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Coastal Hazards & Climate Change Experiences from Sri Lanka Eng. Mangala Wickramanayake Director General Coast Conservation & coastal Resources Management Department Defence & Urban development Ministry Sri Lanka
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Contents of the Presentation
Coastal erosion Immediate responses Long term protection and restoration Tsunami experiences 2004 Recovery & restoration
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Coastal Zone
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Causes of Erosion • • • • •
Sand deficit Coast protection Natural processes Seasonal fluctuations Human interventions
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Immediate responses
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Responses
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Definition of protection types
Emergency protection Coast protection Long term shoreline management
Soft Solutions
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Management objectives for shoreline management
• Ensure that coast protection schemes do not contribute to, or aggravate coastal erosion. • Identify coastal erosion trends, prioritise areas which needs protection and formulate appropriate Shoreline Management Plans recommending solutions that are cost effective as well as socially and environmentally acceptable. • Minimise the negative impacts of coastal erosion and sea level rise in highly developed and protected areas by reclaiming suitable coastal frontages to ensure new development possibilities and to enhance economic potential of coastal frontages. 19
Present layout
Alternative layout
Wave generated current pattern
Sediment transport pattern 20
Coastal Research & Designs
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Coastal Planning Preparations of coastal Designs Coastal monitoring Coastal Research Coastal studies
Offshore Monitoring
Near-shore Monitoring Arugambay
Nilaweli
Hikkaduwa
Polhena
Mt Lavinia
Unawatuna
Monitoring • • • • • • • • • •
• Bathymetry • Shape of coastline • Tide levels • Ground level & slope • Topographic features • Shore roughness • Shore-connected water bodies • Sand dunes • Coastal vegetation information • Coastal land use
Monitoring – Post War • • • • • • • • •
Shoreline changes Stability of shore structures Functional behavior of structures Effects of coastal developments Coastal features Coastal destruction practices Unique coastal landscapes Coastal fauna & flora Coastal sites with archeological significance
Shoreline Changes
Sand Dunes
Coastal Destruction
Coastal Landscapes
Sea Grass
Coastal Developments
Coastal Species
Coastal Archaeological Sites
Shoreline management
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Provides: • Protection • Restoration of sandy beaches Allows: • Recreation • Beach seine fishing • Sheltered boat landing 37
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Before
After
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Tsunami 2004
Not aware Not prepared No management mechanism in place No immediate responses Slow recovery Many authorities/funds/other resources
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Recovery Process • • • • • •
Main highway – one week Other infrastructure – one month Rail link – four months Fishery industry – one year Settlements – 18 months Warning system – 3 years
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Solutions
Warning system in place Management mechanism established New Ministry for disaster preparedness Awareness programs
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Mitigation of Climate Change Impacts through Ecosystem Conservation and Management Coral Reefs
Lagoon areas
Healthy Coastal Ecosystems ; ďƒźProvide resources for livelihoods for local coastal communities ďƒźProvide buffers against coastal hazards like storms, tsunami etc..
Soft Solutions
The Department uses following methods for conservation and management of coastal ecosystems
Restoration and Rehabilitation Protection Enhancement
Restoration and Rehabilitation
Protection
Enhancement
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Thank You
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