01
FOREWORD
KEYNOTE PRESENTATIONS
03 05 07 09 11
FIRST | DR. PERRY S. ONG Before Going to the Edge, Back to Basics: The 3Gs as the Context for a Responsive and Sustainable Landscape Architecture SECOND | DR. MA. VICTORIA ORTEGA-ESPALDON Planning Development in a Landscape in a Changing Philippine Climate: Will Paradigm Shift Matter? THIRD | ARCH. ENRICO B. TABAFUNDA Campus Planning: An Opportunity for Collaboration with Landscape Architects FOURTH | LARCH. PAULO G. ALCAZAREN The Conservation of Urban Heritage Spaces FIFTH | ATTY. KAREN LUCILLE MALILONG How a Landscape Architect Can Make the Dreams of the Filipinos Come True
PAPER PRESENTATIONS
13
SESSION 1A Biodiversity Conversation for Planning and Design
17
SESSION 1B Adaptation for Resiliency and Protection of Landscapes
21
SESSION 2A Adaptation for Resiliency and Protection of Landscapes
25
SESSION 2B Assessment Techniques in Planning and Design
29
SESSION 3 Adaptation for Resiliency and Protection of Landscapes
33
SESSION 4 Heritage Landscape Conservation Practices
The Book of Abstracts Susan C. Aquino-Ong, F PALA Head, PALA NatCon Seminar Sub-Committee
The Philippine Association of Landscape Architects (PALA) Seminar Committee welcomes participants to the 2015 Fourth PALA National Convention anchored on the theme “Landscape Edge”. This convention has two parallel tracks, the seminar and the workshop tracks and jointly aims to provide updates and information on best practices, consolidate its membership whilst forging stronger ties among professional allies in the industry, teachers and researchers in the academe, people’s organizations, government units, and coherently address the needs of the Filipino community in design and planning, implementation and management processes for resilient and sustainable landscapes. As a guide to members and guests, a Book of Abstracts with a compilation of lectures from the five keynote speakers and eighteen paper presentations is provided. The program is divided into six sessions on four themes, namely: (1) biodiversity conservation; (2) techniques in adaptation and resiliency; (3) landscape assessment techniques; and (4) heritage landscape conservation practices. Specifically, the 2-day convention will provide PALA members and guest participants broader perspectives in their practice with a common understanding on the ecological approaches needed for responsive landscape planning and design. The keynote speakers from various fields of interests encompass a wide range of disciplines: biology, geography, architecture, policy and laws for cultural landscape protection, and landscape architecture. Each speaker will contribute to increasing the collective body of knowledge on landscape architecture theories and practice within the Philippine context at the same time defining the profession’s multi-faceted roles in global environment stewardship.
|1
The five keynote speakers are experts in their own fields of research and academic pursuit, as well as outstanding in their field of professional practice. Each topic was chosen for their relevance and interwoven into today’s fabric of environmental issues that plagues our fragile, yet rich and highly diverse Philippine landscape. These topics are expected to collectively inspire and define our roles as planners and how we impact the national, regional and global settings in this period of rapid urbanization in the ASEAN region, whilst searching for the formulae on how to strike the balance between conservation and development to guide our best practice. The seminar track is divided into six sessions with a variety of 18 papers from students and professionals. The profile of paper presenters are as follows: 70% (n=12) from landscape researchers and graduate students of the Masters in Tropical Landscape Architecture program at the University of the Philippines Diliman; 20% (n=4) from seasoned practitioners whose professional track records have left their marks of best practice in 21st century Philippine landscape architecture; 10% (n=2) from two important state universities in the country, the Bulacan State University and the University of the Philippines Los Baños, whose research have enriched Philippine landscape architecture. These presentations address the tropical conditions and the archipelagic nature of our country and will provide examples of highly-prized and localized projects that are appreciated not only for their innovative and creative interventions but also for beauty, function, resilience, and responsiveness to the extremes of changing climate and natural disasters in the country.
2|
Dr. Perry S. Ong
FIRST KEYNOTE SPEAKER
Professor, Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines - Diliman (UPD) Member, Ecology & Taxonomy Academic Group, University of the Philippines - Diliman (UPD)
Dr. Ong is a UP Scientist and a professor of Wildlife Biology at University of the Philippines - Diliman (UPD) who devoted nearly four decades of his research on conservation and protection of Philippine biodiversity. He combines science and policy matters, and collaborates with the widest sectors of Philippine society as well as with the international community with an end- goal to conserve and protect Philippine biodiversity of local and global significance. Dr. Ong played a key role in the second iteration of the Philippine National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) in collaboration with the Biodiversity Management Bureau - Department of Environment and Natural Resources (BMB-DENR), which led to the Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities and ultimately fine-tuning the country’s NBSAP. As a result of his dedicated and constancy of hardwork, Dr. Ong has been recognized as UP Scientist III for two terms since 2012. Among his awards are the 2014 Concepcion D. Dadufalza Award for Distinguised Achievement, 2009 Natatanging Guro Gawad Chancellor, in U.P. Diliman, 2008 Centennial Outstanding Alumni for Environment Conservation and Sustainable Development, 2004 Hugh Greenwood Award for Environment Science by the National Academy for Science and Technology (NAST), 2002 Dr. Jose Rizal Award of Excellence, 2000 Ten Outstanding Young Men (TOYM) Award for Environment Conservation, 2000 Outstanding Young Scientist (OYS) for Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.
|3
Before Going to the Edge, Back to Basics: The 3Gs as the Context for a Responsive and Sustainable Landscape Architecture Perry S. Ong
As the 2nd half of the 2nd decade of the 21st century approaches, with the ASEAN Economic Integration in our midst, how can Filipino Landscape Architects push itself to be at the leading edge of its discipline? In order to do that PALA needs to go back to the basics. There is an urgent need for Landscape Architecture practitioners to “Know Thyself” through going to a Back to Basics mode so that it can understand where its competitive advantages are and become truly competitive with the rest of the ASEAN and the rest of the world, and contribute to the establishment of sustaining societies. The physical context of the Philippines is best described by the 3Gs (Geology, Geography, Geomorphology). As a consequence of the 3Gs, we are rich in natural hazards, minerals, biodiversity and cultural diversity. The 3Gs and their consequences, like givens in a mathematical equation, define the realm by which Landscape Architecture works on. This with what Ian L. McHarg’s “Design with Nature” literally means. The classic model of development had been pursued at all cost and at the expense of the environment, with the Philippines as an example of limited economic development to show for a damaged environment. An emerging development model is sustainable development which has the 3Ps as the triple bottom line: Planet, People and Profit. How can Landscape Architecture as a discipline and Landscape Architects as professionals, undertake a paradigm shift that will lead to (NPS) 2: Nurturing Nature, Protecting People and Sustaining Society, for the long term benefit of Philippine Society and humanity as well? A basic appreciation of the 3Gs and their consequences is a key step towards the attainment of such a paradigm shift. Only then can the practitioners of the discipline lead it to the edge. Only then can a truly Responsive and Sustainable Landscape Architecture discipline and practice can emerge.
4|
| 4TH PALA NATIONAL CONVENTION: THE LANDSCAPE EDGE Dr. Ma. Victoria Ortega-Espaldon
SECOND KEYNOTE SPEAKER
Professor, School of Environment Science and Management (SESAM), University of the Philippines - Los Baños (UPLB) Member, Technical Committee on Environmental Science, Commision on Higher Education (CHED) Program Leader, Project SARAI, DOST-PCAARRD
Dr. Ortega-Espaldon is a UP Scientist and a professor at the School of Environmental Science and Management (SESAM), University of the Philippines - Los Baños (UPLB). She was conferred Doctor of Geography by the University of Guelph, and has from then held academic positions at UPLB, as a Dean of SESAM from 2006-2011 and a Vice-Chancellor for Research and Extension from 2011-2014. Aside from teaching, she finds joy in doing a kaleidoscope of tasks. She is an active member of the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) Technical Committee on Environmental Science; serves as program leader of a DOST-PCAARRD funded program on Smarter Approaches to Reinvigorate Agriculture as an Industry or SARAI. She also co-chairs the Climate Risks Study Center of UPLB, a new interdisciplinary center which began in 2007. Dr. Ortega-Espaldon also co-authored a book with 14 other Filipino scientist entitled “Changing Philippine Climate: Impacts on Agriculture and Natural Resources” published by UP Press in 2014. The book received the 2015 Outstanding Book Award by the National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST). She also received a Special Citation for Environmental Science from the NAST in 2014. As if her credentials are not enough to prove her dedication, a newly found species of Hoya found in Polillo Island in Quezon Province, the Hoya espaldoniana, was named after Dr. Ortega-Espaldon, in honor of her diligence and continuous support in environmental education and conservation of Philippine biodiversity.
|5
Planning Development in a Landscape in a Changing Philippine Climate: Will Paradigm Shift Matter? Maria Victoria Ortega-Espaldon
This paper discusses the potential theoretical and practical contribution of landscape approach to designing development in enhancing Philippine society’s resilience to climate change. Changes in the Philippine landscapes are largely human driven, growth of urban areas is spontaneous, and our population growth rate is one of the fastest in the world. These complex factors have inarguably contributed to a decline in ecological integrity of major Philippine ecosystems. Being an archipelagic country within the Pacific Ring of Fire, this complex socioeconomic condition makes us one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to climate change. Vulnerability to climate change is a function of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Exposure refers to the extent to which an area or population is exposed to climate risks like increased temperature, typhoons, floods, drought, rainfall induced landslides and storm surges, of which we are very much familiar with. Sensitivity refers to the extent to which an area or community can be possibly affected based on the condition of its nature reserve as their life support system and our socio demographic profile. Adaptive capacity is the ability of the human community to cope and adapt to climate change, that in itself is multidimensional and involves the status of social, human, physical, natural and financial capitals, including governance and institutions. This paper argues that a paradigm shift in planning, from commodity-based, piece-meal approach to landscape-based approach matters in strengthening the capacity of both social and natural systems to adapt to climate change impacts.
6|
| 4TH PALA NATIONAL CONVENTION: THE LANDSCAPE EDGE Arch. Enrico B. Tabafunda
THIRD KEYNOTE SPEAKER
Campus Architect & Director, Office of the Campus Architect (OCA) Principal Architect & Partner, ProForma Design and Management Corporation Professor, College of Architecture, University of the Philippines - Diliman (UPD)
|7
Arch. Tabafunda is the Director of the Office of the Campus Architect (OCA) at the University of the Philippines - Diliman (UPD). His rich career experience in collaborative works with four landscape architects and other professionals in his OCA office is the inspiration of his talk. Arch. Tabafunda is a graduate of BS Architecture at the University of the Philippines - Diliman (UPD), and currently pursuing masters degree while transmitting knowledge as lecturer in the same university. He is the principal architect and partner at ProForma Design and Management Corporation, where he designs and manages construction of residential, commercial, corporate, and institutional projects as well as serving as an expert in contract administration, quality control, scheduling, and purchasing activities.
Campus Planning: An Opportunity for Collaboration with Landscape Architects Enrico B. Tabafunda
Integrated practice in design is a viable approach to articulating spaces in complex undertakings such as Campus Planning and Design, where projects range from interiors to land use and master plans. The need for the school to plan for sustainability while maintaining its ideals and heritage requires the participation of, not only the administrators and architects, but also, a host of professionals with expertise on landscape architecture, interior design, and the social sciences, among others. The presentation aims to present the prospect of a broader participation of the Landscape Architect in Campus Planning and Design, with the University of the Philippines-Diliman as case study. The UP-Diliman Campus is a heterogeneous environment hosting academic zones, residential communities, and resource generation spaces. It is also marked by open spaces and abundant vegetation. With infrastructure initiatives constantly coming in, buildings and landscape will have to be designed in detail with careful consideration of context. The OfďŹ ce of the Campus Architect recognizes the need to weave together these various landscape elements into a single site-sensitive development that would capture the image of the Campus. The Landscape Architect is the proper professional to collaborate with to accomplish this task, an essential tool in advancing the strategic objectives of the University.
8|
| 4TH PALA NATIONAL CONVENTION: THE LANDSCAPE EDGE L.Arch. Paulo G. Alcazaren
FOURTH KEYNOTE SPEAKER
Principal, PGAA Creative Design Charter Member, Heritage Conservation Society (HCS) Consultant, Department of Tourism (DOT) Member, Philippine Associate of Landscape Architects (PALA)
L.Arch. Alcazaren is a former president and member of the College of Fellows of the Philippine Association of Landscape Architects (PALA). He earned his masteral degree in Urban Design from the University of Singapore and completed both Bachelor of Science in Architecture and Bachelor of Landscape Architecture from the University of the Philippines - Diliman (UPD). His professional practice of nearly four decades combines knowledge and skills in the ďŹ ne arts, site planning, urban design, and landscape architecture. L.Arch. Alcazaren is passionate about conservation and protection of heritage and uses social media through his column in the Philippine Star and social network sites like Facebook for his unrelenting promotion of his advocacy. He is a charter member and current board of the Heritage Conservation Society (HCS) and consultant of the Department of Tourism (DOT) for the Rizal Park and the revitalization of Roxas Boulevard. With a string of awards of both local and international levels, one more recently added on his cap is the prestigious 2015 Gawad CCP Para sa Sining Arkitektura by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA).
|9
The Conservation of Urban Heritage Spaces Paulo G. Alcazaren
The Philippines is 60% urban. Our towns and cities are expanding and getting more crowded every year. Development has led to loss of urban heritage spaces of plazas and parks, along with architectural heritage of the buildings that deďŹ ned these spaces. The presentation focuses on the history, current state and future of these open or green spaces. It presents how conserving these, or recovering them, are essential to maintaining a sense of place, as well as is important in today’s reality of climate change and disaster risk mitigation. Case studies, best practices, and notable projects at the cutting edge of landscape architectural planning and design of Metro Manila and key provincial towns and cities, will be highlighted. Some regional examples will also be featured for lessons that can be adapted to the Philippine setting. The major point to be made in the talk is that heritage conservation in the context of purposeful landscape architectural and urban planning, does not compromise urban development, or private real estate initiatives. Heritage and open space conservation gives towns and cities the edge in tourism attractiveness, creates settings of delight and source of pride for people, and is directly related to sustainability.
10 |
| 4TH PALA NATIONAL CONVENTION: THE LANDSCAPE EDGE Atty. Lucille Karen Malilong
FIFTH KEYNOTE SPEAKER
Head, National Committe on Monuments and Sites (NCMS), National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) Member, International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS)
| 11
Aside from being a legal practitioner, Atty. Malilong is a forest and cultural heritage advocate. She is a member of the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), a professional association known for the conservation and protection of cultural heritage landscapes around the world, and currently heads the National Committee on Monuments and Sites (NCMS) under National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA). Atty. Malilong has a sterling academic track record, as she was the class valedictorian from U.P. Cebu High School, graduated magna cum laude in Bachelor of Science in Economics, and ranked sixth among graduating class in her Bachelor of Laws in the University of the Philippines - Diliman (UPD). Beyond that seemingly academic all but head record, is a heart of a human ďŹ lled with love and passion for heritage, arts, owers, and trees while she weaves policies to connect them for the protection and conservation of these elements.
How a Landscape Architect Can Make the Dreams of the Filipinos Come True Lucille Karen Malilong
The Philippine Constitution embodies the hopes and dreams of the Filipino people. Its preamble states that we want “to build a just and humane society,” “promote the common good,” “conserve and develop our patrimony” and “secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace.” Thus, everything we do, at least in theory, is designed to help us reach those goals. How does the practice of Landscape Architecture make the hopes and dreams of the Filipino people come true? At the heart of Landscape Architecture is designing natural scenery and land areas with the requirement that such action results in the protection, conservation and rehabilitation of the natural environment and scenery to enhance the ecological system and quality of life. Or as a poster prepared by Landscape Architecture Students at the University of San Agustin in Iloilo puts it, “changing the world without harming the earth.” For indigenous peoples, land is life. They do not see nature as separate from themselves. For most Filipinos, however, such connection to the land is not as apparent. We have forgotten that without our forests, we lose access to our supply of water and clean air, among other things. And this translates into lack of care for our environment and loss of our natural heritage. The conservation and protection of our natural heritage is an essential component of the just and humane Philippine society that we aspire for. Because of their mandate, Landscape Architects are in a unique position to make Filipinos appreciate the natural environment, protect heritage and celebrate the creativity of Filipinos. They have an important role to play in making our collective dreams come true.
12 |
Session 1A: Biodiversity Conservation for Planning and Design FIRST DAY | 1:15 - 3:00 PM | RM 1
An Analysis of the Ecological Structure of Pampanga and Enhancement of the Biodiversity Potential of Road Corridors in San Fernando City, Philippines Francis E. Ong feo_rki@yahoo.com
Evaluating the Potential for an EfďŹ cient Wetland Park System in LPPCHEA Based on the Hong Kong Wetland Park Case Theresa C. Rivera tacrivera@gmail.com
Selection of Native Coastal Trees Suitable for Urban Landscapes Patrick Andrew E. Gozon metscaper@yahoo.com
13 |
S ES SI O N 1 A
//001
An Analysis of the Ecological Structure of Pampanga and Enhancement of the Biodiversity Potential of Road Corridors in San Fernando City, Philippines Francis E. Ong Nappy L. Navarra, PhD
Abstract
Urbanization is imminent in the city of San Fernando, Philippines, as it undergoes economic and infrastructure development. In the course of urbanization, it is imperative to study the ecological structure in order to integrate green space with city planning and encourage biodiversity enrichment in the urban landscape. As commonly observed in urbanizing Philippine cities, the natural environment is often neglected in favor of infrastructure. Ecological cores have become fragmented, resulting to the formation of small patches in urban matrices. Edges of the patches blur with other land uses, thus compromising the ecological integrity of the city. This paper aims to propose ways on how to improve the ecological structure of San Fernando City by utilizing roads as ecological corridors to connect major ecological cores and patches. The different urban roads are classified into different typologies, in which different interventions will be proposed in order to improve potential for biodiversity integration. These ecological urban road corridors are interconnected with other corridors to link the different green spaces to form an ecological network of the city of San Fernando City.
KEYWORDS ecology biodiversity San Fernando road
| 14
SE SS IO N 1A
//002
Evaluating the Potential for an Efficient Wetland Park System in LPPCHEA Based on the Hong Kong Wetland Park Case Study Theresa C. Rivera Susan C. Aquino-Ong, PhD
Abstract
Wetland parks are one of the biggest contributors to the ecosystem services among natural habitat creations. Through the efforts of the Ramsar Convention, the existence and promulgation of wetland parks as a landscape architectural design feature that is active and accessible to people for recreational and educational purposes has become more popular in the 21st century. The Hong Kong Wetland Park, a Wetland of International Importance (WII) granted by Ramsar, is a model park for this study in evaluating the potential for a wetland park system in the critical habitat and eco-tourism area found in Las Piñas and Parañaque, in Metro Manila. Through a modified DPSIR approach, the wetland park system as a response to existing problems faced by nearby urban civilizations was evaluated to determine whether such system is, in fact, appropriate to the prevailing drivers, pressures, and state of the environment through an assessment of impacts as identified by the Ramsar Convention. Both wetland areas were assessed through this approach, using Hong Kong Wetland Park as the benchmark for potential efficiency.
KEYWORDS wetland park 21st Century landscape design DPSIR ecological sustainability RAMSAR
15 |
S ES SI O N 1 A
//003
Selection of Native Coastal Trees Suitable for Urban Landscapes Patrick Andrew E. Gozon
Abstract
The Philippines has one of the longest coastlines in the world. The coastal areas of its numerous islands are some of the most challenging landscapes to tackle in terms of landscape design, especially in plant selection. The extreme geographic, edaphic and climatic conditions of the Philippine coasts limit the possible trees and shrubs that could be introduced into local coastal landscapes. Yet in these areas one could ďŹ nd a multitude of native tree species surviving and even thriving. The proponent will attempt to enumerate some landscaping challenges encountered in growing trees and large shrubs in Philippine coastal areas. The presentation will enumerate a selection of commonly used landscape coastal trees (both native and exotic) and present other native coastal tree species as landscape ornamentals and exotic species alternatives.
KEYWORDS native coastal trees exotic coastal landscapes
| 16
Session 1B: Adaptation for Resiliency and Protection of Landscapes FIRST DAY | 1:15 - 3:00 PM | RM 2
The Cavite-Manila Coastal Road and Its Effects on the Surroundings Zenaida C. Galingan zdgalingan@gmail.com
Mt. Pinatubo Lahar Erosion Prevention and Flood Control in the Pasig-Potrero River Basin Watershed Through Schematic Master Planning Angelo Paulo A. Mogul angelo.mogul@yahoo.com
Lava Diversion: An Investigation on the Use of Dike Network in Diverting Lava Flow from Probable Eruption of Taal Volcano Nathalee Faith M. Maliwat nathalee.maliwat@gmail.com
17 |
S ES SI O N 1 B
//001
The Cavite–Manila Coastal Road and Its Effects on the Surroundings Zenaida C. Galingan
Abstract
Every government tries to reach its most rural areas through opening and construction of roadways as a start for its development. Through road creation, they tried to improve the economic situation of the area for this will ease the problem of commodity transfer and means of communication. In the case of the Metro Manila area, more roadway systems are being improved and developed to hasten the urbanization of the suburban areas, and to disperse the population if possible and to ease trafďŹ c congestion. For this matter, this presentation intends to discuss one of the major thoroughfares in Metro Manila, the Manila-Cavite Coastal Road - also known as the R-I Expressway or Radial I Expressway, and the effects of its construction, both positive and negative on the surrounding environment and inhabitants. However, the discussion will only be limited to the Stage I of the project.
KEYWORDS Cavite-Manila Coastal Road urbanization of suburban R-1 expressway
| 18 1
SE SS IO N 1B
//002
Mt. Pinatubo Lahar Erosion Prevention and Flood Control in the Pasig-Potrero River Basin Watershed Through Schematic Master Planning Angelo Paulo A. Mogul Nappy L. Navarra, PhD
Abstract
Mount Pinatubo spewed forth billions of tons of lahar and volcanic debris across a thousand kilometer radius when it erupted in 1991. The remaining lahar along the slopes of the mountain still poses a threat to the downstream communities of Pasig-Potrero River Basin and other drainage areas in the province as intense rainfall can influence lahar flows, as well as flood the lowland. Using current regional technology (such as satellite mapping and map analysis) and previous studies on lahar flow, together with different landscape technologies (such as erosion mitigation techniques and contour manipulation) a landscape master planning solution is formulated to stabilize the lahar deposits and minimize flooding concerns. The schematic landscape master plan is done on a scale that encompasses the slopes of Mt. Pinatubo down to the chosen watershed. The schematic master plan produced is envisioned to reduce the intensity or stormwater runoff and,subsequent lahar flows that can affect the lowlands. This paper will also serve as a case study on the application of landscape planning on a mountain landscape region threatened by continuous lahar flows and flooding.
KEYWORDS lahar erosion flood control Pinatubo
19 |
S ES SI O N 1 A
//003
Lava Diversion: An Investigation on the Use of Dike Network in Diverting Lava Flow from Probable Eruption of Taal Volcano Nathalee Faith M. Maliwat Nappy L. Navarra, PhD
Abstract
Volcanic lava diversion has been the subject of study since the 17th century during the eruption of Mt. Etna in Sicily. Since then several methods have been used to mitigate the catastrophic effects of lava. In this paper, the researcher focuses on the use of lava diversion dikes in diverting the course of lava flow on one of the most active volcanoes in the country - Taal Volcano. The major contributions of the paper are: (a) schematic plan of the dike network on the Volcano Island, and (b) as reference for future studies on possible lava diversion methods. Field surveys, hazard maps, lava flow maps, maps produced by Philippine Volcanology and Seismology, were gathered and processed for the assessment on the location of communities, and agriculture & mining sites. Information is then synthesized with the maps indicating settlements and land uses to determine the direction of diversion away from the communities and directed towards the proposed lava field. From the synthesis, the researcher proposes the location, relative to existing topography of the island. The detail of dike network construction, though not part of the scope of the study, is based on related studies and historical records of other volcanoes in other parts of the world focusing on the details of lava flow from the previous eruptions. The result is a schematic plan showing the proposed diversion dike network will divert lava away from communities and evacuation routes, and also enrich the agriculture land and mineral deposits. However, there are essential factors which need to be considered in future studies. Among these important factors are information on speed of lava flow and duration of eruption. The researcher also recommends further studies on applying simulation model to solidify claims on the effectiveness of the dike network.
KEYWORDS lava diversion Taal Volcano Dike lava flow volcanic topography lava field
| 20
Session 2A: Adaptation for Resiliency and Protection of Landscapes FIRST DAY | 3:15 - 5:00 PM | RM 1
Applying Urban Resilience Theory to Flooding on Flood-prone Urbanizing Settlements Along the Pampanga River Theresa C. Rivera tacrivera@gmail.com
(Waste) Watershed: A Study on the Upland Community Lifestyle Hygiene of the Aetas in the Morong River Watershed Jose Antonio P. Bimbao jobimbao@gmail.com
Rediscovering Tangue Creek, Through Neo-Urban Stream Development Jose Antonio P. Bimbao jobimbao@gmail.com
21 |
S ES SI O N 2 A
//001
Applying Urban Resilience Theory to Flooding on Flood-Prone Urbanizing Settlements Along the Pampanga River Theresa C. Rivera Nappy L. Navarra, PhD
Abstract
By accepting periodic flood as an unavoidable circumstance, urban communities in eastern Pampanga can adapt to flood flows from the Pampanga River better during high-intensity storms by creating a more ecologically-resilient, multi-equilibria system of adaptation. A typical solution is to apply engineering solutions to flooding, resulting in a forced state of equilibrium that is ill-adapted to the changing forces of nature. By understanding the dichotomous theory of urban resilience to floods, strategies can be formed to assess and plan a more adaptive flood hazard management framework. To operationalize the theory, an estimation of stormwater and riparian alluvial flow is developed to understand the volumetric capacity of floodwaters natural floodplains need to accommodate flooding. The rational method of computing runoff is applied to the major watershed forming the floodprone Pampanga River, determining the percentage of floodable area and moving ecological equilibria. This creates a better understanding of the distribution of flood by providing a baseline for the future planning of mitigation and adaptation urban strategies to flooding such as providing vegetated buffer zones, no build zones, and ground to building floor height.
KEYWORDS flood resilience urban planning spatial planning GIS landscape ecology
| 22
SE SS IO N 2A
//002
(Waste) Watershed: A Study on the Upland Community Lifestyle Hygiene of the Aetas in the Morong River Watershed Jose Antonio P. Bimbao Nappy L. Navarra, PhD
Abstract
Watershed hydrology starts with the collection of rainwater runoff from the upland sources toward the lowland catchments. The quality of water as it goes downstream towards the lowland basin improves through the natural processes of ďŹ ltration and sedimentation provided by vegetation and soil. This hydrologic movement is sensitive to human intervention. Settlements located at the upland areas of a watershed basin affect the water quality as water from upstream of these settlements are utilized for domestic purposes and then discharged downstream without appropriate community sanitation processes. In effect, the water quality accumulated at the lowland catchment has poorer quality due to upstream water pollution. The Morong River Watershed, one of the six watersheds in the Bataan National Park, is home to a thriving indigenous people settlement located at the upland of the watershed. The presence of the Magbukun Aeta tribe, relocated during the 1970’s from the lowlands of the same mountain site, poses a threat to the condition of the water draining downstream because the nomadic lifestyle of the displaced community created environmental pressure due to differences in hygienic practices in their present settlement from their original settlement. This paper aims to study and consider mitigation measures to manage the effects of the upland sanitation practices of the Aeta settlement in Kanawan, Mount Natib that affect the water quality of the Morong River Watershed. The study compares water samples from the water sources upstream and downstream of the community, and the lowland catchment for possible contamination. The water sample from the downstream nearest to the Aeta community revealed the higher bacterial content. In order to mitigate these degrading effects to water quality, a community sanitation management plan through composting toilets and contained leaching ďŹ elds are proposed to improve the quality discharged from discharged by the settlement.
KEYWORDS Aeta community hygiene Morong River watershed Sitio Kanawan watershed water quality
23 |
S ES SI O N 2 A
//003
Rediscovering Tangue Creek, Through Neo-Urban Stream Development Jose Antonio P. Bimbao Zenaida C. Galingan
Abstract
Natural streams or river tributaries are casualties of urban sprawl. In a setting of infrastructure after infrastructure, these natural waterways have been mistreated from the planning stage until after completion of the project. Since these channels are relatively small in scale compared to other water bodies, it is common for them to be neglected or to be considered of small value. The Neo-Urban Stream is conceptualized from using the combining form “neo”, from its Greek root néos (Neo, n.d.), which means “new” to the idea of the urban stream. The urban stream, on the other hand, pertains to the existing river tributaries that are present in the urban setting. (Bimbao, 2013) The study takes on Tangue Creek, a stream in Quezon City that has lost more than half of its natural flow in favor to infrastructure. From the start of the tributary between the Banko Central ng Pilipinas (BSP) parking site and the National Telecommunications Commission site (along BIR road) to the Delta Building (West Avenue corner Quezon Avenue), the stream faces problems such as encroachment and rerouting. It aims to retrace this stream and to find how its remaining natural form can still be valued as the stream not only defines one of the boundaries of Heroes Hill Subdivision in Quezon City but also an important waterway to prevent flooding in the city.
KEYWORDS Tangue Creek neo-urban stream urban stream urban waterways
| 24
Session 2B: Adaptation for Resiliency and Protection of Landscapes FIRST DAY | 3:15 - 5:00 PM | RM 2
BIKESCAPE: An Assessment of the Optimum Bicycle Landscape Experience in an Urban Area Osias L. Nieva Jr. jon_nieva@yahoo.com
The Planning and Design of Recycled Tire Playground as a Healing Component of the Landscape in Tacoloban After Typhoon ‘Haiyan’ Renato A. Heray rah_landscape@yahoo.com
‘PALARo System’: Playground Area Landscape Architecture Rating System Von Gerald Azagra vonazagra@yahoo.com
25 |
S ES SI O N 2 B
//001
BIKESCAPE: An Assessment of the Optimum Bicycle Landscape Experience in an Urban Area Osias L. Nieva Jr. Abstract
Landscape improvements for Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) in urban areas specifically the integration of bicycles, is quickly becoming a priority. It is important to analyze the landscape before integrating bicycle facilities in an urban area, to create a safe, efficient and conducive urban bicycle environment. This paper seeks to address a part of this problem by analyzing an urban landscape, reviewing the speed and efficiency of bicycles as a means of transport in urban areas compared to other means of transportation like bus, taxi and jeepney. Safety was evaluated based on existing bicycle facilities and its support infrastructures along the selected corridor. Safety was measured using a checklist based on a consolidated list of local and international studies of bicycle facilities in an urban landscape. Rating was done through assigning numerical values of each facility that exists or is non-existent in the selected corridor. Scenic value was evaluated using captured images at every stop of each segment, to simulate riders’ view during intersection stops. Hardscape, Softscape and Composition were used as components to rate the scenic quality of the corridor. Rating was done by assigning numerical values for each component and adding these numerical values to get the total scenic quality of each segment, and then adding each segment’s values to rate the overall scenic quality of the landscape corridor. Satisfaction through comfort was rated based on pavement condition, air quality, tree shading and terrain. This was measured by assigning a numerical value for each component to rate the level of comfort of segments in the whole corridor. By adding all segment ratings, the research was able to measure and evaluate the quality of bicycle landscape experience in an urban area.
KEYWORDS bicycle speed safety scenic quality satisfaction and comfort
| 26
//002
SE SS IO N 2B
The Planning and Design of Recycled Tire Playground the Landscape in Tacoloban After Typhoon ‘Haiyan’ Renato A. Heray Abstract
Living in one of the most calamity-prone countries in the world – Philippines, constantly brings opportunities to extend a hand to our countrymen that were affected by disasters such as typhoon, flooding and earthquake to name a few. November 2013 was the time when the most destructive super typhoon ever named “Haiyan (Yolanda)” landed in several areas of the country. Survivors were confused not knowing how to cope up. This was the time when “bayanihan” spirit of Filipinos was evident by expressing their sympathy through donating anything they can and doing the intangibles, exerting effort for them. Being in the profession related to the natural and built environment, it is our concern how to contribute in rebuilding wiped out surroundings to be of help to the typhoon survivors in coping up and providing better perspective of life ahead despite the disastrous encounter with nature. There came the idea to support the children who experienced this traumatic incident – by building a playground especially for them. With this, they have a safe place where they can freely play any way they choose. In addition, playing will provide social interaction with one another; it will bring back joy to their faces and eventually help them heal their emotional wounds. Located within the grounds of the first school built one month after typhoon “Haiyan” – San Fernando Central School – makes the playground more significant to the healing component of landscape in Tacloban City. Due to the fact that it was conceptualized after the typhoon, design was derived from raindrops. Then the idea of using recycled tires as the main material to harmonize with the concept came up and our countrymen responded by donating more than the number of tires needed for the project. Planning and laying it all out with respect to certain axis offers a more exciting playing field; colorful painting applied makes it a better landscape environment and healing component for the children. This testifies that Landscape Architects, whether in healthy or tragic conditions, can be an instrument of service in improving the quality of life and contribute to a better natural and built environment. It will remind us that our profession is noble and as responsible professionals, we should never forget that our duty is not only for ourselves but also to serve others with dignity and humility.
KEYWORDS landscape healing bayanihan recycled tire playground
Tacloban City Haiyan
27 |
S ES SI O N 2 B
//003
‘PALARo System’: Playground Area Landscape Architecture Rating System Von Gerald Azagra
Abstract
Rapid urbanization and unplanned population development can be detrimental to the safety of citizens, with children being a particularly vulnerable social group. In this review, the researcher assesses childhood playground related injuries and hazards and suggests mechanism which could be incorporated into playground planning. The inclusion criteria used were “children”, as the focus group, “playground design” as the main field of study, and “safety” as the concepts of study. This paper accessed related documents on playground injuries and hazards as well as rating system and standards used in playgrounds, which are then screened and reviewed systematically to come out with the theoretical framework. The result is the formulation of a Rating System which will be used to test existing playgrounds on design and safety. This study also aims to provide a comprehensive analysis and description and evaluation of playground safety design and its environmental hazards to end users.
KEYWORDS children playground design safety hazards rating system
| 28
Session 3: Adaptation for Resiliency and Protection of Landscapes SECOND DAY | 10:15 - 11:30 PM
Filipinos as Experts on Resilient Design in the ASEAN Practice of Landscape Architecture Mary Ann A. Espina arch_epea@yahoo.com
Edible Landscaping in the Philippines: The Artistic Approach for Small-Scale Crop Production Ryan Rodrigo P. Tayobong scaong@yahoo.com
Rotating Green Wall: A Practical, Cost Effective, and User-Friendly Vertical Gardening Alternative Paolo Guillermo Tuazon ptuazon86@hotmail.ph
29 |
S ES SI O N 3
//001
Filipinos as Experts on Resilient Design in the ASEAN Practice of Landscape Architecture Mary Ann A. Espina
Abstract
This paper aims to promote the Filipinos landscape architects as experts on Resilient Design in the Philippines, as well as in the ASEAN Region. This will be presented in the context of the role of local LA’s in the planning and design efforts towards the prevention, mitigation, rehabilitation and reconstruction for disaster risk reduction. The recent catastrophic events of typhoons and earthquake that have occurred in our country have provided us with opportunities to make a contribution. It also cites a case study of such opportunity to plan the resilience of the ood-prone barangay of Reserva in the Municipality of Baler. Province of Aurora, on the basis of the ecological factors of SOILS and HYDROLOGY, and how these factors translate into development guidelines for the development of Reserva as an emerging activity hub of Baler, Aurora.
KEYWORDS resilient design reconstruction for disaster risk reduction Reserva Baler Province of Aurora
| 30
Session 4: Heritage Landscape Conservation Practices SECOND DAY | 1:15 - 3:00 PM |
Settlement in Resettlement: A Sustainable Community Masterplan for the Nomadic Aetas of Mt. Natib, Bataan Jose Antonio P. Bimbao jobimbao@gmail.com
Philippine Flora: The Online Compendium of Native Vines in the Philippines for Landscape Architecture Sharon S. Perion sharon.perion@gmail.com
Sustainable Drainage System Application as Preventive Solution to Erosion and Landslide in Terraced Landscape in the Philippines Avegail P. Casono avegailcasono@yahoo.com
33 |
S ES SI O N 4
//001
Settlement in Resettlement: A Sustainable Community Masterplan for the Nomadic Aetas of Mt. Natib, Bataan Jose Antonio P. Bimbao Cathe Desiree S. Nadal
Abstract
The communal mountain settlements of Aetas of Northern Luzon are visually distinct with its disorganized, semi-temporary land patterns. This spatial character is associated with the Aetas’ nomadic lifestyle, developed in their human-environment relationship that prioritizes food, health, clothing, and indigenous skills over shelter security. This research aimed to identify the nomadic paradigm of the Aeta community, understand the effects of the lifestyle values inherited from their elders and adapted from urbanized flatlands, and distinguish a countryside landscape plan that will solve the aggravated mountain character of a relocation site in Mount Natib Bataan, Philippines. Integral to the research was the identification of communal cluster typologies determined through analysis of historic data and site survey leading to an existing physical land-use pattern. Five clusters forming the existing land-use were identified. These clusters were considered units with land-use patterns detached from the environment bringing about land issues detrimental to the Aeta community’s distinct human-environment paradigm. In effect, the community continues to struggle to sustain their needs as it fails to adapt to their new environment and apply their nomadic roots. The solution provided a reconfiguration of the cluster typologies in a masterplan binding the Aeta community to the mountainside. Adaptation was achieved by providing landscape design interventions geared towards educating the community of their roots and raising their awareness of the distinct Mount Natib environment.
KEYWORDS Bataan Natural Park Magbukun Tribe Aetas Sitio Kanawan upland indigenous community
| 34
SE SS IO N 4
//002
Philippine Flora: The Online Compendium of Native Vines in the Philippines for Landscape Architecture Sharon Perion
Abstract
A tropical country, the Philippines is blessed with a diversity of natural resources. This brings great potential and advantage to the country’s landscape architecture because of an extraordinary wealth in planting materials. However, there are limited reference materials about native plants in the Philippines, making it a challenge to study native plants in the country. Especially understudied is the diversity of climbing plants, which this study aimed to address. Vine flora is considered as one of the dark areas in taxonomy due to limited studies and researches conducted on the plant group (Maningas 2007). The existing body of knowledge on Philippine flora appears to be abundant yet deficient in terms of plant groups and in terms of accessibility for landscape architecture, in particular when dealing with native vines. Here, the knowledge of, and level of awareness on, Philippine native vines was assessed; a list of species suitable for landscape architecture use and purposes based on measurable properties was compiled, and a user-friendly website on Philippine native vines was created and evaluated based on the quality of information, design and workability. Twenty-five (25) species of native vines were selected for landscape design based on 3 major criteria such as their availability, adaptability and aesthetics, with availability being the major consideration in the selection process. Even with high aesthetic value, their use in landscaping is highly dependent on their availability and adaptability. The study further showed that majority of the thirty (30) respondents such as the general public, landscape architecture students and landscape architects, were not aware of the indigenous and endemic vine species in the country. Fortunately, today, many have internet access and therefore, a website is a helpful platform from which to share information about native vines in the Philippines not only to Filipinos but also to the world.
KEYWORDS endemic indigenous native lanais and vines
35 |
S ES SI O N 4
//003
Sustainable Drainage System Application as Preventive Solution to Erosion and Landslide in Terraced Landscape in the Philippines Avegail Casono Nappy Navarra, PhD
Abstract
The current worldwide problem on climate change is compelling us to take action to prevent further damage to our heritage terraces. This paper proposes the introduction of Sustainable Urban Drainage System (SUDS) principles to the rural setting of the Batad Watershed Region as a failsafe strategy in anticipation of unprecedented storms in the future brought about by climate change. SUDS is a storm drainage system designed to minimize the potential impact of new or existing developments on the larger environment in terms of stormwater discharge. It mimics the natural systems by draining away stormwater from the Muyong (forest on top of the terraces) through collecting, storing and ďŹ ltering before releasing it back to the terraces. Water conservation is achieved via on-site storage (retention) or via groundwater recharge / controlled release of stormwater (detention). Once water is decided to be released it has to be clean. The introduction of SUDS to the Batad Watershed Region addresses the erosion problem of the Batad Rice Terraces. By determining the amount of rainfall in 2011 from the combined onslaught of typhoon Pedring (Nesat, int’l name) and Quiel (Nalgae) that caused heavy erosion and landslide in the terraces, it can be considered as the base data for the design and planning of the SUDS application to the site. The control comes in the form of comprehensive design of an open natural storm water system with series of canals, ditches, ponds and wetlands that will not only reduce the erosive effect of the ow of water along the terraces but will also create a beautiful, harmonious, supplementary support system to the long existing drainage system of the majestic Batad. All the introduced components shall be natural/local to the Batad site both in material and construction methods. This study will produce a masterplan supported by maps, models and relevant water run-off calculations.
KEYWORDS Sustainable Urban Drainage System (SUDS) Muyong erosion terraces surface water run-off
| 36