OU Israel 2022 Passover Guide by OUIsrael

THE GUSTAVE AND CAROL JACOBS CENTER FOR KASHRUT EDUCATION EDITION THE OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO

2022 | 5782

Navigating Pesach With FOOD-RELATED CONDITIONS A Warsaw Ghetto PASSOVER SERMON from the Aish Kodesh

Rav HERSHEL SCHACHTER shlit”a Pesach Q & A Everything You Need to Know About KITNIYOT

Letter from The Executive Director of OU Israel

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THE OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO

2022 | 5782

ORTHODOX UNION INTERNATIONAL PRESIDENT

Mark (Moishe) Bane EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT

Rabbi Moshe Hauer EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT & CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER

Rabbi Josh Joseph, Ed.D. CHAIRMAN KASHRUT COMMISSION

Harvey Blitz CHAIRMAN RABBINIC KASHRUT COMMISSION

Rabbi Kenneth Auman CEO/RABBINIC ADMINISTRATOR OU KOSHER

Rabbi Menachem Genack COO/EXECUTIVE RABBINIC COORDINATOR OU KOSHER

Rabbi Moshe Elefant SENIOR RABBINIC COORDINATOR

Rabbi Nachum Rabinowitz RABBINIC COORDINATOR FOR ISRAEL

Rabbi Dovid Bistricer HALACHIC CONSULTANTS

Rabbi Hershel Schachter Rabbi Asher Weiss Rabbi Mordechai Gross

ORTHODOX UNION ISRAEL PRESIDENT

Zvi Sand

OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO PASSOVER DIRECTOR, PASSOVER SUPERVISION Rabbi Shmuel Singer MANAGING EDITOR Jeremy Chernikoff SENIOR EDITORS Rabbi Nachum Rabinowitz Rabbi Moshe Zywica ART DIRECTOR Andréia Brunstein Schwartz

OU ISRAEL CHAIR

Ester Williams EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

Rabbi Avi Berman CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

David Katz DIRECTOR OF PROGRAMING

Chaim Pelzner DIRECTOR OF PROGRAMING, OU ISRAEL CENTER

Rabbi Sam Shor DIRECTOR, OU KOSHER ISRAEL DEPARTMENT

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Rabbi Eli Eleff Rabbi Eli Gersten Aviva Gottesman Dini Gourarie Miriam Greenman Andrea Kahn Rabbi Gavriel Price Rabbi Mordechai Stareshefsky

Rabbi Yissachar Dov Krakowski DIRECTOR, THE GUSTAVE AND CAROL JACOBS CENTER FOR KASHRUT EDUCATION/ RABBINIC FIELD REPRESENTATIVE

CONTACT INFORMATION

Rabbi Ezra Friedman KASHRUT OFFICE MANAGER

Rachel Stewart

OU Kosher Israel Department Tel: 02-5609122, Fax: 02-5630061 Email: kashrut@ouisrael.org OU Israel Gustave and Carol Jacobs Center for Kashrut Education Tel: 02-560-9121, 0502004432 Fax: 02-5630061 Email: efriedman@ouisrael.org

/OUKOSHER

@OUKOSHER

© Copyright 2022 by the Orthodox Union. JEWISH ACTION ISSN NO. 0447-7049 IS PUBLISHED BY THE ORTHODOX UNION, ELEVEN BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10004. 212.563.4000. PRINTED QUARTERLY — WINTER, SPRING, SUMMER, FALL PLUS SPECIAL PASSOVER ISSUE. SUBSCRIPTION: $16 PER YEAR; CANADIAN $20; OVERSEAS $60. PERIODICALS POSTAGE PAID AT NEW YORK, NY AND ADDITIONAL OFFICES.

OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO PASSOVER 5782

HALACHIC TIMES T PASSOVER CITIES*

LATEST TIME TO EAT CHAMETZ FRIDAY MORNING, APRIL 15 MAGEN AVRAHAM

GRA

LATEST TIME TO ANNUL CHAMETZ FRIDAY MORNING, APRIL 15 MAGEN AVRAHAM

GRA

1ST NIGHT LIGHTING FRIDAY EVENING, APRIL 15

2ND NIGHT LIGHTING SHABBOS EVENING, APRIL 16

CANDLE LIGHTING SHVII SHEL PESACH THURSDAY EVENING, APRIL 21

CANDLE LIGHTING ACHRON SHEL PESACH FRIDAY EVENING, APRIL 22

ATLANTA

11:03 AM

11:27 AM

12:20 PM

12:32 PM

7:50 PM

8:51 PM

7:55 PM

7:56 PM

BALTIMORE

10:30 AM

10:54 AM

11:48 AM

12:00 PM

7:26 PM

8:27 PM

7:32 PM

BOSTON

10:06 AM

10:30 AM

11:25 AM

11:37 AM

7:07 PM

8:09 PM

7:14 PM

7:15 PM

CHICAGO

10:13 AM

10:37 AM

11:32 AM

11:44 AM

7:13 PM

8:14 PM

7:20 PM

7:21 PM

CINCINNATI

11:01 AM

11:25 AM

12:19 PM

12:31 PM

7:57 PM

8:58 PM

8:03 PM

8:04 PM

CLEVELAND

10:49 AM

11:13 AM

12:08 PM

12:20 PM

7:49 PM

8:50 PM

7:55 PM

7:56 PM

COLUMBUS

10:55 AM

11:19 AM

12:13 PM

12:25 PM

7:52 PM

8:53 PM

7:58 PM

7:59 PM

DALLAS

10:53 AM

11:17 AM

12:10 PM

12:22 PM

7:39 PM

8:40 PM

7:43 PM

7:44 PM

DENVER

10:23 AM

10:47 AM

11:41 AM

11:53 AM

7:20 PM

8:21 PM

7:26 PM

7:27 PM

HALIFAX

10:35 AM

10:59 AM

11:55 AM

12:07 PM

7:41 PM

8:42 PM

7:48 PM

7:50 PM

HARTFORD

10:13 AM

10:37 AM

11:32 AM

11:44 AM

7:13 PM

8:14 PM

7:20 PM

7:21 PM

HOUSTON

10:48 AM

11:12 AM

12:05 PM

12:17 PM

7:30 PM

8:31 PM

7:34 PM

JERUSALEM

10:05 AM

10:29 AM

11:22 AM

11:34 AM

6:27 PM

7:51 PM

6:32 PM

LAKEWOOD

10:20 AM

10:44 AM

11:38 AM

11:50 AM

7:17 PM

8:18 PM

7:23 PM

7:24 PM

LAS VEGAS

10:05 AM

10:29 AM

11:23 AM

11:35 AM

6:56 PM

7:57 PM

7:01 PM

7:02 PM

LOS ANGELES

10:18 AM

10:42 AM

11:35 AM

11:47 AM

7:06 PM

8:07 PM

7:11 PM

MEMPHIS

10:25 AM

10:49 AM

11:43 AM

11:55 AM

7:14 PM

8:15 PM

7:19 PM

7:20 PM

MIAMI BEACH

10:48 AM

11:12 AM

12:04 PM

12:16 PM

7:25 PM

8:26 PM

7:28 PM

7:29 PM

MILWAUKEE

10:13 AM

10:37 AM

11:32 AM

11:44 AM

7:16 PM

8:17 PM

7:23 PM

7:24 PM

MINNEAPOLIS

10:34 AM

10:58 AM

11:53 AM

12:05 PM

7:40 PM

8:41 PM

7:48 PM

7:49 PM

MONTREAL

10:15 AM

10:39 AM

11:35 AM

11:47 AM

7:22 PM

8:23 PM

7:30 PM

7:31 PM

NASSAU

10:16 AM

10:40 AM

11:35 AM

11:47 AM

7:18 PM

8:19 PM

7:25 PM

7:26 PM

NEW YORK

10:19 AM

10:43 AM

11:37 AM

11:49 AM

7:17 PM

8:18 PM

7:23 PM

7:24 PM

OAK PARK

10:55 AM

11:19 AM

12:14 PM

12:26 PM

7:56 PM

8:57 PM

8:03 PM

8:04 PM

ORLANDO

10:53 AM

11:17 AM

12:09 PM

12:21 PM

7:33 PM

8:33 PM

7:36 PM

7:37 PM

PHILADELPHIA

10:24 AM

10:48 AM

11:42 AM

11:54 AM

7:21 PM

8:22 PM

7:27 PM

7:28 PM

11:23 AM

6:41 PM

7:41 PM

6:45 PM

6:46 PM

PHOENIX

9:54 AM

10:18 AM

11:11 AM

PITTSBURGH

10:43 AM

11:07 AM

12:01 PM

12:13 PM

7:41 PM

8:42 PM

7:47 PM

7:48 PM

PROVIDENCE

10:08 AM

10:32 AM

11:27 AM

11:39 AM

7:08 PM

8:09 PM

7:15 PM

7:16 PM

ROCHESTER

10:32 AM

10:56 AM

11:51 AM

12:03 PM

7:35 PM

8:36 PM

7:42 PM

7:43 PM

SAN FRANCISCO

10:34 AM

10:58 AM

11:52 AM

12:04 PM

7:27 PM

8:28 PM

7:33 PM

7:34 PM

SEATTLE

10:29 AM

10:53 AM

11:49 AM

12:01 PM

7:41 PM

8:42 PM

7:49 PM

7:51 PM

SILVER SPRING

10:32 AM

10:56 AM

11:50 AM

12:02 PM

7:27 PM

8:28 PM

7:33 PM

7:34 PM

SOUTH BEND

11:07 AM

11:31 AM

12:26 PM

12:38 PM

8:07 PM

9:08 PM

8:14 PM

8:15 PM

11:55 AM

7:19 PM

8:20 PM

7:25 PM

7:26 PM

ST LOUIS

10:24 AM

10:48 AM

11:43 AM

TEANECK

10:19 AM

10:43 AM

11:37 AM

11:49 AM

7:17 PM

8:18 PM

7:24 PM

7:25 PM

TORONTO

10:39 AM

11:03 AM

11:58 AM

12:10 PM

7:43 PM

8:44 PM

7:50 PM

7:51 PM

VANCOUVER

10:31 AM

10:55 AM

11:52 AM

12:04 PM

7:47 PM

8:48 PM

7:56 PM

7:57 PM

WINNIPEG

10:47 AM

11:11 AM

12:08 PM

12:20 PM

8:04 PM

9:06 PM

8:13 PM

8:15 PM

WHERE TWO SETS OF TIMES ARE LISTED, THE FIRST COLUMN IS BASED ON THE OPINION OF THE MAGEN AVRAHAM, AND THE SECOND ON THAT OF THE GRA. *IF YOUR CITY ISN'T LISTED HERE, CONSULT WWW.OU.ORG OR YOUR LOCAL ORTHODOX RABBI FOR TIMES.

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LESSONS FROM THE AISH KODESH

RAV SCHACHTER Q&A

KIDS SECTION

OF FOOD AND FREEDOM

HOW THE PROS PREPARE

SEDER OF THE GUIDE 2022 FEATURES 4

About the Gustave & Carol Jacobs Center for Kashrut Education

13 16

The What and Why of Eruv Tavshilin Of Food and Freedom: Navigating Pesach with Food-Related Conditions

Ask the Rav: Rav Hershel Schachter Discusses Pesach

What Happens If I Find Chametz on Pesach? Well, That Depends...

28 34

Everything You Need to Know about Kiniyot

45 48 50 54 56

Passover for the Masses: How the Pros Prepare for the Chag Navigating the Matzah Maze Leaving Egypt: A Spiritual Journey Kids Section Pesach Freedom, Even When We Weren’t: A Passover Sermon from the Warsaw Ghetto

PASSOVER ESSENTIALS 6 What Everyone Needs to Know About Passover

11 15 22 24 38 40 42

Sizing Up the Seder

59 62 68 73 75

Intro to Shemitta Calendar

Assuring Insect-Free Romaine Lettuce Chametz: When to Peddle and When to Purge Chametz After Pesach: What, When and Why The Kashering Primer The Modern Kitchen Let Them Eat Cake: Passover Substitutions Done Right

Shemitta Calendar Glossary of Israeli Kashrut Gidelines for Medicines Sefirat HaOmer Chart

Q & A: Kitniyot on the Shabbat After Pesach OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO PASSOVER 5782

The Gustave & Carol Jacobs Center for Kashrut Education

- B ! ) " $ 1 ! " $ ! C?DE B ! ) " $ $ " ! @ ! ) # : " ! ) ! ! % / % & B ! " ! ! F + ! ) * ! " ! & % + $ " # @ " " ) @ " ! $ 2 ! ! ! "" 2 % !& - B ! ) " $ 1 ! " # ; # % ! ! ! " # F & 0 " ! $ $$ * / ! ! * " ! " # G " B !$ ! @ " < @! B ! ) " $ 1 ! " ! " ! # # % $ $ " 5

www.oupassover.org

6 % 6 ! 6 % " - - !$ H 6 ! 6 6 % # !! B ! ) " $ 1 ! " + " 1 0 & DI? % ;" ' ! " # " ! < ; - ! & # ! ! " ! " # ! & " ! + < " F# % & @ ! " " ! $ + 1 & # ! " ! " !! ! ! % !& % # ! % ! " ! " &

We are here to provide our communities with kashrut education, in addition to the highest standards of kosher food. We take great pride in our work with educational institutions and communities.

INTERESTED IN LEARNING MORE? We are happy to arrange shiurim and hands-on workshops for yeshivot, seminaries, kollelim, schools, and shuls. We can be contacted here in Israel at 02-560-9122 or efriedman@ouisrael.org.

OU O U IS ISRAEL SR AEL GU GUIDE TO PASSOVER 5782

www.oupassover.org

WHAT EVERYONE NEEDS TO KNOW ABOUT PASSOVER How to get rid of chametz, prepare your home and celebrate the holiday of freedom!

OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO PASSOVER 5782

Passover.

Our miraculous exodus from Egypt. The birthday of the Jewish nation. The most widely observed holiday on the Jewish calendar. Is there any other holiday in which we invest so much time, effort, energy (and elbow grease)? This guide provides a clear, easy-to-read overview of the mitzvot and customs related to Pesach, as well as the terms associated with the holiday. Throughout this guide, the terms Pesach and Passover are used interchangeably. If you are unsure about any aspect of Pesach observance, just reach out to an Orthodox rabbi.

When is Passover?

What does this look like in practice?

$ ( D> CC ! : $ & ( " C?CC / ! @# D> ! * < $$ @# CJ& $ !! $ / ! @# D>& < # K " # ! L M&

Is my home kosher-forPassover? 1 # ; ! % 8% ; ; ( 9 & - # " # # $ ! ( " &

www.oupassover.org

Cleaning - $ " ! ! $ & "% ! " # " ! ! & L % ! ! $ ! " ! " " NM " ! ! ! " &

Selling @ ! ) # $ ( " ! $ ! ! " ! ;) ! F $$ & / ! " ! ! $ ! # J?&

Different Utensils ; ! " % ! ! $ ! ! # ! $ # " ! F" ( " & L " ; ! $ ( " " $$ &M ! " #

What exactly is chametz? Practically speaking, any processed food that is not certified as kosherfor-Passover may potentially include ingredients. See page 60 for a list of OU certified products that are, nonetheless, recommended for Passover. ! ! ! # " ! " ! # $ ( " & ( " " # % # " ! ! " ' ! % ; ;( # " ! ! ! ! $ ( " &

The busy days before Pesach — special mitzvot and customs

You’re ready for the next step:

2" " ! 3 4 # & + ! !

are observed with Shabbat restrictions on work and creative activity. The second day (Motzo’ei Shabbat, April 16 through Sunday night, April 17) and the seventh day (Thursday night, April 21 through Friday evening, April 22) are observed with rules and regulations.

Special reminder for this year Maot Chitim — money for the poor

Bedikat Chametz ! " " ! # $% # & !

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Burning the Chametz ' ! ( ) * ! %

Passover is Here — What You Need to Know

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The Intermediate Days — Chol Ha’moed " ) 2* # $> ? " # @$4 # ! A " 9 # ' & ! !

The Fast of the Firstborns ( ) + , ! ! + (! - . + " + ( ) " / # $0 1 ! !

Eruv Tavshilin The first two days and the last two days (for those who are overseas for the holiday)

The first day (Friday night, April 15 through Motzo’ei Shabbat, April 16) and the last day (Friday night, April 22 through Motzo’ei Shabbat, April 23)

# " # @$ * / ! $<

OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO PASSOVER 5782

You’ve made it to the Seder! Now what?

The Seven Mitzvot of the Seder

Torah Mitzvot: ! " # $ %

Rabbinical Mitzvot: & '

! % ( ) & ' * % '

The Seder Plate +

What do we put on the Seder plate? " ! $ ! + + + + % '

www.oupassover.org

" + + + $ " + + $ Place a bowl of salt water for dipping the karpas near the Seder plate. Note: Salt water should be prepared before Shabbat.

Bitter herbs (maror) - * + " $ - + + " $ + + ' + % ! " #" $ % & '()

Matzah , % - " $ . " $ . " $ ! " #" $ % & '()

Four cups of wine / ' + 0 1 " * $ . "2 * $ -* ! " #" $ % & '()

Telling the story of the Exodus and singing Hallel , 3 ' . 4 , + 2 3 " $ 2

When Passover ends - ) ( " $ / ( / + * (

SIZING UP THE SEDER MATZAH*

MAROR

WINE CUP

TALMUDIC MEASURE OF VOLUME

K’ZAYIT

RIVI’IT**

RAV CHAIM NOEH

29 CUBIC CM (1 FL. OZ.)

19.3 CC (.7 FL. OZ.)

3 FLUID OUNCES

RAV MOSHE FEINSTEIN

43.2 CC (1.5 FL. OZ.)

32 CC (1.1 FL. OZ.)

3.3 FLUID OUNCES***

CHAZON ISH

50 CC (1.7 FL. OZ.)

33.3 CC (1.1 FL. OZ.)

5.07 FLUID OUNCES

These measurements are approximate amounts since matzot vary in thickness. Hand matzot can be considerably thicker than machine, or vice-versa. For the first three cups, one must drink more than half the rivi’it. One should drink the entire fourth cup so as to be able to recite a bracha achrona.

*** For Friday night kiddush, Rav Moshe Feinstein zt”l held that one should use a cup that holds 4.42 fluid ounces of wine.

OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO PASSOVER 5782

FOLLOWING THE OPINION OF RAV MOSHE FEINSTEIN.

MATZAH & AFIKOMEN 6.25” X 7”

MAROR 8” X 10” IF GROUND HORSERADISH: volume of 1.1 oz./32 grams. If this is difficult one can use .7 oz./19 grams. IF ROMAINE STALKS: Enough to fill 3” x 5” area

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KORECH 4” X 7”

When Yom Tov precedes Shabbos:

THE

of Eruv Tavshilin

Q. What is the reason for eruv tavshilin?

we will need the food for unexpected guests who might arrive on * .

A. When the second or eighth day of * falls on Shabbos (as the eighth day of * does this year on April 23), or if Shabbos falls immediately after * , it is rabbinically forbidden to cook or prepare on * for Shabbos. When executed properly, " allows us to prepare on * for Shabbos.

If the Torah permits the preparation of food on * for Shabbos, why did the Rabbis institute the " in the first place? The Gemara (Beitzah 15b) gives two explanations:

Interestingly, there is no Torah prohibition to cook or bake on * for Shabbos, even though ostensibly we may only cook on * for * itself. The Gemara (Pesachim 46b) offers two reasons why this does not constitute a Torah prohibition: (a) Shabbos and * are considered to be one unit, since the Torah refers to * as Shabbos. Just as it is permitted to cook and bake on * for * , it is permitted to cook and bake on * for Shabbos. (b) When we cook or bake additional food on * , it is not a Torah violation because it is possible that

By Rabbi Moshe Zywica

(a) When * precedes Shabbos, we are prone to overlook the needs of Shabbos. The Rabbis therefore created a special, tangible preparation for Shabbos that must be attended to before the start of the * , so people will remember to cook for Shabbos as well. (b) If we were to permit cooking on * for Shabbos without any reminder, we might not understand the reason, and think it is permissible to cook on * for the subsequent weekdays as well; if done late in the afternoon this would violate a Torah prohibition. Q. What is the procedure for eruv tavshilin? A. On * , Thursday April 21, set aside two types of food, one cooked and one baked (Mishnah

Berurah 527:5–6). If you cannot obtain both items, a cooked item alone would be acceptable, but a baked item alone would not suffice. The cooked item must be at least the size of a large olive ( + * , approximately half the size of a chicken’s egg) and the baked item should be at least the size of a chicken’s egg ( + ). Since not all cooked foods are eligible to be used for the " , and the laws are complex, there is a common custom to cook an egg on * specifically for use as the " . Hold the selected items while reciting the bracha and subsequent Aramaic text, as they appear in the siddur. You must understand the text as it is recited; if you do not understand the Aramaic text, recite it in your native language (Rama 527:12). Q. When is the eruv tavshilin effective? Can I eat the eruv tavshilin food? A. The " allows us to prepare for Shabbos only on Shabbos, but not on a preceding * day (Shulchan Aruch 527:13). In addition, every effort must be

OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO PASSOVER 5782

“If you cannot obtain both items, a cooked item alone would be acceptable, but a baked item alone would not suffice. The cooked item must be at least the size of a large olive (k’zayit, approximately half the size of a chicken’s egg) and the baked item should be at least the size of a chicken’s egg (k’beitzah). Since not all cooked foods are eligible to be used for the eruv tavshilin, and the laws are complex, there is a common custom to cook an egg on erev yom tov specifically for use as the eruv tavshilin.” Rabbi Moshe Zywica

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made to complete the preparations early enough on Friday afternoon so that the food will be edible well before Shabbos. Nevertheless, if the preparations were left until late Friday afternoon, they may still be done (Beiur Halacha 527:1). The food items used for the " must remain intact as long as preparations are being made for Shabbos. Perishable items used for the " should be stored in the refrigerator as needed. If the " foods were consumed or discarded, the " ceases to be valid (OC 527:15). Matzah is used on Pesach as the baked item of the " . It is customary to use this matzah for an additional mitzvah as one of the two “loaves” of at each of the three Shabbos meals, and to consume the matzah at the third meal of " .

Q. If a person is planning to be fully prepared for Shabbos before yom tov starts, is an eruv tavshilin still necessary? A. Rav Moshe Feinstein & understands the opinion of the Magen Avrohom (O.C. 527:1) to be that it is not absolutely necessary to make an " if you are completely prepared for Shabbos. Nevertheless, Igros Moshe (Orach Chaim, 5:20:26) notes that even if

you are not planning to cook or bake on * for Shabbos, an " should be performed as a precaution for an unexpected need. Rav Moshe & in Orach Chaim, 5:37:9, writes that a should not be recited in such a case. Q. What should be done if I forgot to perform an eruv tavshilin? A. If you forgot to perform an " on Thursday, you may rely on the " performed by the rabbi of the city, since it is customary for him to include his entire community in his " . We may rely on this only if the " was not forgotten due to negligence (Shulchan Oruch ibid). In addition, we may rely on the rabbi’s " one time (MB 527:22). The Kaf Hachaim 527:48 suggests that this limitation of relying on the rabbi’s " only applies to consecutive * . However, the Chayei Adam (Klal 102:7) questions whether we may rely on the rabbi’s communal " a second time, even if they were not consecutive times. Another option is to have someone who made an " cook for the one who forgot. In this case, ownership of the ingredients must be transferred to the one who made an " and is allowed to cook. This person may then proceed to cook even in the home of the person who did not make an " (Shulchan Aruch OC 527:20).

Assuring Insect-Free Romaine Lettuce Romaine lettuce is commonly used for maror. This type of lettuce is known as an open leaf variety, meaning that as the leaves sprout forth from the ground, they begin to open up like a flower. Toward the end of their growth, the leaves begin to close around the stalk. Since romaine lettuce grows open, it is much more prone to insect infestation throughout the head than other varieties that primarily grow as a closed ball. The insects most commonly found in open leaf lettuce are small black or green aphids and thrips. The leaves of the vegetable often camouflage these insects. The open structure of these vegetables allows insects to penetrate the entire head. Often, insects may be found between the innermost layers of leaves of an infested head. Therefore, each leaf must be washed and checked individually. The use of a light box for checking lettuce can be extremely convenient and helpful. However, even if a light box is not used it is crucial to examine both sides of each leaf against a good source of light. Occasionally, worms may be found in burrows within the body of the leaf. Look for a narrow translucent burrow speckled with black dots breaking up the deep green color of the leaf. These burrows will often trap the worm within the leaf. To rid the leaf of these worms, carefully slit the bumpy part within the burrow with a sharp knife and remove the worm. It is important to note that many of these varieties feature curly leaves with many folds in which the insects tend to hide. It is therefore recommended that they be washed and checked with extreme caution. These two options for properly checking romaine lettuce, using a light box or a mesh cloth, are equally acceptable.

By Rabbi David Bistricer

Light Box 1. Cut off the lettuce base and separate the leaves from one another. 2. Soak leaves in a solution of cold water and soap. The proper amount of soap has been added when some bubbles are observed in the water. 3. Agitate lettuce leaves in the soapy solution. 4. Spread each leaf, taking care to expose all its curls and crevices. Using a heavy stream of water or sink hose, remove all foreign matter and soap from both sides of each leaf. Alternatively, a vegetable brush may be used on both sides of the leaf. 5. Leaves should be checked over a light box or against strong overhead lighting to verify that the washing procedure has been effective. Pay careful attention to the folds and crevices in the leaf where insects have been known to hold tightly through several washings.

Mesh Cloth (washing lettuce and checking water) 1. Agitate and soak leafy produce for a few minutes in cold water containing vegetable wash. 2. Drain the water through a mesh cloth placed between two large strainers. 3. After draining the water, place the mesh cloth on a light box to inspect for any possible insects that were dislodged from the produce into the water. The mesh cloth method of checking has become increasingly popular and can be a time saver, making it easier to check larger volumes of produce.

OU O U IS ISRAEL SRAE AEL EL GUID GUIDE DE TO PASSOVER PASSOVER 578 5782 2

OF FOOD AND FREEDOM: Navigating Pesach with Food-Related Conditions By Shira Isenberg

16 16

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Many powerful themes carry us through the holiday of Pesach: The focus on freedom. The triumph of redemption. The call to remove leavened aspects of our souls and purify ourselves. The joys of tradition and singing and spending time with family.

And then there’s the food. As much as we emphasize the spiritual aspects of Pesach, we can’t fully separate them from food. Hashem gave us very specific halachot regarding food on Pesach. It’s a challenge for many to remove the chametz from their yearlong diets, even for just those seven or eight days. But for some, this task is greatly magnified, since food significantly impacts their health and day-to-day lives. How do they navigate this holiday healthfully and with as little stress as possible? Here’s a close look at several common food-related health conditions and how to manage them over Pesach.

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

regular fiber supplement contains wheat, and the substitute she has found doesn’t work as well.

Ella, 42, loves Pesach, but dreads the matzah. Its dry, crispy crunch is a harbinger of miserable days to come. Ella has irritable bowel syndrome, or IBS, a disorder of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. It’s a year-round syndrome that can be aggravated over Pesach — specifically by matzah.

“I’ll drink a lot and eat lots of vegetables to compensate, and I usually feel pretty good, thank G-d,” she says.

“Matzah can be very hard for people with IBS to digest,” says Tamar Feldman, RDN CDE, a registered functional dietitian and founder of thegutdietitian.com. Instead, Tamar recommends whole wheat matzah for the additional fiber; however, even that is often not easily tolerated, especially in combination with wine or grape juice.

“Once you get past those first two days, many people actually feel better on Pesach than during the rest of the year. A kosherfor-Pesach diet can be very healthful if it’s done right and if you don’t overeat.”

“Eat only what you need,” Tamar suggests. “Ask your rabbi how much you need, and stick to just that.” To counteract some of matzah’s impact on the gut, Tamar suggests that those with IBS drink twice their usual amount over the first few days of Pesach. For additional fiber, eat three fruits plus three to five cups of vegetables on the first days. “Once you get past those first two days, many people actually feel better on Pesach than during the rest of the year,” Tamar says. “A kosher-forPesach diet can be very healthful if it’s done right and if you don’t overeat.” Not overeating is crucial. “For many people with IBS, much of their GI distress primarily comes from overeating and the late timing of large meals,” Tamar says.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis Those with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) — a condition characterized by chronic inflammation and damage to the digestive tract — face similar challenges. And the solutions are also similar: Eat the smallest amount of matzah that is okayed by your rabbi; try gluten-free oat matzah; (gluten can exacerbate IBD); and eat fiberfilled food like fruits and vegetables. Careful reading of food labels is essential, since matzah meal — and therefore gluten — can be found in foods you might not expect, such as tomato sauce. Look for the “nongebrochts” label, which ensures a food is matzah-meal free. Staci, who takes medication for her mild IBD, can essentially follow her year-round diet on Pesach too. The hardest part for her is that her

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Celiac Disease & Food Allergies Margo’s 18-year-old son has celiac disease, an autoimmune condition in which gluten (a protein found in wheat and other grains) cannot be tolerated. Back when he was first diagnosed at age 7, few kosher gluten-friendly options existed. Pesach — with its plethora of glutenfree foods — was a boon for their pantry. The biggest issue for people with celiac disease on Pesach is the matzah, which traditionally is made with wheat. Of the five grains that can be the basis of , the only one that a person with celiac disease can eat is oats. However, oats can become cross-contaminated with wheat, so someone with celiac disease may react from eating oats that are not certified gluten-free. A corollary challenge for people with celiac disease: matzah, matzah everywhere. “My husband will crack the matzah over a tin so it doesn’t splatter crumbs all over. We’ll pass it around the table in that tray,” says Margo. “When we eat out, we ask the host to keep the matzah on the side.” Margo’s 13-year-old son is allergic to peanuts (as well as tree nuts). During Pesach she must be especially vigilant about reading food labels, because food companies may change the ingredients, making a typically safe food off-limits for Pesach. For example, nuts are ubiquitous in Pesach products, even those you wouldn’t necessarily expect to have nuts — like plain chocolate, for example.

Diabetes Matzah. Grape juice. Matzah ball soup. Potato kugel. For someone with diabetes, a typical Pesach menu may look like a long list of carbohydrates.

Another strategy to help moderate the blood sugar ups and downs of the Seder is to eat before yom tov, preferably a snack with protein and fiber, like chicken soup with vegetables, or a small apple with a handful of nuts.

Substituting safe alternatives for the food allergen is one workaround. For egg allergies, for example, a chiabased substitute can work. Per OU, chia seeds require checking against foreign materials. To avoid potential problems for both her food-sensitive sons, Margo does all her own baking for Pesach. “When you’re making meals at home, you know which ingredients are around and what you put in,” she says. To find tips and tricks for managing, Margo encourages crowdsourcing; in fact, that’s what prompted her to start her 6,000-member Facebook group, Kosher Me & Gluten Free. “My best advice,” says Margo, “is to talk to other people and learn what they’re doing to manage, so you’re not dealing with it alone.”

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that impacts the way people process carbohydrates in food. With Type 1 diabetes, the body doesn’t produce insulin, the hormone that enables cells to absorb glucose from the blood. In Type 2 diabetes, cells become less sensitive to insulin, often requiring greater amounts of insulin to lower blood glucose. High glucose levels in the blood can cause long-term damage to multiple organ systems in the body. And dangerously high or low blood glucose levels can pose an immediate threat to an individual’s health.

and fiber, like chicken soup with vegetables, or a small apple with a handful of nuts. Physical activity is a critical component of a healthy diabetes lifestyle over Pesach too. Even taking a walk after your meal can make a difference in your blood sugar levels, says Rivka. Finally, as Pesach wraps up, it’s important to review how the holiday went, healthwise. “Keep track of what worked for you — which products were well tolerated, which caused your blood sugar to skyrocket,” Rivka says. “Write it all down so you can look it over before next Pesach and get a head start.

“With diabetes, whenever you’re off your regular routine, it can upset blood sugar — and Pesach throws off your routine,” says dietitian and diabetes educator Rivka Breuer, RDN, CDCES. “Whether they take medication or insulin, people with diabetes need to be ready to adjust.” That’s why it’s so important to plan ahead, Rivka asserts. “Ask your questions to your rabbi in advance: how much matzah do I need to eat? How much water can I add to the wine?” General meal-planning guidelines for diabetes don’t change over Pesach: skip high sugar foods like juice and soda; eat combination meals that include protein and fat, along with carbohydrates; choose plenty of fiberrich foods like vegetables; and read labels carefully.

Substituting safe alternatives for the food allergen is one workaround. For egg allergies, for example, a chia-based substitute can work.

“I’m a big fan of frozen vegetables,” says Rivka. “They are so convenient, especially when there’s only so much room in your packed fridge over yom tov.” Another strategy to help moderate the blood sugar ups and downs of the Seder is to eat before * , preferably a snack with protein OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO PASSOVER 5782

Ask the Rav: RAV HERSHEL SCHACHTER DISCUSSES PESACH This year, OU Pesach Guide editors Rabbis Nachum Rabinowitz and Moshe Zywica had the opportunity to engage in a broad-ranging discussion with OU Kosher’s longtime Posek, Rav Hershel Schachter shlit”a, on Pesach-related topics. Moreinu Harav Schachter has served as a posek for the OU Kashrus Department for more than 30 years, instructing us in our daily execution of kashrus principles and enabling the OU to provide the food products that will grace so many of Klal Yisrael’s Pesach tables. We hope the insights gleaned from this interview will serve to illuminate your yom tov.

RR: To what extent are we obligated to maintain the customs ( ) of our ancestors? For example: generally, the to avoid * is considered obligatory to Ashkenazim, but something like avoiding (which is viewed as a " ), is not; why is this? RS: Generally, a halachically binding vow is something that is articulated verbally. However, when one repeatedly observes a good deed or a halachic stringency, it is considered like a vow unless one was careful to stipulate otherwise. There are also stringencies that communities or families adopted that are incumbent on members of that community or family to maintain, similar to a vow. * was adopted as an obligatory custom by Ashkenazic communities. , was adopted as a stringency by various individuals, communities, and families. Depending on the nature of that undertaking by one’s ancestors or community leaders, one may or may not be obligated to maintain that tradition. If, however, stringencies were adopted only by individuals without the intent to obligate all community or family members, those would not be binding on community or family members and their offspring. Under extenuating circumstances ( - ) one may dispense with otherwise obligatory customs. RR: To what extent do we need to clean our homes in areas where is not brought? RS: The is to completely clean the home, even to scrape the floors. However, halachically one only needs to clean those areas where may be found. For small crumbs that may be found

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in hard-to-reach places, it is sufficient to nullify them after burning the . Certainly, where there is great difficulty, no cleaning is necessary except where is brought in the home. RR: Do we need to research the potential found in prescribed medications in tablet and capsule format? RS: Medications that are tasteless can be taken on Pesach (these are considered inedible even for canines). One need not research the potential of * or . RZ: Should we recite Hallel in shul after Maariv on the night of the Seder? RS: The Shulchan Aruch and the Vilna Goan both posit that one should say Hallel. The Rama writes that the of Ashkenazim is not to say Hallel in shul. Where this will not conflict with the shul’s established practice, it is admirable to say Hallel with a * and with a . RZ: Should all the attendees at the Seder (including women) recite Kiddush at the Seder?

RS: The attendees at the Seder (men and women) need not recite Kiddush and can fulfill their obligation by listening to the one who recites Kiddush. It is preferable for one person to recite Kiddush and be motzi all others. RZ: Should women answer Amen to the Havdala recited during Kiddush at the Seder? Should they answer Amen to * ", which they have already recited when they lit * candles?

was not fluent in Hebrew, recited the Haggadah in English. Those who utilize the Seder to repeat and are missing this fundamental point. The Seder is the time to engage each family member on their level and in their language, utilizing the Haggadah to expand our awareness of Hakadosh Boruch Hu. RZ: Is the Rav careful to finish the Afikomen before ? RS: I am careful to finish the Afikomen and Hallel before .

RS: Women may answer Amen to Havdala but should not answer Amen to the bracha . or to * ".

RZ: Should we recline during the " " meal?

RZ: How does the Rav recommend we interact with family members at the Seder?

RZ: When eating (the sandwich of matzah and ) do we recite “ ” before or after ?

RS: The Bnei Yissaschar writes that the purpose of the Seder is to gain an understanding of Hashem. This means that through telling the story of / * one should g strengthen the awareness of the 13 Principles of Faith. He further notes that one of the Baalei Tosfos, who lived in Eng ngla ng l nd and whose family England

RS: One should recline throughout the Seder including the eating of the meal.

RS: One should recite after eating . One should not speak between the of matzah and and the completion of those , including . .

OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO PASSOVER 5782

21 21

CHAMETZ: When to

PEDDLE & When to

PURGE By Rabbi Gavriel Price

common method of relinquishing ownership of chametz is to sell it, typically through an agent (a rabbi) to a gentile. The chametz remains in the house, in a closed-off area (e.g. a closet) that has been rented to its new owner. After Pesach the rental period ends and the agent purchases the chametz back on behalf of the original owner. This option is time-honored and halachically acceptable. Some, however, do not want to rely on such a sale for chametz that, on a Torah level, we are required to remove from our possession. The Torah prohibition against owning chametz applies not only to obvious chametz such as bread, pretzels or cookies, but to any product that contains a chametz ingredient that constitutes a k’zayit within that product. Licorice, for example, which contains a significant amount of flour in its dough, would not be sold according to this position but should, instead, be eaten before Pesach, burned, or otherwise destroyed. Such products are considered chametz gamur — “real” chametz. If the food is only safek chametz (that is, there is some doubt as to whether it is chametz at all), it may be included in the sale even according to those individuals who avoid the sale of chametz gamur. The foods listed in the chart on page 23 are identified either as chametz gamur and, according to the stringent position, should not be included in a sale, or “not chametz gamur,” and may be included in a sale. Many people who avoid selling chametz gamur nonetheless have a family custom to sell their whiskey.

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SELLING CHAMETZ Because of global variations in raw material sourcing, this chart ONLY APPLIES TO PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED IN THE USA.

PRODUCT

STATUS

PRODUCT

STATUS

Baker’s Yeast

Not Chametz Gamur

Licorice

Chametz Gamur 3

Baking Powder

Not Chametz Gamur

Maltodextrin

Not Chametz Gamur

Baking Soda

Not Chametz Gamur

Maltodextrin (non- GMO)

Chametz Gamur 7

Barley (Pearled)

Not Chametz Gamur 1

Matzah (not for Pesach)

Chametz Gamur

Beer

Chametz Gamur

Mayonnaise

Not Chametz Gamur

Medications (Capsules, Pills, Tablets)

Not Chametz Gamur

Mouthwash

Not Chametz Gamur

Mustard

Not Chametz Gamur

Pasta Sauce

Not Chametz Gamur

Popcorn

Not Chametz Gamur

Potato Chips

Not Chametz Gamur

Bourbon

Chametz Gamur

Brewer’s Yeast

Chametz Gamur

Cereals in which wheat, barley, oats, rye, or spelt are primary ingredients

Chametz Gamur

Cereals in which wheat, barley, oats, rye, or spelt are secondary ingredients

Chametz Gamur

Chocolate

Not Chametz Gamur

Pickles

Not Chametz Gamur

(provided there is no wafer or flour as an ingredient)

Probiotics

Not Chametz Gamur

Rice Krispies

Not Chametz Gamur 4

Rum

Not Chametz Gamur

Salad Dressing

Not Chametz Gamur

Scotch

Chametz Gamur 2

Soy Sauce

Chametz Gamur 8

Starch (also referred to as food starch)

Not Chametz Gamur

Starch (non-GMO)

Chametz Gamur 7

Chametz Gamur 3

Tequila

Not Chametz Gamur

Corn Flakes

Not Chametz Gamur 4

Cosmetics

Not Chametz Gamur

Duck Sauce

Not Chametz Gamur

Farfel

Chametz Gamur

Flour Flour (as an ingredient in processed food)

Gefilte Fish

Not Chametz Gamur Chametz Gamur

Toothpaste

Not Chametz Gamur

(with the exception of Cookies & Cream)

Vanilla Extract

Not Chametz Gamur

Vinegar

Not Chametz Gamur

Ices

Not Chametz Gamur

Wheat Germ

Not Chametz Gamur 9

Ketchup

Not Chametz Gamur

Whip Toppings

Not Chametz Gamur

Ice Cream

1. The processing of pearled barley is mechanical and does not require the use of water.

5. Contemporary milling production renders flour only safek chametz and it can therefore be included in a sale.

2. Follow family custom.

6. Flour as an ingredient in processed food is typically exposed to some form of moisture and should be assumed to be chametz.

3. Some opinions hold that, even according to the stringent tradition of not selling chametz gamur, provided the chametz is not distinguishable in the product even if it is present at more than a k’zayit, it can be included in a sale (Rav Yosef Dov HaLevi Soloveitchik, quoted in Nefesh HaRav, page 177). 4. Although malt in corn flakes and crispy rice products is present at more than one-sixtieth of the product, in standard packaging the malt is less than one k’zayit of the package.

7. Typically, non-GMO starch and starch derivatives (like maltodextrin) are sourced from Europe, and should be assumed to be chametz. 8. Wheat is used in traditional soy sauce production. 9. Wheat germ is a byproduct of the milling process; see footnote 3.

OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO PASSOVER 5782

CHAMETZ AFTER PESACH: WHAT, WHEN, AND WHY By Rabbi Gavriel Price

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Many rabbanim therefore suggest waiting until after Lag B’Omer before purchasing chametz from supermarkets that are either Jewishowned or rely on Jewish distributors.

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What Happens if I Find Chametz on Pesach? Well, that depends… By Rabbi Eli Gersten

Here are a few questions to keep in mind, since the answer to each can affect the ruling. Did you sell your chametz with your rabbi? If the chametz was in your possession from before Pesach and you sold it through your rabbi, then in all likelihood the chametz item was included in the sale as well. Although the chametz was not locked up in the cabinet as it should have been, it was still included in the sale since there is usually a statement in the contract that all chametz is considered sold regardless of its location. Please check with your rabbi. The chametz should be pushed with a broom or a pole into the closet; do not use your hands, since we are concerned that if you pick up the chametz, you might forget and eat it.

Was the item purchased on Pesach? If the chametz item was purchased on Pesach or even on erev Pesach after the chametz sale, it must be burned at the first opportunity. As explained above, it cannot be moved, and it certainly may not be burned on Shabbos or yom tov. Instead, it should be covered with a utensil until after yom tov, at which point it must be burned. If the purchased item was only kitniyos (does not contain any of the five grains — wheat, barley, spelt, rye or oats), such as a bottle of corn oil, it may be put away until after Pesach. A kashrus expert should be consulted, because some might contain chametz even though it is not obvious.

Was the chametz found on yom tov or Chol Ha’moed? Chametz found on Shabbos or yom tov is muktza, and may not be moved. This presents a problem, since you are not permitted to dwell in a room that contains chametz out of concern you might forget and eat it. You must place a bowl or pot over the chametz as a reminder. If the chametz was found on Chol Ha’moed, and you sold your chametz with your rabbi, the chametz may not be directly picked up and placed in the cabinet but should instead be kicked or pushed with a broom until concealed.

What do I do when a package that included chametz was delivered on my porch on Pesach? You may not leave chametz on your property even if you have no intention of acquiring it. If the delivery took place on yom tov, you must cover it until after Pesach. On Chol Ha’moed you must take a broom or a pole and push it off your property. You may not pick it up with your hands. The Mishnah Berurah writes that just picking up chametz on Pesach even without intent to acquire it is forbidden. You are only permitted to pick up chametz with the intent to burn it.

OU ISRAEL GU GUIDE UIDE DE TO T PASSOVER PASSOV SOV OV VER 57 578 5782 82

2 27

Everything you need to know about

KITNIYOT By Rabbi Ezra Friedman

28 28

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There are two underlying reasons for the minhag of kitniyot. The first is that kitniyot were grown in close proximity to the five grains, share a resemblance with them, and were harvested in a similar manner.

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Quinoa is a new world crop. It is grown and stored separately from other crops and has not traditionally been used like grains for the preparation of bread or similar wheat-like products. It should be noted that quinoa is only fit for Pesach use if it has been supervised for the holiday and is labeled kosher for Pesach.

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Regarding the consumption of kitniyot for children, according to certain opinions, one may feed young children (up to age four) kitniyot if there is a considerable need (Chayei Adam 127:6).

OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO PASSOVER 5782

Someone who is sick but not extremely ill and is in need of specific foods may consume kitniyot (Mishnah Berurah 453:7). Individuals with certain chronic medical conditions may also be permitted to eat kitniyot. For specific cases, one should consult with both their doctor and a competent halachic figure.

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SUMMARY OF OU POLICY ON KITNIYOT • The minhag (custom) of kitniyot is based in solid halachic literature, is accepted by early halachic authorities, and must be adhered to by Ashkenazi Jewry. • The minhag of kitniyot include beans (all), buckwheat/ kasha, caraway, cardamom, chickpeas, fennel seeds, fenugreek, grains of paradise, lentils, millet, mustard seeds, peas, poppy seeds, rapeseed/canola, rice, sesame seeds, snow peas, sorghum, sugar-snap peas, and sunflower seeds. Peanuts are also included in the list of kitniyot. • Derivatives of kitniyot are also prohibited for consumption on Pesach. This includes liquids, oils (even when made without using water), and mixtures in which the kitniyot is essential to the food (ma’amid) or is mixed intentionally to give flavor. • Some New World crops, such as corn and soybeans, are also included in the minhag. Following much research, OU poskim ruled that quinoa is not considered kitniyot and may be consumed for Pesach after being thoroughly checked. • The OU certifies spices for Pesach when a mashgiach properly checks them and they are confirmed to be kosher for Pesach. • As kitniyot is a custom, halachic authorities are lenient in regard to the consumption of kitniyot for those who are ill or have chronic medical conditions. One should consult with a competent halachic figure. • Adults may feed young children (below the age of four) kitniyot based on need. Some authorities are lenient in regard to feeding children kitniyot who are slightly older. One should consult with a halachic authority on a caseby-case basis. Baby formulas and porridges containing kitniyot may certainly be given to babies. • If a kitniyot item was accidently added to a non-kitniyot Pesach dish in which there is a majority by volume of nonkitniyot, the kitniyot ingredient is considered nullified and the dish is permitted for consumption on Pesach. • Kitniyot she’nishtaneh refers to a category of kitniyot that went through a fundamental change during food production. According to OU policy, this category of kitniyot (when added to other products) can be granted OU certification for Pesach. OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO PASSOVER 5782

PASSOVER For the

MASSES How the Pros Prepare for the Chag By Rabbis Avrohom Juravel & Dov Schreier

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Turning over our homes and personal kitchens for Pesach can be an arduous task. Effectively achieving this in a foodservice (restaurants, catering, hotels) setting can be all the more so. Please join us as we assess and prepare a foodservice location for Pesach: EVALUATION CHECKLIST: Take a complete inventory of kitchens and equipment. Determine suitability for kashering each vessel. Establish the kosher protocol. Procedures must be recorded in writing and approved by the venue. Designate meat and dairy kitchens. Determine if a pareve kitchen is required. Each designated kitchen will need completely separate facilities (refrigerators, ovens, etc.), including dishwashing and pot-washing areas. Facility must include sufficient space for vegetable inspection and preparation, including adequate lighting. If there is only one dishwasher, only one set of dishes (meat or dairy) will be allowed. Determine access from kitchen facilities to dining facilities. Identify distinct food transport apparatus (i.e. carts, trays). Set a schedule for kashering. Each facility should be kashered together. Facility should not be left in a partially kashered state. Any unkashered equipment must be completely segregated from the facility. Pilot lights must be functional to help ensure against bishul akum (food cooked by a non-Jew). Oven door sensors must be bypassed so the oven will remain on when door is opened. Determine if there is steam return to the boiler or not. All utensils must be clearly marked before being used (after tevilah). Employee eating facilities must be completely separate from kashered facilities. Simulate the operation from start to finish, including ingredient receiving, food prep, cooking, serving, clean up, and utensil washing. Anticipate how parallel processing (meat, dairy, pareve) can impact each other.

OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO PASSOVER 5782

KASHERING SUPPLIES LIST: Propane torches large and small Insulated welding gloves Charcoal, not self-igniting 3 different colors of masking tape Aluminum foil Cellophane wrap Pliers Screwdrivers Scrapers Oven cleaner Steel wool Rags

“KOSHER” ENVIRONMENT — Not Just Kosher Food Does the hotel swimming pool allow for separate and private men’s and women’s swimming? Can an eruv be established around the perimeter of the hotel property? Do hotel rooms have manual locks or only electronic locks? Does the hotel have the ability to offer a Shabbos elevator?

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ADMINSTERING THE PROGRAM • Clear scheduling and position assignments to the squad of mashgichim so they may function as a team without leaving gaps in supervision. • Assure that there is training and clearly written instructions (multilingual) for kitchen staff and servers, with kashrus protocols. Protocols must address segregation of foods and utensils to their designated kitchens, use of product only following mashgiach approval, and restrictions against bishul akum. Workers must also understand the basic restrictions that relate to Shabbat and yom tov and hachana (preparation from one day to the next). • All food deliveries must be checked by the mashgiach before entering the building. Mashgiach should have his own set of stickers (e.g. Hello Kitty stickers available in dollar stores) to put on approved products. All unwashed and unchecked vegetables must be isolated from those that have been approved for use. Approved ingredients should be clearly marked by mashgichim and only used thereafter. • Menus must be checked to ensure that there is sufficient time between meals (i.e. meat – dairy, hard cheese – meat). • All Shabbat food (except cholent) must be fully cooked before the onset of Shabbat. Grinders, slicers, mixers, et cetera not permitted for use on Shabbat must be secured so kitchen staff cannot make use of them accidentally or out of habit. • Ensure that when water is added to urns on yom tov, it is done in compliance with holiday restrictions and does not trigger the ignition of heating elements. Make sure that there is sufficient hot water for Shabbos. Inlet valve must be closed before Shabbos.

SOLICITING DIVINE HELP As with any hashgacha, especially one fraught with so many challenges and upon which hundreds of thousands of Jews depend, we must recite a prayer for s’yata dishmaya (Heavenly assistance) for a joyous and kosher Pesach.

OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO PASSOVER 5782

ONE OF THE MOST DAUNTING PREPARATIONS we make for Pesach is kashering, a process to prepare chametz utensils for Pesach use. As with all areas of halachah, those who are unsure of how to apply the rules of kashering to their situation should consult an Orthodox rabbi. The Torah (Bamidbar 31:23) requires kashering utensils acquired from a non-Jew, as they are presumed to have been used in non-kosher cooking (and will have absorbed non-kosher flavor). Since chametz on Pesach is also forbidden, the Talmud applies the laws of kashering to chametz as well. There are four basic methods of kashering. The prescribed method depends on the utensil and how it was used.

HOW TO MAKE YOUR KITCHEN KOSHER-FORPASSOVER, EVEN IF YOU’RE NOT A RABBI Safety Warning: Kashering Involves High Heat! By Rabbi Eli Gersten

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LIBUN GAMUR (BURNING) > " B % ? 5 " ( " 4 F'AH :% 5 " 3& " " ? HAGALAH (BOILING) > ( 5 " % ! . 4 , " % I I 3& : 4 #A = ? = ( 3&

IRUY KLI RISHON (POURED BOILING WATER) . 5 " "*% . " : 4 . 5 .

KASHERING CHECKLIST: LIBUN GAMUR Surface must be heated to a dry temperature of approximately 850° (i.e. self-clean oven) or until it begins to glow.

LIBUN KAL (LIGHT BURNING) . " 6 ''AH : . "

HAGALAH

NOT EVERY MATERIAL CAN BE KASHERED. 2 . 0 C !> 2 " 5 %

The utensil should be completely submerged in a pot of boiling water.

Surface should be completely cleaned with hot water and unused for 24 hours. Surface should be completely clean and dry.

Cold water should be poured over surface.

IRUY KLI RISHON Surface should be completely cleaned with hot water and unused for 24 hours. Surface should be completely clean and dry.

SOME HELPFUL TIPS: It is recommended that one not wait until erev yom tov to run the self-cleaning cycle to kasher an oven, as this is known to be hard on the oven and repairs may be required. Some newer self-cleaning ovens employ Aqualift technology that cleans at low heat; they should be considered like non-selfcleaning ovens (see The Modern Kitchen on page 44 for details). Please note that kashering may discolor oven racks and stovetop burners. If racks have rubber wheels, the wheels may melt. Replacement racks for Pesach should be ordered well in advance of the holiday.

Boiling water should be poured directly over all surfaces followed by cold water poured over the entire surface.

LIBUN KAL Surface should be completely cleaned with hot water and unused for 24 hours. Surface should be completely clean and dry. Surface should be heated to a dry temperature of 550° F (i.e. oven) for a minimum of one hour.

OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO PASSOVER 5782

THE MODERN

KITCHEN SILVERWARE, POTS & OTHER SMALL ITEMS HAGALAH (boiling in water) Rolled lips, seams or cracks that cannot be cleaned will require torching of those areas. Utensils should be immersed one at a time into a pot of boiling water that is on the fire. Water should be allowed to return to a boil before the next item is placed in the pot. The pot can be non-Passover, provided it is clean, has not been used for 24 hours, and water is first boiled in the pot and discarded. Larger items can be submerged in the water one part at a time. Utensils should then be rinsed in cold water.

GAS STOVETOP LIBUN (burning) & COVER The stovetop surface and grates should be cleaned well and not used for 24 hours. The stovetop surface should be covered with foil. The stovetop grates can be replaced or they should be burned out in the oven @ 550° F for one hour.

ELECTRIC STOVETOP LIBUN (burning) & COVER The stovetop surface should be cleaned well and covered with foil. The burners should be turned on until they glow red.

GLASS STOVETOP CANNOT BE KASHERED & MUST BE COVERED* The stovetop surface should be cleaned well and not used for 24 hours. During Pesach, pots should not be placed directly on the stove surface, but rather an aluminum (or other metal) disk should be placed directly under the pot.

KEURIG COFFEE MAKER HAGALAH OR IRUY (pouring boiling water) (for those who kasher plastic) The coffee maker must be cleaned well and not used for 24 hours. Remove K-cup holder and perform hagalah or iruy on K-cup holder. Run a Kosher-for-Passover K-cup in the machine (this will kasher the top pin).

*The entire glass top surface should not be covered as this might cause it to overheat and crack.

METAL TEA KETTLE HAGALAH

HOT WATER URN, WATER COOLER IRUY (pouring boiling water) Urn only used for heating water: Run hot water through the water tap for 10 seconds, while pouring boiling water from a kettle over the water tap. Urn also used to warm food (e.g. to warm challah): Not recommended. Must be put away for the holiday. Water Cooler In addition to pouring boiling water over tap, replace water bottle.

ELECTRIC MIXER NOT RECOMMENDED Because of the difficulty in cleaning out the housing of the mixer from fine particles of flour, one should not use their year-round mixer on Pesach. The mixer blades, though, can be cleaned and kashered with hagalah.

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STAINLESS STEEL SINK IRUY (pouring boiling water) Remove drain. [It is recommended that the drain be replaced. If this is difficult, it may be used if the drain has large holes that can be completely scrubbed clean]. It is preferable to kasher a sink by pouring boiling water in conjunction with an even melubenet (a heated stone). In lieu of kashering with a heated stone, some will place a rack on the bottom of the sink, or use a sink insert. CERAMIC SINK CANNOT BE KASHERED AND MUST BE COVERED The sink should not be used with hot water for 24 hours. The sink should be completely clean and dry. The sink should be covered with layers of contact paper or foil; it is best to purchase a sink insert.

(boiling in water) The same treatment for pots applies here. Although it is uncommon for anything but water to be put into a tea kettle, nevertheless it must be kashered. Tea kettles often sit on the stove, and it is common for them to get spritzed with hot food.

SELF-CLEAN OVENS LIBUN (burning) Remove any visible food. Complete self-cleaning cycle with racks in place.

NON-SELF-CLEANING OVEN LIBUN (burning) Clean all surfaces (walls, floor, doors and racks) thoroughly with a caustic cleanser (e.g. Easy Off). Pay special attention to thermostat, oven window, and edges of the oven chamber. Black discoloration that is flush with the metal need not be removed. Oven should not be used for 24 hours. Place racks in the oven and turn the oven to broil (highest heat) for 60 minutes. A broiler pan that comes in direct contact with food should not be used. Note: The method of kashering described above is based on the ruling of Rav Aharon Kotler zt’l. However, Rav Moshe Feinstein zt’l ruled that the oven must either be kashered with a blow torch, or an insert should be placed in the oven. Consult your rabbi for guidance. WARMING DRAWERS LIBUN (burning) Typically warming drawers do not get to libun kal temperature. Therefore, unless one is experienced in kashering with a torch, warming drawers are not recommended for use on Pesach.

GLOSSARY OF TERMS:

MICROWAVES HAGALAH (boiling in water) (for those who kasher plastic) The microwave must be cleaned well and not used for 24 hours. Glass turntable should be removed and replaced with new kosher-forPassover surface. A styrofoam cup should be filled with water and boiled in the microwave for 10 minutes. The cup should be refilled and moved to another spot and the process repeated for 10 more minutes. Cardboard or contact paper should be taped over the glass window pane for the duration of Pesach.

LIBUN GAMUR - Burning HAGALAH - Boiling IRUY KLI RISHON - Poured Boiling Water EVEN MELUBENET - Heated Stone See pages 42-43 for details on these processes.

REFRIGERATORS, FREEZERS, FOOD SHELVES & PANTRIES CLEAN & COVER THE SINK FAUCET (including instant hot) IRUY (pouring boiling water) Detach any filters or nozzles.

STAINLESS STEEL, GRANITE, COMPOSITE STONE (E.G. QUARTZ) OR FORMICA COUNTERTOPS IRUY (pouring boiling water) OR COVERING It is preferable to kasher a countertop by pouring boiling water in conjunction with an even melubenet. There are different opinions as to whether formica (or plastic) countertops can be kashered for Pesach.

These areas should be thoroughly cleaned, paying special attention to the edges where crumbs may get trapped. The surfaces should be lined with paper or plastic. Note: Refrigerators and freezers will operate more efficiently if holes are poked in the lining to allow air flow.

CERAMIC TILE COUNTERTOPS CANNOT BE KASHERED & MUST BE COVERED

BABY HIGH CHAIR

The counter should be covered with a water-resistant covering.

COVERED The tray should be covered with contact paper. The seat, legs and bars should be wiped down with a soapy rag.

DISHWASHERS HAGALAH (boiling in water) Kashering of dishwashers is a complicated process and should only be done in consultation with a halachic authority.

TABLES COVERED Although wooden tables can be kashered, the common custom is to clean tables well and then cover them. TABLECLOTHS, KITCHEN GLOVES, APRONS & OTHER FABRIC ITEMS WASH Fabric items can be kashered by washing them with detergent in a washing machine set on “hot.” Items should be checked to make sure no pieces of food remain attached.

OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO PASSOVER 5782

LET THEM EAT CAKE: Ingredient Subsitutions Done Right By Carrie Beylus

A friend of mine once told me that when my kids were little, Pesach would be all about the cleaning — getting every last Oatmeal Square out of the den couch, et cetera; but as they get older it would be about the cooking and food preparation.

newly informed teen palates, and the human vacuum cleaner who was once a relatively innocuous, if picky eater.

begin swapping out ingredients, carefully read through the recipe you want to adapt. Consider the quantity of the ingredient you’d have to replace. A cake with three cups of flour is not a good candidate for conversion.

I’ve said it before, and it stands repeating: recipes from the other 357 days of the year are the best solutions to this latest conundrum.

Wow, how right she was — is. These days it’s so much more than, “What will I do without cereal and pasta?!” Now I need to know how to keep the refrigerator filled with ready and appetizing foods for hungry adults,

Remember, stick with recipes and ingredients you are familiar with (or can adapt quickly), and you’ll be assured a tasty and kvetch-free eight days.

All I need for a great menu, a full fridge, and a happy family is some forethought and a little tweaking. The right ingredient substitutions are all it takes. But before you

Baking

1 oz. unsweetened baking chocolate

1 tbls. oil or margarine

1 cup confectioners sugar

3 tbls. cocoa powder

SUGAR

OIL

CHOCOLATE

COCOA

PULSE IN A BLENDER

1 cup granulated sugar (-1 tbls.)

STA

1 tbls. potato starch

1 cup all-purpose white ﬂour

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1/2 cup matzah cake meal

RCH

1/4 to 1/3 cup potato starch

FLOUR

MATZA MEAL

FLOUR

SIFT AFTER MEASURING

STA

1 tbls. all-purpose white ﬂour

STA

RCH

1/2 tbls. potato starch

INGREDIENT SUBSTITUTIONS

7/8 cup potato starch

JUI CE

1 cup buttermilk

1 1/2 tsp. lemon juice

1 tsp. cream of tartar

1 cup corn syrup

1 1/4 cup granulated sugar

JUI CE

1 1/2 tsp. vinegar

1 cup milk

1/2 cup fruit juice

COO KIE S

WATER

SUGAR

MATZA MEAL

WATER 1/4 cup water

1 1/4 cup granulated sugar

JUI CE

UP R Y S

MILK

TARTAR

1 cup honey

1 cup non-dairy creamer

BOIL INTO A SYRUP

VINEGAR

SUGAR

1 tbls. lemon juice

BOIL INTO A SYRUP

CREAMER

RCH

1/3 cup water

WATER

1 cup corn starch

BUTTERMILK

STA

RCH A T S

STIR AND STEEP FOR FIVE MINUTES

1/2 cup water

1 egg

1/4 cup applesauce

1 cup graham cracker crumbs

1 cup ground cookies

1 cup sweetened condensed milk

1 1/2 tbls. oil

1/2 tsp. potato starch

1 1/2 tbls. water

CHEESE

1 cup + 1 tbls. matzah meal ﬁnely ground

CHEESE 1 cup cottage cheese

1 cup cream cheese

1/2 tsp. baking soda

1/2 stick margarine

CONTAINS RAW EGGS

1 cup brown sugar

EGG

CONDENSED

1 egg

1 cup matza cake meal

PUREE BOTH INGREDIENTS TOGETHER

SUGAR

EGG

REPLACES UP TO 2 EGGS

MATZA MEAL

GRAHAM

EGG

USE IN RECIPES WITH ONLY ONE EGG

2 eggs

STA

RCH

2 tbls. potato starch

+ 1/2 tsp. baking powder

1/2 tsp. salt

OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO PASSOVER 5782

INGREDIENT SUBSTITUTIONS

ONI ON

1 cup schmaltz

GRAVY

EGG

SCMALTZ

Cooking

1 tbls. ﬂour for gravy

2 carmelized onions, chopped

1 egg yolk, mixed in

1 cup chili sauce

1/4 cup brown sugar

2 tbls. vinegar

1 T. POULTRY SEASONING

SAUCE

SUGAR

ADD CINNAMON, CLOVE & ALLSPICE TO TASTE

1 cup tomato sauce

1 tbls. sage

dash marjoram

dash thyme

dash black pepper

ADD BLACK PEPPER TO TASTE

1 TSP. ITALIAN SEASONING 1/4 tsp. oregano

1/4 tsp. marjoram

2/3 CUP CURRY POWDER

1/4 tsp. basil

1/8 tsp. rubbed sage

1 tbls. cayenne pepper

1 tbls. onion powder

2 tbls. coriander

2 tbls. ginger

2 tbls. red pepper

2 tbls. tumeric

POWDER 1/4 cup sweet paprika

1 tbls. garlic powder

1 tbls. dried oregano

1 tsp. ground cumin

1 CUP SOY SAUCE

1 1/2 cups beef broth*

1 1/2 CUP BBQ SAUCE

3 tbls. olive oil

2 cloves garlic, minced

1 cup ketchup

1/4 cup water

1 tbls. chili powder (SEE RECIPE ABOVE)

SAUT´E GARLIC IN OIL. ADD REMAINING INGREDIENTS. SIMMER UNTIL DESIRED CONSISTENCY IS REACHED.

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= + +

2 tsp. dark brown sugar

+ + +

2 tbls. paprika 1 tsp. cayenne pepper

1/4 cup 1/4 cup cider vinegar brown sugar

4 tbls. balsamic vinegar

1/4 tsp. ground ginger

pinch garlic powder

pinch (to taste) white salt pepper

COMBINE FIRST 6 INGREDIENTS IN SAUCEPAN TO BOIL. SIMMER FOR 15 MINUTES. *CAN USE PARVE BEEF OR CHICKEN STOCK FLAVOR CUBE IN WATER

NAVIGATING THE

MATZAH By Rabbi Yissachar Dov Krakowski

OU O U ISRAEL LG GUIDE GU UIDE ID DE TO PASSOVER 5782

One of the least understood areas in Pesach foods is the distinction between the different types of matzot. Do I eat only shemurah, shemurah eighteen minutes, regular eighteen minutes, hand, * (ground by hand), or simply regular kosher l’Pesach matzot? Is there really a difference? After all, if the says it’s kosher l’Pesach, isn’t it kosher l’Pesach? The answers to the two latter questions are both yes. Yes, all the aforementioned matzot are kosher l’Pesach, and yes, there are important differences between the various types of matzot. Here is a brief outline of these distinctions.

WHY SHEMURAH?

have a mitzvah prohibiting . By telling us to do something obvious, the Torah appears to be using redundant wording. Since not a word in the Torah is unnecessary, our Sages interpret this instruction to mean that for the matzot we use for the mitzvah of eating matzah at the Seder, there must be an ; guarding—hence the idea of shemurah matzot. The clear implication is that for matzot to be considered shemurah there has to be something “extra” involved in the process, above and beyond

Since not a word in the Torah is unnecessary, our Sages interpret this

The Torah tells us that we may not eat, or even have in our possession, any (leavened grain) during Pesach and commands us to eat matzah (unleavened bread) during the holiday. Our Sages define unleavened bread as dough that is fully baked within eighteen minutes from the moment the flour comes into contact with water. Therefore, all matzot that are kosher for Passover must meet this criterion. Any mixture of grain and water left for longer than eighteen minutes is considered as subject to fermentation and is defined as .

Seder, there must be an

While is forbidden throughout the seven days of Pesach (in the Diaspora, eight days), there is a positive mitzvah to eat matzah on the first night of Pesach, a mitzvah we fulfill at the Seder. Regarding these obligatory matzot, the Torah explicitly commands us to “guard the matzot.” One might assume that the purpose of this “guarding” is to be certain that the matzot don’t become (that is, by not allowing more than 18 minutes to pass from the time the flour and water come into contact until the dough is fully baked). But we already

our vigilance to prevent the dough from fermenting. What this 4 is, is variously interpreted. It either means that we guard the flour from the moment it was ground until it is kneaded into dough and baked, or alternatively, that we guard the wheat kernels from harvest until they are made into matzot. The latter is what is generally referred to as shemurah matzah ( + ), and this is the standard for shemurah matzah certified as such by the OU.

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instruction to mean that for the matzot we use for the mitzvah of eating matzah at the extra guarding—hence the idea of shemurah matzot.

It follows that non-shemurah matzot

can be 100 percent kosher. If only shemurah matzot were kosher, then by definition, the extra care taken in producing them wouldn’t be extra at all, but part of the basic requirements, and hence they would be considered regular kosher l’Pesach matzot. Since the whole idea of having shemurah matzot comes from the injunction of having an extra for the obligatory matzot eaten on the first night of Pesach, one only need use shemurah matzah for the Seder. There are, with regard to Pesach in particular, many different that involve extra stringencies. Using only shemurah matzot for the whole of Pesach is one of those. Thus if it is someone’s to use only shemurah matzah throughout all the days of Pesach, they should continue doing so. If, however, one doesn’t have such a they need not take it upon themselves. There is, however, one additional reason why someone might want to keep the stringency of eating only shemurah matzah: The Gra explains that while eating matzah is obligatory only on Seder night, we fulfill a mitzvah ( *" ) every time we eat matzah throughout the seven days of Pesach, as it says in the " , “Seven days you shall eat matzot.” It may therefore be that all the matzot we eat for the whole of Pesach (in the form of matzah, not as matzah meal) have the status of the and therefore should also require an extra of a sort. If one is eating shemurah for this reason, there is then no reason to use only shemurah matzah when one is using matzah byproducts such as cakes and other foods made with matzah meal.

EIGHTEEN MINUTE MATZOT Another stringency which many observe is to use what is known

as eighteen-minute matzot (often labeled as + ). This term applies to machine-made matzah for which the machinery is stopped, partially taken apart and cleaned every eighteen minutes instead of after an eight-hour shift (or some other time variant). Why is this considered a " rather than a basic requirement? The reason the eighteen-minute requirement is not deemed necessary for regular machine matzot is because we say that since the machine is always moving, all the dough is always getting mixed in (even if it gets stuck on the sides of the equipment briefly). Therefore, there is no risk of any coming into existence. Two additional factors further reduce any possible concern. First, the tiny deposits of dough that get stuck in little nooks and crannies at the sides of the machinery and get remixed into the matzot constitute only a minute amount and are therefore (nullified—viewed as if they didn’t exist at all). Secondly, the machines are in any case cleaned

every few minutes either with air guns or vacuum cleaners. While that cleaning process is not perfect (the equipment remains in operation, with a steady flow of matzah production) it nevertheless provides yet another safeguard against the possibility of chametz.

HAND MATZAH VS. MACHINE MATZAH Both machine and hand matzot can be made with " , and in this regard there are many differences among brands and " certifications. It is important (according to many opinions) that matzot eaten for the mitzvah on Seder night should be made expressly for the sake of the mitzvah. When people are actually doing all the work by hand, it is simple to fulfill this condition. At the beginning of a matzah-baking shift all the workers state explicitly that all the tasks they will perform today toward baking matzot are $ + &—for the sake of the

mitzvah of matzot. While the same declaration could be made by the workers who control the production line of machine matzah, it is a matter of contention as to whether or not such a declaration is effective, as the workers are not actually making the matzot themselves, but merely supervising the machinery. This is why many people shy away from using machine matzot for the Seder. Conversely, there are some who prefer machine matzot over hand matzot, even for the Seder. The reasoning here is that while hand matzot may boast a " in regard to their $ & status, they still cannot compete with the precision of machine matzot, and when we are dealing with issues of , every bit of precision count. Despite the advantage of precision, Pesach is a time when many people have very particular ancestral or community regarding what they eat, and many have the minhag not to use machine matzot for Pesach at all, no matter how " they are, because their ancestors did not use such matzot. OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO PASSOVER 5782

LEAVING EGYPT: A Spiritual Journey By Rabbi Ezra Friedman : / = - + J + ! + D + K E 2 4 + @ . " #& % 5 @ J= K , +

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. I - @ 1 D G . C ! + 1 D - < + G !

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4 N O N * " 4 9 6 M . - 4 0

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OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO PASSOVER 5782

B R O U G H T

PESACH PREP adjective last name Yom Tov same last name verb ending in –ing plural noun verb noun adjective color room in the house piece of furniture appliance verb verb plural noun

T O

TO PLAY ALONE: Cover the right side of the page. Grab a pen and come up with one word for each of the blanks. Put the words into the story and let the laughter begin! TO PLAY WITH FRIENDS: Ask your friends for words and fill in the blanks of the story . Then read it aloud. Get ready for a fantastic, crazy , hysterical Wacky Words story!

If you think Pesach Prep is

, then you’ve never seen Pesach ) + Prep in the house. Each year, we start cleaning for Pesa ch a few days after ends. Each sibling gets an official gĹ ¶Ĺ+ job. One kid is in charge of the . Another + ĺ ) w w %ĺ Ĺ% kid will the Pesach . We make sure to buy a(n) + ĺ Ĺ% roll of foil, because we use it on almost every sur ) + Ĺ Ĺĺ face in our ! Once we wrap the and the ĺĹĹ Ĺ% Ĺ %ĺ %ĺ with foil, we are careful not to chametz on them. + ĺ The younger children in the family usua lly get to and deco + ĺ rate chametz signs to stick on the in the . %ĺ Ĺ% ĺĹĹ Ĺ% My brother always gets the job of out the Ĺ + ĺ ) w with a toothpick. The baby even helps us ﬁnd pieces of Ĺ% by crawling under the ! After lots of vac . ĹĹ) Ĺ %ĺ %ĺ uuming, , and , the house is spotless and + ĺ ) w + ĺ ) w ready for Bedikas Chametz!

room in the house boy’s name verb ending in -ing

Noun: a person, place or thing Examples: dog, ﬂower, girl, boy, mountain, rock

Plural noun:

piece of furniture verb ending in -ing verb ending in -ing

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It can also refer to where or when something happened. Examples: quickly, forcefully, steadily, often, rarely

noun

chametz food

Adverb: a word that describes a verb; it usually ends in “-ly.”

more than one noun (this usually means to add an “S” to a noun) Examples: pencils, spoons, girls, men, candies

Adjective: a describing word

Examples: small, heavy, red, orange, smart, kind, loyal, angry

Interjection: expresses emotion or excitement Examples: oh, hurray, hey, wow, yikes, well

Verb: an action word; something you do Examples: run, swim, jump, think, laugh, cry

O U

B Y Learn. Grow.

Join the fun!

can you f nd...

Illustrated by Hadassah Lengler • • • • • • • •

a baby boy baby girl the arba kosos 3 spills Kriyas Yam Suf 2 people who fell asleep a redhead someone pretending to know how to read

• • • • • •

Eliyahu Hanavi 2 frogs 10 candies the child who’s singing Mah Nishtanah this year The B҄LPNBO, of course! What do the letters on the poster stand for?

OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO PASSOVER 5782

B R O U G H T

T O

RIDDLE If someone buys: 17 po unds of matzah before Pesa ch and all but nine are used up, how many pounds of matzah are left?

CAN YOU FIND THE PATH FROM THE WINE TO THE CUP?

CAN YOU FIND THE HIDDEN WORDS IN THE WORD SEARCH?

AFIKOMEN CHAMETZ CLEANING EGYPT HAGADAH MAROR MATZAH NISSAN PESACH PLAGUES SEDER SLAVES SPRING

O H

M G

I N

S T

L Q

A A

V D

E D

S C

Z A

N B

E T

A F

A A G D

U A

M A V U F N V T

R A I A

O H S V

R C S C

F D M I A N L E

A S C A

Y P T N

R E B I

O S H M D I E K A N G J

COMPLETE THE SUDOKU USING THE FOUR PICTURES BELOW.

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MATCH EACH MATZAH TO THE CORRECT NUMBER.

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Join the fun!

Crossword

Across

5 7 8 10 11 12

Reminds us of the bricks and mortar (8) Round and hard (6) Connected to Shabbos Hagadol (8) Country of the Nile River (5) We pour for someone else (4) A vegetable we dip (6)

Down 11

1 2 3 4 6 7 9

Leafy vegetable (6) Makkas Tzefardeia started here (4) The answer to this is Avadim Hayinu (3, 8) A mean ruler who was a midget (7) 10 punishments (7) The main part of the Seder (6) Rush to eat me (8)

Find the piece that is missing from the matzah.

what happened to the boy who jumped into the red sea?

He got wet PIECE 1 P H A R Z A H O A H F I K O M K A R P A S N

RIDDLE: NINE

M A N R I M R L C H A R O S E S P H R L N A I M A T G S A U H A G G A D E G Y P T G S A I W I N E D A

O U

OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO PASSOVER 5782

PESACH FREEDOM, EVEN WHEN WE WEREN’T: A Passover Sermon from the Warsaw Ghetto By Dr. Henry Abramson

learing the rubble of the devastated Warsaw Ghetto in December 1950, a Polish construction worker made a remarkable discovery: a large tin milk container filled with hundreds of pages of Hebrew and Yiddish manuscripts. The Warsaw Jewish Historical Institute soon determined that the papers constituted the second of three caches hidden by the secret Oneg Shabbat society, which was led by murdered historian Emanuel Ringelblum. The papers documented the life and death of Warsaw w Jewry during the Nazi occupation (the first cache was unearthed in 1946 by survivors, but the documents were irretrievably water-damaged; the location of the third cache remains unknown to this day). The precious artifacts, collected by a band of courageous amateur historians, record the Jews’ struggle to survive the unimaginable conditions of the Ghetto. Included are the wartime sermons of a major Hasidic leader, Rabbi Kalonymus Kalmish Shapiro (1889–1943), which were eventually published in Israel under the title ”Aish Kodesh” (Holy Fire).

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Known to his followers as the Piaseczno Rebbe (pronounced Pee-ah-SECH-no), Rabbi Shapiro lived through three Passovers in the Ghetto before he was deported and then shot in during a camp uprising in November 1943. His sermons demonstrate remarkable spiritual heroism as he attempted, week after week, to give his followers strength to endure unfathomable challenges as hunger, typhus, and the random violence that contributed to a widespread sense of despair and hopelessness among Warsaw Jewry. It is challenging to imagine the tribulations face by the Jews laboring under Egyptian servitude, but a glimpse into the twisted world of the Warsaw Ghetto sheds some light on our ancient experience, viewed through a 20th-century lens, and throws into bold relief the incredible courage and compassion of the Piaseczno Rebbe.

Passover 5700 (1940) The first Passover in the ghetto coincided with the initial construction of the walls that imprisoned the Jews. Frightened by the implications of this German decree, the Rebbe validated their concerns but left room for a ray of hope in a sermon dated April 13, 1940:

We know and believe that all that God does for us — even, God forbid, when God strikes us — is all for our benefit. At the present time we see, however, that we are not solely smitten with physical afflictions but also, Heaven forbid, with those that distance us from the Blessed One. There is neither primary Torah school, nor yeshiva, neither beit midrash in which to pray as a congregation, nor mikveh, and so on. Consequently, a glimmer of doubt, Heaven forbid, arises within us: is it possible that even now God’s intent is for our benefit? If it is for our benefit, God should have chastised us with those things which would have drawn us closer, not with the cessation of Torah study and prayer and, Heaven forbid, the fulfillment of the entire Torah. The Rebbe found the answer to this troubling question, as always, in a discussion of the weekly . The Torah describes that a is the only person qualified to declare that a particular blemish is or — a scholar, no matter how learned, may only express an opinion:

[A scholar] is incapable of saying if it is in truth a plague or affliction. It is a matter of perception, such that one must say “it resembles a plague,” whereas in truth it is an act of benevolence for the Jewish people by means through which God does good for us.

In other words, the Rebbe maintained that a positive outlook is essential, even when the empirical evidence suggested a more ominous interpretation. His courageous optimism was especially notable because the Rebbe was no stranger to loss. Widowed two years before the war, he witnessed the grievous wounds of his only son, hit by shrapnel from the punishing aerial bombardment by the Luftwaffe in late September 1940. His daughter-in-law, who was standing outside the hospital reciting for her husband’s recovery, was killed in a subsequent wave of bombings later that same night, and his son ultimately succumbed to his wounds days later. His o only daughter was seized by the Nazis in 1941 and likely gassed at Treblinka; the R Rebbe never learned what happened to her. The Rebbe’s Torah is challenging, even awesome in the traditional sense of the word: inspiring awe. Yet in his last will, a January 1943 cover letter addressed to anyone who found his buried writings, he left a blessing for us all:

Please print in every work that I urge every single Jew to study m my books, and the merit of my holy ancestors will stand by every student anc and his family, now and forever. The suffering of the Rebbe and the innocent Jews of the Warsaw Ghetto, and the remarkable heroism of Jewish children, serves as a reminder this Passover season of the extremity of Egyptian servitude. Yet in the very center of the maelstrom we see the heroic, selfless service of courageous, visionary leaders who remind us of the eternal promise of Redemption made to our ancestors. May we recall the Torah of their experience, and in so doing, may all judgements be sweetened, and the hiding of the Face finally come to an end with the final Redemption.

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OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO PASSOVER 5782

Q&A

from the Gustave and Carol Jacobs Center for Kashrut Education

Kitniyot on the Shabbat after Pesach Question:

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In the case of kitniyot, there is much more room to be lenient regarding muktzeh, for numerous reasons. First of all, although the halachah to refrain from consuming kitniyot is a sacred custom, the decree of our Sages regarding muktzeh at bein hashemashot may only relate to actual prohibitions and not customs, which might be less binding (see Responsa Rebi Akiva Eiger 1:5).

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Intro to Shemittah Calendar The laws and timing of shemittah produce can be very confusing. In order to stay on top of the issue, it is recommended to be equipped with a shemittah calendar. The Calendar lists all times relating to shemittah laws. The attached introduction gives a background and guide to using the calendar.

OU OU ISRAEL ISRAELGUIDE GUIDETO TOPASSOVER PASSOVER 5782 5782

59 59

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BIUR 5 = " " 5 = % " ? . G " = " I , J! M , K . . O = D I " " + . " * OU U ISR ISRAEL SRAEL SR AEL L GU GUIDE G IDE DE E TO TO PASSOVER P SO PAS SOV O ER R 578 5782 782 78 2

6 61

COMPREHENSIVE KEDUSHAT SHEVI'IT CALENDAR Based on the solar calendar1

FRUIT FRUIT

KEDUSHAT SHEVI'IT STARTS

KEDUSHAT SHEVI'IT ENDS

BI'UR TIME

Almond (dry)

Early Sept. end of shemitah (Early Elul 5782-2022)

Mid-Sept. end of eighth year (Late Elul 5783-2023)

Late Jan. eighth year (Early Shevat 5783-2023)

Almond (green)

Early May shemitah (Early Iyar 5782-2022)

Late May eighth year (Early Sivan 5783-2023)

Late Jan. eighth year (Early Shevat 5783-2023)

Apple

Mid-May shemitah (Mid-Iyar 5782-2022)

Late June eighth year (Mid-Tamuz 2023-5783)

Mid-Jan. eighth year (Late Tevet 5783-2023)

Apricot

Early April shemitah (Late II Adar 5782-2022)

Early May eighth year (Early Iyar 5783-2023)

Late Aug. shemitah (Early Elul 5782-2022)

Avocado

Early Aug. shemitah (Early Av 5782-2022)

Late June eighth year (Mid-Tamuz 5783-2023)

Late July eighth year (Mid-Av 5783-2023)

Blueberry

Late Dec. shemitah (Late Tevet 5782-2021)

Late Dec. eighth year (Early Tevet 5783-2022)

Late April eighth year (Early Iyar 5783-2023)

Carob

Mid-Sept. end of shemitah (Late Elul 5782-2022)

Late Oct. ninth year (Mid-Cheshvan 5784-2023)

Mid-Jan. eighth year (Late Tevet 5783-2023)

Cherry

Mid-April shemitah (Mid-Nisan 5782-2022)

Early June eighth year (Mid-Sivan 5783-2023)

Early Aug. shemitah (Early Av 5782-2022)

Clementine (tangerine) (citrus: Or, Ora, Nova)

Early Sept. end of shemitah (Early Elul 5782-2022)

Early Sept. end of eighth year (Mid-Elul 5783-2023)

Late April eighth year (Early Iyar 5783-2023)

Date

Early Aug. shemitah (Early Av 5782-2022)

Late Sept. beginning of ninth year (Mid-Tishrei 5784-2023)

Purim eighth year (March 7, 5783-2023)

Etrog

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Mid-April eighth year (Late Nisan 5783-2023)

Feijoa

Mid-Oct. eighth year (Late Tishrei 5783-2022)

Mid-Oct. ninth year (Late Tishrei 5784-2023)

Late Feb. eighth year (Early Adar 5783-2023)

Fig

Late April shemitah (Late Nisan 5782-2022)

Late May eighth year (Early Sivan 5783-2023)

Chanukah eighth year (Dec. 19, 5783-2022)

Grapefruit

Early Sept. end of shemitah (Early Elul 5782-2022)

Mid-Nov. ninth year (Early Kislev 5784-2023)

Mid-May eighth year (Late Iyar 5783-2023)

Guava

Mid Aug. end of shemitah (Mid-Av 5782-2022)

Late Aug. end of eighth year (Mid-Elul 5783-2023)

Mid-Dec. eighth year (Late Kislev 5783-2022)

Hazelnut3

No kedushat shevi'it (k.s.)

Not Applicable (NA)

Kiwi

Mid-Sept. end of shemitah (Mid. Elul 5782-2022)

Mid-Sept. end of eighth year (Late Elul 5783-2023)

Mid-March eighth year (Late Adar 5783-2023)

Kobo

Late Dec. shemitah (Late Tevet 5782-2021)

Late Dec. eighth year (Early Tevet 5783-2022)

Mid-Sep. shemitah (Late Elul 5782-2022)

Kumquat

Mid-Oct. beginning of eighth year (Late Tishrei 5783-2022)

Mid-Oct. beginning of ninth year (Late Tishrei 5784-2023)

Mid-March eighth year (Late Adar 5783-2023)

Lemon

Early May shemitah (Early Iyar 5782-2022)

Early May eighth year (Early Iyar 5783-2023)

Late July eighth year (Mid-Av 5783-2023)

Lime

Mid-July shemitah (Mid-Tamuz 5782-2022)

Mid-July eighth year (Late Tamuz 5783-2023)

Mid-Oct. beginning of eighth year (Late Tishrei 5783-2022)

Loganberry

Early June shemitah (Early Sivan 5782-2022)

Early June eighth year (Mid-Sivan 5783)

Mid-Aug. shemitah (Mid-Av 5782-2022)

Loquat

Early Feb. shemitah (Early I Adar 5782-2022)

Early March eighth year (Early Adar 5783-2023)

Mid-May shemitah (Mid-Iyar 5782-2022)

Lychee

Mid-June shemitah (Mid-Sivan 5782-2022)

Mid-June eighth year (Late Sivan 5783-2023)

Mid-Aug. shemitah (Mid-Av 5782-2022)

Mandarin orange

Early Sept. end of shemitah (Early Elul 5782-2022)

Mid-Sept. end of eighth year (Late Elul 5783-2023)

Late April eighth year (Early Iyar 5783-2023)

Mango

Mid-June shemitah (Mid-Sivan 5782-2022)a

Mid-June eighth year (Late Sivan 5783-2023)

Mid-Jan. eighth year (Late Tevet 5783-2023)

Mulberry

Early May shemitah (Early Iyar 5782-2022)

Early May eighth year (Early Iyar 5783-2023)

Late Sept. beginning of eighth year (Early Tishrei 5783-2022)

Nectarine

Early Feb. shemitah (Early I Adar 5782-2022)

Early Feb. eighth year (Early Shevat 5783-2023)

Late Nov. eighth year (Early Kislev 5783-2022)

Oil Olives

Mid-Oct. eighth year (Late Tishrei 5783-2022)

Late Oct. ninth year (Mid-Cheshvan 5784-2023)

Shavu'ot eighth year (May 26, 5783-2023) COMPREHENSIVE KEDUSHAT SHEVI'IT CALENDAR / 1

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Orange

Mid-Sep. end of shemitah. (Late Elul 5782-2022)

Late Nov. ninth year (Mid-Kislev 5784-2023)

Late July eighth year (Mid-Av 5783-2023)

Passionfruit

Late Oct. shemitah (Late Cheshvan 5782-2021)

Mid-Dec. eighth year (Late Kislev 5783-2022)

Mid-Dec. eighth year (Kislev 5783-2022)

Peach

Early Feb. shemitah (Early I Adar 5782)

Early Feb. eighth year (Mid-Shevat 5783-2023)

Late Nov. eighth year (Early Kislev 5783-2022)

Pear

Late June shemitah (Late Sivan 5782-2022)

Late June eighth year (Mid-Tamuz 5783-2023)

Late Oct. eighth year (Early Cheshvan 5783-2022)

Pecan2

Mid-Oct. eighth year (Late Tishrei 5783-2022)

Mid-Nov. ninth year (Early Kislev 5784-2023)

Mid-May eighth year (Late Iyar 5783-2023)

Persimmon

Mid-Sept. end of shemitah (Mid-Elul 5782-2022)

Mid-Sept. end of eighth year (Late Elul 5783-2023)

Late Dec. eighth year (Early Tevet 5783-2022)

Pistachio3

No k.s.

Pitaya

Late Dec. shemitah (Late Tevet 5782-2021)

Late Dec. eighth year (Early Tevet 5783)

Mid-Sept. end of shemitah (Mid-Elul 5782-2022)

Plum - European (oval)

Early Aug. shemitah (Early Av 5782-2022)

Late Sept. end of eighth year (Mid-Elul 5783-2023)

Late Nov. eighth year (Early Kislev 5783-2022)

Plum - Japanese (round)

Early May shemitah (Early Iyar 5782-2022)

Mid-May eighth year (Late Iyar 5783-2023)

Late Dec. eighth year (Early Tevet 5783-2022)

Pomegranate

Late July shemitah (Early Av 5782-2022)

Mid-Aug. eighth year (Late Av 5783-2023)

Mid-Feb. eighth year (Late Shevat 5783-2023)

Pomelo

Early Sept. end of shemitah (Early Elul 5782-2022)

Mid-Nov. ninth year (Early Kislev 5784-2023)

Mid-June eighth year (Late Sivan 5783-2023)

Quince

Late Sept. end of shemitah (Late Elul 5782-2022)

Early Sept. end of eighth year (Mid-Elul 5783-2023)

Mid-Jan. eighth year (Late Tevet 5783-2023)

Sabra (prickly pear)

Mid-May shemitah (Mid-Iyar 5782-2022)

Late June eighth year (Mid-Tamuz 5783-2023)

Early Nov. eighth year (Early Cheshvan 5783-2022)

Star fruit (carambola)

Late Sept. end of shemitah (Late Elul 5782-2022)

Early Sept. end of eighth year (Mid-Elul 5783-2023)

Mid-Feb. eighth year (Late Shevat 5783-2023)

Sweet cherry (Hackberry)

Mid-April shemitah (Mid-Nisan 2022-5782)

Mid-May eighth year (Late Iyar 5783-2023)

Early Aug. shemitah (Early Av 5782-2022)

Sweetsop (sugar apple)

Mid-July. shemitah (Mid-Tamuz 5782-2022)

Late June eighth year (Mid-Tamuz 5783-2023)

Mid-April eighth year (Late Nisan 5783-2023)

Table grapes

Late March shemitah (Late II Adar 5782-2022 )

Early April eighth year (Early April 2023-5783)

Pesach eighth year (April 6, 5783-2023)

Table olives

Mid-Aug. end of shemitah (Mid-Av 5782-2022)

Mid-Aug. end of eighth year (Late Av 5783-2023)

ShAvu'ot eighth year (May 26, 5783-2023)

Walnut

No k.s. 4

Wine grapes

Early July shemitah (Early Tamuz 5782-2022)

Early June eighth year (Mid-Sivan 5783-2023)

Pesach eighth year (April 6, 5783-2023)

VEGETABLES VEGETABLE

KEDUSHAT SHEVI'IT STARTS4

SEFICHIN PROHIBITION STARTS5

SEFICHIN PROHIBITION ENDS

BI'UR TIME6

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Not seﬁchin

Mid-July shemitah (Mid-Tamuz 5782-2022)

Arum

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Early Feb. shemitah (Late Shevat 5782-2022)

Chanukah eighth yea (Dec. 19, 5783-2022)

Asparagus7

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Not seﬁchin

Baby radish (cherry belle/ cherriette)

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Late Oct. shemitah (Late Cheshvan 5782-2021)

Late Oct. eighth year (Early Cheshvan 5783-2022)

Bamiah (okra)

No k.s. 8

Banana7

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Beet

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Mid-Jan. shemitah (Mid-Shevat 5782-2022)

Late Dec. eighth year (Early Tevet 5783-2022)

Beet leAves

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Early Dec. shemitah (Late Kislev, 5782-2021)

Early Jan. eighth year (Early Tevet 5783-2023)

Broccoli

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Early Jan. shemitah (Early Shevat 5782-2022)

Chanukah eighth year (Dec. 19, 5783-2022)

Late May shemitah (Late Iyar 5782-2022)

Butternut squash

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Mid-Jan. shemitah (Mid-Shevat 5782-2022)

Late July eighth year (Early Av 5783-2023)

Early Oct. eighth year (Early Tishrei 5783-2022)

Artichoke

2 / COMPREHENSIVE KEDUSHAT SHEVI'IT CALENDAR

OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO PASSOVER 5782

Carrot

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Late Jan. shemitah (Late Shevat 5782-2022)

Chanukah eighth year (Dec. 19, 5783-2022)

Cauliﬂower

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Mid-Dec. shemitah (Early Tevet 5782-2021)

Chanukah eighth year (Dec. 19, 5783-2022)

Chard

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Early Dec. shemitah (Late Kislev 5782-2021)

Early Jan. eighth year (Early Tevet 5783-2023)

Coriander (cilantro)

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Mid-Nov. shemitah (Early Kislev 5782-2022)

Chanukah eighth year (Dec. 19, 5783-2022)

Cucumber

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Late Oct. shemitah (Mid-Cheshvan 5782-2021)

Mid-Nov. eighth year (Late Cheshvan 5782-2022)

Dill

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Mid-Nov. shemitah (Mid-Kislev 5782-2021)

Mid-Nov. eighth year (Late Cheshvan 5782-2022)

Dry onion

Early Dec. shemitah (Late Kislev 5782-2021)

Early Feb. shemitah (Late Shevat 5782-2022)

Late Jan. eighth year (Early Shevat 5783-2023)

Eggplant9

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Mid-Jan. shemitah (Mid-Shevat 5782-2022)

Chanukah eighth year (Dec. 19, 5783-2022)

Fava beans in a pod

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Early Jan. shemitah (Late Tevet 5782-2022)

Chanukah eighth year (Dec. 19, 5783-2022)

Mid-July shemitah (Mid-Tamuz 5782-2022)

Fennel

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Late Jan. shemitah (Late Shevat 5782-2022)

Chanukah eighth year (Dec. 19, 5783-2022)

Garlic

Mid-Feb. shemitah (Mid-Adar I 5782-2022)

Mid-March shemitah (Mid-Adar II 5782-2022)

Mid-March eighth year (Late Adar 5783-2023)

Mid-Aug. shemitah (Mid-Av 5782-2022)

Green beans (or yellow) in a pod

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Late Nov. shemitah (Late Kislev 5782-2021)

Late Nov. eighth year (Early Kislev 5783-2022)

Mid-July shemitah (Mid-Tamuz 5782-2022)

Horseradish

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Early Oct. shemitah (Late Tishrei 5782-2021)

Chanukah eighth year (Dec. 19, 5783-2022)

Hot pepper10

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Late Jan. shemitah (Late Shevat 5782-2022)

Chanukah eighth year (Dec. 19, 5783-2022)

Kohlrabi (turnip cabbage)

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Mid-Dec. shemitah (Early Tevet 5782-2021)

Chanukah eighth year (Dec. 19, 5783-2022)

Lettuce11

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Mid-Oct. shemitah (Early Cheshvan 5782-2021)

Late Oct. eighth year (Early Cheshvan 5783-2022)

Melon12

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Early Jan. shemitah (Late Shevat 5782-2022)

Chanukah eighth year (Dec. 19, 5783-2022)

Mint4

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Not seﬁchin

Mushroom

No k.s. 13

Paprika

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Mid-Aug. shemitah (Mid-Av 5782-2022)

Late Sept. eighth year (Early Tishrei 5783-2022)

Late Nov. eighth year (Late Cheshvan 5782-2022)

Parsley leaves

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Early Nov. shemitah (Late Cheshvan 5782-2021)

Late Nov. eighth year (Early Kislev 5783-2022)

Parsley root

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Mid-Jan. shemitah (Mid-Shevat 5782-2022)

Late Nov. eighth year (Early Kislev 5783-2022)

Peas in a pod

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Mid-March shemitah (Mid-Adar II 5782-2022)

Chanukah eighth year (Dec. 19, 5783-2022)

Mid-June shemitah (Mid-Tamuz 5782-2022)

Pepper14

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Late Jan. shemitah (Late Shevat 5782-2022)

Chanukah eighth year (Dec. 19, 5783-2022)

Pineapple

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Not seﬁchin15

Potato

Late Oct. shemitah (Late Cheshvan 5782-2021)

Early Jan. shemitah (Late Tevet 5782-2022)

Chanukah eighth year (Dec. 19, 5783-2022)

Pumpkin

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Early Feb. shemitah (Late Shevat 5782-2022)

Late July eighth year (Early Av 5783-2023)

Mid-Nov. eighth year (Late Cheshvan 5782-2022)

Radish

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Mid-Nov. shemitah (Mid-Kislev 5782-2021)

Mid-Nov. eighth year (Late Cheshvan 5782-2022)

Raspberry15

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Not seﬁchin

Late Aug. shemitah (Late Av 5782-2022)

Red cabbage

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Late Jan. shemitah (Late Shevat 5782-2022)

Chanukah eighth year (Dec. 19, 5783-2022)

Scallions

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Mid-Nov. shemitah (Mid-Kislev 5782-2021)

Mid-Nov. eighth year (Late Cheshvan 5782-2022)

Spinach

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Mid-Nov. shemitah (Mid-Kislev 5782-2021)

Late Nov. eighth year (Early Kislev 5783-2022)

Spring onion

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Late Jan. shemitah (Late Shevat 5782-2022)

Chanukah eighth year (Dec. 19, 5783-2022)

COMPREHENSIVE KEDUSHAT SHEVI'IT CALENDAR / 3

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Squash

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Early Nov. shemitah (Late Cheshvan 5782-2021)

Mid-Oct. eighth year (Late Tishrei 5783-2022)

Strawberry

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Early Jan. shemitah (Late Tevet 5782-2022)

Chanukah eighth year (Dec. 19, 5783-2022)

Late Aug. shemitah (Late Av 5782-2022)

Sweet potato

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Mid-July shemitah (Mid-Tamuz 5782-2022)

Chanukah eighth year (Dec. 19, 5783-2022)

Mid-March eighth year (Late Adar 5783-2023)

Tomato

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Late Dec. shemitah (Late Tevet 5782-2021)

Chanukah eighth year (Dec. 19, 5783-2022)

Turnip

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Mid-Jan. shemitah (Mid-Shevat 5782-2022)

Chanukah eighth year (Dec. 19, 5783-2022)

Watermelon

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Mid-Jan. shemitah (Mid-Shevat 5782-2022)

Chanukah eighth year (Dec. 19, 5783-2022)

NA16

White cabbage

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Mid-Dec. shemitah (Mid-Tevet 5782-2022)

Chanukah eighth year (Dec. 19, 5783-2022)

GRAINS/LEGUMES/SEEDS GRAIN/LEGUME/SEED

KEDUSHAT SHEVI'IT AND SEFICHIN PROHIBITION STARTS17

SEFICHIN PROHIBITION ENDS

BI'UR TIME

Barley

Early May shemitah (Early Iyar 5782-2022)

Early May eighth year (Early Iyar 5783-2023)

Late Nov. eighth year (Early Kislev 5783-2022)

Black-eyed peas15

No k.s. (kedushat shevi'it)

Caraway15

No k.s.

Coriander (seeds) 18

Early June shemita (Early Sivan 5782-2022)

Early June eighth year (Mid-Sivan 5783-2023)

Early Dec. eighth year (Early Kislev 5783-2022)

Corn on the cob

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Chanukah eighth year (19 Dec. 5783-2022)

NA19

Dried beans20

No k.s.

Ful (fava beans)

Early April shemitah (Late II Adar 5782-2022)

Early April eighth year (Early April 2023-5783)

Late Nov. eighth year (Early Kislev 5783-2022)

Ginger7

No k.s.

Hummus

Early June shemitah (Early Sivan 5782-2022)

Early June eighth year (Mid-Sivan 5783-2023)

Early Dec. eighth year (Early Kislev 5783-2022)

Lentils20

No k.s.

Millet

Early Aug. shemitah (Early Av 5782-2022)

Mid-Aug. eighth year (Late Av 5783-2023)

Mid-Sept. end of shemitah

Oats20

No k.s.

Peanuts

Mid-Sept. end of shemitah (Mid. Elul 5782-2022)

Mid-Sept. end of eighth year (Late Elul 5783-2023)

Late Nov. eighth year (Early Kislev 5783-2022)

Peas20

No k.s.

Popcorn

Early July shemitah (Early Tamuz 5782-2022)

Early Aug. eighth year (Mid-Av 5783-2023)

Late Nov. eighth year (Early Kislev 5783-2022)

Poppy20

No k.s.

Pumpkin seeds20

No k.s.

Rice

No k.s.

Soy20

No k.s.

Sunﬂower seeds

Mid-Aug. shemitah (Mid-Av 5782-2022)

Mid-Aug. eighth year (Late Av 5783-2023)

Early Dec. eighth year (Early Kislev 5783-2022)

Watermelon seeds

Early July shemitah (Early Tamuz 5782-2022)

Early July eighth year (Mid-Tamuz 5783-2023)

Late Nov. eighth year (Early Kislev 5783-2022)

Wheat21

No k.s.

4 / COMPREHENSIVE KEDUSHAT SHEVI'IT CALENDAR

OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO PASSOVER 5782

HERBS AND SPICES For herbs, see the footnote.22 HERB

KEDUSHAT SHEVI'IT STARTS

KEDUSHAT SHEVI'IT ENDS

SEFICHIN PROHIBITION STARTS

SEFICHIN PROHIBITION ENDS

BI'UR TIME

Anise

No k.s.23

NA23

Basil

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

3 Tishrei eighth year (Sept. 28, 5783-2022)

Early Dec. shemitah (Early Tevet 5782-2021)

Late Nov. eighth year (Early Kislev 5783-2022)

NA26

Bay leaf (Laurel)

Mid-April shemitah (Mid-Nisan 5782-2022)

Mid-May eighth year (Late Iyar 5783-2023)

No seﬁchin23

NA23

Bible Hyssop (za'atar)

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Late Dec. eighth year (Late Kislev 5783-2022)

No seﬁchin15

NA26

Black pepper

No k.s.23

NA23

Caper

Late May shemitah (Late Iyar 5782-2022)

Late May eighth year (Early Sivan 5783-2023)

No seﬁchin

Mid-Nov. eighth year (Late Cheshvan 5783-2022)

Caraway

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Late Jan. eighth year (Early Shevat 5783-2023)

Late Feb. shemitah (Mid-Shevat 5782-2022)

Mid-Feb. eighth year (Late Shevat 5783-2023)

Cardamom

No k.s.23

NA2

NA23

Chives

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Late Nov. eighth year (Early Kislev 5783-2022)

Not seﬁchin

NA26

Cinnamon

No k.s.23

NA23

Clove

No k.s.

NA23

Cumin

No k.s.23

NA23

Fenugreek

No k.s.

Ginger

No k.s.

NA23

Hawaij - coffee mix

No k.s.23

NA23

Hawaij – soup (Yemenite soup mix)

No k.s.

NA23

Hyssop (medicinal plant, Hyssopus officinalis)

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Late Dec. eighth year (Late Kislev 5783-2022)

Not seﬁchin15

NA26

Lemon balm

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Late Nov. eighth year (Early Kislev 5783-2022)

Not seﬁchin15

NA26

Lemon grass

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Late Nov. eighth year (Early Kislev 5783-2022)

Not seﬁchin15

NA26

Lemon verbena

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Late Nov. eighth year (Early Kislev 5783-2022)

Not seﬁchin15

NA26

Mint and peppermint

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Late Nov. eighth year (Early Kislev 5783-2022)

Not seﬁchin15

NA26

No k.s.23

NA23

Nigella (black cumin, kalonji)

No k.s.

NA24

Oregano (wild marjoram)

No k.s.23

Not seﬁchin25

NA26

Mustard 24

Poppy

No k.s.

NA26

Rosemary

Late Sept. shemitah (Mid-Tishrei 5782-2021)

Late May eighth year (Early Sivan 5783-2023)

Not seﬁchin17

NA26

Saffron crocus (autumn crocus)

No k.s.23

NA23

Sage

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Late Nov. eighth year (Early Kislev 5783-2022)

Not seﬁchin15

NA26

Sesame

No k.s.23

Not seﬁchin23

NA26

Tarragon

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Late Jan. eighth year (Early Shevat 5783-2023)

Not seﬁchin

NA26

Thyme

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Early Kislev eighth year (Late Nov. 5783-2022)

Not seﬁchin15

NA26

Tree wormwood

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Early Kislev eighth year (Late Nov. 5783-2022)

Not seﬁchin15

NA26

True watercress

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Early Kislev eighth year (Late Nov. 5783-2022)

Not seﬁchin15

NA26

Turmeric

No k.s.23

NA23

Wormwood

3 Tishrei shemitah (Sept. 9, 5782-2021)

Late Nov. eighth year (Early Kislev 5783-2022)

Not seﬁchin15

NA23

COMPREHENSIVE KEDUSHAT SHEVI'IT CALENDAR / 5

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FOOTNOTES 1 General note: The sefichin prohibition does not apply to fruit. Since the stage that determines kedushat shevi'it for fruit is chanatah, the beginning of the fruit's formation, we follow the solar calendar. This is because the processes of growth for both fruits and vegetables follow the solar calendar. See Tosfos, Rosh Hashanah 15:a. The dates in parenthesis (Gregorian and Hebrew) are correct for this shemitah 2 Some maintain that bi'ur does not apply to pecans, see Rambam Shemitah Veyovel 7:1. 3 This fruit is not grown in Israel (as of 5781). Since all such fruits are imported, the laws of shemitah do not apply. 4 The timetable was prepared based on the average arrival time on the market. 5 The time the sefichin prohibition begins is determined based on the custom to be lenient with vegetables that sprouted before shemitah. For vegetables that sprouted by sp 29 Elul prior to the onset of shemitah, we checked for the earliest date that they can appear on the market. earli 6 Mos Most vegetables are not subject to bi'ur since they are th grown throughout the year in Israel today, so the status of "gone for the animals of the field" does not apply. This includes vvegetables that in the distant and recent past were s only seasonal. However, there are still some vegetables that are seasonal and there are times when they are not growing in the field. Therefore, the laws of bi'ur do apply to them. 7 The sefichin prohibition does not apply to perennial plants. 8 Yivul nochri, crops raised and owned by non-Jews, so the laws of shemitah do not apply. 9 From Cheshvan through Adar, most eggplants sold in Israel are grown in the Aravah, which is within the olei Mitzrayim borders. Some are grown by non-Jews. In such cases the decree of sefichin would not apply. 10 Black and white pepper powder are imported from abroad. 11 Insect-free leafy vegetables growing on detached platforms do not have kedushat shevi'it, so the sefichin prohibition does not apply to them.

within the Olei Mitzrayim borders. 15 The sefichin prohibition does not apply to perennial plants. 16 Since watermelons grow in the Aravah throughout the shemitah year, bi'ur does not apply. That is, watermelons are always Available to animals in the field, similar to most other vegetables that are grown all year long. In the past, watermelon did not grow in Israel around the year, which is why they had been previously subject to the laws of bi'ur. 17 For these crops, the stage of growth that determines their status is one-third of their growth as of Rosh Hashanah ah of shemitah. 18 These are coriander seeds, not the leaves. Coriander ander seeds are needed to grow coriander leaves, and the growing time is much longer for the seeds than for the he leaves. This is why its bi'ur time is different than the one found for coriander leaves. 19 Since it can be found growing in the field all year round, bi'ur does not apply. 20 These plants do not grow in Israel (as of 5781) and are all imported—so the laws of shemitah do not apply to them. 21 In Israel , almost all wheat for human consumption is imported. Locally grown wheat is used for animal fodder. As this is the case, we need not be concerned that the wheat and wheat products on the market need bi'ur. 22 Herbs assume kedushat shevi'it from the time there is new growth. If the beginning of the plant growth occurred after Rosh Hashanah, the plant has kedushat shevi'it. 23 Shemitah laws do not apply to imports. However, if one grows such plants in their garden, the plant assumes kedushat shevi'it. Nevertheless, bi'ur does not apply. For annuals, however, if the plant self-seeded and sprouted during the shemitah year, the sefichin prohibition also applies. 24 Produced by non-Jews—shemitah laws do not apply. 25 Perennial plant—the sefichin prohibition does not apply. 26 Grows all year long—the bi'ur obligation does not apply.

12 During the winter most melons are grown in the Aravah. 13 Not a plant according to halachah, so the laws of shemitah do not apply to it. 14 During the winter peppers grow in the Aravah, which is

6 / COMPREHENSIVE KEDUSHAT SHEVI'IT CALENDAR

OU ISRAEL GUIDE TO PASSOVER 5782

GLOSSARY OF ISRAELI KASHRUT

The following glossary includes additional terminologies relating to kashrut beyond the scope of this guide, to enhance the reader’s overall familiarity with kashrut related topics. This glossary has been updated to include Pesach terminology.

ASHKENAZIM (‫)אשכנזים‬ – a Jewish ethnic group which originated from Western and Eastern Europe. The customs of Ashkenazim differ from SEFARDIM. ARAVA DROMIT (‫ערבה‬ ‫)דרומית‬, Southern Arava – A region in the southern Negev desert that is considered to be CHUTZ LA’ARETZ and thus exempt from certain MITZVOT HAT’LUYOT BA’ARETZ (TERUMAH, MA’ASER, SHEMITTAH). Authorities dispute the exact location and borders of this area. ACHRONIM (‫)אחרונים‬ The great rabbis in the era following the SHULCHAN ARUCH, from the fifteenth century to today. ATZITZ NAKUV (‫עציץ‬ ‫ נקוב‬lit. “Perforated flowerpot”) – A flowerpot or planter with holes on the bottom. Halachically,

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such a receptacle is considered connected to the ground. All halachot pertaining to vegetation grown in the ground apply to produce grown in an atzitz nakuv. Authorities debate how large a pot’s holes must be in order for it to be considered an atzitz nakuv.

ATZITZ SHE’EINO NAKUV (‫עציץ שאינו נקוב‬ lit. “non-perforated flowerpot”) – A flowerpot or planter that’s completely sealed on the bottom. Our Sages decreed that anything growing in an atzitz she’eino nakuv is obligated on a rabbinic level in all halachot pertaining to produce grown in the ground. Authorities debate whether certain halachot don’t apply to atzitz she’eino nakuv.

BADATZ (‫בד“ץ‬, acronym for ‫ – )בית דין צדק‬Private Israeli kashrut certification. Not all badatzim have the same standards. Not affiliated with the Chief Rabbinate. BAYIT SHENI (‫)בית שני‬ The Second Temple, which stood in Jerusalem from 3622 (139 CE) to 3829 (69 CE). BEDI’AVAD ‫“ ;)בדיעבד‬after the fact” – A less than ideal approach to a halachic issue, based on circumstances that have already occurred. BEIT DIN (‫ ;בית דין‬lit. “house of judgment”) – Court of three rabbis, certified as Torah judges, which rules based on halachah. BERACHAH (‫)ברכה‬ – Blessing, usually referring to a prescribed text recited before or after performing various actions.

BESARI (‫ )בשרי‬Meaty, fleishig – This term appears on kashrut certificates issued to restaurants serving meat as well as on products which contain meat. BISHULEI AKUM (‫בישולי‬ ‫ – )עכו“ם‬Kosher food cooked by a non-Jew which is prohibited for consumption by Jews. Only certain foods are included in the prohibition. Foods not included in the prohibition may be fully cooked by non-Jews. BISHUL YISRAEL (‫בישול‬ ‫ – )ישראל‬Kosher food cooked by Jews. There is a dispute among authorities as to how much Jewish intervention is required

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in order to deem the food bishul Yisrael rather than BISHULEI AKUM. Not all food requires bishul Yisrael. BIUR (‫ – )ביעור‬The act of removing SHEMITTAHsanctified produce from one’s possession.

C CHADASH (‫ חדש‬lit. “new”) – Grains wheat, barley, oats, spelt and rye) that have been planted after the fifteenth of Nisan and reaped before the fifteenth of Nisan of the next year is considered chadash and may not be consumed until the latter date passes. CHALAV AKUM (‫חלב‬ ‫ – )עכו“ם‬Milk from a kosher animal which was milked by a nonJew without any Jew present or in close vicinity. Our Sages decreed that chalav akum is prohibited for consumption. CHALAV STAM (‫)חלב סתם‬ – Milk that was milked from a kosher animal by a non-Jew in a place with government supervision. The governing body also fines companies that break such regulations and holds them accountable. This supervision protects against any tampering with the milk, including adding milk from other animals.

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CHALAV YISRAEL (‫חלב‬ ‫ – )ישראל‬Milk that was milked from a kosher animal by a Jew, or alternatively, by a nonJew while a Jew was present or in close vicinity. CHALAVI (‫ – )חלבי‬Milky, milchig, listed on certificates or labels to state that a restaurant or food is dairy.

CHALAK (‫ חלק‬lit. “smooth”) – Refers to the smoothness of the lungs of a cow. This term is used to define if beef is glatt kosher. In Israel, not all meat is glatt. The term is also commonly misused regarding the kosher status of slaughtered chickens, although in certain circles it has become accepted as a term to define a higher standard for the SHECHITAH of chickens.

CHAMETZ- (‫ )חמץ‬- Grains (wheat, barley, oats, spelt or rye) that have been mixed with water and not baked within 18 minutes. Any chametz or product containing chametz is prohibited for consumption or benefit throughout the seven days of Pesach.

CHARAKIM (‫– )חרקים‬ Insects, see TOLAI’IM.

CHUMRAH (‫– )חומרה‬ Stringency in observing Jewish law within and sometimes beyond halachic requirements.

CHUTZ LA’ARETZ (‫חוץ‬ ‫ ;לארץ‬lit. “outside the land”) – Any location outside the land of Israel.

D DEMAI (‫ – )דמאי‬All fruit that carries a doubt as to whether halachic tithes were taken.

HAGALAH (‫ – )הגעלה‬The procedure for kashering utensils using boiling hot water. HANA’AH (‫– )הנאה‬ Benefit. It is forbidden to benefit (sometimes even indirectly) from certain prohibitions or transgressions. HARABBANUT HARASHIT (‫)הרבנות הראשית‬ – Chief Rabbinate. In Israel there is a state rabbinate that oversees matters such as kashrut, to a minimum halachic standard. HASGACHAH TZEMUDAH (‫ השגחה צמודה‬lit. “tight supervision”) -The term refers to production where a mashgiach is on site throughout the entire production. HAVLA’AH (‫הבלעה‬, lit. “swallowing”) – Bundling, packaging, i.e., the practice of overpaying

for one item or service in order to receive another as well.

HETER MECHIRAH (‫היתר‬ ‫מכירה‬, lit. “dispensation based on sale”) – Circumvention of SHEMITTAH observance by selling or leasing land in Israel to a non-Jew for the duration of the SHEMITTAH year.

I ISUR VE’HETER (‫איסור‬ ‫ והיתר‬lit. “the prohibited and the permissible”) – The halachic expression pertaining to kashrut and dietary laws.

K KASHER LEPESACH LEMEHADRIN (‫כשר‬ ‫ )לפסח למהדרין‬-The term appears on restaurants or establishments during Pesach. Normally the mehadrin term refers to products not containing kitniyot, although they may contain sheruyah products (gebrochts).

KEDUSHAT SHEVI’IT (‫קדושת שביעית‬,lit. “holiness of the seventh”) – SHEMITTAH sanctity. The term applies to produce that grew in Eretz Yisrael during the SHIMITTAH year. KILAYIM (‫– )כלאים‬ Forbidden mixtures, such as the prohibition on planting certain different species together.

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KITNIYOT (‫ קטניות‬lit. Legumes) – many early halachic authorities rule that there is a binding custom not to consume certain types of legumes during Pesach. The custom is observed by Jews of Ashkenazic ancestry and certain Sephardi communities as well; other Sephardic Jews do consume kitniyot on Pesach.

L L’CHATCHILAH (‫לכתחילה‬, lit. “from the outset”) – In the most ideal manner, i.e., the way one should ideally approach an issue of halachah.

LE’OCHLEI KITNIYOT BILVAD (‫לאוכלי קטניות בלבד‬ lit. “only for those who consume kitniyot”). The term may appear on food certified kosher for Pesach. It testifies that only those who have the custom to eat kitniyot on Pesach may consume this product.

LIFTIT/ MECHIL LIFTIT (‫מכיל לפתית‬/‫ לפתית‬lit. “contains rapeseed”) Later authorities dispute whether rapeseeds are included in the custom of those who do not consume kitniyot. The term appears on food that does not contain actual kitniyot yet contain rapeseed oil (more commonly known as canola oil).

M MA’ASER pl. MA’ASROT (‫ – )מעשרות‬Tithes that one is obligated by Jewish law to remove from produce grown in the land of Israel.

LIBUN (‫ )ליבון‬The method of kashering utensils using an open flame. There are two different types of libun: libun kal and libun chamur. LELO CHASHAH KITNIYOT ‫ללא חשש קטניות‬ lit. “Without any concern of kitniyot”). The term appears on many foods that are certified kosher for Pesach. It testifies that those who keep the custom not to consume kitniyot may consume such a product.

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distribution of TERUMAH and MA’ASER RISHON, which in the times of the Temple would be brought to Jerusalem. If the quantity of the ma’aser was too large to transport, it was redeemed monetarily on animals for sacrifices or on food consumed in Jerusalem. Today, all MA’ASER SHENI is redeemed through money. The money is not spent and remains “holy.”

MATZA MENUTAK (‫מצע‬ ‫ ;מנוטק‬lit. “separated surface”) – Methods of growing produce during SHEMITTAH in indoor greenhouses on raised surfaces and disconnected from the ground.

MASHGIACH pl. MASHGICHIM (‫)משגיח‬ – Kashrut supervisors. Normally mashgichim are on-site workers supervising kosher production. The amount of time the mashgiach needs to be present depends on the type of food and production.

MA’ASER RISHON (‫מעשר‬ ‫ ראשון‬lit. “First Tithe”) – A tenth of what is left in the grain or produce after the distribution of TERUMAH. By Biblical law, the tenth is set aside and given to the Levites.

MATZOT CHAI DAKOT (‫ )מצות ח“י דקות‬- Kosherfor-Pesach matzah. The process of mixing, kneading, shaping and inserting into the oven is completed within 18 minutes.

MA’ASER SHENI (‫מעשר‬ ‫ שני‬lit. “Second Tithe”) – A tenth of the crop remaining after the

MATZOT CHAI REGA’IM (‫ – )מצות ח“י רגעים‬Another term for MATZOT CHAI DAKOT; see above.

MATZVOT AVODAT YAD (‫ – )מצות עבודת יד‬Kosher matzah made by hand. MATZOT MECHONAH/ MACHINE (/‫מצות מכונה‬ ‫ – )מאשין‬Kosher matzah made using machinery. There is doubt regarding whether every mechanical function, such as using an electric, rather than manual, grinder would define matzah as machine-made. MEHADRIN (‫– )מהדרין‬ Exceeding the minimum standards of halachah, generally associated with kashrut, although many standards and opinions exist regarding what exactly is considered “mehadrin”. The subject of mehadrin is very subjective and complex. One should consult with their rav. MEHUDAR (‫מהודר‬, lit. “beautified”) – Exceeding minimum halachic standards or requirements. MINHAG (‫ – )מנהג‬custom, normally refers to customs in the area of halachah. MITZVOT HAT’LUYOT BA’ARETZ (‫מצוות‬ ‫ – )התלויות בארץ‬Torah commandments pertaining to the land of Israel, mostly referring to agricultural laws.

N NETA REVAI (‫)נטע רבעי‬ – Produce of a tree in the fourth year of its growth, after the prohibited three-year ORLAH period has passed. The fruit needs to be eaten in a certain part of YERUSHALYIM or redeemed on a coin. Today all NETA REVAI is redeemed and not eaten in YERUSHALAYIM NOCHRI (‫ ;נוכרי‬lit. “stranger”) – non-Jew.

O OLEI BAVEL (‫עולי בבל‬ lit. “those who made aliyah from Babylonia”) – The territories of the land of Israel that were conquered by the Jews who moved from Babylonian at the beginning of the Second Temple and were sanctified by Ezra and his BEIT DIN. This conquest of the Jews is also called “second holiness” (Kedushah Sheniyah). It is universally accepted that this area is biblically obligated in the MITZVOT HAT’LUYOT BA’ARETZ. OLEI MITZRAYIM (‫עולי‬ ‫ מצרים‬lit. “those who made aliyah from Egypt”) – The territories of the land of Israel that were conquered by the Jews in the days of Yehoshua Bin Nun and were sanctified by Yehoshua Bin Nun and his beit din, and ended in their conquest in the days of King David and were

sanctified in the time of the First Temple. The area wasn’t reconquered by the Jews during their return from Babylonia. According to certain authorities, one may be lenient regarding the mitzvot of the land of Israel (TERUMA, MA’ASER, SHEMITTAH) in these areas.

ORLAH (‫ – )ערלה‬The Torah prohibition on eating fruit that grows from a tree during the first three years after it was planted. OTZAR BEIT DIN (‫אוצר‬ ‫ בית דין‬lit. “a storehouse [operated by] beit din”) – A system in which the beit din takes control of the growing conditions and the distribution process of produce during the SHEMITTAH year.

P PACH SHEMITTAH (‫פח‬ ‫ שמיטה‬lit. “SHEMITTAH Bin”) – A special bin/ waste basket for leftovers and edible peels of holy SHEMITTAH produce. PAT AKUM (‫– )פת עכו“ם‬ Kosher bread from any of the five grains (wheat, barley, oats, spelt and rye) baked by a non-Jew. Early sources record a rabbinic prohibition against consuming pat akum. There is a dispute among early

authorities and later poskim regarding the validity and extent of this prohibition.

PAT YISRAEL (‫)פת ישראל‬ – Kosher bread from any of the five grains (wheat, barley, oats, spelt and rye) baked by a Jew. It is sufficient for a Jew to have minimal involvement in the baking process in order to deem the bread pat Yisrael. For example, according to all opinions, if a Jew lit the oven and a non-Jew placed the bread in the oven, the bread is considered pat Yisrael.

R RABBANUT MEHADRIN (‫ – )רבנות מהדרין‬A higher standard of kashrut from local rabbinates. Not all local rabbinates have the same standard.

RABBANUT MEKOMIT (‫ – )רבנות מקומית‬Local Rabbinate, municipal rabbinate in charge of kashrut for different jurisdictions. The local rabbinate follows the standards of the chief rabbinate and is an extension of the larger government organization.

RISHONIM (‫;ראשונים‬ lit. “the First Ones”) – The great rabbis in the era preceding the SHULCHAN ARUCH, from the eleventh to fifteenth centuries

S SEPHARDIM (‫ספרדים‬ lit. “those from Spain”) – a Jewish ethnic group originating from Spain, North America, the middle east and western Asia. This group has a wide range of customs regarding kashrut which varies from that of ASHKENAZIM.

? SAFEK (‫ – )ספק‬A halachic doubt or question.

SEFICHIN (‫ ;ספיחין‬lit. “herbs”) – A prohibition enacted by the Sages forbidding the consumption of all selfseeded (and purposely grown) produce that sprouts during the SHEMITTAH year. Legumes, grains and vegetables are part of the decree. Fruit is not included.

SHA’AT HABIUR (‫שעת‬ ‫ – )הביעור‬Deadline by which one must renounce ownership of all SHEMITTAHsanctified products.

SHABBAT HA’ARETZ (‫שבת‬ ‫ – )הארץ‬The sabbatical year of the land of Israel. Also a book on the laws of SHEMITTAH by Rav Avraham Yitzchak Hakohen Kook zt” l (18651935)

SHAMUR V’NE’EVAD (‫ ;שמור ונעבד‬lit. “guarded and worked”) – SHEMITTAH produce that was guarded and/ or worked in a prohibited fashion. SHECHITAH (‫– )שחיטה‬ Ritual slaughter. SHEMIRAT HAMITZVOT (‫– )שמירת המצוות‬ Observance of the commandments. A non-observant Jew isn’t trusted in certain halachic areas.

SHEMITTAH (‫ – )שמיטה‬The sabbatical year which takes place in the land of Israel according to Torah law (Vayikra 25:1–5). SHEMITTAH occurs every seven years, based on an ancient cycle. In a leap year, SHEMITTAH lasts thirteen months. SHE’ERIYOT (‫ שאריות‬lit. “leftovers”) – Leftover food or edible peels of holy SHEMITTAH fruit that may not be discarded in a regular manner.

8 SHEMINIT (‫ שמינית‬lit. “The Eighth Year”) – The year following the SHEMITTAH year. Certain halachot pertaining to SHEMITTAH apply to the eighth year as well. SHEVI’IT (‫ ;שבעית‬lit. “the seventh”) – The seventh year of the seven-year SHEMITTAH cycle. See SHEMITTAH

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SHERUYAH (‫– )שרויה‬ Commonly known as gebrochts. Matzah that was baked properly and placed in liquid is not considered chametz. However a widelyobserved custom exists not to consume any matzah that was placed in any liquid after being baked. The term, which normally appears on foods or advertisement for programs refers, to the custom to either eat or not eat such matzah. SHISHIT (‫ ;ששית‬lit. “the sixth”) – The sixth year of the seven-year SHEMITTAH cycle. SHULCHAN ARUCH (‫שולחן‬ ‫ ;ערוך‬lit. “set table”) – The Code of Jewish Law. The Shulchan Aruch was written by Rabbi Yosef Caro in Safed in 1563. The Rema (Rabbi Moshe Isserles) added in his comments to this work

T TE’UDAT KASHRUT (lit. Certificate of Kashrut) – Certificate of kashrut for an establishment.

Kohen. Terumat ma’aser can only be consumed by a (ritually) pure Kohen while the produce is still ritually pure. TEVEL (‫ – )טבל‬Untithed produce grown in Israel. Such produce is prohibited for consumption until tithed.

TOLAI’IM ‫ תולעים‬lit. “worms” – Non-kosher insects present in foods. TZIBBUR (‫)ציבור‬. Community. The term is sometimes used in relation to a custom or practice of a certain group (see Avot 2:4

Y YERUSHALAYIM (‫)ירושלים‬. Jerusalem. Certain foodrelated mitzvot apply only in Yerushalayim, and even then, only on Har HaBayit (the Temple Mount) and in some sections of the Old City.

TERUMAH, TERUMOT (‫ ;תרומות‬lit. “Removed portions”) – A type of tithe given to the Kohen. Terumah can only be consumed by a (ritually) pure Kohen while the produce is still ritually pure.

YEVUL CHU”L (‫יבול חו“ל‬ lit. “Diaspora Crop”) – Produce imported from non- Jewish farmers living outside ERETZ YISRAEL. According to all opinions there is no need to keep the sanctity of SHEMITTAH (KEDUSHAT SHEVI’IT) with yevul chul.

TERUMAT MA’ASER (‫ – )תרומת מעשר‬A tithe given from the Levi to the Kohen. A tenth of the MA’ASER RISHON the Levi received is given to the

YEVUL NOCHRI (‫יבול נוכרי‬ lit. “Non-Jewish Crop”) – Produce marketed during SHEMITTAH from farms in Israel owned and controlled by non-

Jews. In many cases, the non-Jewish produce is from Palestinian farmers in Judea and Samaria. According to certain authorities, one should treat YEVUL NOCHRI with the sanctity of SHEMITTAH (KEDUSHAT SHEVI’IT). YISHUV, the (‫;הישוב‬ lit. “settlement”) – In context, this refers to the modern-day Jewish settlement of Israel. YITZUR MEYUCHAD (‫ יצור מיוחד‬lit. special production) – Special kosher production performed at times at non-kosher factories worldwide. In Israeli plants, it refers to a special production carried out by private certifications. YITZUR MEYUCHAD LEPESACH ‫יצור מיוחד‬ ‫)לפסח‬: Special Pesach production run, performed at times at non-kosher-for-Pesach factories worldwide and in Israel. YASHAN (‫ ישן‬lit. “old”). Grain (wheat, barley, oats, spelt and rye) harvested after the fifteenth of Nisan and therefore permitted for consumption. YOVEL (‫ – )יובל‬The jubilee year which following seven SHEMITTAH cycles. Authorities debate whether yovel is the forty-ninth year (coinciding with SHEMITTAH) or the fiftieth. Among the unique halachot of yovel, certain land purchases must be returned to their original owners, and Jewish slaves go free.

Guidelines for Medicines 1

Exercise extreme caution and consult with your doctor and rabbi before making a decision not to take a medicine.

If substitution is not possible and the person is in a state of sakana or safek sakana (any possible danger to human life), the medication may be owned and consumed. The same applies if the condition is not yet a safek sakana but may deteriorate to that point. A rabbi should be consulted as to whether it is preferable to purchase the medicine before or during Pesach, and as to m how to dispose of the medicine once the danger passes.

2 Known and tested medications in the form of creams, nonchewable pills and injections may be owned, used and consumed on Pesach, even if they contain chametzz or kitniyot, since they are inedible. This covers most medicines used by adults. However, if an equally effective chametz-free alternative is available or procurable, this should be used instead.

It is permissible to grind pills and mix the powder into food items so that a child can take medicine on Pesach. However, a doctor must be consulted to make sure that the child is getting the correct dosage and that the potency of the pill is not compromised by altering its consistency.

If substitution is not possible and a doctor determines that there is no possibility of sakana if the person does not take the medicine, a rabbi should be consulted. He may be able to determine that the medicine does not contain chametz and/or kitniyot, or he may decide that the medicine may be consumed due to the seriousness of the patient’s condition.

Liquid medicines, chewable pills and pills coated with a flavored glaze are considered palatable and may contain chametz.

Unless an equivalent alternative is available, medicinal items which contain kitniyot are permitted for people who are ill. Questions on this issue should be directed to your rabbi.

Also gelcaps may present a problem because they may contain non-kosher edible gelatin. Therefore:

A. If possible, they should be replaced, under the direction of a doctor, with a non-chewable, uncoated pill.

5 These guidelines do not address the more general prohibition of consuming medicines on Shabbat and yom tov.

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Articles inside

Sefirat HaOmer Chart

Pesach Freedom, Even When We Weren’t A Passover Sermon from the Warsaw Ghetto

Gidelines for Medicines

The Modern Kitchen

Navigating the Matzah Maze

The Kashering Primer

About the Gustave & Carol Jacobs Center for Kashrut Education

What Happens If I Find Chametz on Pesach? Well, That Depends...

Ask the Rav: Rav Hershel Schachter Discusses Pesach

Assuring Insect-Free Romaine Lettuce

Sizing Up the Seder

Everything You Need to Know about Kiniyot

The What and Why of Eruv Tavshilin

Of Food and Freedom: Navigating Pesach with Food-Related Conditions