that held messages of inclusion, equality, and diversity. The posters contained messages ranging from, “Diversity is Beautiful,” and “We the people means all people” to “All oppression is

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connected” and “We will not accept: sexism homophobia racism xenophobia bigotry here” and “Human rights are for all humans.”

Agnieszka Krotzer (I), who helped manage the sign making, recognizes that many “have become almost numb to the signs” because they have become so prolific. Further, she fears that the signs may not be “sparking much meaningful conversation.” Jonah Garnick (II), who supports the messages the signs convey, feels that the signs do not benefit the community, for they result in “a pointless validation of liberal opinions, and an alienation of all opposing perspectives.”

Many of the signs implicitly suggest that racism, sexism, and lack of empathy has root in Milton’s student body, and therefore lead to alienation of the students who feel that they may be the target of those accusations.

But the signs serve an additional purpose. Many were placed in the admissions hallway, around the dean's office, and in front of Mr. Bland’s office, in an attempt to “grab the attention of the administrators.” Agnieszka Krotzer (I) feels that the administration “has not really done nearly as much as they could to respond to current events in a way that makes students feel safe,” and she views the signs as a way to change that. Many students who don’t feel safe in the Milton community because of the Trump administration and issues of empathy and oppression on campus have talked with administrators, including Agnieszka.

The signs that specifically targeted the administration listed areas with which the students felt the administration should take a stance. 34 social and political issues were identified on the signs, with lines that started “support,” “condemn,” “stand with,” “fight,” “encourage,” “oppose,” “criticize,” “reject,” or “promote.” The demands ranged from broad statements of value, such as “stand for all women’s rights” and “reject bigotry” to more specific positions such as “support planned parenthood,” “acknowledge climate change” and “promote intersectional feminism.” In the hallway outside of Mr. Bland’s office, the sign is posted 25 times, along with a larger sign, directly facing Mr. Bland’s office, that wrote “we our administration to.” An additional 11 copies of the signs were posted in the admissions hallway.

Though the Milton administration has not directly addressed all the issues

restriction] is fair,” said Dorsey Glew (II).

“It almost limits research. When I research, and I know a lot of people who do the same thing, I go from book to book.” Alexandra Upton (II) agreed. “You tend to need to go back and reference different parts of the book once you start filling out your outline,” she explained. “You need to have that book in your possession to go back to it, and not run the risk of someone else having checked it out. So it’s very, very helpful to be able to have all of your books in one place and not have to go searching for them in the library.”

In addition to expressing frustration regarding the idea as a whole, some have also found that the “unique topic” exception doesn’t actually exist. Glew, for example, was limited to only two books, despite her unique topic of the causes and problems within the hippie movement. “I know I’m the only one doing [my topic],” Glew argued. “I don’t think it’s fair to have some people limited to two.” Another student with a unique topic remembered asking the librarian, “‘Is there any way that policy could be bent a little bit?’ And she said ‘no’.” However, other students who had unique topics were able to check out several books without restriction.

The new borrowing policy isn’t the Library’s only change currently angering students; the recent removal of many books has made research difficult for many. Addressing this, Pearle insisted the changes were minor. “Very few of [the removed books] were from the history section,” she stressed.

“The books that we have gotten rid of were either falling apart or had never been used”.

Many students have had different experiences, however. “They got rid of many, many, many books,” insisted Upton. “I know lots of people who have [had trouble], because they’re just empty shelves now, especially in the historical section.”

The perception of unfairness has recently manifested itself in a complete disregard for the new rules. “I have like seven books out,” one student admitted. Another student took it even further. “I found 13 books, all of which I really, really needed,” they explained. Upon being told they couldn’t take more than two, they decided to take matters into their own hands. “I was able to fit 10 of the books into my backpack, and I carried the other three out myself, and I didn’t check out any of them!” the student laughed. “And I knew nobody else had my topic, so I felt reasonably okay about that!” Even Pearle admitted the new rule isn’t as effective as she’d hoped. “Unfortunately, we’ve had some kids who haven’t really paid attention to it,” she confessed. “Just this morning I had two kids looking for a book that we’d said was on reserve, and somebody had

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News Editorial CONTINUED FROM PAGE 2

process because they feel as though the student voice was not included in an essential conversation. These DCs often include an air of mystery that further erodes trust in administrators; students usually complain more about these sort of DCs after they are read out to the school, claiming that the administration violated their own rules and didn’t give the student a fair disciplinary process. Though Administrative DCs are necessary in extreme cases, to improve trust between students and adults, they should be used as little as possible.

According to the student handbook, being "in the presence of [major school rule violations]" can result in disciplinary action. For some transgressions, such as substance abuse, being "in the presence of," usually requires active participation by the transgressor; the rule thus is most often applied to punish students found to be present at gatherings where substance abuse occurs, even if they did not actively take part in the use of the substances. However, for several other school rules, such as cheating, lying, non "positive and cooperative" behavior, or destruction of property, being "in the presence of" could occur purely accidentally. In these instances, your knowledge of a transgression means that you may be forced to tell the truth on pain of disciplinary action. There is no "right to silence" explicitly outlined in the handbook, so "in the presence of" can be skewed to punish people for the knowledge acquired through an

uncontrolled or accidental circumstance. Because "in the presence of" can punish students for knowledge or experiences that arise not of their own agency, it is an unjust Orwellian rule. Its existence, and possible implementation, undermines student-adult trust because it is an unjust and absurdly vague rule.

Trust between students and adults is, of course, a two way street. If we expect administrators to administer justice fairly, then we must not violate the trust of the adults in the community. Reducing the amount flagrant violations of school rules, most importantly rules of integrity and honesty, are just as important as the administration taking steps to improve student trust in the discipline process.

In wake of the sex abuse scandal, in which several adults in the community abhorrently violated trust with students, administrators and teachers must work to preserve student trust in the adults in our community. This must include striking the “in the presence of” clause of the rule book and enforcing the rules with fairness, using administrative DCs as sparingly as possible, and continuing to practice absolute transparency. On the flip side, student must also work to ensure trust in their good judgement. The onus is on all members of our community to preserve the bonds of trust that are so integral for our community. •

Due to recent events, SGA has decided to employ a school wide game of Quidditch. Good luck, be safe, and find the snitch!

Sex Abuse Scandal CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 also stressed that the incident might garner media attention, as happened following the 2005 sex scandal, and instructed students to direct all media representatives to the Communications Office instead of engaging with them personally, so as to prevent the spread of misinformation.

Within a few hours of the school’s release of the official statement on the investigation, the Boston Globe, boston.com, and several other news sources published articles on the developing incident. By the evening, an article titled “Ex-teacher molested pupils, Milton Academy reveals” was on the front page and the top of the trending list on the Boston Globe’s website. The Wikipedia page of the school had also been updated to include mention of the incident by the end of the day.

Though the talk on campus was somewhat diverted throughout the day to the topic of the new ‘scandal’, students didn’t seem overly affected by the issue. Some teachers took time in class to openly reflect on the morning’s speech, offering wholehearted apologies on the part of the administration, and asserting that they had no more information than the students on the issue but would gladly offer support however they could. Some students with alumni parents, as well as teachers who had been on campus for many years, admitted to having known Buono during his time at Milton, though none wished to comment on the incident.

Overall, if any sentiment united the community surrounding the Head of School’s latest official statement, it was a sense of gratitude to the administration for completing their investigation in a timely manner and speaking openly with the school, and a wish to put these incidents, which took place more than thirty years ago, behind us. •

Library Policy CONTINUED FROM PAGE 3 walked off with it.” Student frustration has even taken the form of conspiracy theories.

Although many agree that the policy is unfair, they acknowledge the relevance of the idea behind it, albeit poorly executed.

“You don’t want one student checking out and monopolizing all the books on that topic,” Upton admitted. “That would be really detrimental to the other students”.

When asked for a better solution, Upton insisted that it all came down to communication. “It would make a lot of sense for students who happen to have the same topic to figure that out, and meet up and talk,” she said. One thing is clear: despite the Library's good intentions, it’s time to find a new approach. •

Opinion

Myth of the “Self”

By ELI BURNES We live in a society with the myth of the immutable, simple, and righteous self, and it has had disastrous consequences.

Throughout middle school and high school, I have been constantly told to "just be yourself."

In first grade, I wrote an "autobiography," and I drew, photographed, painted, and sculpted at least fifteen self-portraits. The problem with these projects is that the teachers wanted us to figure out who we were, not who we wanted to be. Though these projects may have helped give context for identity, they planted the idea that self actualization was not about deciding who to be, but merely about discovering some “true self” that would be revealed through past action. We are taught that we "like" or "dislike" foods, we are introverted or extroverted, certain things annoy us, certain things make us happy, and we have a unique and unalterable voice in writing. These ideas lead to rigid perceptions of the self that lock us in boxes of moral and political opinions. Friends have told me countless things about themselves that are presented as unchanging truths, such as, "I just get angry when I'm stressed" or "I am mean when tired" followed by, "That's just who I am." The perceived ‘innate’ nature is often used as an excuse. Teachers constantly ask us to write about ourselves, starting surprisingly young, we take personality tests, unquestioningly assume the political and spiritual beliefs of our parents, and listen to music and read as if on an inner journey to a destination that already exists. The Western conception of the self implies that there is an unchanging soul inside of us that is hard to access, and this belief is ultimately limiting because it lacks spontaneity and agency.

Our motto, "Dare to be True" is often interpreted as "be yourself." This narrative reaffirms the flawed notion of "true" self, and, subsequently, we are so weak to the pressures of stress, prejudice, and expectations that we conceal this "true" self to the extent that we need a constant reminder. In some instances people cannot self-actualize because of intense and discriminatory pressure from society, homophobia for example inhibits expression, but most people succumb to the fairy tale narrative of searching for the courage to “be yourself” even though they don’t need courage. You are yourself in everything you do, and searches for the "inner self" obfuscate the reality that humans are messy and complicated. “Dare to be True” assumes that we are often not our true self, but this is inherently a paradox. We should not reduce our being into a deeper essential identity. This notion is not only ludicrous because this essential self does not exist, but also because our identity is molded by and exists in our ever-shifting cultural context. “Dare to be True” doesn’t make sense because what we should be “true” to is affected by arbitrary and

fluid external contexts that shape our identity.

The cultural notion of the “true” self suggests that the expanding of our identity and sense of self is bold, but also easy, natural, and inherently driven by introspection--as if the “self” was present since birth--discounting the sacredness of daily interaction (it is in these moments that we define who we want to be), the importance of being present, and the necessity of experimentation with how we behave.

The rigid western self has led many to attribute irrational and unhelpful emotions and tendencies to their core identity, and hence deem them "right." Race, gender identity, sexual preference, and many other traits are central to our identity and are thus deemed to be uncriticizable, and rightly so.

However, this circle of uncriticizable identity has expanded to include religion, personal philosophy, and even feelings and emotions. I have heard many people claim "you can’t say that someone’s feelings are wrong," but some feelings can in fact be objectively irrational and unjustified. For some people, even if they understand the irrationality of their feelings, they often pass it off as "that's just who I am."

Though in issues of identity and oppression, critiquing how someone feels can be condescending and disrespectful, we can still have conversations about whether we should feel certain emotions. Feeling fearful and antagonistic when talking about legal immigration is a wrong feeling. Doubting climate change is wrong again. No person should have a feeling that is morally or rationally dishonest and then passively attribute it to “who they are” without fixing their emotional response. Through reflection and deliberate action, we can fine tune our emotional responses to become better people. The cultural notion has gone to such an extreme that we are scapegoating the mystical pearl inside of us that is our “true self” for poor actions.

Our identity and conception of the "self" change significantly over time. However, this is not a slow progression towards discovery of who we "truly" are. Our "selves" exist only in the decisions of reality, and notions that we are on a path to a predefined self ignore the nature of this change. We do not discover who we are, we choose who we are, in each and every interaction. This process does not consist of searching through internal layers of concealment to find an unchanging soul; it consists of outwardly engaging with the world, putting your beliefs into practice, and treating every human interaction as sacred. The most dangerous effect of the “true self” idea is that we become passive, waiting for a mystical presence to tell us who we truly are, and that we forgo individual responsibility, endlessly blaming our “true” self when, in actuality, we have the agency to change. •

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Read Breitbart CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 of whether we agree or disagree with his policies, not only because he is operating so abnormally, but also because we should always hold the president to a high standard. In order to criticize him, though, we have to gain insight into how he operates.

To educate yourself, look at who surrounds the President. One of the President’s biggest influences, chief strategist Stephen Bannon, was the executive chairman of Breitbart before joining the President’s staff, and since he advised and controlled Trump’s campaign, Breitbart indirectly controls Trump’s agenda.

We should read Breitbart not only because of Stephen Bannon’s relationship to Trump, but also because of Stephen Bannon himself. Bannon was appointed by Trump to the National Security Council, which, as it sounds, controls our national security -- both foreign and domestic. The appointment of Bannon to the council is entirely out of place in comparison to the past structure of the council. The council has historically aimed to be free of politics, and understandably so. The safety of the American people shouldn’t be treated as a partisan issue. The appointment of Bannon undermines that principle, though. Undeniably, he is a figure with the interests of the President in mind, who is not confirmed by the Senate, and whose motives are self-proclaimed as marked by the alt-right. Regardless of your opinion of Bannon, these personal and positional aspects of his identity cannot be ignored because your safety as an American quite literally lies with him. You are not in a position to do anything about this appointment, but what you can and should do is learn about the person in charge of you and your family’s safety.

If you are a diehard Democrat, I understand that you might not even feel comfortable finishing a single Breitbart article. Similarly, if you are a die-hard conservative, I understand if it is gut-wrenching for you to have to read the Huffington Post. However, we must go beyond understanding current events and further understand forces behind that change, behind the power in our government. Enter the mind of the current administration and read Breitbart. •

Opinion

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Chicago Torture Case

By NIHAL RAMAN In early January 2017, every major news source described a horrifying story in which an 18-year-old man was held against his will, tied up, and tortured for multiple hours by four other young people.

The police found the young man beaten up and disoriented in a suburb of his native Chicago. However, the story didn’t make headlines exclusively because of what the attackers did. Rather, it incited a debate because of how the attackers went about committing their crimes. While streaming the torture on Facebook Live, the captors, who are black, were recorded saying racially charged statements, the most notable being “F**k white people, boy!” Those words sparked an outcry that escalated when a Chicago police representative refused to immediately classify the case as a racial hate crime. Seemingly most everyone, from CNN panelists to Milton Academy students, had an opinion on the story, but people failed to recognize another hateful aspect in the story: the young man who was tortured was mentally disabled.

Granted, the case does have serious racial implications, and the racist motivation in the attack is appalling. However, the fact that the attackers chose to torture a mentally handicapped person makes the story especially disturbing.

On December 31st, 2016, the victim’s parents dropped him off at a local McDonald's with the intention for him to spend time with one of his friends. Here’s where the story gets disturbing. The victim genuinely believed that one of his assailants was a friend from high school. Given that the horrific actions this so-called “friend” did to the victim were surely premeditated, the attacker must have manipulated this mentally disabled individual, who had both schizophrenia and ADHD, into a false sense of friendship. This exploitation is sickening. My younger sister has serious physical disabilities, although she is cognitively on par with other kids of her age.

The thought of somebody taking advantage of her in this awful way terrifies me, and it should scare you, too. In fact, given the 2010 census which reported that 19% of Americans have some sort of disability— half of those disabilities being classified as severe—many of you probably know someone who could be manipulated in this way because of their disability.

After the victim met up with the attacker, the victim was taken to the house that two of his attackers, Tanishia and Brittany Covington, shared. There, the victim

was tied up for around five hours. The attackers streamed half an hour of the torture on Facebook Live. The stream involved events such as the attackers beating the victim and threatening to kill him. During this stream, the attackers said their famous line, “F**k white people.” Well after the Facebook Live stream, police found the victim bloodied, beaten, and confused on a Chicago street. The fact that, even after being tied up and tortured for a long period of time, the victim couldn’t even explain to police officers what had happened to him shows the malignance in the crime. The attackers preyed on a person whose disabilities led to his trusting them so much that he essentially allowed for his own torture.

The fact that the attackers took advantage of a disabled person is clear, yet much of the media attention the story received seemed to diminish the role of disability-driven hate in the case. A USA Today article published the day after the event starts so, “Four young African-Americans were charged with hate crimes and other felonies in Chicago on Thursday for allegedly tying up, beating and torturing a white acquaintance.” Only after it makes this statement does the article mention that the victim has special needs. Similarly, a National Review article on the case starts with, “A young white man is bound and gagged on the floor, huddled in a corner.

A group of black men and women beat him, kick him, and cut his hair until his scalp bleeds.” Both of these articles fail to emphasize the fact that the victim has disabilities; instead they make the story purely about race.

Some articles on the Chicago torture case did discuss the victim’s special needs extensively. However, these articles tended to downplay the story’s racial components to an extreme extent. For example, The Huffington Post’s piece on the case doesn’t mention either the victim’s or the perpetrator's’ race until the third paragraph, and beyond mentioning race, the article doesn’t go into any depth with the issue. Articles like this—while they do acknowledge the disability-based discrimination in the case—seem to purposely avoid mentioning race. The fact that media sources evade a conversation about race also shows the prevalence of race in people’s minds, as these sources seem to go out of their way to avoid engaging in a conversation about whether or not the attackers’ motivations were racist. Because these sources failed to balance the two dominant discriminatory elements in the story, race and disability,

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Student Activsm CONTINUED FROM PAGE 3 that the signs highlight, the values that Mr. Bland reaffirmed in his address two weeks ago suggest support for many of the topics. A commitment towards inclusion, diversity and equality necessary leads to support for many of the statements the sign provides. An administration that supports diversity and inclusion implicitly “rejects bigotry” and “opposes racism.” Activists, overly consumed with intersectionality, want more specific statements from the administration.

If those positions are implied by Milton’s institutional values, what, if any obligation does it have to state those positions? On the other side of the equation, what does Milton have to lose by taking firmer, and more specific, stances? Caleb Rhodes (I), feels that there is a difference between the clear cut issues of diversity, sexism, racism and inclusion, and nuanced political issues that the administration should not take a stance on.

When it takes stances on hyper-specific political issues, the administration essentially bars disagreement, and categorizes opposing beliefs as incorrect. Harder, more specific stances on Trump-issues risk alienating individuals who support those policies, rather than drawing them into a dialogue. But, regardless of administration action, cross-aisle political dialogue at Milton rarely occurs. Most friend groups share similar political views, and when they don’t, politics aren’t discussed regularly. Milton does not have spaces for that dialogue to occur.

One idea of the activist group is to reach out to administrators and deans and request a period in assemblies during which students are broken into small groups to discuss current event issues. However, this initiative overlooks how divided Milton’s campus has become. Students from both sides of the political spectrum feel unsafe, and groups approach confrontation with a desire to convince the other of their own group’s rightness, rather than with a desire to understand and convince.

For this cultural shift to occur on Milton’s campus, disagreeing individuals must come together and discuss their opinions with open minds. Milton’s administration can not actively facilitate this shift, for if it attempts to, it risks pushing both sides further apart. Milton must reaffirm its institutional values, stand against racism, oppression, and sexism, but stay out of politics. The burden for increasing empathy and understanding falls squarely on the shoulders of the student body. •

Opinion Chicago Torture CONTINUED FROM PAGE 6 much of the response to this portrayal of the case was focused on why the sources didn’t discuss race. Therefore, in evading a race-based conversation, media sources like The Huffington Post distracted readers’ focus away from the manipulation of a disabled person and led people to think only about the case’s potentially racist qualities.

The fact that many news stories failed to give the story’s disability aspect the attention it deserves highlights a pervasive theme in our society: certain issues, race being one, are so prominent that they tend to cloud people’s views on other issues.

While this story’s racial components deserve attention, the clear anti-disability component of the story should not be neglected, either. Extremely prevalent issues such as race and gender are so widespread in the media and in people’s minds that these predispositions can prevent people from seeing a story for what it really is.

This effect can lead people to, when they see a new case or story, to focus only on the common, prominent theme that they’ve heard about many times. So, this terrible case’s probable racial motivations should not stop people from seeing that the story was an atrocious violation of a disabled man’s rights. •

PSA: You cannot park the wrong way on a two way street.

PAGE 7

Romanticizing Sad Girls

By LETITIA CHAN In the seventh grade, one of my best friends began to cut herself and post pictures of her cutting with captions. Her friends, me included, would confiscate the razors, cutters, even bloodied rulers in an effort to save her from self harm, but in honest reflection the attempts were futile and my memory of them hazy. I remember clearly, however, thinking that she wanted somebody to listen to her, yet despite our presence, she never opened up to her friends in a way that could have helped her recover, even as we prodded. I still am unsure whether it was desire for eyes and ears, or a real dark biting sadness that was incommunicable—did she really want to kill herself? Or did she just really want to be seen? Social media like Tumblr and Instagram are hubs for the glorification of teenage girl depression, most elevated when it takes the form of a conventionally beautiful skinny girl with long hair. There is something incredibly enticing and repulsive about her tears, wrists, the sad girl.

The sad girl image invalidates the feelings of women. In other words, by validating the emotions of only the alluring conventionally beautiful girl, we invalidate the emotions of every person who identifies as female, including this sad girl herself, because we paint her into a concept, a pretty picture. Romanticizing sadness in women who fit the aesthetic of depression is not complimentary. It is destructive to every type of body that exists. In poetry it is hard not to laud and romanticize our sadness. It is even harder for it not to be gendered, for your perception of it not to be warped by the fact that it came from a woman’s mind.

Emotion engenders poetry writing. Sadness does not entail depression, and even when it does, it should not be stripped of its authenticity. I hate young adult novels that romanticize depression, or anything that does, movies, poems, spoken word, because the work tends to be clichéd and melodramatic and an inauthentic representation of mental illness. Poets like Anne Sexton and Sylvia Plath, known foremost for being female poets, were undeniably plagued with great amounts of sadness. Both suffered from mental illness and famously committed suicide. Yet we do not often think of them as victim-writers of melodramatic sad girl poetry, perhaps because their high place in literature undermines the possibility of that danger, despite titles like Sexton’s “Wanting to Die”.

Even as I love Plath and Sexton, I can’t help but feel the limits of being gendered.

You feel trapped from playing part to a role

that boxes you in. Even in the opposite of loneliness or sadness, Plath in her joyous moments is still irrefutably female. Would she be as revered if she were not so feminine? Unconsciously I read works differently when I have the gender of the author in mind. I keep in the back of my head if the poet is a gay man, or if they are someone who mostly feels untied to any gender but is perceived to be a cis-woman, and my perception of their words is changed. I do not want to have to consider the face of my happiness and my sadness. Even as I worship Sylvia Plath, I can’t love her without asking why sad women are romanticized, and what it means to love the work they produce and to find some truth in it.

I feel caught. Recently I have been reading Milan Kundera, and the objectification of women in his writing has passed through my mind, though mostly I dismiss it, maybe wrongly—I am enraptured by his writing and therefore forgiving of it. Perhaps I am pardoning him because I too could write this voyeuristically about the male body, or the female body, if I chose to. But people are not the sum of their bodies, so female poets should not be sums of their identities as women.

The surge in popularity of “psychological thrillers” like Gone Girl and The Girl on the Train reflects the fascination of women, not just teenage girls but adult women, as well as non-women, surrounding the idea of sad “crazy” females who devise passionately fatal plots against their unfaithful male lovers—yet these female protagonists are grown women, not girls as the titles suggest.

There has been much conflict and discussion over whether these stories are feminist or misogynistic. The woman can frame her husband for her own murder as revenge and be depicted as a “girl”, whereas if there was a novel about a man who plotted this against his cheating wife, this male character would not be nearly as embraced. I fear books like these are about the most fascinating and fetishized, marketable form that feminism can take in the subject of romantic relationships, at which point they become antifeminist.

When I read Gone Girl three years ago, I got thrills. But at the same time that I was believing it I was also sickened by the illusion plastered over the perfect white woman protagonist, Amy, who was a girl or a woman depending on which term was most useful to her. It feels conflicting to me, that feminist and self-loving women, with marriages and children, could write books

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Opinion

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New Wave of Antisemitism in the United States

Protest against the Gaza War, 2009

By JONAH GARNICK With jews holding many prominent positions in many renowned American institutions, many assume that antisemitism is a thing of the past. No longer are the wholly unfounded canards that used to plague Europe and the US as pervasive as they used to be. Sure, we see incidents like attendees of a Richard Spencer arms raised in a Nazi salute, chanting “Hail Trump, hail our people.” Still, in the United States, this brand of antisemitism is now a rarity anywhere outside the extreme, or “alt,” right. It is horribly mistaken, however, to say that antisemitism is gone. We are not seeing anti-semitism’s ultimate destruction; we are seeing its inevitable evolution. We are seeing anti semitism veiled by anti zionism. Old canards with new twists.

I think it’s important to note that I’m not claiming, as some certainly do, that all criticisms of Israel are anti-semitic. This position is untenable, and illogical. I think that criticisms of state actors, certainly of israel, are reasonable, and often perfectly legitimate.

But, Israel is held to standards no other nation is held to. The treatment of Israel by the United Nations is a notable example. The UN Human Rights Council, whose members (of course) include Saudi Arabia, China, Russia, Cuba, has issued to Israel more human rights violations than any other nation on earth. Given, Israel’s treatment of the palestinians is very poor, but this is nonsense. Even former UN Secretary General Ban Ki Moon said israel has received a “disproportionate volume of resolutions, reports and conferences.”

Or consider how the Goldstone Report,

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the mission to determine the validity of war crime claims during the 2009 Gaza war, initially claimed that israel had deliberately targeted palestinian civilians. But, a mere two years later, after criticisms about the methodology of the report, Richard Goldstone, the lead investigator, retracted these claims. In fact, as author and retired british army officer Richard Kemp stated during a UN testimony, “the Israeli Defence Forces did more to safeguard the rights of civilians in a combat zone than any other army in the history of warfare.”

Beyond these double standards, we are seeing anti-zionism being used as a justification for blatant anti-semitism and the repurposing of ancient anti-semitic myths, most notably on college campuses. Jewish students are not only assumed to agree with but also blamed for every action the Israeli government has every taken. And as a result, according to the a report from the Amcha Initiative, jewish students have reportedly been “rejected from progressive social justice activities such as pro-choice rallies, anti-rape demonstrations, Black Lives Matter events and racial justice conferences” because of their presumed support for Israel. I mean, picture the reaction of liberals had a muslim student been excluded from a progressive rally because of her presumed support for the egregious human rights violations of the Saudi Arabian or Indonesian human rights violations. I imagine it would be a little different Consider how last year on the UC Berkeley campus, a student wrote in a bathroom stall “Zionists should be sent to

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Sad Girls CONTINUED FROM PAGE 7 like this that attract women everywhere and of all ages, and not realize what they were saying about themselves.

At what point does sadness turn from magnetic to pitiful? Why is it that I adore my suicidal renowned poets and cringe at milk and honey, the only poetry book to make bestsellers now in American bookstores? Perhaps if sad posts and poetry are self-saving, if they make us feel seen, that should be enough. Relief, shame, glorification and all. Jenny Zhang in her essay “How It Feels” writes, “darkness is acceptable and even attractive so long as there is a threshold that is not crossed.” Because she risks sounding like a crazy woman while pointing out the unfairness in being called that, her writing allows for her rawness, which is captivating. Yet even Zhang, unafraid to be grossly explicit in her descriptions of depression and being female and fetishized, by fitting into the image of a conventionally attractive woman despite drawing attention to its problem, doesn’t have a definite answer either.

I never want my writing to be distorted by what I look like, if I am male or female, if I am depressed or free of its stigma, if I am white or otherwise. And what of the depression of men or people of color or gay people? Are people’s poetry or immoral acts or cries permitted only when they are hiding behind false and glittering surfaces, which are not, really, what being human looks like?

More and more, I have been drawn to odes. Yet despite the power of odes written by female poets, the woman who is not sad is still so close to being the sad girl, invalidated because the performance of her emotion is seen as a sign of weakness, the fault of the female gender. As Ada Limón, one of my favorite poets, pointed out, people might diminish the talent of women poets if they are just writing about their feelings, whereas straight men are applauded for such an achievement. I hate when strength is a sham and can look only like Gone Girl, or even Sharon Olds’ “Ode to the Hymen”, which derives so much of its power from the relative hush around a topic such as hymens, a “feminism” that should not really have to be deemed as such. I wonder if female strength would still look like strength when stripped of its feminine element, while its male counterpart is assumed and default for its masculinity.

Let’s not love when we are revered for being sad or crazy because we are female.

If romanticization of female revenge, depicted as childlike and mentally unstable, should be mistaken for feminism, I refute it. If sadness should be realized at all, let us sing to one another’s sadnesses regardless of our bodies and their appearances. •

We need more Teachers of Color

By NATASHA ROY Schools across the country, including Milton, are slowly growing more inclusive and diverse.

The percentages of students of color in high schools and universities rise as people of color continue to shatter glass ceilings. Yet, as people of color gain educational opportunities, a lack of diversity amongst teaching faculty prevails.

A 2012 NCES analysis reveals that, while students of color make up over 45% of the PK-12 population, teachers of color comprise only a meager 17.5% of the educator workforce.

Why are we, a generation of racially and ethnically diverse students, exposed to mostly white educators and role models? As we continue to form our ideologies and perspectives, our classroom discussions and interactions continue to be led largely by white adult voices. In fact, when, for this very article, I sought out to gather Milton students’ experiences with faculty of color, I repeatedly found myself unable to even ask my first question as so many people had never had a single a teacher of color in their Milton careers. Every young student, regardless of their race, deserves to have a multitude of diverse adult voices in their lives.

For one, future generations simply cannot continue to grow up surrounded by mostly white role models, if our society ever hopes to shed its toxic narrative that being accomplished and being white are intrinsically linked.

Students of color who face unique identity struggles require adult guidance and understanding in their complex lives: a role that only teachers of color can truly fill. To break away from our prep-school bubble, I ventured to the Taylor Elementary School, a public school in Dorchester, to interview Ms. Simmonds, a Haitian-American 2nd grade teacher. “If [teachers are] going to be servicing these kids”, she remarks, “we [as teachers] need to make sure that we are culturally aware of what they’re going through and their background information, that’s basic to me”.

Teachers of color also bring to the (harkness) table unique perspectives and experiences, capable of shaping and even transforming students’ worldviews and understandings of themselves and their peers. When you’re a person of color, issues pertaining to race, inclusion and discrimination entwine themselves in every fiber of your being: you push those around you to have difficult conversations about these themes because you yourself are constantly enshrouded by them. Conversations about race feel not like a conscious effort, but more just a part and parcel of your own life.

Ms. Simmonds, herself, thinks “it feels more organic when like, it is coming from people of color, in [her] personal opinion.” Teachers of

PAGE 9 Opinion The Deadly Cure: The Lure of Genetics

By SERENA FERNANDOPULLE Imagine a world with blue bunnies hopping everywhere. Disease isn’t even a word because it doesn’t exist. Parents hand pick what they want their child to look like. This world is the possible near future for the human race. Sounds inviting, doesn’t it? However, this dystopia would be flawed by the violation of ethics and our push against nature. The field of genetics is complicated, and I don’t pretend to understand even a fraction of its complexity.

However, it raises some interesting philosophical questions that anyone can understand and ponder.

One of the debates in the genetics world is whether it is ethical to raise animals to grow human organs. Scientists now can grow ears on mice, human eyes in pigs, and maybe even hearts for humans in other livestock. As we are creating more technology that makes driving and other dangerous activities safer, our transplant organ supply from organ donor accidents is decreasing. Thus, growing animals for organs doesn’t seem too unethical. We raise animals to kill them for meat as well, so how is raising them for organs any different? In a matter of speaking, growing them for organs may seem better because it will save human lives, not just satiate them. However, I believe that all life is important. I hate animal cruelty. Humans use their power to abuse and exploit animals. Genetically modifying an animal is not natural. Injecting human DNA in order to make a pig have human eyes so that we can harvest them is simply sick. It is against the order of the universe, and the more we tamper with the changing of our DNA or who we are, the more at risk we are of losing our personhood.

Personhood is what defines who we are. Without it, we are objects. If we were to start splicing up our genes, say to make the perfect human, we would be altering nature and thereby altering our personhood. Our children would no longer be products of their parents, but products

of deliberate character selections. Our identities would become lost in the shuffle.

What makes the earth and humanity so charming and resilient is our uniqueness in personhood. If we continue allowing gene splicing, our future will become disconnected with our nature, and the human race could drastically change. In theory, no one would become diseased. However, like Elizabeth Kubler-Ross said, “there is no pleasure without pain.” We will become so accustomed to the comfort of not having pain that we will be unable to feel other, amazing, human emotions such as joy. A future free from disease and pain is not worth all the happiness the world can offer.

The idea of the “perfect human” will undoubtedly be discussed during this time, for gene splicing could allow for us to change our attributes. We could make ourselves taller, smarter, and faster by changing our genes. Going down this road is dangerous, as history has taught us. The search for the perfect human will not end well. Part of the human condition is that we are flawed, and if we could take that away by altering genes, we wouldn’t be humans anymore. Also, we would shun those who could not get gene splicing because they may not be as advanced as others. We may start to discriminate against each other, for the rich would be able to have genetically enhanced children while others would not be able to afford it. This would create an inequality never seen before, a physical inequality which would most likely turn social.

Even though genetic innovations have the potential to save so many lives, this is a dangerous field that could result in the end of the human race as we know it. Gene splicing will dehumanize us if not used with caution, and may cause us to treat animals unethically. I fear that we will become entranced by the good side of genetics that we will conveniently ignore the possible consequences. Everyone should take some time to think about the questions that the field of genetics poses to humanity, because soon, you may need answers. •

SNAKESZN

Arts & Enterainment

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Netflix Announcement for “Dear White People” Incites Boycott

6 Important Lessons to Learn from “Bounce Back” by Big Sean

By LIZ FOSTER AND MADISON LYNCH

By ZOE CAMAYA

By February 8th, 2017, a 34-second video had garnered nearly 4 million views, 46 thousand likes, and 368 thousand dislikes, and, more importantly, the attention of the nation. So what’s the content of this 34-second video?

It’s an announcement for a new Netflix series directed by Justin Simien titled “Dear White People.” The series’ description on IMDB states: “At a predominantly white Ivy League college, a diverse group of students navigate various forms of racial and other types of discrimination.”

Playing over the video is the voice of a college radio host, Samantha White.

White’s monologue is as follows: “Dear White People, here is a list of acceptable Halloween costumes: Pirate, Slutty Nurse, any of our first forty-three presidents. Top of the list of unacceptable costumes, me.”

I encourage you to watch the trailer yourself, but let me give you a breakdown of the video. Accompanying White’s voice over is a video which switches between frames featuring a range of white people and White as she speaks. Between the frames, the words, “America needs a voice of reason” are displayed. Following White’s statement are two pictures: one of college students in blackface and another of a group of black students disturbing a party by removing people’s dread lock wigs and knocking over speakers.

The announcement has prompted responses ranging from elation to disgust.

The most striking response was the rallying of Twitter users to boycott Netflix as a response to the its backing of Simien’s series. Several publicized the cancellation of their Netflix accounts

with a screenshot and messages such as the following: “It was sad to cancel my 14 year old #Netflix subscription. I really liked @netflix but #DearWhitePeople is too much. Get your act together” - @ apurposefulwife “Promote racism and white genocide & you get dropped. #dearwhitepeople #nonetflix #boycottNetflix #alllivesmatter” - @ktrav123 “Dear White People has over 241,000 dislikes. Hey @netflix didn't you get the memo? Racism isn't cool! #CancelNetflix” - @proudwednesday Many of those in support of the show responded to the boycotters with messages of confusion as to what made the trailer so racist. User @jasreetk25 said, “‘Anti white racism’ -- so to clarify, it's racist to call racists out on their racist actions?” Another user @xoxoxMinnie stated, “Dear White People, Just because it offends you, doesn't mean it's racist. Sincerely, The Actually Oppressed.”

Critics of the trailer expressed their opinions through Youtube videos as well. The channel Red Pill Philosophy released a response to the announcement. Content creator Chris Delamo encourages the viewers to watch the trailer so that they can add to the conversation. Additionally, Delamo encourages viewers to dislike the video as well “let Netflix know that allowing this show on their platform is racist, it’s racist, and oh yeah it’s f***ing racist.”

Delamo moves on and, while talking

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1: “Last night took an L, but tonight I bounce back.” You can take an L, but you can also bounce back. Big Sean illustrates this notion as he chimes this iconic line in his latest single. He emphasizes the importance of not giving up; even when things are going wrong, you can change the course to ultimately benefit you. Change yourself, change your goals, and adapt. Dealing with failure is the most important lesson one can learn, and Big Sean knows it. Being successful doesn’t come easily, and many of us have to take “L’s” in order to appreciate the better things in life.

2: “Don’t owe nobody, owe nobody.” No matter what, Big Sean is able to overcome obstacles with little to no assistance. Challenging situations create a need for external support, but true strength comes from within. Big Sean never holds anyone accountable but himself.

In a world of debt, Big Sean finds freedom in self-reliance.

3: “I woke up in beast mode.” Give it all 100. Big Sean clearly displays that you should not give up. Tackle the day with your best attitude—attitude is everything, and if you think that something is going to go poorly, it probably will. On the other hand, if you assume everything is going to go your way, or that you’ll be able to handle whatever life throws your way, you’ll be able to succeed. Big Sean is encouraging us to be in beast mode” constantly, as this mindset will ultimately lead us to victory. Always put your best foot forward.

4: “Always on the f*ckin’ job, I got no hobbies.” Big Sean will grind it out no matter what. He doesn’t do things for fun--instead, he is deliberate and smart with every decision made. Work hard, play hard? No. Work hard, then work harder. All work and no play makes Sean a smart man.

5: “Everything I do is righteous.” Righteous is defined as “morally justifiable” or “virtuous.” Big Sean knows that everything he does is morally okay, he doesn’t intend to sin or hurt anyone. Similarly to the Ten Commandments, this lyric encourages us to always act properly, never giving way to immoral thoughts.

6: “If you a real one, then you know how to bounce back.” Don’t be fake. Big Sean defines himself as real, but also encourages wethepeople, to be real. If you’re not real, you’re unable to bounce back from negative situations as your fakeness prevents you from being able to grow as a person. •

Catch the One-Acts This Week

Arts & Enterainment

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13TH Movie Review

By OLIVIA ZHONG The work of a handful of Milton actors and directors culminates this week in the performance of the one-acts.

As described by Alex Chen (II), “Oneacts are short plays. The one-acts are basically completely student run, from the student director to the student cast.”

Henry Claudy (I) and Dorsey Glew (II) are also directing one-acts. Dorsey notes, “There's no intermission. Usually, this means they're a lot shorter than regular plays. For example, the longest one act we have this year is 40 minutes.”

Alex is directing “English Made Simple,” starring Zack Herman (I), Max Hui (II), and Kuukua Damptey (III). This comedy chronicles the interactions of two people who meet at a party long after a failed relationship. Alex finds that “what's really interesting about the play is that a third character…basically analyzes and explains the couple's meeting in an instructional video sort of way.” Alex shared that the audience can expect both funny and thoughtful moments in this one-act.

Dorsey is directing “Yesterday” by Colin Campbell Clements. She describes it as “cute and a little bit cheesy, and hopefully a little funny. It's about what happens about forty years after a missed connection.”

Alex mentions that rehearsals have been going well, and that his favorite part of this experience has been “getting to know [his] wonderful cast and understanding what goes on when trying to plan a show.” He looks forward to seeing the final result of their weeks of preparation.

Dorsey shared that her favorite of the one acts is their relaxed atmosphere. “The regular plays are super fun,” she says, “but they're a bit more stressful -- it's just a different experience.” She also enjoys getting to “sort of ‘DIY’ a play.” While she’s frequently acted in shows, she’s really enjoyed getting to work on the production aspects of the show like sound and movement. Dorsey expressed that “a lot of creativity and work and fun…goes into making them.

One-acts are a great opportunity for students to explore both directing and acting in a more flexible, small-scale structure while producing entertaining plays for audiences to enjoy and appreciate. The oneacts opened last night in the studio theater in Kellner, and they continue tonight at at 7:30 and tomorrow at 7:00. •

13TH Film Art

By PIERCE WILSON Last Saturday, for movie night, ONYX sponsored a screening of Ava DuVernay’s 2016 documentary, 13TH. The film follows a timeline from the time the 13th Amendment was ratified up until the 2016 presidential election. Furthermore, it examines how policy makers and a strategic loophole in the 13th Amendment make way for a new form of slavery: our prison systems. The film also takes a critical look at all perspectives on the issue, both liberal and conservative, and emphasises how institutional racism is not an issue of political ideology, but rather one of humanity.

13TH opens by examining the prose of the 13th Amendment, which freed all enslaved people. However, the crash of slavery destroyed Southern economy. And so, the loophole “except for as punishment for crime,” allowed for the ‘re-enslavement’ of former slaves and their descendents. From there, blacks were arrested for extremely minor crimes, and stereotyped as criminals. Many current stereotypes about people of color, blacks especially, began to form around this time.

Early films like The Birth of A Nation and minstrel shows caricatured and animalized blacks in America. Throughout the Jim Crow era, the media portrayed civil rights leaders and their selfless actions as criminal. Especially when politicians noticed the rising crime rates, it was easy for them to claim that integration would lead to a crime filled nation, notes Michelle Alexander, the author of A New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration In The Era Of Color-Blindness. The 1970’s saw the begin of mass incarceration. Things

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that should have been health issues, like substance addiction, began to be seen as criminal issues. John Ehrlichman, one of President Nixon’s advisors even admitted that the Nixon administration wanted to incite an association between black people and heroin. By the 1980’s, the “war on drugs” emerged in the United States.

Many experts in the film explained that this “war on drugs” was really more of “war on communities of color.” This all gave way to the growth of the private prison industry, which allowed people to profit from incarceration.

13TH is documentarian Ava DuVernay’s fourth documentary. In an interview with Oprah Winfrey, DuVernay shared that, shared that she felt compelled to share this story with the world, mainly because mass incarceration, and the school-to-prison pipeline have been present throughout her entire life. DuVernay continued that, in order to truly examine mass incarceration, she needed to examine the past, so viewers could understand how we ended up at this point, and understand the cyclical nature of systems of oppression.

One of the films many highlights, was the diverse cast of interviewees: experts such as Angela Davis and Michelle Alexander, as well as politicians Newt Gingrich and Charlie Rangel. DuVernay herself interviewed each and every person for two hours. DuVernay made sure not interview from just one side of the political spectrum; some 40% of those interviewed, were conservative. Although she didn’t see eye-to-eye with all of those interviewed, she was able to secure

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Arts & Enterainment Netflix CONTINUED FROM PAGE 10

Artist of the Week: Madison Lynch

about “Dear White People,” says, “[Racism against white people] is glorified in stupid corporate concoctions like these that glorify black racism against white people.

So white people can’t do anything right, and as long as you’re not white everything is okay.” Delamo also says, “This ‘Dear White People’ thing… is just more silly bulls***. It infantilizes black people by spoonfeeding them this feel-good bulls***.” Delamo concludes the video by stating that black women need space to vent and express their jealousy of white women. He describes the Black Lives Matter movement as a group of angry black women who send their “black knights” to do their work for them, and he insists that this new series is pandering to them.

After several hateful responses, including many users calling the director a “n*****,” Simien responded to the range of responses via a post on the news website Medium on February 11th, three days after the Netflix

By HANNAH HACHAMOVITCH announcement was posted. Simien began his post by detailing the immediate responses to his 2014 movie of After finishing up Advanced Drawing, Madison is just beginning the same name. At the screenings for the movie, Simien Advanced Painting with Mr. Torney. She is currently working on crewas faced with questions from black and white viewers ating three separate paintings, one with cool tones, one with neutral alike. Simiens noted a middle aged white woman who tones, and one with warm tones. Her favorite medium is charcoal bereally wasn’t sure what to expect from the movie based cause she finds the texture unique and compelling, and she feels most on the title, but left the movie happy. While talking with confident when working with it. While she enjoys still-life drawing, this woman, Simien detailed that he “had already shifted Madison prefers creating portraits. Of her work this year, she is most to auto-pilot, now totally obsessing about hypothetical proud of her drawing of an old man (above). She tries to find time for audience members whose assumptions about the film drawing and painting outside of class, but she relies mostly on class would keep them from the theaters because of the title.” time to work on her pieces due to her busy schedule. When asked Simiens later reveals that the name for the film, and later whether art will be a part of her future, she responded, “Hopefully! I the series, was inspired by a message citing white people have absolutely no idea what my future entails, but I hope that art will for ruining Beyonce’s Single Ladies dance, a message somehow be a part of it.” • he received from a close friend, who Simien points out is white. After exchanging a few of these “Dear White America” jokes, Simien thought the phrase would be useful as the name of a radio show hosted by a character in one the only member of the production team to be targeted, Simiens of his scripts. This script, called 2%, would later become “Dear states in his Medium post that one of the writers of the show White People.” Simien explains that he wanted “to comment on tweeted his excitement for the release of the show and “was race from differing points of views within a small black com- slammed with hateful comments, death threats, and anti-semitic munity embedded in an overwhelmingly white one…A way jokes (he’s not jewish).” Simien also states, “A sarcastic tweet to comment on the ‘black experience’ as I knew it to be, but from election day that simply stated ‘F**k white people’ as a rarely saw reflected in the culture.” Simien decided to change response to the upset win by Donald Trump, due in part to white the name from 2% after realizing the “film needed something working class voters crossing party lines, was dug up from last louder.” Simien created the Twitter account Dear White People, November and touted as proof that the show was designed to which curated tweets using the phrase to address White Amer- ‘perpetrate a war against whites’.” icans with concerns of varying content. Simiens compares and Simien examines that studies show that while there is no “syscontrasts racism and prejudice and cites Beverly Tatum’s Why temic racial oppression of white people in this country,” several Do The Black Kids Sit Together in the Cafeteria, saying: people of many races in the middle and working class are strug“Prejudice plus ‘[the] power’ to enforce that prejudice upon gling. Simien affirms that the struggle for the white population others through a system of disadvantage, Tatum asserts, is what of these people is not a product of their skin color but is in spite defines racism as separate from bigotry, prejudice or plain in- of it. The facts that support this reality are not often brought up, sults based on race. It was a point of view Sam White, I thought, and so the same struggling population has been taught that they would certainly have. are oppressed, and it feels real. Simien continues, “It doesn’t The hypocrisy of being called both a n****r as well the sole matter that jokes about white people don’t reinforce a systemic cause of the racism I was complaining about, was a sort of disadvantage for them”. Simien closes by readdressing Stephen recurring theme. I wasn’t sure if the bipolar nature of the hate Colbert’s “‘Hey White People’, where celebrities far more faspeech was intentional or not, (a kind of mind trick perhaps?) mous than [he] routinely mock white stereotypes in front of but I knew enough to know that it was nothing new.” millions of viewers for comic effect without either controversy Simien asserts that, in response to the announcement, a or calls for boycotts.” Simien believes that it is because “[he campaign was launched to accumulate as many dislikes for is] opinionated, well read, articulate, creative, successful and the Youtube video as possible. Robots which bestow an un- subversive just like the creators of all the projects mentioned proportional amount of likes to a video were created to create above. But unlike the people behind those projects, [he has] the a deeper divide in the ratio of likes to dislikes. Simien wasn’t audacity to be all those things as well as black.” •

Sports

Ski Team Wins Big

Ski Team is Victorious!

By ELI BURNES On Wednesday, February 15th, the Milton academy boys' and girls' ski teams competed in the New England Class B Championship at Okemo mountain in Vermont. Though the ski team has often attended this championship in past years, this is the first time since 2002 that both the girls' and boys' teams won the championship. The championship took place at Okemo mountain in Vermont.

The skiing competition included both giant slalom and slalom, and each school had five racers in each category, with about 40-50 racers getting on the scoreboard in each category. The Skiing is scored by first taking the combined time it took for the skier's two races down the ski run. Skiers are then placed ranked by fastest to slowest time, in Giant Slalom and Slalom categories. The ranks of the top three skiers of each school are summed to get a total score, and the lowest score wins. The girls’ team finished with a score of 36, followed by Taft school with 51 and Concord Academy with 86. The boys’ team finished with a score of 58, followed by Brunswick school with 72 and Concord Academy with 74.

The boys’ team was helped immensely by the stellar performances of freshmen Matt Ryan and Beck Kendig, who placed 2nd and 8th, respectively, in both the Giant Slalom and Slalom races, and were the top two Milton boys. Both of these athletes have had an excellent season, and have placed well at the ski team’s weekly races on Wednesdays at Nashoba Valley. The boys’ captain, Christopher Mathews (I), did not race in the

COURTESY OF THE MILTON

championship, but was there to cheer on his teammates. Given that the boys’ team is not losing any of its top three members next year, the team has great promise to win the championship in future years.

For the girls’ team, Lydia Hill (I) and Kat Stephan (III) placed first and second, respectively, in the Giant Slalom, with Lydia winning by more than three seconds. In the slalom, Lydia Hill placed second, Kat Stephan placed fifth, and Shayla Kelley (III) placed 11th. This finishes out a successful seasons for the girls’ team. Captain Emily Bell competed in the Giant Slalom and placed 29th.

Eleven of the twelve members of the ski team left school Tuesday afternoon in a Milton academy minibus, and the students stayed at a hotel tuesday night and missed classes for all of Wednesday.

This was surely an excellent adventure for all on the team, even those who did not race. According to Captain Chris Matthews, the “minibus was tight, but it only improved our bonds.” Chris also related that “NEPSACs was really fun [...] all of it was a blast. Personally, I had a great time hanging out with the upperclassmen and getting to know the underclassmen better. The girls team has been really talented, so their winning wasn’t that surprising to me, but I could not have guessed that the boys would win as well.

The catalyst behind the boys win was most certainly the performance of our freshmen (namely Beck Kendig, Codi Waterfall, and Matt Ryan). All in all, it was a really memorable experience.”

In other news, the Swim team won the ISL championship for the 20th time in a row. •

PAGE 13

13TH CONTINUED FROM PAGE 11 information needed for a wholesome analysis of the issue at hand.

The visuals and soundtrack of the film also contributed greatly to the films impactfulness and fervor. Songs like Nina Simone’s “Work Song,” and Killer Mike’s “Reagan,” expose the long-standing prevalence of the prison system in black communities, and add an emotional layer to the film. Instances of the word “CRIMINAL” plastered across the screen, throughout the films, contribute to viewer’s understanding of America’s association with blacks and criminality. Images of minstrel shows, political speeches, police brutality, and the horrible conditions one might face in prison really deepen the viewers’ humanity and connection to the issues at hand.

Despite the small turnout to ONYX’s movie night, everyone should watch 13TH. The documentary adds to the stunning analysis of why our society is as it is. •

Antisemitism CONTINUED FROM PAGE 8 the gas chamber.” Old phrases like “dirty jew” have been replaced with the more elegant “zionist pig.” And consider an incident involving a UCLA law student last year. Rachel Beyda was applying for the student council’s Judicial Board, and was questioned about whether, given her being a jewish student, she could maintain an unbiased view? Again, imagine the reaction if this student were not jewish.

And these aren't isolated incidents. The aforementioned report concluded that, on 64 of the most jewish american college campuses, 287 anti-semitic incidents occurred, a 45 percent increase over the past year.

The persistence of antisemitism isn't terribly surprising. It’s been around for nearly two thousand years, so why would it necessarily stop now. What is surprising, however, is where it's happening.

College campuses are supposedly liberal bastions of equality and compassion, where safe spaces are widespread and microaggressions harshly criticized. And the fact that liberals barely recognize this as an issue just goes to demonstrate its pervasiveness.

When Oberlin makes crappy sushi, liberals throw a fit. When a yale lecturer says student should wear whatever halloween costume they choose, she is forced to resign. But who cares when jewish students are told they can’t support a BLM protest solely because they’re jewish. •

PAGE 14

Sports

Boogie to NOLA: Are the Pelicans Legitimate Contenders Now?

By CHRISTOPHER MATHEWS In the wake of another overhyped but ultimately disappointing All-Star Weekend, the NBA actually gave us something interesting: the news that Demarcus “Boogie” Cousins (and F Omri Casspi) had been traded to the New Orleans Pelicans in exchange for G Buddy Hield, F Tyreke Evans, PG Langston Galloway, a 2017 first round pick, and a 2017 second round pick, according to The Vertical. In a trade unlike anything we’ve seen since the Celtics deal to acquire Kevin Garnett, the Pelicans swapped a number of slightly above average assets for the best center in basketball. Cousins – who is currently averaging 27.8 points, 10.6 rebounds, and 4.8 assists – will Join Anthony Davis in New Orleans to form the most devastating big man combo we’ve seen since Tim Duncan and David Robinson.

With the NBA trending towards stacked 2 guard systems in recent years, the newly formed Davis-Cousins tandem in New Orleans is a blast from the past with a modern twist.

Both Davis and Cousins are athletic, can score from anymore on the court, and can rebound with the best of them.

In addition, Davis is one of the better defensive players in the league. Currently, no team in the NBA appears capable of dealing with the amount of front-court pressure the Pelicans should be able to put them under – and, provided they can resign Cousins at the end of next season, there is no doubt in my mind that NOLA will be a force to be reckoned with for years to come. But with the trade coming over halfway through the season and with the Pelicans 2.5 games out of 8th place in the West, according to ESPN, the question remains: can the Pelicans compete for the 2016-2017 NBA title?

On paper, the talent is there. Aside from Cousins and Davis, the Pelicans have PG Jrue Holiday – who is currently averaging 16.3 PPG, 4.0 RPG, and 7.5 APG – as well as valuable role players in PG Tim Frazier, G E’Twaun Moore, and SF Salomon Hill. The Heavy’s Chris Hayne’s also recently reported that the Pelicans are looking to swap emerging PF Terrence Jones for a combo guard; if they can lock up a guard who can match Jones production (11.5 PPG, 5.9 RPG, 1.2 APG, according to ESPN), then it would

appear that the Pelicans have the talent and depth to compete for an NBA title.

But if the Lakers 2003-2004 “super team” has taught us anything, on paper-talent does not always translate to on-court production. While Coach Alvin Gentry must be salivating at the ridiculous front-court firepower his team currently possesses, he should also recognize that what he does with that talent will determine whether or not the Pelicans will compete for a title this year. As his career has progressed, Gentry has embraced an up-tempo, pick and roll heavy, movement focused, offensively inclined style of coaching, according to SB Nation.

While that style has rarely translated into success (Gentry has only had 2 winning seasons in 13 seasons as a head coach, according to Pro Basketball Reference), it is important to recognize that Gentry has not yet had the chance to work with the kind of talent and depth the Pelicans now possess. If Gentry can countenance his coaching style and his personnel, then the Pelicans will compete. If he can’t, then they won’t. While he’s certainly not the ideal coach for a team looking to launch itself into the upper echelons of the Association, he is all what they have (for now) and the ball is in his side of the court. Only time will tell if he can coach the Pelicans to a title.

Aside from talent and coaching, a team’s chemistry also influences its success; and unfortunately for Pelicans fans, Cousins has arguably the worst attitude and the biggest ego out of any player in the league. Boogie is an incredible competitor and a terrific player by any metric; unfortunately, these facts have been marred by his inability to control himself. To this point, no coach in Sacramento has been able to reign in Cousins, and that should be troubling to Pelicans fans. However, with a new team that is poised to compete for a title right away, Cousins is getting a fresh start. If anything were to shock Boogie into changing his attitude, it would be the situation he now finds himself in.

In summary, the Pelicans have the depth and talent to compete, but it remains to be seen whether they have the coaching and chemistry to come out with the title. If the stars align and all goes well, however, then the New Orleans Pelicans could be looking at their first franchise victory. •

Mustang of the Week: Ethan Domokos

By LIAM KENNEDY This past Friday the Milton Academy Boys’ Varsity Hockey Team took on their ISL “rival” Thayer. The buzz around school could be felt by every man, woman, and child. Thayer at the time was ranked eighth amongst prep schools in New England; However, this was no problem for our Mustangs. They buried Thayer 4-1 with goals coming from Quin Fox (Class III), Tyler Campbell (Class II), Jack Bliss (Class I), and Stevie O’Connor (Class I). It was an astounding win for the Mustangs and the energy throughout the rink was undeniable. The Centre Street Hooligans™ came out in full force, filling the rink with school pride, sportsmanship and respect. One Thayer parent complimented the Hooligans saying “They were amazed by how rowdy and respectful [we] were and that [we] represented the school in an excellent fashion”. The Hooligans would get rowdiest when Ethan “Domo” Domokos (Class I), this week’s Mustang of the week, would make an amazing save, which he did all night long.

Ethan was a wall. Thayer managed to sneak only one goal past Ethan out of 35 shots.

Ethan’s spectaculars saves brought the crowd to their feet and incited pride into the fan section. Isaac Fossas went as far as to say “Damn Domo you’re so sexy” and “I LOVE YOU ETHAN”, illustrating how much the crowd fed off of Ethan’s play. Thayer controlled the puck for most of the second period rattling off shots and second chances. These shots were no problem for Ethan as he promptly stopped Thayer and kept them from gaining any momentum.

Ethan’s presence in the net gave Milton the advantage they needed to defeat Thayer.

The hockey team has one more game left as they take on Nobles tomorrow at Nobles. The Stangs are looking for revenge, as they lost to Nobles earlier in the season by a score of 4-1.

Needless to say the atmosphere will be electric and respectful with Milton looking for redemption and the Hooligans present. Ethan will be in net once again doing everything he can to give Milton the best chance of victory. •

Sports

PAGE 15

Mustangs of the Week: Edowaye Idahor Lily Wright

By SOPHIA LI

By CHEYENNE PORCHER

This year, the Milton Varsity swim team made history.

Both the boy’s and the girl’s swim team won the ISL title and added two more trophies to Milton’s very plentiful trophy case. But one swimmer in particular swam four events and really helped her team until the end, Lily Wright.

Lily is an avid swimmer. She started her swim racing career, as one normally does, in the YMCA pools at the age of nine and has not stopped swimming since then.

All the training that she has received since her early years at the Y pushed her to receive 2nd place in the 200 and 500 meter freestyle, and 1st place in the 200 and 400 meter freestyle relays. Lily’s wins were crucial to the Girl’s Swim Team’s success, as the competition was tight between Milton, Thayer, and St. George’s.

The biggest competition, according to Lily, was the St. Georges’ swim team because the team is very well matched to Milton’s, and both teams have come neck and neck for first place in past meets. As for Thayer, they still posed a threat, but since Milton didn’t have extra snow day on February 10th, it's swim team got an extra day of training.

With all this difficult competition it is fair to say that Lily and the rest of her team pulled off a very well deserved win. In each event that everyone had swam, someone had either broken or almost broken swim records set in the past. Lily and her relay team were one second away from breaking the 400-meter relay record.

Providing a perfect explanation as to why they won first place in their event.

Knowing that swimming is equally a mental sport as it is a physical one, Lily and her team were prepared to swim their hardest in order to break pool records and win the ISL title. With her teammates support, placing second and first in her events became an easier job for Lily. She knew that her team relied on her doing her best and that she relied on them doing their best in order for all of them to win and be champions. With her teammates cheering on the sidelines, Lily pulled off four wins that may have seemed physically impossible in the beginning.

Lily is a real trooper and a vital part of the Milton Academy Swim Team. By swimming four events and placing in the top three for all of them, Milton Academy now has one more trophy to add to its display case and one more year to add to the swim banner. Now all Lily has to do to impress us is win ISLs again and break an Olympic swim record. •

On February 13, 2017, two groups of ~30 young women lined up on opposite ends of ACC Court 1, each team sharing one heart, one dream, and one dorm.

Dodgeball season is upon us.

Hallowell House faced off against the formidable Hathaway House.

Though Hallowell walked into the gym with an undefeated record, minutes into the first match it was made abundantly clear that this game could go either way.

An unassuming member of the Hallowell gaggle, Edowaye Idahor (II) spent the majority of the game loitering in the back. It wasn’t until prompted by game officials that she meandered her way into the white boxes of the basketball court. The game was close, and, little by little, Hallowell’s numbers declined. As the disparity between the two teams grew, all Hallowell could do was hold out for a hero. Little did they know that this hero would come in a 5’3” package, wrapped in teal square glasses and a winter jacket.

As both teams continued to hurl balls at each other, Hallowell’s lengthening line waited anxiously for their teammates to catch balls and bring them back into the action. One particularly fierce dodgeball was launched towards a Hallowell girl, and the startled player quickly punted it up with her own ball; the abused ball propelled straight up, reaching as high as the basketball net before plunging back down into the crowd.

Unsure of what to do, Edowaye tentatively reached her arms out as the balls descended straight onto her target. Closing her eyes right before it made contact, she anticipated her inevitable discharge. Much to her, and the entirety of Hallowell’s, surprise, the ball landed directly into her waiting arms. She looked down at the ball incredulously before turning her attention to her surroundings, staring at everyone with her mouth agape.

Caitlin Chan (I) was the first to rush onto the court, due to her being first in the out line. Rather than immediately getting back into the game, she embraced Edowaye not only for the save, but also for the prowess and capability she just displayed. When asked to describe Edowaye, Caitlin kept it simple.

“She is speed. She is grace. She is stamina, and she’s a beast at dodgeball.”

Jen Costa (I), who is no stranger to Mustang of the Week, was particularly moved by the unexpected play.

“I was incredibly proud of my friend for making such an unreal play without paying attention. I didn’t know whether to laugh, or cry, or scream. It was honestly one of my best moments since coming to Milton.”

Not only did this move add another Hallowell member to the team and remove a Hathaway one, it inspired a formerly lethargic Hallowell team to turn an entire game around. Within five minutes, Hallowell secured another victory.

While the night ultimately ended in a tie, with Hallowell winning the first game and Hathaway the second, the feeling of watching a modest teammate break through the confines of insecurity into the freedom of success was a satisfaction that overpowered any semblance of disappointment. Bravo, Edowaye. •

PAGE 16

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