basic_steps_for_korean_practice

Page 1

ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•™์Šต 1

๋ชจ์Œ 1

VOWELS 1

1. 1์ฐจ ๋ชจ์Œ 10๊ฐœ 10 primary vowels๏ผšใ…, ใ…‘, ใ…“, ใ…•, ใ…—, ใ…›, ใ…œ, ใ… , ใ…ก, l 2. 1์ฐจ ๋ชจ์Œ์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ ๋ฐ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์ˆœ์„œ

Pronunciation and writing order of primary vowels Shape of letter

Pronunciation

ใ…

[a]

ใ…‘

Writing order

Shape of a syllable ์•„

[ya]

ใ…“

์•ผ

[ษ™]

ใ…•

์–ด

[yษ™]

ใ…—

์—ฌ

[o]

ใ…›

์˜ค

[yo]

ใ…œ

์š”

[u]

ใ… 

์šฐ

[yu]

ใ…ก

์œ 

[ษจ]

ใ…ฃ

์œผ

[i]

์ด

3. 1์ฐจ ๋ชจ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค Words made up of primary vowels

1) ์˜ค five

4) ์•„์ด child 7) ์—ฌ์šฐ fox

2) ์ด two, teeth

5) ์˜ค์ด cucumber 8) ์—ฌ์œ  free time

3) ์šฐ์œ  milk

6) ์ด์œ  reason 9) ์œ ์•„ infant


Guide

4. ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐœ์Œ๋“ค Pronunciations which are difficult to distinguish

1) ์•„:์˜ค 5) ์šฐ:์œผ

2) ์˜ค:์šฐ 6) ์ด:์–ด

5. ํ˜€์˜ ์œ„์น˜ Tongue position

3) ์–ด:์˜ค 7) ์œผ:์–ด

4) ์•„:์–ด 8) ์œผ:์˜ค


2

๋ชจ์Œ 2

VOWELS 2

1. 2์ฐจ ๋ชจ์Œ 11๊ฐœ 11 secondary vowels๏ผšใ…, ใ…’, ใ…”, ใ…–, ใ…˜, ใ…™, ใ…š, ใ…, ใ…ž, ใ…Ÿ, ใ…ข

2. 2์ฐจ ๋ชจ์Œ์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ ๋ฐ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์ˆœ์„œ

Pronunciation and writing order of secondary vowels Shape of letter ใ…

ใ…’

Pronunciation [ษ›]

Writing order

์• 

[yษ›]

ใ…”

์–˜

[e]

ใ…–

์—

[ye]

ใ…˜

์˜ˆ

[wa]

ใ…™

์™€

[wษ›]

ใ…š

์™œ

[we(รถ)]

ใ…

์™ธ

[wษ™]

ใ…ž

์›Œ

[we]

ใ…Ÿ

์›จ

[wi(รผ)]

ใ…ข

์œ„

[ษจi]

3. ๋ชจ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค Words made up of vowels 1) ์˜ˆ yes

4) ์œ„์— on

Shape of a syllable

7) ์™ธ์•ผ outfield

์˜

2) ์™œ? Why?

3) ์™€์š” come

8) ์˜์˜ a meaning

9) ์˜์™ธ unexpected

5) ์•ผ์™ธ outdoor

6) ์˜ˆ์˜ etiquette

[์ฃผ1 (note1)] ๋‹จ๋ชจ์Œ๊ณผ ์ด์ค‘๋ชจ์Œ monophthongs and diphthongs

โˆ™๋‹จ๋ชจ์Œ monophthongs:ใ…,ใ…,ใ…“,ใ…”, ใ…—, ใ…š, ใ…œ, ใ…Ÿ, ใ…ก, ใ…ฃ

โˆ™์ด์ค‘๋ชจ์Œ diphthongs :ใ…‘,ใ…’,ใ…•,ใ…–,ใ…›, ใ… , ใ…˜, ใ…™, ใ…, ใ…ž, ใ…ข


ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•™์Šต [์ฃผ2 (note2)] ๋‹จ๋ชจ์Œ์˜ ์ž…์ˆ  ๋ชจ์–‘ Lip shape of monophthongs

[์ฃผ3 (note3)] ์ฃผ์˜ํ•  ๋ชจ์Œ๋“ค V owels which require attention ์• [ษ›]:์—[e] ์™ธ[รถ]๏ผš[we] ์œ„[รผ]๏ผš[wi]

์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. The pronunciations of โ€˜์• โ€™ and โ€˜์—โ€™ are too similar to distinguish. In speech, Koreans do not make a distinction between them. โ€˜์™ธ[รถ],์œ„ [รผ]โ€™๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ชจ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜„๋Œ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์ค‘๋ชจ์Œ[we], [wi]๋กœ ๋” ์ž ์ฃผ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ โ€˜์™ธ[รถ,we],์œ„[รผ,wi]โ€™ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. โ€˜์™ธ[รถ]โ€™and โ€˜์œ„[รผ]โ€™ are classified into the group of monophthongs, but they are usually pronounced like diphthongs [we,wi]. Therefore, they are also allowed as โ€˜์™ธ[รถ,we],์œ„[รผ,wi]โ€™.

โ€˜์™ธโ€™๋ฅผ ์ด์ค‘๋ชจ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋ฉด โ€˜์™œโ€™์™€ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ค์ œ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ์™œ[wษ›]๏ผš์™ธ[we] In the speech, โ€˜์™ธโ€™and โ€˜์™œโ€™ are too similar to distinguish because โ€˜์™ธโ€™ is pronounced as if it is diphthong โ€˜์™œโ€™.

์›จ[we]

์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์™ธ๋ž˜์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•œ๊ธ€๋กœ ํ‘œ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. โ€˜์›จโ€™ is sometimes used for writing pure Korean words, but is more commonly used for writing foreign words. ์›จ์ดํ„ฐ(waiter), ์›น ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ(web site), ์Šค์นด์ด ์›จ์ด(sky way)


3

์ž์Œ 1

CONSONANTS 1

1. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ž์Œ 14๊ฐœ 14 Basic consonants๏ผš

ใ„ฑ, ใ„ด, ใ„ท, ใ„น, ใ…, ใ…‚, ใ……, ใ…‡, ใ…ˆ, ใ…Š, ใ…‹, ใ…Œ, ใ…, ใ…Ž

2. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ž์Œ์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ ๋ฐ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์ˆœ์„œ Pronunciation and writing order of basic consonants Shape of letter

Pronunciation

ใ„ฑ

[k/g]

๊ฐ€

ใ„ด

[n]

๋‚˜

ใ„ท

[t/d]

๋‹ค

ใ„น ใ… ใ…‚ ใ…… ใ…‡ ใ…ˆ ใ…Š ใ…‹ ใ…Œ ใ… ใ…Ž

[r,l] [m]

[p/b]

[s/sh]

[no sound], [ล‹/ng]

Writing order

Shape of a syllable

๋ผ ๋งˆ ๋ฐ” ์‚ฌ ์•„

[ts/dz]

์ž

[tsh/ch]

์ฐจ

[kh] [t ] h

[p ] h

[h]

์นด ํƒ€ ํŒŒ ํ•˜


ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•™์Šต 3. ์กฐ์Œ์œ„์น˜ Place of articulation

[์ฃผ(note)] ์Œ์ ˆ์˜ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ค๋Š” โ€˜ใ…‡โ€™์€ ์Œ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์—†์ด, ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฉ”์šฐ๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์Œ์ ˆ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐ›์นจ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ผ ๋•Œ๋Š” [ล‹/ng]์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๋‚œ๋‹ค.

Often โ€˜ใ…‡โ€™ just plays the role of a filler. When it occurs in the first position of a syllable, it is silent but when it occurs in the final position, as a โ€˜Batchimโ€™, it is pronounced as [ล‹/ng].


4

์ž์Œ 2

1. ๋œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ(๊ฒฝ์Œ)

CONSONANTS 2

Tensed sounds

Shape of letter ใ„ฒ

ใ„ธ

ใ…ƒ

ใ…†

ใ…‰

Pronunciation [ kโ€™ ]

Shape of a syllable ๊นŒ

[ tโ€™ ]

๋”ฐ

[ pโ€™ ]

๋น 

[ sโ€™ ]

์‹ธ

[ tsโ€™ ]

์งœ

2. ๋œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ(๊ฒฝ์Œ)์™€ ๊ฑฐ์„ผ์†Œ๋ฆฌ(๊ฒฉ์Œ)์˜ ๋น„๊ต Comparison of tensed and aspirated sounds ๋ณดํ†ต์†Œ๋ฆฌ

๋œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ(๊ฒฝ์Œ)

๊ฑฐ์„ผ์†Œ๋ฆฌ

ใ„ท

ใ„ธ

ใ…Œ

ใ„ฑ ใ…‚ ใ…… ใ…ˆ

ใ„ฒ ใ…ƒ ใ…† ใ…‰

3. ๋œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ(๊ฒฝ์Œ)์™€ ๊ฑฐ์„ผ์†Œ๋ฆฌ(๊ฒฉ์Œ)๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค Words made up of tensed or aspirated sounds

1) ใ„ฑ๏ผšใ„ฒ

. ๊ตด(an oyster)๏ผš๊ฟ€(honey)

3) ใ…‚๏ผšใ…ƒ

. ๋ฐฉ(a room)๏ผš๋นต(bread)

2) ใ„ฒ๏ผšใ…‹ 4) ใ…‚๏ผšใ…

5) ใ„ท๏ผšใ„ธ๏ผšใ…Œ 6) ใ…๏ผšใ…‚๏ผšใ… 7) ใ…ˆ๏ผšใ…‰๏ผšใ…Š

. ๋„๋‹ค(to put out)๏ผšํฌ๋‹ค(to be big) . ๋ฐ˜(a half)๏ผšํŒ(a board)

. ๋‹ฌ(the moon)๏ผš๋”ธ(a daughter)๏ผšํƒˆ(a mask) . ๋ง(a horse)๏ผš๋ฐœ(a foot)๏ผšํŒ”(an arm)

. ์ž๋‹ค(to sleep)๏ผš์งœ๋‹ค(to be salty)๏ผš์ฐจ๋‹ค(to be cold)

8) ใ…๏ผšใ…‚๏ผšใ…ƒ๏ผšใ… . ๋ฌผ(water)๏ผš๋ถˆ(fire)๏ผš๋ฟ”(a horn)๏ผšํ’€(grass)

ใ…‹ ใ… ใ…Š


ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•™์Šต

5

์ž์Œ 3

CONSONANTS 3

1. ๋ฐ›์นจ โ€œBatchimโ€

โ€˜ใ„ธ, ใ…ƒ, ใ…‰โ€™๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž์Œ์ด ์Œ์ ˆ ๋์— ๋ถ™์–ด ๋ฐ›์นจ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ›์นจ์€

๋‹ค์Œ์˜ 7๊ฐœ๋กœ๋งŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๋‚œ๋‹ค.

Final consonants, โ€˜Batchimโ€™๏ผšExcept for โ€˜ใ„ธ, ใ…ƒ, ใ…‰โ€™, all consonants can be attached at the bottom of a syllable as a โ€˜Batchimโ€™. However, there are only 7 different ways of pronouncing all โ€˜Batchimโ€™. Letters of โ€˜Batchimโ€™

Pronunciation

ใ„ด

[ใ„ด] [-n]

ใ„ฑ,ใ„ฒ,ใ…‹

Example

[ใ„ฑ] [-k]

๊ฐ, ๊ฐ‚, ๊ฐ˜๏ผš(๊ฐ)

[ใ„ท] [-t]

๋‹ซ, ๋‹ฝ, ๋‹ท, ๋‹ธ, ๋‹บ, ๋‹ป, ๋‹ฟ๏ผš[๋‹ซ]

ใ…

[ใ…] [-m]

๋ง˜๏ผš[๋ง˜]

ใ…‡

[ใ…‡] [-ล‹/ng]

ใ„ท,ใ…Œ,ใ……,ใ…†,ใ…ˆ,ใ…Š,ใ…Ž ใ„น

ใ…‚,ใ…

[ใ„น] [-l]

[ใ…‚] [-p]

๋‚œ๏ผš[๋‚œ]

๋‹ฌ๏ผš[๋‹ฌ]

๋ฐฅ, ๋ฐฎ๏ผš[๋ฐฅ] ์•™๏ผš[์•™]

2. ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐœ์Œ๋“ค Pronunciations which are difficult to distinguish

1) ๋ฐ›์นจ โ€˜ใ„ฑโ€™์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์™€ ์—†์„ ๋•Œ . ๋งค์ฃผ(every week)๏ผš๋งฅ์ฃผ(beer) 2) ๋ฐ›์นจ โ€˜ใ„ดโ€™์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์™€ ์—†์„ ๋•Œ . ์•„๋‚ด(a wife)๏ผš์•ˆ๋‚ด(a guide) 3) ๋ฐ›์นจ โ€˜ใ„นโ€™์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์™€ ์—†์„ ๋•Œ . ๋จธ๋ฆฌ(a head)๏ผš๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ(far) 4) ๋ฐ›์นจ โ€˜ใ„ฑ๏ผšใ„ทโ€™์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„

. ๊ผญ(definitely)๏ผš๊ฝƒ[๊ผณ](a flower)

6) ๋ฐ›์นจ โ€˜ใ„ด๏ผšใ…๏ผšใ…‡โ€™์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„

. ๋ฐ˜(half)๏ผš๋ฐค(night)๏ผš๋ฐฉ(a room)

5) ๋ฐ›์นจ โ€˜ใ„ฑ๏ผšใ„ท๏ผšใ…‚โ€™์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„

. ๋ฐ–[๋ฐ•](outside)๏ผš๋ฐญ[๋ฐ›](a field)๏ผš๋ฐฅ(cooked rice)


6

๋ช…์‚ฌ

NOUNS

1. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ people ๋‚จ์ž man

์—ฌ์ž woman

ํ•™์ƒ student

์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ teacher

์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ father

์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ mother

์•„๋“ค son

๋”ธ daughter

ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ Korean

์™ธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ foreigner

์นœ๊ตฌ friend

์˜์‚ฌ doctor

์ฑ… book

์ฑ…์ƒ desk

์˜์ž chair

๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ bag

๊ตฌ๋‘ shoes

์‹ ๋ฌธ newspaper

์ง€๊ฐ‘ wallet

ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™” cell phone

๋ฒ„์Šค bus

์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ  subway

ํƒ์‹œ taxi

๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ airplane

2. ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ things


ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•™์Šต 3. ์žฅ์†Œ places ์ง‘ house

๊ต์‹ค classroom

ํšŒ์‚ฌ company

์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค office

๊ณต์žฅ factory

๋ณ‘์› hospital

์‹๋‹น restaurant

์€ํ–‰ bank

์šฐ์ฒด๊ตญ post office

๋Œ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ embassy

ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค restroom

๊ทน์žฅ theater

ํ•œ๊ตญ Korea

์ค‘๊ตญ China

๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ Vietnam

์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„ Indonesia


4. ๊ธฐํƒ€ the others ์˜ํ™” movie

๋‚ ์”จ weather

๊ณต์‚ฌ construction

๊ณ ์žฅ breakdown

์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ repair

ํšŒ์˜ meeting

5. ์‚ฐ์—…์•ˆ์ „ ๋ฐ ์ž‘์—… ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ช…์‚ฌ Nouns related to industrial safety and work ์•ˆ์ „๋ชจ safety helmet

์•ˆ์ „ํ™” safety shoes

์•ˆ๊ฒฝ safety goggles

์•ˆ์ „๋Œ€ safety belt

๋ณด์•ˆ๋ฉด welding mask

์•ˆ์ „์žฅ๊ฐ‘ safety gloves


ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•™์Šต

7

๋ช…์‚ฌ๏ผ‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

am, are, is

[์˜๋ฏธ] ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— ๋ถ™์–ด ์„œ์ˆ ์–ด์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. This pattern makes the predicate of a sentence when attached to a noun. 1. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๏ผ‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

์™ธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (I) am a foreigner.

์ค‘๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (I) am a Chinese.

2. ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๏ผ‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

์ฑ…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (This) is a book.

๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (This) is a bag.

3. ์žฅ์†Œ๏ผ‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

ํ•™๊ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (This) is a school.

์šฐ์ฒด๊ตญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (This) is a post office.


8

๋ช…์‚ฌ๏ผ‹๊ฐ€/์ด

SUBJECT PARTICLE

[์˜๋ฏธ] ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— ๋ถ™์–ด ๊ทธ ๋ง์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. This particle is used to mark the subject of a sentence when attached to a noun.

๏ผ๊ฐ€

๏ผ์ด

๋ชจ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ

์ž์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ

๊ตฌ๋‘๏ผ‹๊ฐ€ โ‡จ ๊ตฌ๋‘๊ฐ€

๊ณ ํ–ฅ๏ผ‹์ด โ‡จ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์ด

์—ฌ๊ธฐ๏ผ‹๊ฐ€ โ‡จ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€

โˆ™์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ต์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โˆ™์˜์ˆ˜ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โˆ™์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โˆ™์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์ด ์˜์ˆ˜ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋ฆ„๏ผ‹์ด โ‡จ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด

This is a classroom. Yeongsu is Korean. This is a cellular phone. My name is Lee, Yeongsu.

[์ฃผ(Note)] ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• Contracted form ๋‚˜ ๏ผ‹๊ฐ€ โ‡จ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ I (informal) ์ € ๏ผ‹๊ฐ€ โ‡จ ์ œ๊ฐ€ I (polite)

๋„ˆ ๏ผ‹๊ฐ€ โ‡จ ๋„ค๊ฐ€ you (informal) ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๏ผ‹๊ฐ€ โ‡จ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ who


ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•™์Šต

9

๋™์‚ฌ ์–ด๊ฐ„๏ผ‹-ใ…‚/์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

FORMAL DECLARATIVE SENTENCE ENDING [์˜๋ฏธ] ๊ฒฉ์‹์ฒด ์„œ์ˆ ํ˜• ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ Formal Declarative Sentence Ending ๋™์‚ฌ ์–ด๊ฐ„์— ๋ถ™์–ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์„œ์ˆ ํ˜• ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค. This ending makes a formal declarative sentence in the present tense when attached to a verb stem. ๏ผ ใ…‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

๏ผ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

์–ด๊ฐ„์ด ๋ชจ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ

์–ด๊ฐ„์ด ์ž์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ

์ผํ•˜๏ผ‹ใ…‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ‡จ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

์ฝ๏ผ‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ‡จ ์ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

๊ฐ€๏ผ‹ใ…‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ‡จ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

๋จน๏ผ‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ‡จ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

์˜ˆ์˜๏ผ‹ใ…‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ‡จ ์˜ˆ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ถฅ๏ผ‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ‡จ ์ถฅ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

ํ•™์ƒ์ด๏ผ‹ใ…‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ‡จ ํ•™์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โˆ™์˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ข‹๏ผ‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ‡จ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

Yeongsu works.

โˆ™์ € ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด ๋‚˜์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

That thing is bad.

โˆ™์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณต์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

This is a copy machine.

โˆ™์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์„œ์šธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

This(here) is Seoul.

โˆ™ํ•™์ƒ์ด ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

A student eats.

โˆ™์ด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

This thing is good.

[์ฃผ1 (note1)] ๋™์ž‘ ๋™์‚ฌ Action Verbs ๊ฐ€๋‹ค

to go

๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋‹ค

to teach

๊ฐˆ์•„ํƒ€๋‹ค

to transfer

๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‹ค

to study

๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋‹ค

to wait

๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋‹ค

to go down

๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋‹ค

to get off

๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

to come and go

๋‹ซ๋‹ค

to close

๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋‹ค

to return

๋“ฃ๋‹ค

to listen

๋งˆ์‹œ๋‹ค

to drink


๋งŒ๋‚˜๋‹ค

to meet

๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค

to make

๋จน๋‹ค

to eat

๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋‹ค

to learn

๋ฒ—๋‹ค

to take off

๋ณด๋‹ค

to see

์‚ฌ๋‹ค

to buy

์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค

to love

์„œ๋‹ค

to stand, stop

์‰ฌ๋‹ค

to rest

์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋‹ค

to dislike

์“ฐ๋‹ค

to write

์•‰๋‹ค

to sit

์—ด๋‹ค

to open

์˜ค๋‹ค

to come

์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋‹ค

to go up

์›ƒ๋‹ค

to laugh

์ผํ•˜๋‹ค

to work

์ฝ๋‹ค

to read

์ž…๋‹ค

to wear

์ž๋‹ค

to sleep

์žก๋‹ค

to catch

์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋‹ค

to like

ํƒ€๋‹ค

to ride

ํŒ”๋‹ค

to sell

ํ•˜๋‹ค

to do

[์ฃผ2 (note2)] ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ Descriptive Verbs ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค

to be near

๋ฉ€๋‹ค

to be far

๋ฅ๋‹ค

be hot

์ถฅ๋‹ค

to be cold to be busy

๋งŽ๋‹ค

to be a lot

์ ๋‹ค

to be few

๋ง›์žˆ๋‹ค

to be delicious

๋ง›์—†๋‹ค

to be tasteless

๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค

to be busy

ํ•œ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค

not to be busy

๋น ๋ฅด๋‹ค

to be fast

๋Š๋ฆฌ๋‹ค

to be slow

์‰ฝ๋‹ค

to be easy

์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค

to be difficult

์‹ธ๋‹ค

to be cheap

๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค

to be expensive

์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค

to be interesting

์žฌ๋ฏธ์—†๋‹ค

to be uninteresting

์กฐ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค

to be silent

์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค

to be noisy

์ข‹๋‹ค

to be good

๋‚˜์˜๋‹ค

to be bad

ํฌ๋‹ค

to be big

์ž‘๋‹ค

to be small

โ–ถ ์Œ์‹๋ง›

๋‹ฌ๋‹ค to be sweet, ์“ฐ๋‹ค to be bitter, ๋งต๋‹ค to be spicy hot, ์‹œ๋‹ค to be sour,

์งœ๋‹ค to be salty, ์‹ฑ๊ฒ๋‹ค not to be salty enough

[์ฃผ3 (note3)] โ€˜์ด๋‹คโ€™ ๋™์‚ฌ (๋ช…์‚ฌ๏ผ‹์ด๋‹ค)

Copula (Noun๏ผ‹์ด๋‹ค)

ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋‹ค

to be a student

์ฑ…์ด๋‹ค

to be a book

์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์ด๋‹ค

to be an office

์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ด๋‹ค

to be a mother


ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•™์Šต

10 ๋™์‚ฌ ์–ด๊ฐ„๏ผ‹ใ…‚/์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? FORMAL INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE ENDING [์˜๋ฏธ] ๊ฒฉ์‹์ฒด ์˜๋ฌธํ˜• ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ Formal Interrogative Sentence Ending ๋™์‚ฌ ์–ด๊ฐ„์— ๋ถ™์–ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์˜๋ฌธํ˜• ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค. This ending makes a formal interrogative sentence in the present tense when attached to a verb stem.

๏ผ ใ…‚๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

๏ผ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

์–ด๊ฐ„์ด ๋ชจ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ

์–ด๊ฐ„์ด ์ž์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ

์ผํ•˜๏ผ‹-ใ…‚๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? โ‡จ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

์›ƒ๏ผ‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? โ‡จ ์›ƒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

๊ฐ€๏ผ‹-ใ…‚๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? โ‡จ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

ํ•™์ƒ์ด๏ผ‹-ใ…‚๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? โ‡จ ํ•™์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

๋จน๏ผ‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? โ‡จ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

์ฝ๏ผ‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? โ‡จ ์ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

๊ฐ€๏ผš์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์›ƒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

๋‚˜๏ผš๋„ค, ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์›ƒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โˆ™๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

โˆ™์ € ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด ๋‚˜์ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

โˆ™์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณต์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

โˆ™๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

โˆ™ํ•™์ƒ์ด ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

โˆ™์ด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

Who works? Is that thing (over there) bad? Is this a copy machine? What is that? Does the student eat? Is this thing good?


11 ๋ช…์‚ฌ๏ผ‹๋ฅผ/์„ OBJECT PARTICLE [์˜๋ฏธ] ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— ๋ถ™์–ด ๊ทธ ๋ง์ด ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. This is used to mark the object of a sentence when attached to a noun.

๏ผ๋ฅผ

๏ผ์„

๋ชจ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ

์ž์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ

์ „ํ™”๏ผ‹๋ฅผ

๋ฐฅ๏ผ‹์„

๋ฒ„์Šค๏ผ‹๋ฅผ

์ฑ…๏ผ‹์„

์นœ๊ตฌ๏ผ‹๋ฅผ

์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ๏ผ‹์„

์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โˆ™๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โˆ™์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โˆ™์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โˆ™๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โˆ™์˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

โˆ™์˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

I take a bus. I make a phone call. I read a book. I eat rice. What does Yeongsu eat? Whom does Yeongsu wait for?


ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•™์Šต

12 ๋ช…์‚ฌ๏ผ‹๊ฐ€/์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค (๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ 1) am/are/is not NOUN (NEGATION 1) [์˜๋ฏธ] โ€˜-์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€™ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. This pattern is the negative form of the โ€˜-์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€™.

๋ช…์‚ฌ๏ผ‹๊ฐ€ / ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

์•„์ด๏ผ‹๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ‡จ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ํ•™์ƒ๏ผ‹๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ‡จ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

์ €๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โˆ™์ €๋Š” ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ฅธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. I am not a child. I am an adult.

โˆ™๊ทธ๋ถ„์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™ธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. He is not a Korean. He is a foreigner.

โˆ™์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

This is not a camera. Itโ€™s a cellular phone.


13 ์•ˆ/-์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค (๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ 2)

do/does notโˆผ, be not ADJECTIVE (NEGATION 2) [๊ตฌ์กฐ] ์•ˆ๏ผ‹๋™์‚ฌ ์–ด๊ฐ„๏ผ‹ใ…‚/์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

๏ผ๋™์‚ฌ ์–ด๊ฐ„๏ผ‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

[์˜๋ฏธ] ๋™์ž‘ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. This pattern expresses the negation of action verbs and descriptive verbs.

1. ์•ˆ๏ผ‹๋™์‚ฌ ์–ด๊ฐ„๏ผ‹ใ…‚/์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์•ˆ๏ผ‹๋™์‚ฌ ์–ด๊ฐ„๏ผ‹ใ…‚ / ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

์•ˆ๏ผ‹์‚ฌ๏ผ‹ใ…‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ‡จ ์•ˆ ์‚ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

์•ˆ๏ผ‹๋จน๏ผ‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ‡จ ์•ˆ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

โˆ™ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ์•ˆ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

(Somebody) does not go to the company.

โˆ™๋ฐฅ์„ ์•ˆ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

(Somebody) does not eat rice.

โˆ™์˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ๋ฐ”์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Yeongsu is not busy.

โˆ™์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•ˆ ์ถฅ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Itโ€™s not cold today.

โ–ถ ์˜ˆ์™ธ(exception)๏ผšN๏ผ‹ํ•˜๋‹ค โ€˜NOUN๏ผ‹ํ•˜๋‹คโ€™์˜ ๋ถ€์ • โ‡จ NOUN๏ผ‹์•ˆ๏ผ‹ํ•˜๋‹ค

์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๏ผš์ผ๏ผ‹์•ˆ๏ผ‹ํ•˜๋‹ค โ‡จ ์ผ ์•ˆํ•˜๋‹ค * ์•ˆ ์ผํ•˜๋‹ค(ร—)

๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‹ค๏ผš๊ณต๋ถ€๏ผ‹์•ˆ๏ผ‹ํ•˜๋‹ค โ‡จ ๊ณต๋ถ€ ์•ˆ ํ•˜๋‹ค * ์•ˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‹ค(ร—)

โˆ™์˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ผ(์„) ์•ˆ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โˆ™ํ•™์ƒ์ด ๊ณต๋ถ€(๋ฅผ) ์•ˆ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Yeongsu does not work. Students donโ€™t study.


ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•™์Šต 2. ๋™์‚ฌ ์–ด๊ฐ„๏ผ‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋™์‚ฌ ์–ด๊ฐ„๏ผ‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

์‚ฌ๏ผ‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ‡จ ์‚ฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

โˆ™์˜ท์„ ์‚ฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋จน๏ผ‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ‡จ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

โˆ™๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โˆ™์˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”์˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โˆ™์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ถฅ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โˆ™์˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

(Somebody) does not buy clothes. (Somebody) does not eat rice. Yeongsu is not busy. Itโ€™s not cold today. Yeongsu does not work.

โ–ถ ๋ถ€์ •์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํŠน์ˆ˜ ์–ดํœ˜ Special Negative Words โˆ™์žˆ๋‹ค to exist

โˆ™๋ง›์žˆ๋‹ค to be delicious

โˆ™์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค to be interesting โˆ™์•Œ๋‹ค to know

โ†” ์—†๋‹ค not to exist

โ†” ๋ง›์—†๋‹ค not to taste good

โ†” ์žฌ๋ฏธ์—†๋‹ค to be uninteresting

โ†” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋‹ค not to know


14 ๋ชป/ -์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค (๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ 3)

cannot ๏ฝž (NEGATION 3)

[๊ตฌ์กฐ] ๋ชป๏ผ‹๋™์ž‘ ๋™์‚ฌ ์–ด๊ฐ„๏ผ‹ใ…‚/์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

๏ผ๋™์ž‘ ๋™์‚ฌ ์–ด๊ฐ„๏ผ‹์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

[์˜๋ฏธ] ๋™์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธˆ์ง€๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์˜ ๋œป์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ถ€์ • ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๋‹ค. This pattern is a negative form that conveys the meaning of prohibition or inability.

์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๏ผ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชป ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๏ผ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1. ๋ชป๏ผ‹๋™์ž‘ ๋™์‚ฌ ์–ด๊ฐ„๏ผ‹ใ…‚/์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋ชป๏ผ‹๋™์ž‘ ๋™์‚ฌ ์–ด๊ฐ„๏ผ‹ใ…‚ / ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

๋ชป๏ผ‹ํ•˜๏ผ‹ใ…‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ‡จ ๋ชป ์‚ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

๋ชป๏ผ‹๋จน๏ผ‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ‡จ ๋ชป ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

โˆ™์ €๋Š” ๊น€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ชป ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โˆ™์ €๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ง์„ ๋ชป ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โˆ™์™ผ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชป ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

I cannot eat Gimchi. I cannot speak Korean. You cannot go to the left.


ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•™์Šต โ–ถ ์˜ˆ์™ธ(exception)๏ผšN๏ผ‹ํ•˜๋‹ค

โ€˜NOUN๏ผ‹ํ•˜๋‹คโ€™์˜ ๋ถ€์ • โ‡จ NOUN๏ผ‹๋ชป๏ผ‹ํ•˜๋‹ค

์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๏ผš์ผ๏ผ‹๋ชป๏ผ‹ํ•˜๋‹ค โ‡จ ์ผ ๋ชป ํ•˜๋‹ค * ๋ชป ์ผํ•˜๋‹ค(ร—)

๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‹ค๏ผš๊ณต๋ถ€๏ผ‹๋ชป๏ผ‹ํ•˜๋‹ค โ‡จ ๊ณต๋ถ€ ๋ชป ํ•˜๋‹ค * ๋ชป ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‹ค(ร—)

โˆ™๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฅ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ ๋ชป ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Itโ€™s too hot. (So) I cannot work.

โˆ™์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋ถ€ ๋ชป ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

I donโ€™t have time. (So) I cannot study.

2. ๋™์ž‘ ๋™์‚ฌ ์–ด๊ฐ„๏ผ‹์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋™์ž‘ ๋™์‚ฌ ์–ด๊ฐ„๏ผ‹์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

ํ•˜๏ผ‹์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ‡จ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋จน๏ผ‹์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ‡จ ๋จน์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

โˆ™์˜ท์„ ์‚ฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

โˆ™๊น€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋จน์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

โˆ™์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

I cannot buy the clothes. I cannot eat Gimchi. I cannot work today.


15 ์ผ, ์ด, ์‚ผ, ์‚ฌ โ€ฆ

one, two, three, four โ€ฆ

ํ•œ์ž์–ด ์ˆซ์ž์™€ ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋ช…์‚ฌ Sino-Korean numbers and Counting units 1. ์ผ, ์ด, ์‚ผ, ์‚ฌโ€ฆ(ํ•œ์ž์–ด ์ˆซ์ž) Sino-Korean numbers ํ•œ์ž์–ด ์ˆซ์ž

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13 14

15 โ€ฆ

Sino-Korean numbers ์ผ ์ด ์‚ผ ์‚ฌ ์˜ค ์œก ์น  ํŒ” ๊ตฌ ์‹ญ ์‹ญ์ผ ์‹ญ์ด ์‹ญ์‚ผ ์‹ญ์‚ฌ ์‹ญ์˜ค โ€ฆ

ํ•œ์ž์–ด ์ˆซ์ž

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

1,000,000

10,000,000

100,000,000

Sino-Korean numbers ์‹ญ ์ด์‹ญ ์‚ผ์‹ญ ์‚ฌ์‹ญ ์˜ค์‹ญ ์œก์‹ญ ์น ์‹ญ ํŒ”์‹ญ ๊ตฌ์‹ญ ๋ฐฑ ์ฒœ ๋งŒ ์‹ญ๋งŒ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ์ฒœ๋งŒ ์–ต


ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•™์Šต 2. ํ•œ์ž์–ด ์ˆซ์ž์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋ช…์‚ฌ Counting units used with Sino-Korean numbers ๏ผ ๊ฐœ์›”๏ผšmonths

๏ผ ๋…„๏ผšyears

๏ผ ์›๏ผšWon(Korean currency)

๏ผ ์›”๏ผšmonths of the year

๏ผ ์ฃผ๏ผšweeks

๏ผ ์ธต๏ผšfloors

๏ผ ๋ฒˆ๏ผšcounting numbers ๏ผ ์ธ๋ถ„๏ผšportions of food

โˆ™ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ง์„ ์‚ผ ๊ฐœ์›” ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โˆ™์ผ ๋…„์€ ์‚ผ๋ฐฑ์œก์‹ญ์˜ค ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โˆ™์‚ผ์›”, ์‚ฌ์›”, ์˜ค์›”์€ ๋ด„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โˆ™์ด ์ฑ…์€ ์ด๋งŒ ์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๏ผ ๋ถ„๏ผšminutes

๏ผ ์ผ๏ผšdays of the month

I studied Korean for three months. One year has 365 days. March, April and May belong to Spring. This book is 20,000 Won.


16 ํ•˜๋‚˜, ๋‘˜, ์…‹, ๋„ท โ€ฆ

one, two, three, four โ€ฆ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์ˆซ์ž์™€ ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋ช…์‚ฌ

Pure-Korean numbers and Counting units

1. ํ•˜๋‚˜, ๋‘˜, ์…‹, ๋„ทโ€ฆ(์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์ˆซ์ž) Pure-Korean numbers ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์ˆซ์ž

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15 โ€ฆ

Pure-Korean numbers

์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์ˆซ์ž

ํ•˜๋‚˜ (ํ•œ๏ผ‹noun)

10

์…‹ (์„ธ๏ผ‹noun)

30

๋‘˜ (๋‘๏ผ‹noun)

๋„ท (๋„ค๏ผ‹noun) ๋‹ค์„ฏ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ์ผ๊ณฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿ ์•„ํ™‰ ์—ด

์—ดํ•˜๋‚˜ (์—ดํ•œ๏ผ‹noun) ์—ด๋‘˜ (์—ด๋‘๏ผ‹noun)

์—ด์…‹ (์—ด์„ธ๏ผ‹noun)

์—ด๋„ท (์—ด๋„ค๏ผ‹noun) ์—ด๋‹ค์„ฏ โ€ฆ

20

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

1,000,000

10,000,000

100,000,000

Pure-Korean numbers ์—ด

์Šค๋ฌผ (์Šค๋ฌด๏ผ‹noun) ์„œ๋ฅธ ๋งˆํ” ์‰ฐ ์˜ˆ์ˆœ ์ผํ” ์—ฌ๋“  ์•„ํ” ๋ฐฑ ์ฒœ ๋งŒ ์‹ญ๋งŒ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ์ฒœ๋งŒ ์–ต


ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•™์Šต 2. ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์ˆซ์ž์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋ช…์‚ฌ Counting units used with Pure-Korean numbers ๏ผ ๊ฐ‘๏ผšpacks (of cigarettes)

๏ผ ๊ฐœ๏ผšitems, units, object

๏ผ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๏ผšanimals

๏ผ ๋ฒˆ๏ผštimes

๏ผ ๋ถ„๏ผšpeople (honorific form)

๏ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ/๋ช…๏ผšpeople

๏ผ ์‹œ๏ผšoโ€™clock

๏ผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๏ผšhours

๏ผ ์ฑ„๏ผšbuildings, houses

๏ผ ์ผค๋ ˆ๏ผšpairs of shoes

๏ผ ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡๏ผšbowl, cup

๏ผ ๋ฒŒ๏ผšsets of clothes ๏ผ ์‚ด๏ผšyears of age

๏ผ ์ž”๏ผšglasses, cups

๏ผ ๋Œ€๏ผšvehicles, machines

๏ผ ๋ณ‘๏ผšbottles

๏ผ ์†ก์ด๏ผšblossom, stems

๏ผ ์žฅ๏ผšthin, flat objects (sheets)

โˆ™์ €๋Š” ์˜ค์ „ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ์‹œ ์‚ผ์‹ญ ๋ถ„์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โˆ™๋‚ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋„ค ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ง์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โˆ™์ €๋Š” ์Šค๋ฌผ๋‘ ์‚ด ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โˆ™ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ์ž” ๋งˆ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

I get up at 6๏ผš30 am. I study Korean 4 hours everyday. I am twenty two years old. I drink 5 cups of coffee a day.



ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•™์Šต

01

๋“ฃ๊ธฐ



ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•™์Šต

02

์ฝ๊ธฐ


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