The Fritillary, December 1908

No 45.

December, 1908.

Contents.

PRIZE COMPETITIONS .

. 753

SHRINES IN A FRANCISCAN PILGRIMAGE AN APPEAL. .

754 .

• 756 OF BOOKS AND THEIR COVER-=':'7 ---'---

, --'--------,...-- --- --,---,..-,------, ---"----.- ----- -

INGS . .

CADBURY'S COMPORTING COCOA . . . r.

756 758

OXFORD STUDENTS' DEBAT,----,-

ING SOCIETY .

759 OXFORD STUDENTS' UNITED . 765 HOCKEY CLUB OXFORD STUDENTS' CENTRAL LAWN TENNIS CLUB . 766 OXFORD UNIVERSITY FABIAN . 766 - SOCIETY . . 767 LADY MARGARET' HALL . 768 SOMERVILLE COLLEGE .

-I

ST. HUGH'S HALL .

771 772

ST. HIL:DA's HALL SOCIETY OF OXFORD HOME -

.

STUDENTS

-

I caj.1_ ,Itlj -

-

Oxford; PRINTED FOR THE PROPRIETORS BY JAMES PARKE'' OZ CO., CROWN YARD.

- 774

Ebitor Miss GIFFORD, Lady Mirgaret Han.

treasurer Miss TALBOT, St. Hugh's Hall.

Committee Miss DREW, Lady Margaret Hall,

Miss BLAKE, Somerville College.

Miss GORTON, St. Hugh's .Hall.

Miss WEAVER, St. Hilda's- Hall.

Miss WATKINS, adord. Home-Students.

No. 40.

1908.

DECEMBER.

1Pri3e Competitions.

THE translation competition has again proved enormously popular, no fewer than ten entries having been received. The prize has been awarded to V. B. for her Song. Miss Crump's " Last Words of Ajax " and the " Farewell to Life" are commended.

No syllabus has been judged to deserve a prize.

The competitions for next term are :(r) A cram-book, in verse, for the use of amateur guides to Oxford.

(2) A criticism, not more than Boo words, of George Meredith's " The Egoist," or " Diana of the Crossways."

(3) A prize is also offered for the best completion of the following fragment of a melodrama.

Competitors must sketch the plot of the whole play, indicating acts and scenes, and write in full the crisis scene in which the lines occur :— " What of the child ?" " Milord, Ile shall be murdered to-night ! " " Ha ! And the Duke, Alphonso ? " " He is confined in the deepest dungeon. No one is allowed to see him, not even his mother." "'Tis well ! Then let the dance proceed

name of the author can only be conjectured.

A unique opportunity is thus offered to our readers of re-constructing a lost masterpiece.

%Nig. grief has passed,—and passeth after The lilt of Laughter And Hope's delight, There's heartsease yet for all her stinging, In lure of singing And lure of sight.

A face has radiance, sweeter, calmer, Unmasked of armour Unsought of foe.

And what more dear than Song can render ?

—Song ; faint and tender Loved long ago.

V. B. WHEN

the last Moths of Bing. (sopHocLEs.)

. . . .

The MS. of this fragment, much torn and charred, was recently discovered amidst the mouldering ruins of the ancient palace of the Escrigni at Granada. Internal evidence seems to point to its having formed part of a Spanish melodrama, probably of the fifteenth century, but no further details have been ascertained. The

AND thou, oh sun, rolling thy chariot wheels Through the steep heaven, when my father-land Thou shalt behold, draw in thy golden rein, And tell my evil fortune and my fate To the old man my father, and to her, Unhappy one, that reared me. As for thee, Poor Mother, when thou hearest of my death, I think the cry of thy great grief will ring Throughout the city. But it nought avails To utter vain laments ; I'll do the deed As quickly as I may.

And thou, oh Death, Come, Death, and coming look upon me now ;

754

THE

FRITILLARY.

Nay 'tis not long ere I shall dwell with thee, And then in Hades on thy name I'll call.

But thou, oh present light of glowing day, And thou, oh sun in chariot of gold, I greet you this last time and then no more.

Oh light, oh sacred soil of mine own land, My Salamis, seat of my father's hearth, And thou, oh Athens, city of renown, The mother of a race akin to mine, And springs, and rivers here, and plain of Troy, That late have nursed me, greeting and farewell.

Now for the last time do ye hear my words ; Henceforth I speak in Hades with the dead.

farewell to 'Life.

Now burns my wound, and palid lips are dumb.

By the dull throbbing of my heart I know The utmost limit of my life is come.

Lord, if Thou will'st it, be it even so !

As 'twere a golden vision floats around me, Dream-picture, fading at my dying cry.

But courage ! courage I Though death's shade surround me, Truth which in my heart can never die, And what in life I held as pure and holy, For which I rashly burnt in my hot youth, Freedom and love, stand now before me wholly, A glittering seraph in the light of truth.

And as my senses slowly fail, a breath Bears me to morning heights, where is no death.

%brines in a franciscan 'Pilgrimage.

THE footsteps of St. Francis have lately been traced with such reverent care and, by so skilled a hand, that it seems bold to add even one word more. Yet to many, San Damiano, La Verna, San Francesco, are still but names, and even such a slight description as the following may help to make them more real.

Many have been to Assisi, but all have not

been to La Verna ; and yet, on that same holy Mount, is the connecting link between the tiny church of San Damiano and the splendid pile of San Francesco, for between the first hesitating submission to the will of God, and the final hardlywon rest in Him, comes the moment where the spirit of the saint merges so completely into that of his Master, that they become entirely one ; or, as the Fioretti put it, "he was altogether transformed into Jesu through love and pity."

Let me take you then to these three places in succession, and first to San Damian, to me the dearest and most significant of all. The other two speak of wonder, of glory, the last even of popularity—but this, of the bitterness and the hard questionings of an early struggle.

From the Porta Nuova at AsSisi you can see far over the country, from the sides of Monte Subasio on the left to the hill towns on- the right. Below you, the road turns downhill through an olive grove to the tiny church of San Damiano, and here we walked twice, in the evening just as the brilliance of the sun was lading, and the wonderful sunset light was growing pink on the mountain. San Damian° is a monastery now, but it was here that St. Francis placed St. Clare soon after she took refuge with him, that she might found here the first convent of the Poor Clares. Here also it was, that in still earlier days, he used himself to come and pray with such agonising earnestness, when the pleasures of his gay young life were beginning to pall, and its greater purpose had not dawned.

To me it speaks more of that time than of anything else. There is much there, besides, to charm. A very young friar took us round, and shewed us a tiny garden ..where St. Clare used to walk, and her oratory, and allowed us to peep through a window into a long, low, dark refectory, the very same place in which she received the Pope. He drew' aside also the curtain which hides the wonderful crucifix of Innocent of Palermo, with its face of agony, love, and death. But to me it is worth more than all this, to sit within the little courtyard when the evening service is going on, and read-

THE FRITILLARY. ing over the doorway the inscription written there, " Francis, go and build my church which is fallen down," to look into the darkness of the little building, and remember that this is the same place, the same in its simplicity and its unadorned bareness, and even actually the same four walls as those which the young Francis Bernadone began, on the morrow of his dream, to restore with his own hands. Here the light dawned at last, and shewed him the path along which he was to walk in such loving diligence to the end.

At La Verna the atmosphere is very different.

There we plunge into the very heart of Franciscanism as a system, but into that branch of it taught by St. Francis, in contrast to that we shall see later in San Francesco, and which belongs to Elias. La Verna is in the valley where the Arno rises, known as the Casentino. It was given to Francis by a wealthy gentleman of Tuscany, by name Orlando da Chiusi, " who belonged to the great Guidi family whose doings kept the whole of the Casentino in terror for two centuries."

Orlando heard Francis preach in the courtyard of the Castle of Montefeltro, and being " touched in the heart by God . . . .set forth unto him fully the state of his soul. And at the end, Orlando said to St. Francis : I have a mountain in Tuscany, most proper for devotion, the which is called the Mount of Alvernia ; . . . .if it should please thee, right willingly would I give it to thee and thy companions for the salvation of my soul.' . . . .So' they accepted in the name of God and took possession of the Mount."

It is hard to imagine a more fitting place for a monastery than La Verna. For miles round, it stands up, a stern, forbidding crag, where every other mountain is smooth-topped, and seems, by its very nature, to hold itself aloof from the world. The way there is long and steep, and winds through woods of rather stunted, poorly growing trees. We are not surprised to read of the joy of the peasant at the " fair spring" which gushed from the rock in answer to the prayer of St. Francis, when the little company were toiling up the mountain to keep the forty days' fast in September. Just beyond this spot

755

is the Cappella degli Uccelli, where he preached to the birds; then the stiffest climb of all, and we enter, under an archway, the courtyard, and see the Chiesa Maggiore to our right, and beyond it, the long covered passage, leading to the holiest of all Franciscan shrines, the Chapel of the Stigmata ;while on the left, the valley lies atour feet, and behind and on all sides of it, the circle of the Apennines.

The memory of St. Francis is kept wonderfully alive and vivid here. All round us are spots connected with his memory, each one covered with a chapel, but at least thus preserved from the too eager hands of the faithful. Our cheerful guide, a sturdy Breton friar, shewed them to us with a touching mixture of child-like simplicity, and practical common sense. The place has a marvellous natural formation, and is indeed, in its loneliness and grandeur, the very mountain on which to see visions and dream dreams. We saw the extraordinary cleft in the rock which St. Francis believed to have been, at the time of the Passion, his hard rock-bed, the sheer precipice down which the devil tried to fling him, and his cell, where on a slab of stone were written the words, "Here Christ used to talk with Francis as with a familiar friend."

At two o'clock, Brother Samuel left us at the door of the Chiesa Maggiore. The moment of the day approached ; and presently out of the church the procession of chanting friars emerged, headed by one carrying a crucifix. We followed as they streamed in two long lines down the passage, and into the Chapel of the Stigmata. The brown habits, the rope girdles, the bare sandalled feet, the solemn repeated litany, bore us strangely far away from the twentieth century. There, on La Verna, once every day, and once every night, while the rest of the world hums and buzzes below, do the friars pray around the hallowed place on the rock where St. Francis knelt when he saw that vision of unspeakable pain and most ineffable joy which, however we may differ as to its manner of appearing, we cannot doubt that he did see.

And, lastly, what of San Francesco ? Is it possible that in that building of great glory

756

THE FRITILLARY.

there lies the answer to the antagonistic attitude In appeal. which the men of the later Middle Ages, at any (" A lying timekeeper is an abomination and should not be rate in England, took towards the Franciscans. tolerated."—Sir John Cockburn in The Times.)

Contrast San Damian° and La Verna with San Francesco, and then remember the scathing words IN every path in life, 'tis said, of Chaucer and Langland on the friars. Certain The wisest man is he it is that the great monastery and church have Who always is ahead of time, nothing of the true Franciscan simplicity about As all the world may see. them, and we fancy that St. Francis would have By him no trains are ever lost, been happier could he have rested in the tiny No documents mislaid. chapel of the Portioncula at the foot of the hill.

No crisis ever finds him lax, And yet, what a magnificent building it is !

Nor flustered and dismayed.

Set like a fortress on the side of Monte Subasio, Such worth in fiction's moral page it dominates the road from Perugia to Assisi, and Its own reward doth bring. he who travels along that road wonders at the The errand-boy, perchance, may live immense height of the arches which support its To die a merchant king. cloisters and reach far down the hill. But from the other side the marvel of it is equally great.

But if, by fate, you are a clock From the balcony of the Hotel Subasio you can 'Tis otherwise you'll find ; see it in all its splendour ; the long sunny piazza Your very efforts to surpass with its cloistered and arcaded sides, and beyond Cause you to be maligned. the great pile of buildings—no other word exThe precious moments that are won presses it—the Lower Church, the Upper Church, By dint of labour sore, and the square campanile, all dearer perhaps to No mean of praise or glory earns the Northern eye because they are Gothic, with But means abuse in store. none of that luxuriant marble decoration which adorns most of the Italian cathedrals.

So.if, by hap, you have a wish But if its exterior appeals to us in particular, Midst wordy wars to shine, its interior is equally precious to the whole world, And seek a cause as battlefield, as holding the paintings of that master through I pray you turn to mine. whose eyes we see the life, the manners, the For all can see this surely is gaiety, the simple directness of the early Middle As wrong as wrong can be : Ages, as clearly as we see its ideals in the figure In men, time gained is virtue deemed, of_St. Francis. Hardly an inch of the walls of In clocks, mendacity. the Lower Church is left unadorned ; what Giotto E. C. W. has not covered, on that Simone Martini, Lorenzetti and many others have expended their labour, so that the building, though low and dark and crypt-like, is yet all glorious,within. And there, surrounded thus by all the beauty that the heart of man could devise, he lies, whose mistress was the Lady Poverty.

Of 13oo1s ant) tbeir Coverings., ALICE M. MILWARD. " CHERRIES be fulsome when they be full ripe, because they be plentie, and bookes be stale when they be printed, in that they be common." In this Master Lyly the Euphuist was a heretic, and if you share his errors, you

THE FRITILLARY. will not care what becomes of your books, when once you have read them, and a cover of boards or brown-paper will suffice you. But if you ,are a true lover, as was a former Clerk of Oxenford, you will care to have them fitly housed and seemly clothed. A while ago, and too often now also, the multitude of readers tossed their book aside for some new thing, when it had yielded them its first idea : only a few, like Charles Lamb, loved books for their own sake, and to him they told their secrets. Faint echoes from past days tell us of the reverence of even the unlettered. We seem to see King Malcolm of Scotland stealing away St. Margaret's books, one by one, that he might have them re-bound for her in the costliest fashion he could devise.

There have been three main ways of binding books : in time-honoured leather, in wrought silk or velvet, and now, of late years, in plain cloth.

Once we were famous in England for our leatherwork ; the Bible which the monks of Durham bound for Bishop Hugh le Puiset was thought a marvel of the art of stamping. Its contemporary in the Bodleian bears this out, considering that each pattern was stamped by a separate die. Since the art of tooling in gold was brought from France (in 154o), books have been fair indeed. Master Thomas Berthelet bound for King Henry VIII. a New Testament and Psalter " englysshe and latyne in white leather gorgeously gilted," and all for " four shillingS." Down to Roger Payne's day the art flourished, then decayed, but now, happily, with the Daniel and the Kelmscott Presses to inspire the manner of printing, it is beginning to revive. You will say that such work costs many pennies. True, but " it is better for thee to have thy Studie full of bookes, than thy pursse full of money." Yet, if need be, there is no more honourable covering for a good book than one that can be wrought with the needle. Does not King Henry's " massebook of tawny vellat with copper claspes " conjure up a fair vision ? Much loving thought, too, was stitched into the beautiful volume of the Gospels, which Mary Colet of Little Gidding wrought for Charles I., and which drew from him the exclamation, " Happy the King who bath such

757

men and women in his realm ! God bless their hearts and painful hands." In our own day, Mrs. Walter Crane has set a brilliant example of what may he done for worked book-coverings.

For those who have a little money, but less time, much may be done by increasing the demand for really good designs in cloth for ordinary books. Since the day—some five - and - twenty years ago—when the Leisure-Hour adopted a simple dress of cool " linen-duster," with a spider in its web in one corner, both artists and inks have developed apace. In America authors often design their own covers to ensure harmony with the contents. It is an art in which women are greatly excelling, as some recent designs for the National Exhibition at Kensington testify.

Also Mr. Housman and Mr. Selwyn Image have done elaborate work for editions de luxe, and for ordinary daily-read classics Mr. Talwyn Morris has designed some most cleverly effective covers, simple in treatment, but distinctive, through the contrast of shades and colours. That is the art, to tell something, but not all of what is in it. You do not need, for instance, to imitate the sub-title of one of Coryat's books, which runs " Coryat's crudities Hastily gobled up in five Moneths trauells in France, Savoy, Rhetia . . . .; newly digested in the hungry aire of Odcombe in the County of Somerset, and now dispersed to the nourishment of travelling members of this Kingdome !" You need only to suggest by the design whether the work is grave or gay, with perhaps a subtle hint as to the Characters, in the combination of colours.

A more time-honoured method was to present the books as relative to yourself. In thick leather bindings, where the device must be limited by the tools you can use, heraldic Of emblematic designs were easier to manage. In France especially, book-collectors clothed their treasures in their own livery : Francis I. had his F and his salamander, Louis XII. had his bristling porcupine, with sometimes the girdle of Anne of Brittany twined in the border. The famous book-lover Grolier, the friend of Aldus, scholar-printer of Venice, shewed a very liberal spirit. His legend ran " Jo. Grolierii et Ami-

758

THE FRITILLARY.

corum," with a different emblem for different periods of his life.

But whatever form of beautification you adopt, spew that the treasure is yours, and your heart is in it.

C. R. E. B.

If you think to sit dumb When deciding to come To this friendly nocturnal libation, Your hopes will be foiled, For the milk hasn't boiled, And you have to supply conversation.

You praise all the books And the odd little nooks, And the bed to a sofa converted, But gollywogs yet You explain you can't pet Though you own that your tastes are perverted.

Cabburp's Comforting Cocoa.

WE be ''freshers," and all Lady Margaret Hall Are delighted to hail as our college, And in twenty odd days Of its customs and ways We've obtained, I believe, a fair knowledge.

Let me add in a hurry, The customs don t worry, Acquaintance with them is not vital, But each I suppose Has her own set of woes Which will make but a dreary recital.

Pray hear what the case is : Of sixty new faces To recognise one is no joke-oh !

When out of the same You've forgotten the name Of the person who's asked you to cocoa.

However, at ten, You creep out of your den And go scudding as if something horrid or Fearful came pouncing Upon you announcing Yourself at a room in the corridor.

With a piteous grin You receive the "come in," With its cheery and upward inflexion, And you sit in a chair And you greet with a stare Other freshers—a mighty collection.

When the cocoa you've got, And you've swallowed it hot, With an effort your terror to smother, Still warm with the drink You remark as you slink From the room, that you're off to another.

You know you have lacked Both politeness and tact, Which virtues fear holds like a fetter ; But you set off once more To confront a new door, And determine to try and do better.

You summon a smile (Though it takes a long while) And a manner that means to be hearty, Then enter thus masked Where you havn't been asked, And you join a select little party.

You note the surprise That is veiled in their eyes, And you sit there as pale as a ghostess ; You drink and you eat, Till worn out but replete You exchange a good-night with your hostess.

And for cup full and plate full At night you lie grateful To those who in amici loco Have stood, and your dreams Are revealed through rich streams Of the Comforting Cadbury Cocoa.

BY ONE WHO KNOWS.

THE FRITILLARY.

759

The parties within the House are three great crowds. The whole power lies with the CabiTHE last meeting of the Summer Term was net. held on June 16th.

So long as the present Government refrains from attacking the House of Lords it can do President—Miss BELL (L.M.H.). no great harm.

Secretary—Miss BICKMORE (S.H.H.).

Let the Tories wait till they are sure of power.

Junior Treasurer—Miss DAVIES - COLLEY An appeal to the country is not justified by (L. M. H.). financial affairs. The whole world is in a bad The Minutes were read and objected to. state for money. An immediate General ElecMiss ROOKE (L.M.H., Ex-Pres.) then brought tion might mean a financial smash for Britain. forward a Motion concerning the typing of Rules, The Hon. Opposer noted that the Hon. Mover which after much discussion was passed in the had not defended the present Government as amended form that copies of the Rules be printed. a Government, but merely as a harmless stopMuch agitated private business followed. gap, The Liberal Government was one only of The Motion before the House was : " That great beginnings. That- was the most serious any sudden collapse of the Liberal Government charge to be laid against it. It came in on an at the present moment would be a national unprecedented majority with a display of firedisaster." works. There were great promises there was to be a new HeaVen and a new Earth.

Mover—Miss BICKMORE (S.H.H., Sec.).

Measures were taken up only to be dropped.

Opposer—Miss HOCKIN (S.C.).

Witness the Education Bills.

3rd Speaker—Miss D u RNFORD (L. M H .).

The Government asked for advice but did 4th Speaker—Miss WILLS-SANDFORD (O. H.S., nothing—brought in two measures, but hesiEx-See.) tated-.

The Hon. Mover apologised for her support It mischievously took up, and forgot again, of the Liberal Government at the present time in that she herself was no Liberal but a good a Crusade against the House of Lords—it has played with the question of Women's Suffrage.

Unionist.

It would be suicidal to stop the slow but sure The Licensing Bill over-reaches itself and is recovery of the country, which was shown by insufficient as a Temperance Measure. The Bill for Old Age Pensions is dangerous, dethe Bye-Elections, and to go to the country on no clear issue. The fit of madness or hysterics moralising and inadequate.

A Government which can bring forward such which seized the country two years ago might measures is not incapable of harm. It is fickle appear again in a worse form. A Socialist Labour Administration would be the greatest disaster and superficial and has failed in its trust.

The tone of the country does not warrant the possible.

Hon. Mover's assertion that a Socialist-Labour The British nation has not yet recovered from the shock to its nervous system sustained Government would be the result of a General during the South African War. The last General Election—N.W. Manchester was an anti-Socialist Election was a result of that shock. That Elec- victory. The people would more readily commit tion shewed the chanL e in the nature of our themselves to a Tory Government. As to the method of representative government, and is financial crisis—the result of American failure a proof that the supposed educative value of the of a few years ago—that is slowly working off; vote has not yet taken effect. All parties appeal the present Government is more likely to increase alike, not to the intelligence of the individual =than to overcome it.

Bye-Elections bear witness to the fact that elector, but to the feelings of a crowd of such the Liberal.Government has failed in its trust. electors. The stability of a crowd is renowned !

Ogforb Stubents' 1Debating Zociety2.

,

.

:

760

THE FRITILLARY.

The Third Speaker spoke of the disastrous effect of long and unbalanced power. For zo years on and off the Tory party had been in power, and the country had got into a groove.

The nation awoke from its lethargy at the last General Election. A glance at the vitality of the present Government will show that its decision was right. The Liberals act boldly—the Tories took expediency and moderation as their motto.

There is at present a feeling that the present Government moves in the right direction, but is rushing to extremes : the same feeling would be experienced by most of us if we were suddenly transported to Utopia.

It is under the auspices of the Liberal Government that labour has taken its rightful place in the seat of legislation—it is important that the Socialist and Labour party should not be driven to bay.

Finally, stagnation is the bugbear we have to fear. The keenness of political contests all over the country, combined with the new life infused into the legislation, prove the health of the present Government and confirm us in thinking that its sudden collapse would be a national disaster.

It was a pity that the Third Speaker could not be heard.

The Fourth Speaker had sufficient faith in her own party to think that it would get in and have a sound constructive policy to put before the nation.

A sound Tariff Reform policy is before us.

The Colonies shall be better treated. The debates on the Education question show that the Conservatives are the only ones to carry through reform. A necessary and important reform will be the re-distribution of seats. All Liberal Governments disturb the country in finance.

Miss SCOTT (L.M.H.) opposed a remark of the Third Speaker's.

Miss BAYNES (S.H.H.) said that N.W. Manchester was not a defeat of all Socialists.

Miss SEGAR (O.H.S.) and the Fourth Speaker disagreed concerning the position of the Irish Nationalists.

Miss DESSIN (S.C., Ex - Sec.) protested that

there was no Socialist Party, and that therefore Mr. Irvine's candidature was no augury.

Miss RYLE (S.C.) approved of the Motion from every point of view. A Conservative Government would be a negative, a Socialist a positive evil. Tariff Reform would ruin the whole world.

Miss Ryle said that she was an ardent Women's Suffragist, but did not consider that the Government was unfair to a cause upon which it had not come in. An appeal must be made to the country before such a reform. Old Age Pensions were bound to come, Mr. Chamberlain also had promised them. The financial crisis was a very " sluggish crisis," and was no fault of the present Government.

Miss LEWIS (S.C.) said the Unionist Majority had been increasing since 1906.

Miss SNOW (S.C.) remarked that it was not then in existence.

For the Motion, 17 ; Against, 16.

Michaelmas Term, 1908.

President – Miss BRAMELD (S.Hil.H.).

Secretary—Miss SCOTT (L.M.H.).

Junior-Treasurer—Miss STOCKS (L.M.H.).

October 2 oth.—The motion before the House

was—" That this House condemns the action of the Government in introducing measures for the reform of the Army rather than of the Navy."

Miss COOKE (S.1-111.H.) drew attention to the difficulty of the subject and appealed for an open mind in her hearers. She treated the subject under four heads. r. The condition of the Navy. Much is said of the wonderful efficiency of our Navy, especially in past ages, e.g., the time of the Armada and the Napoleonic Wars ; but " unhappy is the nation that relies for its security on its past history." As a matter of fact the Navy is less adequate now than it has ever been, owing to the expansion of the Empire which gives us more to protect, and the development of the naval power of other nations. z. Ways in which the Navy might be reformed.

The training of officers is becoming increasingly

THE FRITILLARY. theoretical, scholastic training and examinations are not a sufficient preparation ; sea experience is essential. The ships too are considered more important than the men. Too much stress is laid upon speed and protection, too little upon power and tactical skill.

3. The policy of the Government. Not only does the Government neglect to reform the Navy, but it is carrying out dangerous measures. It is reducing the size of the navy and the number of naval bases, the latter most essential for the protection of the fleet, merely in order to carry out the policy of economy to which it has pledged itself.

4. The importance of the Navy. The question of war with Germany, though somewhat hackneyed, is none the less important. The object of Germany in attacking us could only be the destruction of our navy in order to destroy our trade.

With our navy once crushed, food supplies and raw materials for manufacture would be cut off, and England would be ruined. " A thousand years scarce serve to form a state, An hour may lay it in the dust."

We must have a navy which will reduce the risk of naval reverses to a minimum, and to this end it must be larger, efficient and costly.

The Hon. Mover concluded by expressing her strong conviction that the efficiency of the navy is of the greatest moment, and that to neglect or reduce it is a policy very dangerous to England.

Miss GIFFORD (L.M.H.) opposed the motion on two main grounds. 1. That the navy is not in need of reform. 2. That, if it were, the Liberal Government is not fit to reform it.

The ,British navy is acknowledged by all the world to be thoroughly efficient, while our army has been proved not to be so by the Boer War. The navy is always on a war-footing and can be ready for action in half an hour, while the army has no striking force. The navy is much more popular than the army, and can command any number of men, with the result that the standard of efficiency is being raised.

The Government, with its policy of economy, is not fit to reform the navy. A hundred and 3

761

forty-four members of Parliament are pledged not to do anything for the navy on account of social questions, though Mr. McKenna insists on the necessity of maintaining a strong navy. In answer to the Hon. Mover's objection to the theoretical nature of training, the Hon. Opposer declared that this was necessary and that the practical side was not neglected.

Miss SEGAR (O.H.S.) pleaded that it is surely permissible to blame the Government for being incapable.

The forces of mobilisation in the navy are not great enough ; Germany is making the pace and we must keep up. Miss Segar then drew a touching picture of the desolation and misery of Liverpool, which never even sees a battleship.

Miss B. MOBERLEY (S.H.H.) treated the question of the Army. It is apt to be unduly neglected ; there is not the same enthusiastic feeling about it as about the navy.

Mr. Haldane's schemes point to a need for reform which is to be seen in several points. The number of recruits is decreasing ; the training is obviously inefficient both as to the gaining of information, the lack of which in the Boer War was fatal, and as to scouting ; and there is a serious defect in the way in which the vast amount of money expended on the army is used, in spite of the huge sums granted by the nation. There are any number of regiments in which an officer cannot live on his pay, to a great extent because the standard of luxury is a great deal higher than it ought to be among men who are supposed to be capable of enduring the greatest hardships.

The navy may need reform, but undoubtedly the army needs it more.

In public discussion Miss HADOW (L.M.H., ExPres.), after avowing a total lack of expert knowledge of either army or navy, coupled with, she hoped, the possession of an open mind, attacked two points in the speech of the Hon. Mover. The latter had mentioned that at some period in her history England had been the only sea-power in the world. When ?

Again she declared with regret that our navy is only just able to outnumber the combined fleets of France and Russia, What standard would she

76 2

THE FRITILLARY.

set before us ? Is England to have a navy large enough to outnumber the combined fleets of the whole world ? The army is in greater need of reform than the navy—old army men are for the most part useless, not so navy men ; the one force turns out unemployables, the other a body of useful citizens, therefore it is the former that needs reform.

The Hon. Member comforted the third speaker as to the defenceless state of Liverpool by pointing out that war would have to be declared before hostile ships would descend upon it, and before that something might be done for its protection.

She also pointed out that the one brilliant achievement of the Boer War was carried out by the crew of one battleship with 4-inch guns. What might not be done with 12-inch weapons ?

Mrs. SIVEWRIGHT (L.M.H.) protested against the tinkering of the navy. She poised out the excellent effects of discipline, the learning of a trade, and the long term of service, also that the short service which had been introduced as a reform in the army had ruined it, and would if admitted in the navy ruin it also. She alluded to the " unwritten law " of the navy, its glorious traditions, and declared that everything depends on the men.

Miss OTTLEY (S.H.H.), asked for patience that the working of the reform carried out six years ago in the training of cadets may be observed.

Mrs. SIVEWRIGHT (L.M.H.), replied that the scheme had been tried in America and proved a dismal failure.

Miss DONCASTER (S.Hil.H.) introduced an entirely new view of the subject by stating that the only genuine way of reforming both army and navy was by abolishing them. War is a pernicious custom, and it is no use expecting universal peace while every nation is adding to its forces. Someone must begin, or disarmament will never take place.

Miss LEVETT (L.M.H., Ex-Pres.) protested against the reduction of the navy by the Liberal Government to " suit 144 cranks."

There also spoke Miss SINCLAIR (L.M.H.), Miss DOBBS (S.H.H.), Miss MILNES (S.Hil.H.), Miss WINTER (S.Hil.H.), Miss BICKMORE

(S.H.H.). An animated and well-contested discussion, tending towards the end to become somewhat " scrappy," but maintained on the whole with great interest and enthusiasm.

We were sorry to hear no criticism of Mr. Haldane's army schemes, but the interest taken in the navy was such as to overshadow the question of the army, in spite of the appeal for interest in it made by the Fourth Speaker, who made the very best possible use of the limited time at her disposal. We hope very shortly to hear Miss B. Moberley at greater length.

November 3rd.—THE motion before the House was----" That universal toleration is a greater bar to progress than extreme intolerance."

Miss MEIKLE (S.C.) in moving, declared that she was not about to defend or attack either toleration or intolerance in themselves, but their respective effects with regard to progress.

Ideas ripen best wh-n subjected to opposition ; every great movement has been matured through persecution. "The blood of the martyrs" is indeed " the seed of the Church."

It is not intolerance but indifference that is to be feared. Real toleration is sympathetic understanding, but there is a spurious toleration whose delight is in modern plays, which treats heresies with complacency as interesting, while it cannot endure the commonplaceness of orthodoxy.

It -is very easy to sit on the hedge and look out on both sides with overflowing good-nature, but it is also singularly ineffective. Strong conviction renders it almost impossible to listen with equanimity to any other point of view, it is apt to shake our faith in our own. The fanatic attains his end because he sees nothing else, he would never make what G. K. Chesterton calls the "frantic and blasphemous admission that he may be wrong." Only one side can be right, therefore it is waste of time to consider another.

Miss DOBBS (S.H.H.) declared that even supposing that toleration had done little good in the past, the time had now come when it was necessary.

She then considered the necessity of toleration with regard to law, morality and politics,

THE FRITILLARY. In the beginning consanguinity was the only bond of social union, next developed the tribe looking to the chief as its head ; in both these states of society law was represented by custom, but when land became the basis of social relations and with growing centralisation the State came to wield greater authority, ethics and government which before were blended together, became separated, The basis of morality is man's duty to his Creator to live a moral life, and to his fellow-man, not as a member of a political community but as a human being.

The basis of civil duty is the protection of the life and property of the individual.

The central principle of each is in morality spirituality of mind, in politics patriotism.

All authority is determined by the relationship out of which it arises. The moral transcends the civil because it is individual, the civil law must punish crime without taking into account individual motives.

Truth can stand alone, and what right have men, fallible as they are and knowing not what truth is, to attack, persecute, and decry the opinions of others ? Hobbes is the only logical persecutor.

Universal toleration resulting in religion in a Church of the spiritually-minded and in politics in a State based upon patriotism, is the only means by which truth can triumph.

Miss AUSTIN (L.M.H.) attacked the principle of universal toleration with great vigour.

Are we to hold that nothing is intolerable ? Is the principle of "laissez faire" to be valid in all cases ? It is better for a man to hold a wrong opinion strongly than not to hold one at all.

Rather let the State interfere in everything than in nothing. It is better to object fiercely to wrong than to let ft endure and grow without remonstrance.

Human nature is not yet ready for universal toleration.

Miss EASTON (S.Hil.H.) held that- bigotry and party violence could not be said to be greater incentives to progress than toleration.

The contempt which is poured upon toleration

763

is due to its being regarded as indifference, but genuine toleration is a very different thing. The abuse - of a thing is no argument against the use of it. To escape counterfeit toleration there is no need to go• back to intolerance. Intolerance is a refusal to open one's eyes to the other side of the question, while genuine toleration is the outcome of strong convictions and an open mind.

In public discussion Miss SEGA.a. (O.H.S.) said that progress must mean action, and universal toleration would make action impossible. In the individual the question is perhaps not so important, but what would be the use of governing bodies,—Corporations, Parliament, &c.—if they did not lay down definite rules ?

Miss HASLAM (S.Hil.H.) attacked the sentimental enthusiasm of the Opposer, and declared universal toleration to be impracticable. A whole nation would never agree, so someone's opinion must go to the wall.

Miss UPCOTT (S.C.) drew attention to the value of intolerance in great movements ; the men who have regenerated society have often been bigotted and narrow-minded.

There also spoke Miss LYNDSAY (S.H.H.), Miss WINTER (S. Hil. H. ), Miss PAXTON (O.H.S.), Miss WATKINS (O.H.S.), Miss DONCASTER (S.Hii. HO, MISS SWINBURNE (O.H.S.).

A disappointing debate, very little fresh light being thrown on the motion in public discussion.

There is, we imagine, a tendency among members to think that on a " general " motion inspiration will come at the moment without any previous reflection—a theory without much support in practice. .

November r7th.—THE motion before the House was—" That this House advocates the development of nationality as exemplified in Bulgaria."

Miss LEVETT (L.M.H., ex-Pres.) refused to champion the cause of all oppressed nations throughout the world, but proposed to deal only with Bulgaria, and here only with the political aspect of the development of Bulgarian nationality and the results likely to occur if it is recognized.

It is first of all necessary in considering this motion to bear in mind the geographical situation of -

764

THE FRITILLARY.

the Balkan Peninsula, and to remember that Macedonia, with its medley of races, is the centre of the whole trouble. The history of Bulgaria did not begin with the Treaty of Berlin. In the fifth century there came from the plains of Central Asia a race which conquered the Slav population of Bulgaria and became the ruling class. Seven centuries after this, Bulgaria was a great governing power, twice it was a great empire, while its Church always maintained its independence by keeping a balance between Constantinople and Rome, definitely throwing in its lot with neither. With the conquest of Bulgaria by the Turks its nationality seems to have been submerged, but in the monasteries and towns where existed crafts-guilds like those of Western Europe, national feeling still survived.

In 1782 came the beginning of the awakening of this slumbering spirit ; with the impulse of the ideas of the French Revolution, the national language and literature of Bulgaria woke to life, and since that time education has been the great aim of the Bulgarian nationalist—patriot and schoolmaster are one.

The Treaty of Berlin offered no permanent solution of the difficulties in the Balkan Peninsula, and was a mistake in that it did not allow for the rallying power of the Bulgarians.

The character of the Bulgarians is such as to hold out every hope of their becoming a strong nation—they have every solid quality which goes to ensure political stability ; they are in fact by past history, geographical position, and character, fitted to become a powerful nation.

With regard to the reproach cast upon Bulgaria for the lack of generosity and good faith which it has shown in seizing upon the particular moment at which it declared its independence, it must be remembered that Bulgaria owed absolutely nothing to any European nation ; it was never anything but a passive party to the Treaty of Berlin, and it was obliged in its struggle for independence to seize the most favourable moment.

Miss PURDON (O.H.S.) drew attention to the two aspects of the motion, the one purely political referring to Bulgaria alone, the other, general

treating of nationalities as a whole ; the latter she regarded as fundamental, the former depending upon it, therefore in proving her point as to the one she would effectually demolish the other.

The whole national system is a relic of barbarism; if we were civilized we should check nationality instead of aggravating it.

The primitive man whose hand was against every man and every man's hand against him, collected his wives and children and built a wall around himself and them for protection, and thus arose by gradual growth the city, the kingdom, at last the Empire. But this is not the end ; in the list stage the wall will be gone, because it will no longer be needed. Universal brotherhood is a practical ideal. Socialism will, sooner or later, in one form or another, have to be accepted.

We have not yet the machinery for governing a world-state. Yet at this moment one-third of the world is coloured red ; if the remaining twothirds had but two colours we should be very near the ideal. To bring this about small states must amalgamate with the large empire. Such an arrangement is to their mutual advantage and makes for progress and peace. For this end the mistaken virtue of patriotism—" the self-love of the State "—must be rooted out in favour of the larger love of humanity.

Bulgaria is pursuing a mistaken and retrograde course, and should seek instead to bind herself more closely to the other states.

The Hon. Opposer concluded an energetic and rousing speech with a forcible picture of the grovelling attitude of the Hon. Mover and her supporters as compared with the lofty outlook of the opposers of the motion, as, standing upon the mountain heights, they watched from afar the gathering of the nations into one glorious whole.

Miss MILNES (S.Hil.H.) warned her audience against the idea that the annexation of the Bulgarian railways had anything to do with the assertion of independence. She also protested against one nation's including another in a treaty without that other's free-will, and pointed out the

THE FRITILLARV. stifling effect of the Treaty of Berlin on national growth. Bulgaria as a nation has grown enormously during the last thirty years, and it must either continue to grow or die.

Miss NANSON (S.C.) protested against the violation of the Treaty of Berlin. What would have happened to Bulgaria if it had not been included ?

International law must be strictly observed, its violation even by a small state might lead to very serious results. The action of Bulgaria has done much harm to the "Young Turkey" movement, and injured the Pan-Slav union.

Miss CUTHBERT (S. C., ex-Pres.) quoted G. K. Chesterton (is it possible that G. K. C. is usurping the once-undisputed place of Aristotle in our discussions ?)—" Not because Rome was great, men loved her, but because men loved her, she was great ;" this is the root-principle of nationality.

Nationality was not an instinct of primitive man, it arose in the 17th century when great empires had failed to satisfy the needs of the world. The spirit of nationality is progress, and through it alone will men reach the ideal state of the "brotherhood of man, the federation of the world."

Miss JAmrsoN (L.M.H.) admired the Hon. Opposer for strenuously holding the mountain-top of principle, but suggested that even the most devoted mountaineer must descend sometimes into the plains and valleys where men live and work.

The Hon. Opposer holds nationality to be despicable in the abstract, therefore all nationality is despicable. But who is to work out the salvation of Bulgaria ? Turkey, Russia, and Austria are all unfitted for the task.

Miss BELL (L.M.H., ex-Pres.) pointed out that Bulgaria has an obligation to the other Powers concerned in the Treaty of Berlin--the obligation of the weaker to the stronger for protection.

Even a small state has an obligation to assist in preserving the peace of Europe.

There also spoke Miss SAUNDERS (L.M.H.), Miss AUSTIN (L.M.H.), Miss PARSONS (S.Hil.H.), Miss VEITCH (S.Hil.H.), Miss KEELING (S.H.H.).

The Hon. Mover in summing up laid stress on the point that it is impossible to expect a small

65

and struggling nation to be grateful for a treaty which took away its chances of development.

On a division there voted for the motion 57, against, 12.

The best debate at which we have ever been present ; the high level set by the two first speakers was maintained throughout, and debating speeches were made both sound and witty. Why can it not be ever thus ? or at least why is it not ?

Ogforb Stubents' taniteb lbochey Club.

Captain—G. CREIGHTON (L.M.H.).

Hon. Secretary—H. WALTON (S.C.).

LAST term a meeting of the 1st XI.'s who had played in the cup-matches of the season 1907-8, was called by the captain at Lady Margaret Hall, and a constitution for the 0.S.U.H.C. was submitted to the Club, and passed, which has since been circulated among the various bodies of students. The most important step taken was the forming of a Selection Committee, representative of the four teams which compete in the cup-matches, with a fifth member, not a student, to be co-opted.

Practices began in the fourth week, and have continued regularly. There is some good material, and the united team ought to be strong this year.

There seem to be few really good halves, but Miss Maclean is a brilliant centre-half, and Miss Pantin is promising. The captain hopes that all who play in the practices realise it is only by really sound combination, which means hard work at the practices, that we can hold our own against strong teams such as Cambridge.

The matches arranged for this -season are :— Nov. 28th v. Birmingham, Liverpool, and Manchester Students United.

Jan. 15th v. London United Colleges.

Feb. 27th v. Surrey II. March lrth V. Wycombe Abbey School I. 16th v. Cambridge Combined.

766

THE FRITILLARY.

O.S. U. H.C. v. Birmingham, Liverpool, and Manchester U.H.C. Won 5-3.

Oxford: Misses Creighton*, Wingfield, Drew*, Jobson, Harrison ; Misses Sinclair, Maclean ", Pantin ; Misses Tomkinson *, Stocks *, Macrae *.

Those marked * have been awarded their colours.

It is satisfactory that the United has won its first match, but the game was slow. During the latter part of the first half there was good combination in the Oxford team, but the play in the second half was not really good. The defence was sound, but the centre-half has a tendency to pass only to the left wing and inner.

Oforb 9.5tubents' Central lawn tennis Club.

Captain—Miss AUSTIN (L.M.H.).

Secretary—Miss DONCASTER (S.Hil.H.).

Treasurer—Miss PELHAM PEARSON (S.C.).

AT a selection meeting held on Wednesday, November r 8th, Miss Mackenzie (L.M.H.), Miss Wadsworth (S.C.), and Miss Saunders (L.M.H.), were elected as new members.

Thus the members of the Club are at present :— Honorary: Miss Bruce (S.C.), Miss Pope (S.C.), Miss Hadow (L.M.H.), Miss Lodge (L.M.H.), Miss Overend (S.C.), Miss Dod well (S.H.).

Eluted: Miss Austin (L.M.H.), Miss Drew (L.M.H.), Miss Stocks (L.M.H.), Miss Tree (S.H.H.), Miss Bickmore (S.H.H.), Miss Walton (S.C.), Miss Pelham Pearson (S.C.), Miss Maclean (O.H.S.), Miss Wingfield (L.M.H.), Miss B. Godwin (L.M.H.), Miss Doncaster (S.Hil.H.), Miss Cooke (S.Hil.H.), Miss Wells (L.M.H.), Miss Kenyon Stow (S.H.H.), Miss Godwin (S.H.H.), Miss Williams (S.H.H.), Miss Knott (S.H.H.), Miss Fletcher (S.H.H.), Miss Wadsworth (S.C.), Miss Saunders (L. M. H.), Miss Mackenzie (L.M.H.).

At a meeting held on October r4th, rules 7 and 9 were amended. The selection corn-

mittee in' future is to have power to choose the six which shall play against Cambridge. (The captain together with the secretary and treasurer, in place of the captain alone.)

The annual match against Cambridge was held in June, at Wimbledon Park. It was a hard fight, many of the games were exceedingly close. Every couple played every opposing couple the best out of three sets. The final result, 5 matches to Cambridge against 4 to Oxford, was better than we have had for many years.

The teams were :Oxford: Misses Drew (L.M.H.), Austin (L.M.H.), Mack (S.H.H.), Reynold (S.C.), Doncaster (S.Hil.H.), Stocks (L.M.H.).

Cambridge: Misses Davies (N.C.), Ball (N.C.), Benton (G.C.), Chittick (G.C.), Smith (N.C.), Pillman (G.C.).

The following day the match against London was played. It also was a very hard fight, and again resulted in Oxford losing by one match, London winning 5 to Oxford's 4.

Teams :Misses Wolferstan (S.C.), Austin Oxford (L.M.H.), Doncaster (S.Hil.H.), Stocks (L.M.H.), Mack (S.H.H.), Kenyon Stow (S.H.H.).

London : Misses Allen (R.H.C.), Weber (R.H.C.), Stuart (Univ. C.), Edminson (Westfield C.), Crapper (R.H.C.), Bond (Bedford C.).

Ogtorb laniversitp fabian Zocietr.

WOMEN'S GROUP. President—Miss DESSIN (S.C.).

Secretary—Miss BAILHACHE (S.C.).

Treasurer—Miss LUSH (S.C.).

THE Women's Group of the Fabian Society, in spite of the fact that several of its original members went down last year, is larger this term than it has ever been. The first year students are showing a gratifying interest in its

767

THE FRITILLARY. work, and give promise of its continuation in future years. The Group has made an experiment this term in holding meetings in the Women's Colleges, under its own auspices. Up to this time it had contented itself with attending the general meetings organised by the O.U.F.S. There have been three successful Group meetings —the first on.,October 23rd, when the President read a paper defining the general principles of Socialism, and an interesting discussion followed.

At the second meeting, on November 7th, Miss Upcott read a paper on Unemployment ; and at the third, Miss Lush conducted a discussion on the Efficency of Private Charity.

Next term the Group will continue to discuss the application of Socialist principles to specific social problems, and in the Summer term we hope to be addressed by Mrs. Sidney Webb.

All women students of the University are eligible for membership of the society.

Members of the Group are also members of the O.U.F.S., which has held several interesting meetings this term.

On October 2 6th, Mr. H. Allsopp, of Balliol, spoke on "Elementary Education and Social Problems."

On November loth, Mr. Harry Orbell, of the Dockers' Union, spoke on " Casual Labour at the Docks and Waterside of the Port of London."

We hope to hear the Hon. C. A. Lister on " Ourselves," on November 27th ; and a supplementary paper by Mr. Orbell on " The Docks of London Is the Present Management Conducive to Good Trade ?" on December 2nd. :

1Labr IlDargaret lbalI. HOCKEY CLUB ( CaPain, G. CREIGHTON ; Hon. Secretary, H. SToexs).—The numbers of the Club are unfortunately smaller this season than last, and there are few over when the three XI.'s have been made up. Practices have, however, on the whole been well attended.

Results of Matches. ist XI. v. Old Students, won 5-3. v. Bedford Ladies, a draw, 4-4. v. Leicester Ladies, lost 2-8. v. Etceteras I., won 10-3. v. Somerville College I., won 8-2 v. St. Hugh's Hall, not yet played.

2nd XI. v. Somerville College II., lost 2-8. v. St. Hugh's Hall, won 7-1. v. Graham Street I., won 6-2. v. Home Students I., not yet played.

3rd XI. v. Somerville III., not yet played.

First XI. Forwards : Misses Creighton, Wingfield, Drew, Jobson, Moorhouse.

Halves : Misses Sinclair, Nolting, Gifford.

Backs : Misses Tomkinson, Stocks.

Goal: Miss Macrae.

The forward line is very strong, combines well, and has improved steadily throughout the term.

The centre and two inners are very dangerous in the circle, the left inner especially shooting with great force ; the centre is extremely good up the field. The halves are the weak spot in the team, but the centre half is steady and useful both in attack and defence. The backs and goal are always to be relied on, but the backs must learn to combine better.

Second XI. Forwards : Misses Tanqueray, Werry, Dalton, Heslop, Brierly.

Halves : Misses Holt, Austin, Mackenzie.

Backs : Misses Johnson, Evans.

Goal : Miss Leary.

The forward line needs to combine better, but is improving, though it lacks quickness and decision. The centre forward shoots well. The halves are promising, and the centre half does useful work. The backs have played very well this term. The goal will be good when she has learnt to clear quicker.

Third XI. Forwards : Misses Skrine, Keyser, Moore, Vassall, Meates.

Halves : Misses Challoner, Head, Powell.

Backs : Misses Kenyon, Thomson.

Goal: Miss Burgess.

768

THE FRITILLARY.

The 3rd XI. has been unfortunate in having one of its matches scratched, and so has not had fair trial yet. The centre forward and left inner are promising, the right back is very useful, and the goal seems reliable.

BOAT CLUB (Secretary, R. JoEsoN).—Owing to the mildness of the weather, the boats have been very much used this season.

The style in sculling has been deteriorating for some time, and the committee hopes that qualified members will do their best to raise the standard again. Greater smartness on the river is very desirable.

Mr. Belfour has been very kind in coaching the committee in sculling and punting.

Results of this term's tests are :Miss Godwin, qualified in sculling ; Miss Swayne in canoeing ; Miss Tirard, half-captain, in sculling.

FIRE BRIGADE (Captain, C. I. EVANS ; ViceCaptain, A. I. NorrnsTG).—Ten new members

have joined the Brigade this term. A chute practice for the new members was held in the first week. Several bucket practices have been held and one general alarm was raised. The Brigade is still too slow dressing for morning practices.

ESSAY CLUB (President, F. MAcRAE).—Two papers have been read this term; the first by Miss Scott on " the Growth of Monotheism in the Hebrew Religion." The second by Miss Creighton on " Some Women of Euripides."

SHARP PRACTICE (President, K. NEALE ; Conservative Whip, D. S. TOMKINSON ; Liberal Whip,

G. DURNFORD).—Only three meetings have been held this term, at which political subjects were discussed.

The House has been guilty of marked inconsistency of conduct. It professes an abhorrence of speaking, unless provided with ample leisure for serious reflection beforehand, thus seriously endangering the healths and morals of the Whips ; while at the meetings it tends to a levity not at all in character with the solemnity of the occasion.

Henderson, Miss Morton and Miss Rooke on their Firsts in English ; to Miss Andrews on her Second in History ; to Miss Western on her Second in Theology; to Miss Heath, Miss Hallowes on their Seconds in English,; to Miss Bartlett on her Second in French.

HEARTIEST CONGRATULATIONS to MiSS

Went down June, 1908.

D. L. Andrews.

M. C. Barnard.

D. Bond.

R. Hallowes.

A. Heath.

A. Henderson.

E. Moir.

G. Morton.

E. Rooke.

L. de Sausmarez.

R. Western.

L.M.H. Freshers.

P. Brierly, Wycombe Abbey.

M. Burgess, Queen Anne's School, Caversham.

D. C. Challoner, Princess Helena College, Ealing.

H. Chatwin, Leamington High School.

V. Dodd, Monmouth High School.

M. Head.

S. Hony, Fontainebleau, Bournemouth.

R. Fynes-Clinton, Sandecotes School, Parkstone.

E. Kenyon, Godolphin School, Salisbury.

M. Potter, Liverpool College, Huyton.

G. Saunders, North London Collegiate School.

M. Spencer Smith, Graham Street School.

A. Thomson, Eversley, Folkestone.

M. Vassall, Bedford High School.

M. White, Ladies' College, Cheltenham.

Somerville College.

HOCKEY CLUB (Captain, H. WAriroN ; ViceCaptain, F. L. HARRISON ; Secretary, C. M. HARTNELL ; Treasurer, C. E. B. BLAKE).—The

result of this term's matches has not been too satisfactory, but there is good material in the XI.'s, and the club has every reason to hope for better things next term. Mrs. Helby is once more coming to coach the 1st and 2nd Xl.'s, and it is felt that her coaching will do much to give the teams the combination which is now lacking.

769

THE FRITILLARY. The 1st XI. halves though steady and hardworking would do well to be quicker and to support their forwards more.

A word of praise is due to the 2nd XI. All its members have played splendidly in the matches.

The 3rd XI. has hardly had a chance of proving what it can do, but the defence is very steady.

First Eleven.

Forwards: Misses Harrison, Blacker, Hartnell, Niemeyer, D. M. de Zouche.

Halves: Misses Cockshott, Pantin, Northwood.

Backs : Misses Blake, Fletcher.

Goal : Miss Walton.

would be so much more satisfactory to do it in instalments I A half-term test was held and resulted :Captains: Scott, Woolley, Blacker.

1st class Half-Captains—Viney, Frank, Wadsworth.

2nd class Half-Captains—Hartnell, Byrom, M. Walton, Bland, Nanson.

3rd class Half-Captains—Watson, Hughes.

There will probably be another test at the end of term, so that we hope there will be a good number of Captains and Half-Captains to enjoy the Four next term, if we are able to have it.

Second Eleven.

Misses M. Walton, Blackwood, Kingsland, D. E. de Zouche, Dixon.

Halves : Misses K. F. Jones, Bond, Owen.

Backs : Misses Scott, Rushbrooke.

Goal : Miss Woolley.

Forwards

Third Eleven.

Forwards : Misses Palmer, Nicol, Henderson, Daunt, Lewis.

Halves: Misses Gordon, Jefferys, Nanson.

Backs : Misses Haskins, J. E. Jones.

Goal : Miss Allen.

Matches, Michaelmas Term, 1908.

st XI. v. Old Students, won 9—I. v. St. Hugh's Hall, won 6—o. v. Lady Margaret Hall, lost 2-8. v. Bedford College, not yet played. znd XI. v. Lady Margaret Hall, won 8-3. v. Etceteras, won 6-2. v. Oxford Home Students, scratched. v. St. Hilda's Hall, not yet played. v. Lady Margaret Hall, not yet played. v. Etceteras, scratched.

BOAT CLUB (President, D. E. DE ZOUCHE ; Treasurer, F. M. NORTHWOOD ; Secretary, F. L. HARRISON). — There has been almost unusual enthusiasm for the river among the First Years this term, and the Urmila has been hard-worked.

It is still rather a grievance to some people that the swimming-test is " so ft. consecutively." It

FIRE BRIGADE.—HALL.

WALToN ; Vice-Captains,

(Captain,

Miss

M. E. and

Misses RACKSTRAW

(Captain, Miss K. F. JONES; Vice-Captains, Misses FINLAYSON and Rusx).—

WATSON).— WEST.

This Term weekly practices have been held on Wednesday afternoons. Captain Symonds of the Oxford Fire Brigade has most kindly conducted three of these, for which the Hall and West Brigades combined. Nearly all the first year students have joined the Brigades, and many show satisfactory keenness and ability.

PARLIAMENT (Prime Minister, C. E. B. BLAKE).

—At a general election held in the first week of Term, the Liberal party was returned to power.

When Parliament met first, the Government brought in a bill dealing with Redistribution of Parliamentary Seats, Abolition of Single-Member Constituencies, and Representation of Minorities by means of the Single Transferable Vote. After several good speeches on both sides, the motion " that this bill be read a second time," was carried with ease.

Next meeting, the House went into Committee.

The first clauses of the bill, dealing with reforms of the Franchise, and Redistribution, were debated so vigorously, that the House had no time to discuss later parts. The clause which excited most opposition was that abolishing the University Franchise. It was eventually thrown out.

Parliament meets once more this Term, when

THE FRITILLARY.

77o

the Socialists are to bring in a bill dealing with the Unemployment Question.

(President, Miss LEES ; Secretary, Miss GULLIVER ; Treasurer, Miss UPCOTT ; Committee Members, Misses HocKIN, JACKSON).—This Term the Society has begun a course of study of the Architecture of Oxford, considered historically. On October 24 the Roman Villa at Northleigh was visited by a party of thirteen members [two others being unhappily prevented from reaching their destination]. Miss Taylor kindly conducted this expedition.

On Nov. 3, twenty members, conducted by Miss Lees, traced the course of the old city wall. Three more expeditions are to be made this Term :I. To S. Frideswide's and S. Michael's.

2. To Iffley.

3. To S. Peter's-in-the-East.

ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Miss Penrose kindly read a most interesting paper on Greek Architecture, illustrated by watercolour sketches.

Miss Taylor gave a lecture on Roman Britain, and two more papers are to be read,—one on Saxon, and the other on Norman Oxford.

(Presidents, M. E. NANSON, Secretary, C. M. HARTNELL ; Firelighter, B. M. BLACKWOOD).—There have been several good debates this Term, notably whether the individual's duty to the State is more than that of the State to the individual, and whether dress should be regulated by fashion.

The regular attendance of new members is badly needed to ensure the meetings being a success, and the thanks of the Society are due to those second-years who have supported it so well this Term.

Final Honour School of Natural Science:— E. Wakefield, Class I. Final Honour School of Modern History :— Class II. C. Bottomley, I. Ellis, A, M. Milward, W. Morgan Brown, L. Smith, H. Vaudrey, K. Walker, )1

)1

7)

11

Final Honour School of English Literature :— E. Oram, Class II. D. Parsons, „ Final Honour School of Modern Languages :(French), D. Wolferstan, Class II. Diploma in Geography :— E. G. Rickard, with distinction. also wish to congratulate E. Wakefield on gaining the Gilchrist Fellowship ; C. M. Watson and A. K. Lewis on gaining respectively the Sidgwick Greek and Latin Prizes; and P. Dixon on receiving a Special Prize for her Junior English Literature Essay.—C. E. B. BLAKE. WE

SHARP PRACTICE

C. M. WATSON ;

WE wish to congratulate the following old students on the results of their examinations.

Honour Moderations :— C. M. Watson, Class I. E. Ryle, Class II.

New Students.

J. P. Allen, Bradford Girls' Grammar School.

B. M. Blackwood, Paddington and Maida-Vale High School.

M. Bond, St. Felix School, Southwold.

D. E. Cockshott, Cheltenham Ladies' College.

M. Daunt, Brighton-Hove High School.

E. L, Dendy, Edgbaston High School.

H. B. Gibson, St. Felix School, Southwold.

W. Gordon, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario.

M. F. Haskins, Bedford High School.

N. Henderson, City of London School (Exhibition, English).

A. Horsman, Home Tuition (Exhibition, Classics).

M. Jefferys, Polam Hall, Darlington.

M. Kingsland, Pendleton High School (Clothworkers' Scholarship, Science).

THE FRITILLARY.

C. Kirchberger, S. Hampstead High Schoo 1 G.P.D.S.T. B. Moss-Blundell, Northlands, Englefield Green.

J. Nicol, Macclesfield High School.

S. Niemeyer, Norland Palace.

A. A. M. Owen, The Grove School, Highgate.

B. Palmer, Bournemouth High School.

M. Pantin, St. Paul's School for Girls.

D. Sheepshanks, St. Felix School, Southwold (Coombs' Scholarship, History).

M. A. Shepherd, Laurel Bank School, Glasgow, W. C. M. Todd, St. Felix School, Southwold (Exhibition, French).

B. M. de Zouche, Liverpool High School (Exhibition, French).

771

1st XI. v. Etceteras Club, lost 1-4. v. St. Hilda's Hall, won 4-2. v. Lady Margaret Hall, not yet played. znd XI. v. Lady Margaret Hall, lost 1-8.

BOAT CLUB (Captain, E. M. TUDOR).—At the beginning of the term great keenness was shown in taking boats out, but this cooled with the weather. Eight of the thirteen Freshers have passed their swimming tests, and some of them show considerable ability in sculling. The number of qualified members has increased by two.

TENNIS

(Captain, M.

TREE ;

Secretary, M.

GonwiN).—There has not been much play this term, owing to the counter-attractions of hockey and the river. But some of the freshers show keenness and promise.

St. lbugb's

(Captain, D. PENNY ; ViceCaptain, M. TREE ; Secretary, M. WILLANS).— Eleven new members have joined the Club this Term ; the same number of the old members are playing regularly and three others occasionally.

We are therefore able to have a znd XI. again, and though its play is hardly of such a high standard as last year's, some of the members show promise, and the team as a whole considerable tackling power.

Of the 1st XI., the forward line especially shows want of combination, and the wing halves and left forwards are often too slow. We hope to pull together better next term after more practice in our regular places.

The team is— Forwards : (R) M. Tree, A. Davis, (C) M. Willans (L, not yet finally decided, the following have played) P. Nott, V. Macpherson, G. Bebb.

Halves : G. Hill, L. Bickmore, E. Crichton.

Backs : M. Godwin, D. Penny.

Goal: G. Irwin.

HOCKEY

CLUB

Our matches this term are :1st XI. v. Home Students, won to-2. v. Somerville College, lost o-5.

SHARP

SOCIETY (President, F. Secretary, M. GonwiN).—The

PRACTICE

ROBINSON;

Society is feeling the loss of some of its ablest members who went down last term, but we are hoping that their place may soon be supplied, and that new talent will rapidly show itself in the numerous first-year. Some of the debates have been marked by great keenness—the House decided very firmly against the ejection of the pass-man from the University, was fairly evenly divided as to the right of individuals personally to resist the execution of laws, and—with hesitation we confess it—was all but unanimous as to the justifiable nature (?) of artificial aids to beauty.

BROWNING SOCIETY (President, L. BICKMORE).— The Society continues to flourish. Not only have all its old members remained faithful, but we have been glad to welcome this term a strong contingent of new-comers, whose zeal we hope will continue.

After abandoning the suggestion that the Society should attack " The Ring and the Book," we decided to read a variety of the shorter poems.

We started with " In a Balcony," then " Christmas

772

THE FRITILLARY.

Eve and Easterday," " A Death in the Desert," and " Rabbi Ben Ezra " were followed by " Caliban upon Setebos." To these we have now added " A Grammarian's Funeral," " An Epistle," " Abt Vogler " and " Andrea del Sarto."

SHAKESPEARE SOCIETY (President, C. M. TREE).

—The Society maintains its usual good attendance.

The play chosen to he read was " Richard II.," but we feel that the subject has not been treated with becoming gravity. We hope for a comedy next term, in which our risible faculties may have greater justification.

METAPHYSICAL SOCIETY. — The number of members has considerably increased this term, and meetings have been held weekly. Alternately with Metaphysics proper, Miss Deneke has kindly read us papers on Deductive Logic.

The subject chosen for the term, the history of Greek Philosophy as far as Plato, has beef treated in outline by Miss Jourdain at the fortnightly meetings, which have been followed by discussion.

(Secretaries, A. M. DAVIS, L. M. term have been held on Tuesday evenings, alternating with the O.S.D.S. Debate. On the whole they have been well attended, especially by members of the first year.

On December 3rd, we are hoping to hold a " Fancy Dress " Sociable, to which every one is much looking forward. Costumes are being discussed with an eagerness which augurs well for its success.

E. M. Duggan, Assistant Mistress, Ladybank School, Withington.

E. A. Phillips, Head Mistress, High School, Clifton.

M. H. Roechling, Assistant Mistress, S. Anne's School, Abbots Bromley.

B. G. Scott, Assistant Mistress, Nottingham C. C. Secondary School.

New Students.

J. Douglas, Private Tuition.

E. M. Linton, St. Mary's, Paddington, B.A. London.

G. M. Bebb, St. Mary's, Paddington.

J. Cooke, St. Anne's School, Abbots Bromley.

E. Crichton, Church of England College, Edgbaston.

C. M. Hargrave, St. Agnes' School, East Grinstead.

G. M. K. Hill, St. Anne's School, Abbots Bromley.

V. M. Macpherson, Clifton High School.

M. P. Ramsay, M.A. Aberdeen.

H. M. Smith, Clapham High School.

E. M. Thomas, Victoria University.

J. Tugwell, St. Margaret's School, Bushey.

E. M. Wallace, St. Margaret's School, Bushey.

SOCIABLES

WILLANS).—Sociables this

St. lbilba's

CONGRATULATIONS to Miss Phillips on her appointment as Head Mistress of Clifton High School, and to Miss Keeling on her appointment as Tutor in English and Librarian at St. Hilda's Hall.

CLUB—(Captain, I. M. BRAMELD ; Vice-Captain, E. 0. BELL; Secretary, L. BowEN).

—No matches have as yet been played, as owing to our diminished numbers it was doubtful, at the beginning of the season, whether we should be able to put a team into the field. Owing to reinforcements from the freshers, several of them valuable recruits, we are, however, prepared to play matches next term, while fixtures are arranged for November 23rd v. St. Hugh's Hall, and November 3oth v. Somerville College 2nd XI.

Recent Appointments.

F. M. Knipe, Assistant Mistress, Private School, Epsom.

BOAT CLUB (Captain, E. 0. BELL).—There has been a great deal of boating and punting this

HOCKEY

.

THE FRITILLARY. term as the weather has been so fine, especially in the early part of the term. A good many of the First Years have been out on the river, and are getting on well, though none have qualified as yet. The following Seniors have qualified :—As Boat-Captains: G. Easton, C. Wright. As HalfCaptains N. Dolling, G. Weaver. As PuntCaptains : H. Doncaster, G. Easton. As Half Captains : M. Nordenfeld, G. Weaver, M. Powys.

FIRE BRIGADE. —(Captain, M. S. GRICE ; Lieutenant, G. M. WEAVER).—Regular practices have been held. The following First Year students have joined the Brigade :—V. Doudney, R. Du Boulay, S. Peterson, M. Shearer, M. Veitch, M. Wilkie.

DEBATING SOCIETY (President, MISS COOKE ; Vice-President, Miss EASTON ; Hall Representative, Miss GRICE ; Secretary, Miss WEAVER).— Two meetings have been held, the third meeting being fixed for the last week of term. The first debate discussed the motion : " That the loss of the art of conversation in the present age is deplorable." Proposer, Miss Bowen. Opposer, Miss Milnes. The motion was lost by five votes. The second debate took the form of a sharp practice motion.—" It is better to be late than early." Carried by ten votes. We congratulate our First Year students on their contributions to the discussions at both meetings.

ART CLUB (President, G. E. EASTON).—Rather a different order of proceedings has been adopted in the above club during the present term. Together with the usual papers on the lives and works of individual artists, papers have also been read on the various Schools as a whole—the Modern English School, the Modern French School ; and had it not been for Miss Cooke's regrettable absence there might have been one on the Modern German School.

The great feature of the term has been the Open Lecture on November 18. 13o acceptances were received by the President, who was divided between great pleasure at the welcome

773

about to be given to the lecturer, who was taking the trouble to come from Birmingham, and great anxiety as to whether it was possible to seat 13o people in a room which was supposed to hold only 120.

Unfortunately, however, a sudden storm prevented the arrival of many who had intended to come. By the kind introduction of Mr. Pfungst, who, second only to Mr. Armstrong, may be called our greatest benefactor, the lecture on "The Art of Sir Edward Burne-Jones," was delivered by Mr. Whitworth Wallis, Director of the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery.

Mr. Wallis illustrated his lecture by about 45 most excellent slides, showing the whole course of the development of the Artist's work.

The lecture was felt to be most inspiring, and was thoroughly appreciated by those present.

After the lecture the audience adjourned to the drawing-room for coffee—a new arrangement which greatly added to the pleasantness of the evening. In former times, when coffee has been the first item, it has been necessary to prevent guests lingering to talk, in order not to defer the lecture.

We hope to have the pleasure of hearing Mr. Wallis again.

(President, C. M. E. BuRRows.)—This club has held fortnightly meetings, when the outlines of the history of Jesus, Wadham, Pembroke, Worcester, Keble, and Hertford Colleges have been given, thus completing the work of last year.

ARCHITECTURE CLUB

List of Students who have gone down.

Miss Blake, Senior Student.

Miss Jacquier.

Miss Davidson.

Miss Chamies.

Miss Douglas.

Miss Pearson.

Miss Naoroji.

Miss Dobson.

Miss Odeh.

,

THE FRITILLARY.

774 Miss Susemihl.

Miss Schulte.

Miss Knox.

'

HEARTY CONGRATULATIONS are offered to Miss Jacquier on her first class in the English School ; also to Miss Davidson and to Miss Blake on qualifying for her Teacher's Certificate.

New Students, Michaelmas Term 1908.

Doudney, Violet Mary. du Boulay, Rachael Alice Houssemayne, Cheltenham Ladies' College.

Elias, Agnes Margaret, Manchester High School.

Griffith, Charlotte St. Hill, Exeter High School.

Haslam, Eileen Marjorie, The Laurels, Rugby.

Hasse, Henriette Charlotte Elise, St. Paul's School.

O'Loughlin, Florence Marie, Cheltenham Ladies' College.

Parsons, Lily Oriana, Exeter High School.

Paterson, Sybil Mary Donaldson, Leeds High School.

Pugh, Gladys, North London Collegiate School.

Shearer, Marjory Campbell, Roedean School, Brighton.

Symes, Eleanor Georgina, Cheltenham Ladies' College.

Taylor, Winifred Daisy, Laurel Court, Peterborough.

Veitch, Anna Mildred, Exeter High School.

Ward, Christabel Mary Katharine.

Wilkie, Eva Mary, Swansea High School.

$'octetp of Oxford 'borne z Stubents.

COMMON Room.—Many members have taken advantage of the convenience of the Common Room this term. Owing to the increase in the number of students, the second of the Socials was held in St. George's Hall. Many students and their friends spent a pleasant evening and

the efforts of the performers were highly appreciated. We have to thank several old students for their kind co-operation, and hope that members will continue to give their support on such occasions. Next term we are moving down to the first floor.

HOCKEY.—Not many matches were played this term.

On Nov. 7th we lost the match against St. Hugh's Hall by r c) goals to 2.

The intended match against Somerville (Nov. 2 rst), and a match against Dons and Graduates had to be scratched.

The practices which Lady Margaret Hall have permitted us to hold with them took place every Friday except twice ; but the improvement in combination, which was expected as a result from these practices, has been hindered by the fact that the eleven each week was composed of different members.

BOAT CLUB (Hon. Sec., C. HowsE).—This term we have had much good boating, which, at this time of year, is quite unusual. Our numbers have been increased by several new members ; all have passed the prescribed swimming test, and everyone has been exceedingly keen. We are hoping that before long we shall be able to qualify several new responsible members, as, with such an increase of enthusiasm, much more work falls to those already existent.

DRAMATIC SOCIETY (President, M. MA YHEW).— Two very successful meetings have been held this term, the first on October 27th, at 14 St. Giles', when the Society read " Strafford " ; the second on November loth, at Mansell House, Museum Road, when " Captain Brassbound's Conversion " was read. A third meeting is to be held at the end of term, when plans for getting up a play are to be discussed.

FICTION LIBRARY.—There are a good many subscribers this term, and three new books have

THE FRITILLARY. been added. An imposing box marked " Fines," intended as a reminder to subscribers, and to defend them against themselves, has failed in its object ; however, the community will be all the richer.—THE LIBRARIAN. Debating Society has flourished exceedingly this term, and the attendance has beaten all previous records. Several promising speakers have been found among the Freshers.

Miss McFie has been President, and Miss Purdon, Secretary. The subjects discussed have included The Pernicious Influence of Books, the Early Victorian v. the Modern Woman, the Incompatibility of Sincerity and Tact, Specialisation v.

General Culture, the Critical v. the Productive Faculty, the Advantages of Large States over Small Ones, and the Necessity of War. DEBATE.—The

Students who went down, June, 1908.

Mary I. Atchison (Mother Mary Amadeus).

Ida M. Bellingham (Mother Mary Emmanuel).

Jessie V. L. Brown.

Laura B. Cameron.

Sophy Harrison.

Eva A. E. Hellieson.

May Hockley.

Mary F. Howard.

Lydia M. Livermore.

Mary B. Mathews.

Felicit6 E. T. Metcalfe.

Mabel A. Molyneux.

Jerne A. L. Plunket.

Margaret L. Poole.

Mary E. Powell.

Lucy H. Rod. Beatrice B. Rogers.

Avice E. Sankey.

Muriel A. P. Sells.

Gertrude M. Thatcher.

Gretchen 0. Warren (Mrs.).

Marjorie E. Waxham.

Emily M. White (Mother Mary Theodore).

.775

THE Social on Wednesday the 25th was a new experiment, and was most successful. The entertainment opened with a scene from Northanger Abbey. Catherine Morland and Isabella Thorpe appeared upon the stage, and at once the assembly lay under the magic spell of Jane Austin. Miss Gray and Miss Thomas are to be congratulated on their rendering of the parts. The Morrisdances were a novel feature in the programme, and were greatly appreciated. The dancers were Miss R. Butler, Miss V. Butler, Miss Sidgwick, Miss Purdon, Miss Murray, and Miss Irwin. The American College songs were also hailed with much enthusiasm. A sudden darkness pervaded the room—and into the gloom stepped the singers, each bearing a gay Japanese lantern. The effect was thoroughly inspiriting—and the performers good-naturedly gave song after song in reply to the evident pleasure of the audience. Other items on the programme were recitations by Miss Naoroji and Miss Rhys, a violin solo by Miss Matheson, and songs by Miss O'Sullivan.

The Common Room Committee must be congratulated on their excellent arrangements. It is hoped that next Term they will see their way to repeating so desirable a precedent.

New Students.

Anna Ambrose, Convent of the H. C. J., Gumley House, Isleworth, W. Phyllis Mary Bisgood, St. Paul's Girls' School, Brook Green, W. Laura Black, B.A., Royal University of Ireland.

Christine Maude Church, University College, Bristol.

Susannah Lowell Clarke, A.B., Bryn Mawr College, U.S.A. Mina Cole, Graduate of Gilroy High School, California, U.S.A. Jessie May Comstock, B.L., Minnesota University, U.S. A .

Dorothy Jean Cowper, Lady Margaret Hall.

Emma Danforth, B.A., Wellesley College, U.S.A. Grace Lillians Danforth, B.A., Wellesley College, U.S.A.

776

THE FRITILLARY.

Elizabeth Donaldson, BSA., Minnesota University, U.S.A. Margery Gladys Farnell, St. Michael's Hall, Hore, Sussex.

Agnes Feilding (The Lady), Convent of Le Val, Heri, Belgium.

Charlotte Octavia Garnett, St. Elphin's School, Darley Dale.

Ruth Margaret Gates, M.A., Radcliffe College, Cambridge, U.S.A. Ella Louisa Gentry, Mary Datchelor Training College, Camberwell.

Constance Lilian Hart, St. Mary's College, Paddington.

Muriel Clare Hasluck, St. Margaret's School, Bushey.

Genevra Theodosia Henslow, St. Mary's College, Paddington.

Hedwig Pauline Hotz, M.A., Chicago University, U.S.A. Margaret Emma Faith Irwin, Clifton High School.

Lille Stephanie Loos, St. Mary's College, Paddington.

Mary Loveday, Leamington High School.

Hilda Matheson, St. Felix School, Southwold.

Mabel Murray, St. George's School, Ascot.

Gosasp Ardeshir Dadabhai Naoroji, King's College, London.

Dorothy Margaret Newcomen, Monmouth High School.

Helen Hawley Nichols, B.A., Marietta College, U.S.A. Hedwige Noetinger, College Sevigne, Paris.

Rosalie Haxall Noland, Women's College, Baltimore, U.S.A.

Nora Mary O'Connor, Convent of the H. C. J., Leyton Hill, Blackpool.

Nora Mary O'Sullivan, Convent of the H. C. J., St. Leonards-on-Sea. Evelyn Mary Oswald Oswald, Winchester High School.

Mary Ursula Potts-Chatto (Mother Mary Elizabeth), Convent of the H.C.J., St. Leonardson-Sea. Blanche Prenez, Paris University.

Eileen Constance Purdon, The Beehive, Bexhillon-Sea. Irene Mary Rope, Shrewsbury High School (Shropshire County Council Scholarship).

Charlotte Mathilde Mary Schlich, Oxford High School.

Mary Adelaide Sarah Stenson, Oxford High School.

Winifred Agnes Taylor, Convent of the H.C.J., Mayfield, Sussex.

Wynifred Mary Thomas, Training College, Cavendish Square, London.

—. Seal Thompson.

Alice Worsley (Sister Mary Hildegarde), Convent of the H.C.J., S. Leonards-on-Sea.

CONGRATULATIONS to Jerne A. L. Plunket on her First, and to Mother Mary Amadeus (M. J. Atchison) and Mother Mary Theodore (E. M. White) on their Seconds in History ; and to Katherine H. Nixon-Smith on her Second in Theology; also to Margaret S. McFie on her Ewelme Exhibition.

• ..00lr

PRINTED BY JAMBS PARKER AND CO, CROWN YARD, OXFORD.