Buztin-Min: The Project by Olatz Pereda - Final Project Fabricademy 2021-2022 by Olatz Pereda

Buztin-Min The Project

Olatz Pereda

Buztin-Min The Project

Final Project Fabricademy 2021-2022 By

Olatz Pereda

Contents 1. Introduction Buztin-Min - The Concept

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The Whole Process • 1.Creating BioMaterials Based on Local Clays - How To Prepare Your Clay - The Recipes - How to Prepare Your Samples - How to Dry Your Samples

2. Inspirations Where the Inspiration Comes From • Adital Ela • MON STUDIO • Atelier NL • Francesca Perona • Terra Performa • Godot Studio • Jonathan Keep • JetClay • Olivier van Herpt

11 12 13 14 15 16 • 2. Mold Creation For Casting 17 - Handmade Mold Creation Adjustable Mold Creation Technique 18 19 - Digital Mold Creation Digital Mold Design With Grasshopper 20 Some Mold Designs, Tries and Results 21

3. The Process

23 • 3. 3D Printing & 3D Ceramic Printer Building

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58 4. My Contemporary Ceramics Workshop - 3D Printing With Ceramics Designing in Grasshopper for 3D printing With CeraBuztin-Min, The First Step to Fulfil the Dream of 59 Life mics 63 Preparing the Ceramic 3D Printer 72 5. Bibliography & Useful Links 3D Printing With Local Clays - 3D Ceramic Printer Building: Claudya Inspiration: Jonathan Keep’s 3D Ceramic Printer Claudya Cluadya’s BOM All the Parts You Need Building Claudya Some Changes on the Design Trying the Syringes Buztin-Min: Claudya User Manual

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Introduction

Buztin-Min - The Concept Buztin-Min is a play on words between two Basque words: Buztin which means “Clay” and Herrimin which means “Homesickness”, so both words together will show in some way how much I missed working with clay during the past years. The actual aim of this project is, apart from working with clay again, to place value on Local Resources, particularly on my hometown (Alonsotegi) Local Clays by crafting them as BioMaterials and also 3D printing them. In fact, this project is only the first step for fulfilling the dream of my live: The creation of my Ceramics Contemporary Workshop focused on Creation & Creative Therapies based on Ceramics.

Inspirations & References

Where the Inspiration Comes From As my project is divided in 3 different approaches towards woking with Local Clays, my inspirations and research are diverse. Some of the following references have been chosen not only because of the material, but also because of the way the work and the techniques they use, amont other things.

Adital Ela She stands on encouraging sustainability and inventing fresh ways to preserve our planet. Her studio S-Sense based out of Israel defines itself by these three principles: 1. Planet: Design of products and services that support sustainability. 2. People: Design that empowers people and communities. 3. Value: The promotion of sustainable design thinking action and education.

Terra Stools, Adital Ela

Adobe Project, MON Studio

MON STUDIO Ali Salamatian is an architect and the founder of MON (Materials of Nature). He believes that alternative materials and techniques can be used to meet global issues. Some of the techniques he has been experiencing are the Adobe (mud brick), the Rammed Earth and 3D Printing Earth.

Rammed Earth Wall, MON Studio

Earthen Floor R&D, MON Studio

During these past months, I have been lucky of being in touch with him, he not only helped me with my research about the Local Clays, but also adviced me a lot and shared a lot of knowledge about earth and clay with me.

Polderwall, Atelier NL

Atelier NL Atelier NL place value on local materials by transforming the raw earth into everyday objects. · The Claymachine: The Claymachine shows the trasnformation of the soils into clay. Basically, it’s a machine which makes the levigation process easier (the process of purifying the clay): It grinds the soil, removes the impurities, when adding water the powder is transformate into a special mud and then the mixture is turned into clay by kneading it

The Clay Machine, Atelier NL

· Polderwall: This is an amazing and beautiful project made by Atelier NL. In a nutshell, they digged and processed earth into usable clay; they worked close together with over 80 farmers who worked the soil, taking portraits of them and collecting buckets of earth that then they turned into ceramic tiles. This project shows the variations in the colour, size and the texture of the different ceramics.

Ceramics For The Anthropocene, Francesca Perona

Francesca Perona Francesca Perona did an amazing research on Local Clays from an Italian region, where she processed the clays and finally 3D printed them.

Ceramics For The Anthropocene, Francesca Perona

Terra Performa Terra Performa is a project that focuses on large-scale 3D printing, the influence that has the additive manufacturing on building with a traditional material which is the unfired clay, and a climatic performative design.

Terra Performa, IAAC OTF

AMBEL, Godot Studio

Godot Studio Godot Studio is interested in the intersection between nature and technology. By using their expertise in digital fabrication and computational design they are capable of create new strategies and explore unconventional design approaches for 3D printing.

UMBRA, Godot Studio

GENOME I, Godot Studio

Julian Trotman, who is Godot Studio’s co-founder, is our Lab Manager here at the BDC. He has been an amazing support for me, due to the fact that he has a huge knowledge about 3D printing with ceramics, he helped me learning how to improve my designing skills with grasshopper and also taught me a technique for kneading the clay to 3D printing it.

Jonathan Keep

Flute Morphology, Jonathan Keep

Jonathan Keep is a practicing artist potter who was based in United Kingdom. He has a recognizable ceramics style for his strong sculptural quality with an enphasis on the form and is also a leading exponent of the 3D ceramic printing.

Big C, Jonathan Keep

Open Source Delta 3D Ceramic Printer, Jonathan Keep

Sand Quarry, JetClay. Ceramist: Alfonso Montiel, Photography: Pablo Je Je

JetClay “JetCLay is an open source Platform that explores the world of 3d printing and ceramics, relating the digital and the analog, tradition and technology, makers and ceramists.” They develop their own tools to make unique pieces of ceramics at the crossroads among industrial design, architecture, interior design and sculpture. I’m lucky of having met them personally, and also had the opportunity of attending a two-week so intensive course were we built a big-sized 3D ceramic printer which is called Mertxe.

Mertxe, Designed by JetClay

Olivier Van Herpt

Ceramic Vessels for COS, Olivier van Herpt

Olivier van Herpt explores the limits of digital manufacturing and ceramics. I really love his work because it is always so clean and neat.

Blue and White Porcelain, Olivier van Herpt

Functional 3D Printed Ceramics, Olivier van Herpt

The Process

The Whole Process As explained before, this project goal is to place value on local resources, more concretely on my hometown Local Clays. For doing so, the working process has been divided in 3 parts: · 1. Creating BioMaterials Based on Local Clays · 2. Mold Creation for Molding & Casting · 3. 3D Printing & 3D Ceramic Printer Building Each one of them will be explained in detail for making it as understandable as possible.

1 Creating BioMaterials Based on Local Clays For this research, the amount of Local Clays that I used are 3: LC-A, LC-B and LC-C. Those clays were collected from different locations on my hometown which is called Alonsotegi.

Alonsotegi, Basque Country, Spain

TOOLS · Flat surface · Hammer or a rolling pin · Home oven · Container or bowl · Sieve · Brush · Plaster slab or dehydrator

PROCESS 1. First, the clay needs to be grinded. For doing so, a

flat surface is needed, in this case the surface is made of glass. The clay can be grinded with a hammer or a rolling pin.

2. Mix the clay in a jar or a container in an amount of 50/50 of water and clay and stir it until homogenize it.

3. Wait 24h without moving it. 4. After 24h the useful clay and the impurities would

be separated in the jar, so the water of the surface needs to be removed. Then, sieve the rest to separate the resulting clay from other impurities.

5. Dry the resulting liquid on the dehydrator for a

better messurement of the amounts for the recipes.

6. In the other side, you can dry your clay in a plaster surface in case you want to knead it.

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The Recipes Regarding the creation of bioplastics based on local clays, the inspiration for these recipes comes from a book called Bioplastic Cook Book, that contains some different recipes based on clay. It would be noticed that all of my recipes are based in agar-agar and, of course, in local clays. I created 15 different recipes in total, with changes in the amount of the ingredients (local clay, agar and glycerine) that contain on them. All the recipes had been tested with different Local Clays (LC-A, LC-B and LC-C), that finally makes an amount of 45 different kind of materials with different appearances and properties. All these recipes are gatehered on Buztin-Min: The Cookbook.

How to Prepare Your Samples EQUIPMENT

EQUIPMENT

· Scale · Pot · Spatula · Wooden frame or a mold

· Wooden frame · Fabric · Non-stick wooden surface

PROCESS

1. Add all the ingredients: agar, water, glycerine and clay into a pot and stir them until disolved.

You just need to put the fabric into the wooden frame, and put it on top of the wooden surface. Then, cook your bioplastic and when it is ready, pour it into the wooden frame and wait until it dries (which can take some days).

2. Cook the mixture over medium heat and stir it until it becomes viscous. 3. Pour the mixture in a non stick surface or a mold. 4. Let it dry, this can take a few days.

How to Dry Your Samples

Some Local Clay Bioplastic Samples

2 Mold Creation for Molding & Casting One of the aspects I wanted to cover in this project was also the mold creation. A mold allows you to both dry and cast te materials you pour into it, and I wanted to try this technique with the materials I created. Fo doing so, I worked with different kind of materials as a surface for drying such as plaster, wood, plastic or methacrylate. I divided my research in two parts: Handmade Mold Creation & Digital Mold Creation.

Local Clay Bioplastics

Handmade Mold Creation This first part was mostly tried at first with plaster. As I was working with clay, I tought that it would be good for drying my materials, but I also tried to dry my samples in wooden surfaces which finally worked better.

Adjustable Mold Creation Technique

Adjustable Mold Creation Technique This mold creation technique is the one we normally use for ceramic mold creation, an it’s a really useful technique because it allows you to create a lot of different sizes of plaster molds (squared or rectangular ones).

The process you need to follow:

The materials you need:

2. Then, you need to join the pinewood chunks (they need to be the same height of the melamined pieces, and between 20-30mm wide) with the pieces mentioned before (one with each), by screawing them up in the edges of the melamined piece.

· A melamined board · 8 screws · 4 small pinewood chunks (same shape) · 4 small clamps · Screwdriver · A melamined squared or rectangular base

1. First, you need to cut 4 equal pieces from the melamined board (you choose the size, but they need to be all equal).

3. You are now ready to create your first mold!

These are the steps you need to follow: 1. Choose your melamined base (squared or rectangular). 2. Put one of the pieces next to one of the edges (with the pinewood piece looking to the outside). 3. Continue putting the rest of the pieces in the same way, this would generate like an empty box. 4. Hold the pieces with the clamps. 5. Prepare your plaster and pour it in (the thicker you make your mold, the faster the sample dryes). 6. Wait until the plaster is ready and remove the clamps and the melamined pieces, then let your mold dry. 7. Once it dries it will be ready to use!

Creating a plaster mold

Different sizes plaster molds for drying

Digital Mold Creation Digital Mold Design With Grasshopper The plugin I use for designning my molds is called “Parakeet”. It is a really easy an useful plugin to use, and with it you can create an endless amount of designs of all kind. Parakeet can be downloaded from this page: https:// www.food4rhino.com/en/app/parakeet .

These are the steps I follow to create my molds: 1. I first play a little on Parakeet until I like a shape.

2. Then, I bake the lines and start working on Rhino.

so the mold would have 3 parts in the end.

3. I decide how the outer shape of my mold will be, and addapt the inner lines to it. For doing so, I create an external shape and then and offset of it to the outsite.

7. You need to export it as a .DXF for the laser cut.

4. I offset also the inner lines, as I like them, and try to join as many as posible. 5. Once I generate a pattern, I fillet the edges (this way the bioplastic would easily go out of the mold). 6. I then, create two more parts: a base and a frame,

So once I choose the design I want to work with, I bake those lines and then work on Rhino.

Playing with Parakeet in GH for pattern creation

Mold designed in Rhino

Some Mold Designs, Tries and Results So these are the next steps you need to follow now: 1. First, you need to laser cut the molds. 2. Then, you need to put a tape around the 3 parts for being sure that the bioplastic would not go out of it once you pour it into the mold. 3. Now, you need to wait until you can get the bioplastic out of the mold. 4. Wait until the bioplastic dries (this can take a few days).

Step 1: Laser Cut

Step 2: Put a tape around the parts and pour the bioplastic into the mold

Step 3: Get the bioplastic out of the mold and wait until it dries

Mold 01: Methacrylate

Material: 5mm Methacrylate Parametters: Speed/15 - Min. Power/70 - Max. Power/74

General observations: This mold works depending on the recipe.

Mold 02: MDF

Material: 5mm MDF Parametters: Speed/25 - Min. Power/70 - Max. Power/74

General observations: This mold doesn’t work at all, the bioplastic sticks to it so you can’t get it out.

Mold 03: Methacrylate

Material: 5mm Methacrylate Parametters: Speed/15 - Min. Power/70 - Max. Power/74

General observations: This mold works really well, the methacrylate is the most appropiate material for this kind of molds.

Mold 04: Methacrylate

Material: 5mm Methacrylate Parametters: Speed/15 - Min. Power/70 - Max. Power/74

General observations: This mold works really well, just like the previous one.

3 3D Printing & 3D Ceramic Printer Building I divided this part in two: · 3D Printing With Ceramics ·3D Ceramic Printer Buidling

3D Printed Family

3D Printing With Ceramics Last but not least, the 3th part of my project involves the 3d printing. The aim of this part of the research is to 3d print the Local Clays I collected from the mountain. For doing so, first of all I needed to obtain more practice for a better understanding of the whole process, so I spent so many hours kneading the clay and designing in grasshopper, for example.

3D Printed piece

Designing in Grasshopper for 3D Printing With Ceramics As I said, I designed all my pieces in grasshopper, I’ve created my own definition which even if it is simple,it allows you to create an endless amount of different shapes.

This is how my definition looks like:

GH definition

The definition works this way: 1. I create one curve in Rhino, which I link in Grasshopper as a “Curve” (you can use whatever line you want). 2. Once it is linked, you can choose the height and the number of lines you want for your design. 3. You can choose what type of graphic you want for the “Graph Mapper”. 4. You can choose to apply a torsion to the shape in case you want it. 5. Just PLAY until you find a shape you like!

6. “Bake” it, ant then “Cap” it.

7. Export it as an .STL file to prepare a G-CODE in an slicer.

Two samples from the same starter line

Slicing Your Design on Cura

Cura parameters

Preparing the Ceramic 3D Printer Our Ceramic 3D Printer’s name is Elektra. She is a Delta WASP 2040 and prints up to 40cm high.

shape the clays has due to the gesture of the hands when kneading it).

Preparing The Machine

5. Once kneaded, the material should be ready to the next step.

Elektra, Ceramic 3D Printer at the BDC

When you want to print with ceramics, one of the most important steps is how to prepare the clay to fill 6. Then, the tank needs to be dissambled (and there the tank. Here you have the steps you need to follow is one piece wich allows you to full it in an easier way, without the problem os the clay entering into the to prepare it in a proper way. holes).

These is the process you need to follow: 1. Make a hole in the clay. 2. Add between 5% to 10% of water corresponding to the weight of the material. 3. Mix water and clay. 4. When the mixture allows it, start kneading it, with the “Ox-head” technique (the name comes from the

7. You need to fill the tank with pressure from your hands (avoiding the air entering). 8. When the tank is full, you need to put some petroleum jelly into the plastic piece (which goes on the top of the clay). 9. Then you need too assemble the tank, with the piece which goes below. Close it in the top, and put it on the machine, connecting it to the air compressor.

Kneading Local Clay

Preparing the machine

3D Printing With Local Clays Once I practice 3D printing different clays, I tried with my local ones. The process for preparing your clay for 3D printing starts with the Levigation Process. The only difference between preparing the clay for creating biomaterials and for 3d printing is that in this case you don’t need to dry it. Instead of drying, you need to knead it as showed in the video above, and then follow the same steps for preparing the machine explained before.

3D Printed Local Clays

LC-A, LC-B & LC-C

3D Ceramic Printer Building: Claudya For the fact of 3D printing the Local Clays in an easier way, apart from learning how to design, prepare the clay and to 3D print with ceramics generally, I started building my own ceramic 3D printer inspired by the open source machine designed by Jonathan Keep available at the Wikifactory Platform. I just wanted to build one 3D ceramic printer which was small in size for being more confortable to use, clean and move when creating small samples. So I named my machine as Claudya, and she is still a work in progress that would be finished soon.

Claudya

Inspiration: Jonathan Keep’s 3D Ceramic Printer

Delta 3D Ceramic Printer, Jonathan Keep

About Jonathan Keep and His Design Jonathan Keep is a practicing artist potter who was based in United Kingdom. He has a recognizable ceramics style for his strong sculptural quality with an enphasis on the form and is also a leading exponent of the 3D ceramic printing. Claudya is inspired, as I mentioned before by the design created by Jonathan Keep in 2013 shared in Wikifactory, an open source platform. He designed a small Delta 3D ceramic printer that works with a syringe and has a 30cmx20cm printing volume. This information can be found in this website, but also in this another one. All the cutting files that are necessary for building the machine can be found in those pages, with he original BOM, but it is important to say that not all of the links are available nowadays. For that reason, I have created my own BOM with current available links.

Claudya Claudya’s BOM I struggled a lot when making the research for the materials since the BOM that appear on the page it’s from 2015 so most of the links are not available. Because of that reason I made my own BOM whith links that are currently available. You can find the original BOM (Bill Of Materials) of Jonathan Keep’s 3D printer in this page: https:// wikifactory.com/@jonathankeep/self-build-clay-printer/file/Delta_3DPrinter_Parts_Nov15.pdf ?viaPreview=true This is Claudya’s Bill Of Materials, which also appears in Buztin-Min: Claudya User Manual.

All the Parts You Need I’ll divide all the parts (the ones apart from the BOM), which need to be CNC milled, laser cutted and 3D printed. As I said before, all the original and useful files will be linked to Jonathan Keep’s Wikifactory page. First of all, this is a picture of all the pieces you need (for building the structure). By seeing this I hope everything becomes more understandable, since it’s not easy at all to explain how to build a machine from scratch.

Image from Claudya´s User Manual

· CNC Milling The pieces (by number) that I cut in the CNC Milling machine are these ones: nº 2 (base); nº 3, 4 & 5 (the pieces for holding the tubes); nº 18, 19 & 20 (pieces for the top assembly); nº 21, 22, 23 (top frame) and nº 70 (syringe holder). Although I cut my pieces on this material and also on the CNC Milling machine, I highly recommend to try to cut everything on the laser (on a 15mm MDF if possible, due to the fact that everything would fit better).

Material: 15mm Plywood Board

CNC Milling Machine Parameters

· Laser Cutting The pieces (by number) that I have laser cutted are these ones: nº1 & 24 (base and top reinforcements) ; nº 46, 47, 48, 49, 50 & 51; nº 71, 72, 73 & 74 (templates for syringes).

These are the parametters for each material: Material: 3mm MDF - Speed/25 - Min. Power/70 Max. Power/74 Material: 5mm Methacrylate - Speed/15 - Min. Power/70 - Max. Power/74

Base and top reinforcements for the machine

Templates for syringes

· 3D Printing The pieces (by number) that I 3D printed are these ones: nº25, 26 & 27: (pieces for holding the arms); nº 40, 41 & 42 & nº 37, 38 & 39: (pieces for holding the belts); nº 43, 44, 45: (bearings).

3D printed piece

Pieces for holding the belts

3D printed bearings

Building Claudya For building Claudya, I followed this video by Jonathan Keep: https://www.youtube.com/embed/ MYd_AmkCWfM I find Jonathan Keep’s video so understandable and it really helped me. Anyway, I thought that for some people a Step by Step illustrated guide would be useful so I created a User Manual for Claudya which you can find at the bottom of this page.

These is the Step by Step building process I illustrated for the User Manual:

Claudya, 3D model

Claudya, building process

Claudya

Electronics Now, it would be the time of working on the electronics but I did not have enough time to put everything together on my machine so in case anyone wanted to do so, Jonathan Keep explains it really well in his page, also in the video where he builds the machine. You can find the Firmware you need to use for the Arduino in this page: https://github.com/ JKeep/CeramicPrinter_MarlinLCD Air Compressor This is how the connection with the air compressor goes:

Some Changes on the Design While building the machine, I came through some difficulties in some cases, and I realized that the creation or an adaptation of some of the pieces was needed for going on with the machine building. These are the 4 changes I applied to Claudya:

3. 3D Printed Pieces for Holding the Belts: This part consists of two small pieces that hold the two ends of the belt so tightly, and then they fit into the other 3D printed piece mentioned before.

4. Interchangeable Template for Different Syrin1. Top & Base Pieces: I designed another two ges: Due to the fact that finding the original extrupieces for the top and also the base that reinforce the der was really difficult, I changed it for a glue liquid structure and hold not only the tubes of the body, cartridge dispenser syringe barrel, which comes with but also the motor in place without the need of flan- its own pneumatic connector and also a tube. I also ges. thought about the fact that it could be interesting to have a way of choosing the size of the syringe depen2. 3D Printed Piece for Holding the Arms: The ding on the amount of clay needed to use. So that, I original pieces that hold the arms of the machine, designed an interchangeable template that gives you where originally designed in wood, but they needed to the option of choosing between 4 different barrel be finished manually. For changing that, I 3D mode- sizes (100cc, 200cc, 300cc and 500cc). led the piece (so that it can be reproduced easily), and also added some holes to it for the flanges that will hold this piece tightly closed to the linear bearings.

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Trying the Syringes Before printing the machine needs to be prepared: The clay needs to be kneaded and you need to fill the machines tank (in this case the tank will be the extruder’s syringe). Even if Claudya doesn’t move yet, I wanted to try first if the syringes worked. For showing how to prepare the clay with a good consistency for this printer, Jonathan Keep did this video which is in Youtube: https://www.youtube. com/embed/Ugy0mnYmouY I aslo have my own video where I show how I prepared the Local Clay for the syringe: https://youtu. be/_aHZs2H2xIg Even if she doesn’t move by itself, I could verify not only that the syringes will work but also that the consistency of the clay is the correct one for 3D printing it.

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Claudya’s syringes

Local Clay preparation process

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First try with syringe and Local Clay

Buztin-Min: Claudya User Manual This manual will cover some aspects on how to build this machine such as the links to the Wikifactory page where the original design is (with all the explanations on how to build it, the original cutting files and the firmware for the electronics of the machine, among others), some added improvements or changes to the original design, the new BOM (Bill Of Materials) and the Step by Step illustrated guide. Basically, this manual covers only some of the aspects that were not covered on the page of the original design where all the information is shared at Jonathan Keep’s page and at Wikifactory.

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My Contemporary Ceramics Workshop

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Buztin-Min, The First Step to Fulfil the Dream of My Life Buztin-Min, is in fact, just the first step for fulfilling the dream of my live: The creation of my Contemporary Ceramics Workshop focused on Creation & Creative Therapies based on Ceramics. With all the knowledge I have acquired during this project regarding new techniques and different approaches towards ceramics, now I feel that I am one step closer of fulfilling this dream <3

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Bibliography & Useful Links Inspiration & References - Adital Ela - http://www.aditalela.com/ - Atelier NL, Polderwall - https://www.ateliernl.com/projects/polderwall - Atelier NL, The Claymachine - https://www.ateliernl.com/projects/the-claymachine - Francesca Perona: Ceramics For The Anthropocene - https://www.francescaperona.com/portfolio/ceramics-for-the-anthropocene_n/#:~:text=A%20transdisciplinary%20project%20that%20reflects,the%20challenges%20of%20the%20Anthropocene. - Francesca Perona, Home-made clays - https://materiom.org/recipe/62 - Godot Studio - https://godotstudio.com/ - JetClay - https://jetclay.com/about-us - JetClay: Wikifactory - https://wikifactory.com/@jetclay - Jonathan Keep - http://www.keep-art.co.uk/ - MON STUDIO - https://ir.linkedin.com/in/alisalamatian) - Olivier Van Herpt - https://oliviervanherpt.com/ - Terraperforma - https://iaac.net/project/terraperforma/

Creating BioMaterials Based on Local Clays

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- Bioplastic Cook Book - https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/bioplastic_cook_book_3

- Finding and Processing Your Own Natural Clay -https://www.instructables.com/Finding-and-Processing-Your-Own-Natural-Clay/ - Going Local: How to Dig and Process Your Own Clay - https://ceramicartsnetwork.org/daily/article/ Going-Local-How-to-Dig-and-Process-Your-Own-Clay - HOW TO FIND NATURAL CLAY AND PROCESS IT FOR POTTERY - https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=RT4WkIHAC-M - How To Make Clay From Dirt - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vbnp2lOHR8E - The Vital Nature of Subi/Levigation, Treasure of Yongsun Jang - http://www.j-seon.com/the-vital-nature-of-subilevigation.html

Mold Creation for Moldign & Casting - Food4Rhino: Parakeet - https://www.food4rhino.com/en/app/parakeet - Grasshopper Algorithmic Modeling For Rhino: PARAKEET - https://www.grasshopper3d.com/ group/parakeet?overrideMobileRedirect=1#:~:text=Information,Curve%2C%20Mesh%2C%20Surface%2C%20M.C. - Grasshopper Docs: Parakeet - https://grasshopperdocs.com/addons/parakeet.html

3D Printing & 3D Ceramic Printer Building - Ceramic Printer Marlin - https://github.com/JKeep/CeramicPrinter_MarlinLCD

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- Delta All Parts, PDF - http://www.keep-art.co.uk/Journal/Delta_All.pdf - Delta Base, PDF - http://www.keep-art.co.uk/Journal/BASE.pdf - Delta Components, PDF - http://www.keep-art.co.uk/Journal/COMPONENTS.pdf - Delta Top Assembly, PDF - http://www.keep-art.co.uk/Journal/TOP_ASSEMBLY.pdf - Introduction 3D Printing with Clay (Basque Biodesign Center) - https://vimeo.com/642265869/ e155f216be - MAKE YOUR OWN 3D DELTA PRINTER FOR CERAMIC - http://www.keep-art.co.uk/Self_ build.html - Self Build Clay Printer, Wikifactory - https://wikifactory.com/@jonathankeep/self-build-clay-printer

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Acknowledgments To my whole family, for always being so supportive. From you I learnt that perseverance, hardwork and effort are the fundamental pillars for fulfilling your dreams. To my best friend Laura and Claudya’s Auntie, I know that I can always count on you for anything. To Dani, because there are people who come into your life for helping you growth, you have been one of those for me. And of course, Claudya wants to meet you. To all my peers: Marisa, Edu, Arantza and Elsa, I am really happy to having shared this amazing journey with all of you <3 To Julian, Bety and Adele, but also to all the people at the Basque BioDesign Center, it has been amazing to learn from you <3 To my mentors: Anastasia Pistofidou and Marce de Medeiros, thank you so much for all your support and the advices you shared with me. To all Fabricademy & Fabricademers, it has been an incredible journey the one we have shared together, Fabricademy has been a real life-changing experience for me, THANK YOU SO MUCH!

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My name is Olatz Pereda. I am a Ceramist, an Art Therapist and also a BioDesigner based in the Basque Country. The dream of my life is to create my own Contemporary Ceramics Workshop focused on Creation & Creative Therapies based on Ceramics. With all the knowledge I have acquired during this project regarding new techniques and different approaches towards ceramics, now I feel that I am one step closer of fulfilling this dream <3

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Buztin-Min The Cookbook

Olatz Pereda

Contents 1. Introduction · Buztin-Min

2. The Clay

· How To Prepare Your Clay

3. The Recipes

· About The Recipes In This Book

4. Drying Your Samples · How to Dry Your Samples

5. Bibliography & Useful Links

5 7 9 11 15 17 35 37 40

Introduction

Buztin-Min Buztin-Min is a play on words between two Basque words: Buztin which means “Clay” and Herrimin which means “Homesickness”, so both words together will show in some way how much I missed working with clay during the past years. The actual aim of this project is, apart from working with clay again, to place value on Local Resources, particularly on my hometown (Alonsotegi) Local Clays by crafting them as BioMaterials and also 3D printing them.

The Clay

How To Prepare Your Clay This part of the process is probably the most important one since depending on how well the clay is prepared, the results could change when using it. First of all, it is important to know that the process on cleaning and purifying the clay has the name of “Levigation” and it consists on grinding a substance that is insoluble to a fine powder while it is wet. This chapter contains the list of tools required and the explanation of the whole process of levigation, apart from showing the 3 clays that has been used on this project and its locations.

3 Local Clays

TOOLS · Flat surface · Hammer or a rolling pin · Home oven · Container or bowl · Sieve · Brush · Plaster slab or dehydrator

PROCESS LC-A

LC-B

Geographic Coordinates:

43.24496529613683, -2.9901364452545045

43.250512, -2.987447

1. First, the clay needs to be grinded. For doing so, a

flat surface is needed, in this case the surface is made of glass. The clay can be grinded with a hammer or a rolling pin.

2. Mix the clay in a jar or a container in an amount of 50/50 of water and clay and stir it until homogenize it.

3. Wait 24h without moving it. 4. After 24h the useful clay and the impurities would

be separated in the jar, so the water of the surface needs to be removed. Then, sieve the rest to separate the resulting clay from other impurities.

LC-C Geographic Coordinates:

43.250953, -2.988455

5. Dry the resulting liquid on the dehydrator for a

better messurement of the amounts for the recipes.

6. In the other side, you can dry your clay in a plaster surface in case you want to knead it.

6 13

The Recipes

About The Recipes In This Book Regarding the recipes that appear in this book, it would be noticed that all of them are based in agar-agar and, of course, in local clays. There are 15 different recipes in total, with changes in the amount of the ingredients (Local Clay, agar and glycerine). All the recipes had been tested with different Local Clays, named as LC-A, LC-B and LC-C, that finally makes an amount of 45 different kind of materials with different appearances and properties.

1. LOCAL CLAY + AGAR AGAR INGREDIENTS · 5 gr Local Clay · 1 gr Glycerine · 1 gr Agar Agar · 40 ml Water EQUIPMENT · Scale · Pot · Spatula · Wooden frame or a mold RECIPE

LC - A01

1. Add all the ingredients: agar, water, glycerine and clay into a pot and stir them until disolved. 2. Cook the mixture over medium heat and stir it until it becomes viscous. 3. Pour the mixture in a non stick surface or a mold. 4. Let it dry, this can take a few days.

LC - B01

MATERIAL PROPERTIES

LC - C01

2. LOCAL CLAY + AGAR AGAR INGREDIENTS · 4 gr Local Clay · 2 gr Glycerine · 2 gr Agar Agar · 40 ml Water EQUIPMENT · Scale · Pot · Spatula · Wooden frame LC - A02

RECIPE 1. Add all the ingredients: agar, water, glycerine and clay into a pot and stir them until disolved. 2. Cook the mixture over medium heat and stir it until it becomes viscous. 3. Pour the mixture in a non stick surface or a mold.

LC - B02

4. Let it dry, this can take a few days. MATERIAL PROPERTIES

LC - C02

3. LOCAL CLAY + AGAR AGAR INGREDIENTS · 4 gr Local Clay · 2 gr Glycerine · 1 gr Agar Agar · 40 ml Water EQUIPMENT · Scale · Pot · Spatula · Wooden frame RECIPE

LC - A03

LC - B03

4. Let it dry, this can take a few days. MATERIAL PROPERTIES

LC - C03

4. LOCAL CLAY + AGAR AGAR INGREDIENTS · 3 gr Local Clay · 3 gr Glycerine · 3 gr Agar Agar · 40 ml Water EQUIPMENT · Scale · Pot · Spatula · Wooden frame LC - A04

RECIPE 1. Add all the ingredients: agar, water, glycerine and clay into a pot and stir them until disolved. 2. Cook the mixture over medium heat and stir it until it becomes viscous.

LC - B04

3. Pour the mixture in a non stick surface or a mold. 4. Let it dry, this can take a few days. MATERIAL PROPERTIES

LC - C04

5. LOCAL CLAY + AGAR AGAR INGREDIENTS · 3 gr LC-B · 3 gr Glycerine · 2 gr Agar Agar · 40 ml Water EQUIPMENT · Scale · Pot · Spatula · Wooden frame RECIPE

LC - A05

LC - B05

4. Let it dry, this can take a few days. MATERIAL PROPERTIES

LC - C05

6. LOCAL CLAY + AGAR AGAR INGREDIENTS · 3 gr LC-B · 3 gr Glycerine · 1 gr Agar Agar · 40 ml Water EQUIPMENT · Scale · Pot · Spatula · Wooden frame LC - A06

RECIPE 1. Add all the ingredients: agar, water, glycerine and clay into a pot and stir them until disolved. 2. Cook the mixture over medium heat and stir it until it becomes viscous.

LC - B06

3. Pour the mixture in a non stick surface or a mold. 4. Let it dry, this can take a few days. MATERIAL PROPERTIES

LC - C06

7. LOCAL CLAY + AGAR AGAR INGREDIENTS · 2 gr LC-B · 4 gr Glycerine · 4 gr Agar Agar · 40 ml Water EQUIPMENT · Scale · Pot · Spatula · Wooden frame RECIPE

LC - A07

1. Add all the ingredients: agar, water, glycerine and clay into a pot and stir them until disolved. 2. Cook the mixture over medium heat and stir it until it becomes viscous. LC - B07

3. Pour the mixture in a non stick surface or a mold. 4. Let it dry, this can take a few days. MATERIAL PROPERTIES

LC - C07

8. LOCAL CLAY + AGAR AGAR INGREDIENTS · 2 gr Local Clay · 4 gr Glycerine · 3 gr Agar Agar · 40 ml Water EQUIPMENT · Scale · Pot · Spatula · Wooden frame LC - A08

RECIPE 1. Add all the ingredients: agar, water, glycerine and clay into a pot and stir them until disolved. 2. Cook the mixture over medium heat and stir it until it becomes viscous.

LC - B08

3. Pour the mixture in a non stick surface or a mold. 4. Let it dry, this can take a few days. MATERIAL PROPERTIES

LC - C08

9. LOCAL CLAY + AGAR AGAR INGREDIENTS · 2 gr Local Clay · 4 gr Glycerine · 2 gr Agar Agar · 40 ml Water EQUIPMENT · Scale · Pot · Spatula · Wooden frame RECIPE

LC - A09

1. Add all the ingredients: agar, water, glycerine and clay into a pot and stir them until disolved. 2. Cook the mixture over medium heat and stir it until it becomes viscous. LC - B09

3. Pour the mixture in a non stick surface or a mold. 4. Let it dry, this can take a few days. MATERIAL PROPERTIES

LC - C09

10. LOCAL CLAY + AGAR AGAR INGREDIENTS · 2 gr Local Clay · 4 gr Glycerine · 1 gr Agar Agar · 40 ml Water EQUIPMENT · Scale · Pot · Spatula · Wooden frame LC - A10

RECIPE 1. Add all the ingredients: agar, water, glycerine and clay into a pot and stir them until disolved. 2. Cook the mixture over medium heat and stir it until it becomes viscous.

LC - B10

3. Pour the mixture in a non stick surface or a mold. 4. Let it dry, this can take a few days. MATERIAL PROPERTIES

LC - C10

11. LOCAL CLAY + AGAR AGAR INGREDIENTS · 1 gr Local Clay · 1 gr Glycerine · 5 gr Agar Agar · 40 ml Water EQUIPMENT · Scale · Pot · Spatula · Wooden frame RECIPE

LC - A11

LC - B11

4. Let it dry, this can take a few days. MATERIAL PROPERTIES

LC - C11

12. LOCAL CLAY + AGAR AGAR INGREDIENTS · 1 gr Local Clay · 2 gr Glycerine · 4 gr Agar Agar · 40 ml Water EQUIPMENT · Scale · Pot · Spatula · Wooden frame LC - A12

RECIPE 1. Add all the ingredients: agar, water, glycerine and clay into a pot and stir them until disolved. 2. Cook the mixture over medium heat and stir it until it becomes viscous.

LC - B12

3. Pour the mixture in a non stick surface or a mold. 4. Let it dry, this can take a few days. MATERIAL PROPERTIES

LC - C12

13. LOCAL CLAY + AGAR AGAR INGREDIENTS · 1 gr Local Clay · 3 gr Glycerine · 3 gr Agar Agar · 40 ml Water EQUIPMENT · Scale · Pot · Spatula · Wooden frame RECIPE

LC - A13

1. Add all the ingredients: agar, water, glycerine and clay into a pot and stir them until disolved. 2. Cook the mixture over medium heat and stir it until it becomes viscous. LC - B13

3. Pour the mixture in a non stick surface or a mold. 4. Let it dry, this can take a few days. MATERIAL PROPERTIES

LC - C13

14. LOCAL CLAY + AGAR AGAR INGREDIENTS · 1 gr Local clay · 4 gr Glycerine · 2 gr Agar Agar · 40 ml Water EQUIPMENT · Scale · Pot · Spatula · Wooden frame LC - A14

RECIPE 1. Add all the ingredients: agar, water, glycerine and clay into a pot and stir them until disolved. 2. Cook the mixture over medium heat and stir it until it becomes viscous.

LC - B14

3. Pour the mixture in a non stick surface or a mold. 4. Let it dry, this can take a few days. MATERIAL PROPERTIES

LC - C14

15. LOCAL CLAY + AGAR AGAR INGREDIENTS · 1 gr Local Clay · 5 gr Glycerine · 1 gr Agar Agar · 40 ml Water EQUIPMENT · Scale · Pot · Spatula · Wooden frame RECIPE

LC - A15

LC - B15

4. Let it dry, this can take a few days. MATERIAL PROPERTIES

LC - C15

Drying Your Samples

How To Dry Your Samples The drying process is also a so important part of the whole process. Depending on what type of surface is used for drying the samples, there would be a different range of variations in the resulting material, even if the same recipe is used. This chapter shows the way used for drying the samples, which has been the best option for doing so. This is what you need for drying your samples: · Wooden frame · Fabric · Wooden non-stick surface So you just need to put the fabric into the wooden frame, and put it on top of the wooden surface. Then, cook your bioplastic and when it is ready, pour it into the wooden frame and wait until it dries (this can take some days).

Bibliography & Useful Links - Bioplastic Cook Book - https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/bioplastic_cook_book_3 - Going Local: How to Dig and Process Your Own Clay - https://ceramicartsnetwork.org/daily/article/ Going-Local-How-to-Dig-and-Process-Your-Own-Clay - The Vital Nature of Subi/Levigation, Treasure of Yongsun Jang - (http://www.j-seon.com/the-vital-nature-of-subilevigation.html) - Finding and Processing Your Own Natural Clay - https://www.instructables.com/Finding-and-Processing-Your-Own-Natural-Clay/ - How To Make Clay From Dirt - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vbnp2lOHR8E - HOW TO FIND NATURAL CLAY AND PROCESS IT FOR POTTERY - https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=RT4WkIHAC-M

Buztin-Min Claudya User Manual

Olatz Pereda

Contents 1. Introduction

· About This Manual

2. Inspiration & References · About Jonathan Keep

3. Some Changes on the Design · About the Changes

4. BOM (Bill Of Materials) 5. Step By Step 6. Useful Links

5 7 9 11 13 15 21 27 34

Introduction

About This Manual This manual is part of my Final Project which is called “Buztin-Min”. Buztin-Min is a play on words between two Basque words “Buztin” which means Clay and “Herrimin” which means Homesickness, so both words together show how much I missed working with clay during the past years. The actual aim of the project is to place value on local resources, more concretely on my hometown (Alonsotegi) Local Clays by creating bioplastics with them, by molding and casting them and also by 3D printing them. For the fact of 3D printing them, apart from learning how to design, prepare the clay and to 3D print with ceramics, I started building my own ceramic 3D printer inspired by the open source machine designed by Jonathan Keep available at the Wikifactory Platform. So this manual will cover some aspects on how to build this machine such as the links to the Wikifactory page where the original design is (with all the explanations on how to build it, the original cutting files and the firmware for the electronics of the machine, among others), some added improvements or changes to the original design, the new BOM (Bill Of Materials) and the Step by Step illustrated guide. Basically, this manual covers only some of the aspects that were not covered on the page of the original design where all the information is shared at Wikifactory.

Inspiration & References

3D Delta Ceramic Printer designed by Jonathan Keep in 2013

About Jonathan Keep Jonathan Keep is a practicing artist potter who was based in United Kingdom. He has a recognizable ceramics style for his strong sculptural quality with an enphasis on the form and is also a leading exponent of the 3D ceramic printing. Claudya is inspired, as I mentioned before by the design created by Jonathan Keep in 2013 shared in Wikifactory, an open source platform. He designed a small Delta 3D ceramic printer that works with a syringe and has a 30cmx20cm printing volume. This information can be found in this website: http://www.keep-art.co.uk/Self_build.html but also in this other one: https://wikifactory.com/@jonathankeep/self-build-clay-printer All the cutting files that are necessary for building the machine can be found also in those pages, where you also can find the original BOM, but it is important to say that not all of the links work nowadays. For that reason, chapter number 4 of this manual shows the new one I have created, and with all the available links I used in 2022.

Some Changes on the Design

About the Changes While building the machine, I came through some difficulties in some cases, and I realized that the creation or an adaptation of some of the pieces was needed for going on with the machine building. These are the 4 changes I applied to Claudya: 1. Top & Base Pieces: I designed another two pieces for the top and also the base that reinforce the structure and hold not only the tubes of the body, but also the motor in place without the need of flanges. 2. 3D Printed Piece for Holding the Arms: The original pieces that hold the arms of the machine, where originally designed in wood, but they needed to be finished manually. For changing that, I 3D modeled the piece (so that it can be reproduced easily), and also added some holes to it for the flanges that will hold this piece tightly closed to the linear bearings. 3. 3D Printed Pieces for Holding the Belts: This part consists of two small pieces that hold the two ends of the belt so tightly, and then they fit into the other 3D printed pieced mentioned before. 4. Interchangeable Template for Different Syringes: Due to the fact that finding the original extruder was really difficult, I changed it for a glue liquid cartridge dispenser syringe barrel, which comes with its own pneumatic connector and also a tube. I also thought about the fact that it could be interesting to have a way of choosing the size of the syringe depending on the amount of clay needed to use. So that, I designed and interchangeable template that gives you the option of choosing between 4 different barrel sizes (100cc, 200cc, 300cc and 500cc).

2&3

BOM (Bill Of Materials)

Qty

Description 17HS19-1684S1 Nema 17 Bipolar 1.8deg 45Ncm (64oz.in) 1.68A 2.8V 42x42x48mm 4 Wires

Anodized Aluminum Round Tube 12mm

LM12UU Linear bearing (Note: 10 on each package)

Price

12,87€

2,46€

https://www.omc-stepperonline.com/nema-17-stepper-motor/nema-17-bipolar-1-8deg-45ncm-64oz-in1-68a-2-8v-42x42x48mm-4-wires.html?mfp=184-frame-size-mm%5BNema%2017%20%2842%20x%20 42%29%5D%2C149-step-angle-deg%5B1.8%5D%2C146-rated-current-a%5B1.68%5D

https://www.bricomart.es/tubo-redodondo-aluminio-anodizado-12-x-1-mm-1-m-10256435.html

11,87€

https://es.aliexpress.com/item/1005003428030974. html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.0.0.5b4554f2v11Jz6&algo_pvid=792608e6-df7c-4776-a2be-cd79a8202732&algo_ exp_id=792608e6-df7c-4776-a2be-cd79a8202732-55&pdp_ext_ f=%7B%22sku_id%22%3A%2212000025738718538%22%7D&pdp_pi=-1%3B12.93%3B-1%3B-1%40salePrice%3BEUR%3Bsearch-mainSearch

41,67€

https://es.aliexpress.com/item/1005003267809504.html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.0.0.4bce5779sAGlEO&algo_pvid=802a626b-5767-4abf-b607-b5b091b8a0f0&algo_exp_ id=802a626b-5767-4abf-b607-b5b091b8a0f0-0&pdp_ext_f=%7B%22sku_id%22%3A%2212000024938119443%22%7D&pdp_npi=1%40dis%7CEUR%7C%7C41.67%7C%7C%7C%7C%7C%402100bdd016511782486572752e9ab6%7C12000024938119443%7Csea

RAMPS 1.4 with Arduino mega 2560, LCD Screen . Arduino Mega 2560 core microcontroller . RAMPS 1.4 electronics board that sits over the Mega . Stepper motor drivers mounted into the RAMPS board LCD display screen with SD card slot and connector cables

Link

Qty

Description

End stops - 3 pins

Wiring cables for endstops (3 pin) and for motor wires (4 pin) (Search for “DuPont Connectors”, for making up your own wires)

Price

3.09€

1,85€

Link https://es.aliexpress.com/item/1005003124280678.html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.0.0.7067a6f9R4u8pg&algo_pvid=19649c905709-41a5-bc04-abaefa08151b&algo_exp_id=19649c905709-41a5-bc04-abaefa08151b-8&pdp_ext_f=%7B%22sku_ id%22%3A%2212000024226639654%22%7D&pdp_npi=2%40dis%21EUR%21%212.99%212.99%21%21%21%21%402100bdf116520389202023704eb00a%2112000024226639654%21sea https://es.aliexpress.com/item/1005002754565519.html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.0.0.36492926T8DmMS&algo_pvid=9cbf95fd-8d59-4fe8-bb68-bdae4f6109b1&algo_exp_id=9cbf95fd-8d59-4fe8-bb68-bdae4f6109b1-3&pdp_ext_f=%7B%22sku_id%22%3A%2212000021975273993%22%7D&pdp_npi=1%40dis%7CEUR%7C%7C7.32%7C%7C%7C%7C%7C%402100bddb16511797867318409ef55d%7C12000021975273993%7Csea

100k Thermosthat (to override temperature code in firware)

6,99€

https://www.amazon.es/gp/product/B07DK5DTMD/ref=ppx_ yo_dt_b_asin_title_o03_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1

GT2 belts for various 3D printers + GT2 20 tooth Timing Pulleys

8,43€

https://es.aliexpress.com/item/1005002623397760.html?spm=a2g0o.order_list.0.0.1630194dSAaZFN&gatewayAdapt=glo2esp

Qty

Description

Price

10 Units of Aliminum M4 RC Link Rod, with Hollow Balls

5,47€

https://es.aliexpress.com/item/1005002423833333.html?spm=a2g0o.order_list.0.0.1630194dSAaZFN&gatewayAdapt=glo2esp

1,65€

https://www.bricomart.es/tubo-redodondo-aluminio-anodizado-8-x-1-mm-1-m-10117884.html

8,60€

https://www.amazon.es/Tiempo-Saldi-8050705800315-Alimentador-Gris/dp/B083LWHWKC?pd_rd_w=WHUfv&pf_rd_p=1481b776-9a26-4ebb-9e7f-fa2fd6adcb14&pf_rd_r=REGNKWWK92952V8TJ7E7&pd_rd_r=f203f3c1-0dad-457a-9815-c70a2d292afd&pd_rd_wg=CfxTv&pd_ rd_i=B083LWHWKC&psc=1&ref_=pd_bap_d_rp_2_t

0,52€

https://es.aliexpress.com/item/4000275867183.html?spm=a2g0o. order_list.0.0.1630194dSAaZFN&gatewayAdapt=glo2esp

1m Anodized Aluminum Round Tube - 8mm Note: The pieces above need to fit into this tube

General Purpose Power Brick 12V 220W

1/4” Male Thread 6mm Push In Joint Pneumatic Connector Quick Fittings

Link

Qty

Description

Price

Glue Liquid Cartridge Dispenser Syringe Barrel (100cc, 200cc, 300cc)

33,76€

Glue Liquid Cartridge Dispenser Syringe Barrel (500cc)

43,41€

Link

https://es.aliexpress.com/item/32822167872.html

https://es.aliexpress.com/item/32820178621.html

Adjustable Pressure Gauge Pneumatic Regulator 1/4”

12,00€

https://www.bricomart.es/manoreductor-aire-comprimido-rosca-hembra-1-4-con-enchufe-rapido-universal-10721284.html

Ball Valve 1/4 bsp Male Female Air Compressor to hose

3,50€

https://es.aliexpress.com/item/1005002423473690.html?spm=a2g0o.order_list.0.0.1630194dSAaZFN&gatewayAdapt=glo2esp

Step By Step

Useful Links - MAKE YOUR OWN 3D DELTA PRINTER FOR CERAMIC - http://www.keep-art.co.uk/Self_ build.html - Self Build Clay Printer, Wikifactory - https://wikifactory.com/@jonathankeep/self-build-clay-printer - Delta All Parts, PDF - http://www.keep-art.co.uk/Journal/Delta_All.pdf - Delta Base, PDF - http://www.keep-art.co.uk/Journal/BASE.pdf - Delta Components, PDF - http://www.keep-art.co.uk/Journal/COMPONENTS.pdf - Delta Top Assembly, PDF - http://www.keep-art.co.uk/Journal/TOP_ASSEMBLY.pdf - Ceramic Printer Marlin - https://github.com/JKeep/CeramicPrinter_MarlinLCD - Jonathan Keep. (2013, September 6). Make your own Ceramic 3D Printer [video] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MYd_AmkCWfM