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Chapter 2 · Basic Procedures for Facilitation
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. Fig. 2.9. Timing for emphasis using stabilizing contractions of strong muscles. a, b Exercising elbow flexion using the pattern of flexion-adduction-external rotation with stabilizing contractions of the strong shoulder and wrist muscles, c, d Exercising finger flexion using the pattern extension-adduction-internal rotation with stabilizing contraction of the strong shoulder muscles
segment, so resisting the contraction is called “locking it in.”
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The patterns of facilitation may be considered one of the basic procedures of PNF. For greater clarity we discuss and illustrate them in Chapter 5.
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Patterns
References Brooks VB (1986) The neural basis of motor control. Oxford University Press, New York Chan CWY (1984) Neurophysiological basis underlying the use of resistance to facilitate movement. Physiother Can 36 (6):335-341
Conrad B, Meyer-Lohmann J (1980) The long-loop transcortical load compensating reflex. Trends Neurosci 3:269-272 Dudel JR, Menzel R, Schmidt RF (1996) Neurowissenschaft. Springer, Heidelberg Berlin New York Evarts EV, Tannji J (1974) Gating of motor cortex reflexes by prior instruction. Brain Res 71:479-494 Fischer E (1967) Factors affecting motor learning. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 46 (1):511-519 Frank JS, Earl M (1990) Coordination of posture and movement. Phys Ther (12):109-117 Gellhorn E (1947) Patterns of muscular activity in man. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 28:568-574 Gellhorn E (1949) Proprioception and the motor cortex. Brain 72:35-62 Gentile AM (1987) Skill acquisition: action, movement and neuromotor processes. In Carr JH, Shepherd R B (eds) Movement science. Foundations for Physical Therapy in Rehabilitation. Rockville MD: Aspen Publications