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Northwest Sectors Final Report

An economic geography of England’s North West

Section

Page Explanatory notes and glossary

i - iii

Introduction

Defining and sub-dividing the economy

Study outputs

1 3

Regional overview Sectoral composition, businesses/workplaces - v- employees

Sectoral scale, Enterprise -v- Unit level data

Sub-regional perspective

Cheshire

Cumbria

Greater Manchester

Greater Merseyside

Lancashire

Change over time

14 15

Sector review Overview for all sectors

Sectoral comparisons

Digital and creative sector (example)

Environment and energy sector (example)

Summary and recommendations

Recommendations

Appendices

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Mid 2006 population

Key statistics

Employees at Unit level by sector (region and sub-region)

Workplaces at Unit level by sector (region and sub-region)

Employees at Enterprise level by sector (region and sub-region)

Businesses at Enterprise level by sector (region and sub-region)

Turnover at Enterprise level by sector (region and sub-region)

Workplace size at Unit level (region and sub-region)

Business size at Enterprise level (region and sub-region)

Employee and workplace numbers and size by sector at Unit level

Percentage change by sector, region and sub-region (1998 – 2006)

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An economic geography of England’s North West

EXPLANATORY NOTES AND GLOSSARY Data sources The two principal data sources available for sectoral analysis of the economy, both produced by the Office for National Statistics (ONS), are the Inter-Departmental Business Register (IDBR) and the Annual Business Inquiry (ABI). The main strengths and weaknesses of each are outlined below. Inter-departmental business register +ive

provides comprehensive coverage of business activity, 2.1 million (of 4.4m) UK businesses are on the IDBR, very small businesses and those with low turnover are omitted, consequently the IDBR provides 99% coverage of economic activity.

-ive

for very small businesses data can be out of date for up to four years.

Annual Business Inquiry 1 +ive

produces employment estimates relating to a particular date, whereas IDBR records are updated at different points in time.

-ive

is not comprehensive, it is based on a stratified sample survey (100% for larger companies – reducing by size of business), data is then weighted and scaled up

Due to the more comprehensive coverage of businesses throughout the region it was determined that IDBR data be used for the study. IDBR data is available at various levels ranging from, what in basic terms may be regarded as, head office to local workplace. The two main levels at which data has been examined for the current study are Enterprise and Local Unit. A simplified definition for each of the two levels is shown below and in Figure 1; for a more complete explanation please refer to idbr_ons_definitions (via hyperlink). Enterprise This is the lowest level at which a business has a degree of autonomy in decision-making, especially for the allocation of its current resources; an Enterprise can be a single Unit or may be a group of Units. In positive terms a business at Enterprise level reflects head or regional office location and consequently indicates a more robust economy and greater degree of influence. It does not, however, necessarily reflect actual jobs on the ground and reflects the employee numbers from Unit level that report to the Enterprise, irrespective of where the employees actually work. Local Unit This is, in essence, a workplace, for example a workshop, factory, warehouse or office. In positive terms it reflects an actual workplace and the real number of jobs at that location. It does not, however, provide financial/turnover data. 03-016-0708 http://www.kkp.co.uk

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An economic geography of England’s North West Figure 1: Units, Enterprises and Enterprise groups Unit level

Enterprise

Enterprise group

Local Unit Local Unit Local Unit

Local Unit Local Unit Local Unit Local Unit

Local Unit Local Unit Local Unit

Local Unit Local Unit Local Unit Local Unit Local Unit Local Unit Local Unit

Local Unit Local Unit Local Unit

Local Unit Local Unit

Local Unit

Data flows – Enterprise and Unit level data The use of Enterprise level data, whilst providing an important perspective on the regional economy, has the potential to distort the view on where people actually go to work, as illustrated by the three examples shown below. The regional economy inevitably contains examples of each of these scenarios, possibly the clearest is seen in the Environment and energy sector as an example of scenario c shown below (see pages 23 to 26). a An Enterprise office is within the North West but most of its Units are outside the region – this creates an inflow of data on employee numbers.

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b An Enterprise office is outside the region but its Units are inside the region – this creates an outflow of data on employee numbers.

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c An Enterprise office is within the region and its Units are also in the North West. However, they are in different parts of the region – this creates an internal flow of data between districts.

An economic geography of England’s North West

Glossary and data notes Data/terminology

Source/comments

Data contained in main report:

Enterprise and local Unit level data

Office for National Statistics (Inter-Departmental Business Register) is crown copyright material and has been reproduced with the permission of the controller of HMSO. The data analysis has been prepared by Knight, Kavanagh and Page for the Northwest Regional Development Agency. N.B.: The number of Enterprises, employees and turnover are based on extracts from the IDBR at Enterprise (management) level – this can lead to what is commonly referred to as a head office effect with staff ‘relocated’ in statistical returns from their actual workplace to their management office. The alternative ‘Local Unit’ count reflects the number of workplaces and employees in relation to their actual place of work. See http://www.statistics.gov.uk/idbr/idbr.asp

Companies, businesses and workplaces

The terms companies and businesses have been used at times to assist readability. The primary hierarchical distinction is, however, in the terms Enterprise (management) and Unit (workplace). The term workplace specifically refers to Unit level data.

Standard Industrial Classifications

Sectors have been defined on the basis of 4-digit SIC codes; details can be obtained from the NWDA research team. Because some 4-digit codes span more than one sector, the definitions are only approximate and the data may omit some activity within the sector and include some activity outside of it (see hyperlink on page 2 for details).

Turnover

At its simplest this refers to the monies going through a company’s accounts. Although turnover has been used as part of the assessment, caution should be exercised in the use of the data. In addition to the company headquarters issue (referred to above) not all companies disclose data on turnover. Turnover data is not a surrogate for profit information. One of the most obvious examples being professional football clubs, many of which have high levels of turnover but few convert this to operational profit. Time series data has been modified to remove the effects of inflation. Consequently all growth or decline reflects real change since 1998.

Working age population

The working age population, for the purposes of this exercise, has been agreed with the Office of National Statistics as males aged 16-64 years and females aged 16-59 years and is shown as a proportion of England’s population aged 16-59/64 years.

Regional Economic Strategy (RES)

The RES is regarded as the blueprint for the region’s economic development. It is the foundation for everything that the NWDA does. The current RES was launched in March 2006 and sets out a clear vision for the region’s economy. It identifies specific priority actions to meet the economic challenges and opportunities over the next ten years and to close the economic gap with the rest of England. In the geography adopted for the RES, Halton is incorporated into the Merseyside area to create Greater Merseyside.

Nomenclature des Unités Territoriales Statistiques (NUTS)

Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics and statistical regions - for the classification of economic activities in the European Community, these regions were established by Eurostat more than 25 years ago. In the geography used for NUTS data (including GVA), Halton is included in Cheshire.

IDBR

NOTES: 1. GVA data was only readily available for NUTS areas at the time of writing this paper and also had gaps in its coverage due to SIC coding. This factor combined with the incompatible geographies used in the NUTS and RES data led to the decision by the NWDA that sub-regional sectoral and industry GVA figures will be produced as supplementary information for RES based geographies in 2008. 2. Data for Enterprise and Unit must not be combined this leads to an indeterminate degree of double counting; an Enterprise is inevitably a Unit, but a Unit is quite often not an Enterprise. 3. Non disclosure of data – ONS subjected the IDBR data to ‘disclosure control’, suppressing some values to ensure that individual businesses cannot be identified. The result is such that, at times, row and column totals do not sum; this does not, however, invalidate the data shown. 4. Non-co-terminal boundaries in the context of a company perspective a regional office need not be co-terminus with the governmental definition of the North West region. 03-016-0708 http://www.kkp.co.uk

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iii

An economic geography of England’s North West

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Knight, Kavanagh and Page Management Consultants

An economic geography of England’s North West

INTRODUCTION

This report provides an overview of the business sectors that comprise the North West economy. It explores data on the number of employees, businesses, workplaces and scale of turnover, illustrating sub-regional and local authority patterns of business activity and trends over time (1998 – 2006). While the individual reports are based on Unit data from 2007 and Enterprise data from 2006 in the interests of comparability this report is based on 2006 data for both levels.

Defining and sub-dividing the regional economy The 255,370 workplaces within the region (at Unit level) have been categorised under 19 groupings (sectors and industries) to develop a better understanding of how different parts of the economy are active and how they vary throughout different parts of the region. Data from the Inter-departmental business register (IDBR) is grouped under Standard Industrial Classifications (SICs). In total there are 13,700 different activities classified by SIC at 6 digit level, these are grouped into 514 categories at 4 digit level. The North West Development Agency (NWDA) has divided the regional economy into 17 different sectors using the four digit codes. The 17 sectors cover the whole of the economy breaking it down, for example, into areas such as Food and drink, Public administration and Business and professional services; there are, however, two further cross-cutting industries which draw from parts of the 17 sectors, these are Manufacturing and Sport. SICs were initially introduced by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) in 1948. They reflect a vast number of activities ranging from walrus catching to the manufacture of computers. This study is based on groupings of SICs, as defined at 2003. The codes are revised periodically to address social and technological change such as computer games design and since the production of this report a 2007 revision to the SIC codes has been introduced (see following link for details: SIC 2007).

Study outputs This overall regional perspective is supported by an extensive body of information which examines variation within and between sectors/industries, in the form of: W

19 individual reports at Enterprise level, one for each sector/industry;

19 individual reports at Unit level, one for each sector/industry; and

an interactive system depicting key information for each sector, including its geographic distribution across the region and the sectoral composition of the economy in each of the region’s 43 constituent local authorities and five sub-regions.

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An economic geography of England’s North West Access to outputs The study has produced a large volume of written material, graphs and maps; examples of which (although not all) are contained throughout this report. The remaining materials are accessible via the hyperlinks contained in this paper, including the: W W W

38 individual reports listed below; standard industrial classifications used to define the sectors; and an interactive information system (designed in PowerPoint to optimise user access).

Sectors Advanced engineering & materials

Enterprise report

Unit report

Bio-medical

Enterprise report

Unit report

Business & professional

Enterprise report

Unit report

Construction related

Enterprise report

Unit report

Digital & creative

Enterprise report

Unit report

Environment & energy

Enterprise report

Unit report

Food & drink

Enterprise report

Unit report

Health & care

Enterprise report

Unit report

Leisure & tourism

Enterprise report

Unit report

Manufacture of basic & fabricated metals

Enterprise report

Unit report

Manufacture of household & office goods

Enterprise report

Unit report

Manufacture of paper & wood

Enterprise report

Unit report

Mining

Enterprise report

Unit report

Public administration

Enterprise report

Unit report

Retail & wholesale

Enterprise report

Unit report

Transport & logistics

Enterprise report

Unit report

Other services

Enterprise report

Unit report

Manufacturing

Enterprise report

Unit report

Sport

Enterprise report

Unit report

Industries

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An economic geography of England’s North West

REGIONAL OVERVIEW

Overview – at Enterprise level the North West economy is comprised of 199,990 businesses, employs 2,610,810 people and has an annual turnover of £221billion, whilst at Unit level there are 255,370 workplaces and 2,985,175 employees. The scale of the difference between the two definitions is such that workplace statistics (Unit level) indicate an additional 55,380 (+28%) workplaces and 374,365 (+14%) more employees than at Enterprise level. The region contains 13.3% of England’s working age population 1, relative to this proportion the North West hits below its weight in respect of the number of businesses/workplaces, employees and the scale of business turnover at both Enterprise and Unit level as it contains:

represent 88% of businesses at Enterprise level and 82% of workplaces at Unit level; provide 18% of jobs at Enterprise level and 20% at Unit level; and deliver 20% of business turnover at Enterprise level.

In contrast, larger businesses, employing 250 or more people: W

represent only 0.5% of businesses and workplaces; yet provide 54% of jobs at Enterprise level and 28% at Unit level; and deliver 48% of business turnover at Enterprise level.

Figure 2: Size of business relative to number of businesses, employees and turnover (Source = ONS IDBR)

0-9

Number of businesses, employees and turnover by company size Northwest region (2006)

Enterprise data

19.6%

Unit data

19.7%

Enterprise data

17.6%

16.2%

10-49

16.1%

50-249

250+

48.1%

26.1%

26.7%

27.5%

14.8%

13.5%

Unit data

81.9%

Enterprise data

54.2%

14.5%

88.2%

10%

20%

30%

40%

9.6%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Source: IDBR ONS

Change over time – within the Northwest, between 1998 and 2006, the number of: W W W

businesses fell by -0.7% (Enterprise), but workplaces increased by +0.5% (Unit level); employees increased by +6.3% at Enterprise level and +8.2% at Unit level; and the value of business turnover fell by -6.7% in real terms at Enterprise level.

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3 .1%

Business size - small businesses, employing less than 10 people:

Business turnover

Employees

11.5% of England’s businesses at Enterprise level and 11.9% of workplaces at Unit level; 11.1% of England’s employees at Enterprise level and 13.0% at Unit level; and 6.5% of England’s business turnover at Enterprise level (data unavailable at Unit level).

Businesses

100%

An economic geography of England’s North West Sectoral composition: businesses/workplaces -v- employees (2006) In terms of the structure of the regional economy there are only relatively small differences between Enterprise and Unit level data. For example, the Food and drink sector represents 17.0% of the region’s businesses at Enterprise level and 16.4% of workplaces at Unit level. However, in numeric terms the difference is from 34,015 businesses at Enterprise to 41,765 workplaces at Unit level (+7,750 [+22.8%] workplaces). Figure 3: Composition of the North West economy – Workplaces and businesses by sector (Source = ONS IDBR)

Businesses at Enterprise level Businesses at Enterprise level Businesses at Enterprise level

Businesses at Unit level Workplaces at Unit level Businesses at Unit level

4% 0%

5% Bio-medical

16%

17%

3% 4%

Food & drink 5%

Environment & energy Digital & creative

Advanced engineering & materials Business & professional services

12%

Mining Manufacturing - paper & w ood related Construction related

13%

Manufacture of basic & fabricated metals Manufacture of household/office goods

1% 2%

Retail/w holesale not elsew here

Leisure/tourism not elsew here

14%

17%

Transport/logistics not elsew here 12%

Public Admin - not elsew here

Services not elsew here

18%

1% 0% 0%

Health & care

A similar picture is seen in employment terms with, for example, 14.7% of the region’s employees working in the Food and drink sector at Enterprise level compared to 14.1% at Unit level. Once again the difference in numeric terms is far more significant, from 384,910 at Enterprise level to 420,975 at Unit level (+36,065 [+9.4%] employees). Figure 4: Composition of the North West economy – Employees by sector (Source = ONS IDBR) Employees at Enterprise level

Employees at Unit Employees at Unitlevel level

Bio-medical

Employees at Enterprise level 1%

12%

15%

14%

Food & drink

Environment & energy

Digital & creative Advanced engineering & materials

Business & professional services 18%

Mining Manufacturing - paper & w ood related

17%

Construction related 11%

Manufacture of basic & fabricated metals Manufacture of household/office goods Retail/w holesale not elsew here Leisure/tourism not elsew here Transport/logistics not elsew here Public Admin - not elsew here

12%

2% 1%

0% 9%

1% 2%

Services not elsew here Health & care

The working age population has been agreed with the Office of National Statistics, see glossary for details.

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An economic geography of England’s North West The clearest difference, however, is between workplaces and employees. For example, at Unit level, public administration accounts for 5.3% of the region’s workplaces but 16.8% of employment. In contrast, the digital and creative sector represents 8.4% of workplaces but only provides 4.6% of jobs within the region. The pattern reflects workplace unit size: W W

Public administration – average workplace size 36.8 people (Unit level data). Digital and creative – average workplace size 6.5 people (Unit level data).

Sectoral scale: Enterprise -v- Unit data As mentioned above, one of the key features of the differing perspectives offered by Enterprise and Unit level data is in the numbers of businesses, workplaces and employees via each of the two sources (it should be remembered that both sets of data are equally correct, it is the definition that varies). In overall terms there are 28% more workplaces than businesses and 14% more employees at Unit level than there are at Enterprise level within the North West. The greatest numeric differences, as might be anticipated, are associated with the largest sectors; these are not, however, consistent between businesses/workplaces and employees. For example, public administration and retail & wholesale are amongst the largest sectors and have the greatest increases in the number of workplaces over businesses (see table 1). In respect of the number of employees, however, the largest sectors and greatest increases are not necessarily one and the same. The largest employer is the public administration sector with 500,500 employees at Unit level. However, the difference between Enterprise and Unit level numbers is 22,180. In comparison the advanced engineering and materials sector employs 222,005 at Enterprise level and 273,840 at Unit level – an increase of 51,835. The greatest difference is in the business and professional services sector where there are 77,745 more jobs at Unit than at Enterprise level. Although there are more Units than Enterprises (in terms of workplaces -v- businesses this is an inevitability) in a small number of instances the number of employees at Enterprise level is above that at Unit level. As mentioned earlier, this reflects a regional and head office effect whereby, at Enterprise level, data is linked to management offices whereas at Unit level it is linked to actual workplace. The only three instances where, at a regional level, there are more employees at Enterprise than at Unit level are: W W W

Bio-medical (+2,305) Manufacture of basic and fabricated metals (+515) Sport (+17,505) – this is the most significant example at regional level of a sector having more employees at Enterprise level than at Unit level by a considerable margin.

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An economic geography of England’s North West Table 1: Businesses and workplaces: Enterprise -v- Units (Source = ONS IDBR) North West Region 2006 Advanced engineering & materials Bio-medical

Businesses Enterprise

Workplaces Unit

Diff No

Diff %

18,170

20,100

1,930

10.6%

430

500

16.3%

36,555

43,240

6,685

18.3%

Construction

27,985

30,765

2,780

9.9%

Digital & creative

15,945

21,365

5,420

34.0%

Business & professional

Environment & energy

1,835

2,690

855

46.6%

Food & drink

34,015

41,765

7,750

22.8%

Health & care

7,735

13,590

5,855

75.7%

680

790

110

16.2%

Manufacture of basic & fabricated metals

2,895

3,160

265

9.2%

Manufacture of household & office goods

3,335

3,895

560

16.8%

Manufacturing of paper & wood

1,420

1,530

110

7.7%

Leisure & tourism

Mining

135

145.5%

Public administration

5,325

13,620

8,295

155.8%

Retail & wholesale

23,065

32,535

9,470

41.1%

Transport & logistics

8,690

10,640

1,950

22.4%

Other services

11,865

15,055

3,190

26.9%

Total

199,990

255,370

55,380

27.7%

Manufacturing

15,410

17,420

2,010

13.0%

Sport

8,350

10,835

2,485

29.8%

Employees Enterprise

Unit

Diff No

Diff %

222,005

273,840

51,835

23.3% -10.1%

Table 2: Employees: Enterprise -v- Units (Source = ONS IDBR) North West Region 2006 Advanced engineering & materials Bio-medical

22,780

20,475

-2,305

Business & professional

289,130

366,875

77,745

26.9%

Construction

187,720

211,340

23,620

12.6%

Digital & creative

119,275

138,400

19,125

16.0%

Environment & energy

35,795

47,755

11,960

33.4%

Food & drink

384,910

420,975

36,065

9.4%

Health & care

321,185

362,135

40,950

12.7%

Leisure & tourism

5,675

7,120

1,445

25.5%

Manufacture of basic & fabricated metals

43,855

43,370

-485

-1.1%

Manufacture of household & office goods

50,295

51,555

1,260

2.5%

Manufacturing of paper & wood

22,730

24,360

1,630

7.2%

Mining

1,175

1,380

205

17.4%

Public administration

478,370

500,550

22,180

4.6%

Retail & wholesale

228,965

266,280

37,315

16.3%

Transport & logistics

107,755

125,045

17,290

16.0%

Other services

89,185

123,715

34,530

38.7%

2,610,810

2,985,175

374,365

14.3%

Manufacturing

353,515

381,805

28,290

8.0%

Sport

97,565

80,040

-17,525

-18.0%

Total

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An economic geography of England’s North West

SUB-REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE

In keeping with the Regional Economic Strategy, the North West is divided into the five sub-regional areas of Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Greater Merseyside and Lancashire.

Carlisle

Cumbria

A brief outline of the sub-regional economy is provided over the following pages. This is supplemented by a series of detailed tables covering annual turnover and the number of companies and employees for the economy as a whole across each of the 19 sectors and industries (see appendices).

Allerdale

Eden

Copeland

South Lakeland

Barrow-in-Furness Lancaster

Lancashire Ribble Valley Wyre Pendle Blackpool

The tables contained within the appendices show, for example, that in Cheshire (at Enterprise level) there are 980 businesses in Public Administration, this represents 18.4% of the sector within the region and 3.0% of businesses in the area.

Preston

Fylde

Chorley

Blackburn Rossendale with Darwen

Bolton Wigan

Sefton

Greater Merseyside

Bury

Knowsley Warrington

Liverpool

Oldham

Salford Tameside Manchester

St. Helens

Wirral

Greater Manchester

Rochdale

West Lancashire

Trafford Stockport

Halton Ellesmere Port and Neston

Macclesfield Vale Royal

Cheshire Chester

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Burnley

Hyndburn South Ribble

Congleton

Crewe and Nantwich

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An economic geography of England’s North West At an overall economy level, the share of businesses, workplaces and employees in each sub-regional area varies only marginally between Enterprise and Unit level data (see below). Figure 6: Overview of businesses by sub-region

Businesses

(Source = ONS IDBR)

More than a third of the region’s businesses and workplaces are in Greater Manchester (Enterprise = 35.4% and Units = 36.1%). The smallest proportions of businesses and workplaces are in Cumbria (Enterprise = 10.2% and Units = 10.1%)

Northwest: Percentage of businesses by sub-region (2006) 70.0%

60.0%

50.0%

Percentage

40.0%

Enterprise data

35.4% 36 .1%

Unit data

30.0% 23 .0 %

20.0%

2 2.0 %

16.0% 15.5%

1 5.4 %

1 6.4%

10.2% 10.1%

10.0%

0.0% Cheshire

Cumbria

Greater Manchester

Lancashire

Greater Merseyside

Source: IDBR ONS

Employees Figure 7: Overview of employment by sub-region Almost two fifths (Enterprise = 39.4% and Units = 38.7%) of the region’s employees work for businesses that are located in Greater Manchester. These rates are relatively close to its share (38.0%) of the North West’s working age population.

(Source = ONS IDBR) Northwest: Percentage of employees by sub-region (2006) 70.0%

60.0%

50.0%

Percentage

39.4% 38 .7%

40.0%

Unit data

30.0%

20.0%

19 .4 % 2 0.0 %

1 9.1 % 1 9.6%

Lancashire

Greater Merseyside

16.6% 14.6%

10.0% 5 .5 %

Enterprise data

Although only a relatively small proportion of the region’s employees work in Cumbria (Enterprise = 5.5% and Units = 7.1%) the figures are close to the area’s share of the North West’s working age population (7.1%).

7.1 %

0.0% Cheshire

Cumbria

Greater Manchester Source: IDBR ONS

Figure 8: Overview of turnover by sub-region (Source = ONS IDBR) Northwest: Percentage of business turnover by sub-region (2006) 70.0%

60.0%

Cheshire is home to 12.8% of the region’s population aged 16-59/64 years. However, its share of the regional turnover is 20.3% (at Enterprise level).

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Percentage

50.0%

Turnover

38.3%

40.0%

Enterprise data 30.0% 20.3%

20.0%

18 .1 %

1 8.8 %

Lancashire

Greater Merseyside

10.0% 4 .4 %

0.0% Cheshire

Cumbria

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Greater Manchester Source: IDBR ONS

An economic geography of England’s North West Cheshire (including Warrington) Figure 9: Employees by sector (Unit data 2006) Source = ONS IDBR Employees in Cheshire The proportion working in each sector (Unit data 2006) 30.0%

25.0%

20.0% Percentage

The Cheshire subregion is home to just under 40,000 workplaces and employs 436,000 people at Unit level. This represents 15.5% of workplaces and 14.6% of jobs within the region

15.0%

10.0%

Manufacturing industry

Sports industry

Manufacturing industry

Sports industry

Mining

Leisure & tourism

Bio-medical

Paper & wood

Basic & fabricated metals

Environment & energy

Household & office goods

Other services

Transport & logistics

Construction

Digital & creative

Retail & wholesale

Health & care

Advanced engineering & materials

Business & professional

Food & drink

Cheshire

North West

Figure 10: Employees by sector (Enterprise data 2006) Source = ONS IDBR

Employees in Cheshire The proportion working in each sector (Enterprise data 2006) 30.0%

25.0%

20.0%

15.0%

10.0%

Cheshire

Mining

Leisure & tourism

Bio-medical

Paper & wood

Basic & fabricated metals

Environment & energy

Household & office goods

Other services

Transport & logistics

Construction

Digital & creative

Retail & wholesale

Health & care

Advanced engineering & materials

Business & professional

0.0%

Food & drink

5.0%

Public administration

Relative to the North West average lower proportions of people are employed in the public administration and health/care sectors.

0.0%

Percentage

Enterprise (management) level data indicates a subregional turnover of £44.9bn. This represents 20.3% of the North West economy and is considerably higher than the area’s share (12.8%) of the region’s working age population.

Public administration

5.0%

North West

Conversely there are above average proportions employed in the business and professional services, advanced engineering, retail and wholesale and bio-medical sectors. The management/head office effect can be seen in the noticeably higher proportions of employees (at Enterprise level) working in the digital and creative, environment and energy and bio-medical sectors and the manufacturing industry than are seen at Unit level

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An economic geography of England’s North West Cumbria Figure 11: Employees by sector (Unit data 2006) Source = ONS IDBR

Employees in Cumbria The proportion working in each sector (Unit data 2006) 30.0%

25.0%

20.0% Percentage

The Cumbria subregion is home to 25,700 workplaces and employs 210,600 people at Unit level. This represents 10.1% of workplaces and 7.1% of jobs within the region

15.0%

10.0%

Manufacturing industry

Sports industry Sports industry

Mining

Leisure & tourism

Bio-medical

Paper & wood

Manufacturing industry

Cumbria

Basic & fabricated metals

Environment & energy

Household & office goods

Other services

Transport & logistics

Construction

Digital & creative

Retail & wholesale

Health & care

Advanced engineering & materials

Business & professional

Food & drink

0.0%

Public administration

5.0%

Enterprise (management) level data indicates a subregional turnover of £9.8bn. This represents 4.4% of the North West economy and is considerably smaller than the area’s share (7.1%) of the region’s working age population.

North West

Figure 12: Employees by sector (Enterprise data 2006) Source = ONS IDBR Employees in Cumbria The proportion working in each sector (Enterprise data 2006) 30.0%

25.0%

20.0%

15.0%

10.0%

Cumbria

Mining

Leisure & tourism

Bio-medical

Paper & wood

Basic & fabricated metals

Environment & energy

Other services

Household & office goods

Transport & logistics

Construction

Digital & creative

Retail & wholesale

Health & care

Advanced engineering & materials

Business & professional

0.0%

Food & drink

5.0%

Public administration

Percentage

Relative to the North West average lower proportions of people are employed in the public administration, digital and creative and business and professional sectors.

North West

Conversely there are above average proportions employed in the food and drink, environment and energy and manufacturing. The management/head office effect can be seen in terms of its absence by the significantly lower proportions of employees in the Environment and energy sector and the Manufacturing industry at Enterprise level when compared to the actual numbers of employees at Unit level.

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An economic geography of England’s North West

Greater Manchester Figure 13: Employees by sector (Unit data 2006) Source = ONS IDBR Employees in Greater Manchester The proportion working in each sector (Unit data 2006) 30.0%

25.0%

20.0% Percentage

15.0%

10.0%

Greater Manchester

Sports industry

Manufacturing industry

Mining

Leisure & tourism

Bio-medical

Paper & wood

Basic & fabricated metals

Environment & energy

Household & office goods

Other services

Digital & creative

Transport & logistics

Construction

Retail & wholesale

Health & care

Advanced engineering & materials

Enterprise (management) level data indicates a subregional turnover of £84.6bn. This represents 38.3% of the North West economy and is marginally above the area’s share (38.0%) of the region’s working age population.

Business & professional

0.0%

Food & drink

5.0%

Public administration

Greater Manchester sub-region is home to 92,130 workplaces and employs 1,155,000 people at Unit level. This represents 36.1% of workplaces and 38.7% of jobs within the region

North West

Figure 14: Employees by sector (Enterprise data 2006) Source = ONS IDBR Employees in Greater Manchester The proportion working in each sector (Enterprise data 2006) 30.0%

25.0%

15.0%

10.0%

Greater Manchester

Sports industry

Manufacturing industry

Mining

Leisure & tourism

Bio-medical

Paper & wood

Basic & fabricated metals

Environment & energy

Household & office goods

Other services

Digital & creative

Transport & logistics

Construction

Retail & wholesale

Health & care

Advanced engineering & materials

Business & professional

0.0%

Food & drink

5.0%

Public administration

Relative to the North West average lower proportions of people are employed in the food and drink, health care and manufacturing sectors.

Percentage

20.0%

North West

Conversely there are above average proportions employed in the business and professional services and slightly higher numbers in the digital and creative and construction sectors. The management/head office effect can be seen mainly in the higher proportions of employees (at Enterprise level) working in the food and drink sector and the sports industry than are seen at Unit level 03-016-0708 http://www.kkp.co.uk

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An economic geography of England’s North West

Greater Merseyside (including Halton) Figure 15: Employees by sector (Unit data 2006) Source = ONS IDBR Employees in Greater Merseyside The proportion working in each sector (Unit data 2006) 30.0%

25.0%

20.0% Percentage

Greater Merseyside is home to 41,800 workplaces and employs 585,000 people at Unit level. This represents 16.4% of workplaces and 19.6% of jobs within the region

15.0%

10.0%

Manufacturing industry

Sports industry Sports industry

Mining

Leisure & tourism

Bio-medical

Paper & wood

Manufacturing industry

Greater Merseyside

Basic & fabricated metals

Environment & energy

Household & office goods

Other services

Transport & logistics

Construction

Digital & creative

Retail & wholesale

Health & care

Advanced engineering & materials

Business & professional

Food & drink

Public administration

0.0%

North West

Figure 16: Employees by sector (Enterprise data 2006) Source = ONS IDBR Employees in Greater Merseyside The proportion working in each sector (Enterprise data 2006) 30.0%

25.0%

20.0%

15.0%

10.0%

Mining

Leisure & tourism

Bio-medical

Paper & wood

Basic & fabricated metals

Environment & energy

Other services

Greater Merseyside

Household & office goods

Transport & logistics

Construction

Digital & creative

Retail & wholesale

Health & care

Advanced engineering & materials

Business & professional

0.0%

Food & drink

5.0%

Public administration

Relative to the North West average, lower proportions of people work in the food and drink, construction, advanced engineering and manufacturing sectors. In contrast, there are above average proportions employed in public administration and health care.

5.0%

Percentage

Enterprise level data indicates a subregional turnover of £41.4bn. This represents 18.8% of the North West economy and is lower than the area’s share (21.4%) of the region’s working age population.

North West

The head office effect can be seen in the comparatively high proportion of employees (at Enterprise level) working in the public administration and health care and transport and logistics sectors, while conversely the low figure associated with transport and logistics than seen at Unit level.

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An economic geography of England’s North West Lancashire (including Blackburn with Darwen and Blackpool) Figure 17: Employees by sector (Unit data 2006) Source = ONS IDBR Employees in Lancashire The proportion working in each sector (Unit data 2006) 30.0%

25.0%

20.0% Percentage

Lancashire sub-region is home to just under 56,200 workplaces and employs 598,500 people at Unit level. This represents 22.0% of workplaces and 20.0% of jobs within the region

15.0%

10.0%

Manufacturing industry

Sports industry

Manufacturing industry

Sports industry

Mining

Leisure & tourism

Bio-medical

Paper & wood

Basic & fabricated metals

Environment & energy

Household & office goods

Other services

Transport & logistics

Construction

Digital & creative

Retail & wholesale

Health & care

Advanced engineering & materials

Business & professional

Food & drink

Lancashire

North West

Figure 18: Employees by sector (Enterprise data 2006) Source = ONS IDBR Employees in Lancashire The proportion working in each sector (Enterprise data 2006) 30.0%

25.0%

20.0%

15.0%

10.0%

Mining

Leisure & tourism

Bio-medical

Paper & wood

Basic & fabricated metals

Environment & energy

Other services

Lancashire

Household & office goods

Transport & logistics

Construction

Digital & creative

Retail & wholesale

Health & care

Advanced engineering & materials

Business & professional

0.0%

Food & drink

5.0%

Public administration

Percentage

Relative to the North West average lower proportions of people are employed in the business and professional and digital and creative sectors. In contrast, above average proportions are employed in public administration, the food and drink sector and the manufacturing industry.

0.0%

Public administration

5.0%

Enterprise level data indicates a subregional turnover of £40.0bn. This represents 18.8% of the North West economy and is lower than the area’s share (20.8%) of the region’s working age population.

North West

The management/head office effect can be seen in the noticeably higher proportions of employees (at Enterprise level) working in the retail and wholesale sector and the manufacturing industry. Note: see the interactive presentation for further details by sector and sub-region. 03-016-0708 http://www.kkp.co.uk

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An economic geography of England’s North West Sub-regional change over time: 1998-2006 (Source = ONS IDBR) The overall performance of the Northwest economy, from 1998 to 2006, was below the national equivalent for the number of businesses, workplaces and employees, but above it for business turnover (see pg 8 and appendices). The main variations can be seen in the performance at sector level (see individual sector reports). The following key facts and graphs compare performance and enable areas of differing size to be compared directly through the use of a baseline index of 100 for each area at 1998. Figure 19: Workplaces - change 1998 - 2006 Number of workplaces at Unit level (1998 base = 100)

Enterprise data

Percentage change (1998-2006) Number of businesses

Units data

40.0%

Nationally - a slight increase from 100 in 1998 to 102 by 2006. Northwest – a slightly lower increase, to 101 by 2006. Lancashire - largest proportionate increase, to 103 by 2006. Greater Merseyside - largest proportionate decline, to 98 by 2006.

30.0%

20.0%

10.0% Percentage

0.8 % 1 .5%

0 .5 %

1.2% 2.2 %

2.5% 2.8%

1.5% 1.7%

0.0% -0 .7% - 2.8 %

-0.7%

-10.0%

E ngla nd

No rth we st

Cheshir e

Cumb ria

Gr eater Man cheste r

-3.7% La ncashire

- 2.1 %

Gr eater Merseysid e

-20.0%

-30.0%

-40.0% Source: IDBR ONS

Figure 20: Employees – change 1998 - 2006 Number of employees at Unit [workplace] level (1998 base = 100)

Nationally – an increase from 100 in 1998 to 110 by 2006. Northwest – a slightly lower increase, to 108 by 2006. Cheshire – largest proportionate increase, to 115 by 2006. Cumbria - smallest proportionate increase, to 104 by 2006.

Units data

40.0%

30.0%

25 .4 %

20.0% 14.7% 1 1.9%

10.1%10.5%

10.0% Percentage

Enterprise data

Percentage change (1998-2006) Number of employees

6.3 %

8 .2 % 4.5%

6.4%

7.7% 5.3%

5.2%

2.6%

0.0%

-10.0%

E ngla nd

No rth we st

Cheshir e

Cumb ria -11.6%

Gr eater Man cheste r

La ncashire

Gr eater Merseysid e

-20.0%

-30.0%

-40.0% Source: IDBR ONS

Figure 21: Turnover – change 1998 - 2006 Business turnover at Enterprise [management] level (1998 base = 100)

Enterprise data

Percentage change (1998-2006) Business turnover 40.0%

30.0%

Nationally - a real term decrease from 100 in 1998 to 73 by 2006. Northwest – a smaller decrease to 93 by 2006. Cheshire – largest proportionate increase, to 117 by 2006. Greater Merseyside - largest proportionate decline, to 68 by 2006.

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20.0%

1 6.9%

10.0% Percentage

5 .3 %

0.0% -2.8%

-10.0%

E ngla nd

6.7% No- rth we st

Cheshir e

Cumb ria

Gr eater Man cheste r

La ncashire

Gr eater Merseysid e

-20.0% -23 .0 %

-30.0%

-26.9% - 31.4%

-40.0%

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Source: IDBR ONS

An economic geography of England’s North West

SECTORAL REVIEW

As outlined previously, for the purposes of analysis the North West economy was divided into 17 sectors and two cross cutting industries. Selected examples that illustrate sectoral variation are given within this section of the report. For a more complete appreciation please refer to the individual sector reports (see page 5). The following regional overview is provided in order to help place the sectoral information that follows in context. As shown in Figure 22 the North West is home to 13.3% of England’s working age population. At a sub-regional level 38% of the North West’s population is resident in Greater Manchester, 21% in Lancashire, 21% in Greater Merseyside, 13% in Cheshire and 7% in Cumbria. This picture provides a backdrop against which it is possible to compare the region’s economic geography, particularly the distribution of employees. Figure 22: Working age population – regional and sub-regional distribution (Source ONS Mid Year Estimate)

Working age population Lancashire 2006 21%

Rest of England 86%

North West 13%

Greater Merseyside 21%

Greater Manchester 38%

Cumbria 7%

Cheshire 13%

The number of employees within each district ranged from: W W

9,970 in Barrow-in-Furness to 276,705 in Manchester at Enterprise level; and 21,750 in Rossendale to 291,550 in Manchester at Unit level.

As can be seen in Figure 23, the pattern of distribution (between Enterprise and Unit perspectives) is relatively consistent by local authority at a whole economy level. However, as shown in Figures 27 and 30 there are marked differences within individual sectors with the head office effect ‘relocating’ thousands of employees to different areas for some sectors.

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An economic geography of England’s North West Figure 23: All sectors - Employee distribution by local authority Enterprise and Unit level data (Source = ONS IDBR) All bus ines s s ec tors - E m ployees E nterpris e -v- Units (2006) 3 0 0 ,0 0 0

2 5 0 ,0 0 0

2 0 0 ,0 0 0

1 5 0 ,0 0 0

1 0 0 ,0 0 0

Manchester

Salford

Liverpool

Trafford

Warrington

Macclesfield

Wigan

Stockport

Bolton

Sefton

Wirral

Preston

Bury

Chester

Rochdale

Oldham

E n te rp ris e

Tameside

Blackburn with Darwen

Halton

Crewe and Nantwich

Carlisle

West Lancashire

St. Helens

Vale Royal

Blackpool

Lancaster

Chorley

South Ribble

Congleton

Knowsley

South Lakeland

Wyre

Rossendale

Pendle

Allerdale

Fylde

Hyndburn

Eden

Burnley

Copeland

Ribble Valley

Barrow-in-Furness

Ellesmere Port and Neston

5 0 ,0 0 0

U n its

Table 3: Key facts - The North West economy as a whole (Source = ONS IDBR). Employees in the North West Average No employees per workplace/ business

Unit level (2006)

Enterprise level (2006)

2,985,175

2,610,810

11.7

13.1

% of the England total for the sector

13.0%

11.1%

% change 1998 to 2006

+8.2%

+6.3%

Business units in the North West

255,370

199,990

% of the England total for the sector

11.9%

11.5%

% change 1998 to 2006

+0.5%

-0.7%

Turnover in the North West

£220.56 billion

% of the England total for the sector

6.5%

% real change in value 1998 to 2006

-6.7%

Sectoral maps The sectoral maps contained within the report and the interactive presentation have been produced to a consistent scale depicting percentage share by local authority, this allows all maps to be directly compared one with another. It is possible, for example, to compare the proportion of the region’s employees in the digital and creative sector who work in Congleton, against the proportion in the same area working in the environment and energy sector.

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An economic geography of England’s North West Distribution of working age population The sectoral maps, Figures 25, 28 and 31, can be compared with Figure 24, shown opposite. This depicts the regional distribution of the working age population; it is most directly relevant to the sectoral maps which depict the distribution of employees throughout the region.

Figure 24: Distribution of the working age population across the North West (Source = ONS Mid Year Estimate)

For example, the two main concentrations of the region’s working age population are to be found in Liverpool (263,100) and Manchester (287,300); respectively comprising 6.7% and In terms of 7.3% of the regional total 2. employee numbers, the same two areas account for 7.5% and 9.8% of jobs across all North West districts sectors. However, there is marked variation Regional % w orking age population 15+ between the different sectors of the North West 10 to 14.99 5 to 9.99 economy and 5.8% of the Environment and 2 to 4.99 1 to 1.99 0.01 to 0.99 Energy sector’s jobs are in Manchester, 0 compared to its 7.3% of the region’s working age population. Similarly only 3.1% of the Manufacture of basic and fabricated metals sector’s jobs are in Liverpool, compared to its 6.7% of the region’s working age population. As illustrated by the four maps shown in Figure 25, the distribution pattern for employees is relatively consistent with the picture shown by Figure 24 (the distribution of working age population), and as might be expected the greatest concentrations of employees are to be found in Manchester and Liverpool. Conversely, Barrow-in-Furness, Eden, Hyndburn, Ribble Valley and Rossendale each contain less than 1% of the region’s jobs (at Unit level). The Enterprise map (b) suggests a slight head office effect for employees in Salford and conversely an absence of such in the more northerly parts of the region including Allerdale, Copeland, Fylde and Burnley; it is also seen in Ellesmere Port and Neston. This pattern possibly reflects the degree of urbanisation and also transport links. The main business concentrations (maps c and d) are again found in Manchester and Liverpool with the remaining pattern reflecting the population and urban pattern of the region with the lowest rates (1% or lower at Unit level) being seen in Barrow-in-Furness and Ellesmere Port and Neston. 2

Working age population, based on persons age 16-59/64yrs, taken from the 2006 Mid Year Estimate (ONS)

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An economic geography of England’s North West Figure 25: All sectors – (Source = ONS IDBR) - percentage distribution of the North West economy by local authority a. Unit level – Employees

b. Enterprise level - Employees

Total

TOTAL

NW% Unit data by employees

NW% Enterprise data by employees

15+ 10 to 14.99 5 to 9.99 2 to 4.99 1 to 1.99 0.01 to 0.99 0

Total

TOTAL

NW% Unit data for businesses

NW% Enterprise data by units

15+ 10 to 14.99 5 to 9.99 2 to 4.99 1 to 1.99 0.01 to 0.99 0

c. Unit level – Workplaces

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15+ 10 to 14.99 5 to 9.99 2 to 4.99 1 to 1.99 0.01 to 0.99 0

d. Enterprise level - Businesses

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An economic geography of England’s North West It is impractical, in a summary report, to repeat the above level of detail for all 19 sectors and industry groups. Consequently, comparable information is provided in a series of individual sector reports and an interactive presentation (see page 2). The differences that exist within and between sectors are illustrated by overviews of the Digital and Creative and the Environment and Energy sectors (see pages 20 to 27) while selected examples from a number of other sectors and industries are shown below. W

Food and drink (F&D): 420,975 people work in the sector at 41,765 locations within the North West (Unit level data). As 384,910 people are recorded at Enterprise level this indicates a significant head office drain on the region of –36,065 (-9.4%) jobs if the sector is looked at from this perspective (to offices outside the region). While Manchester’s 33,430 F&D employees (Unit level) reflects the City’s share of the regional workforce (7.9% and 7.3% respectively) at Enterprise level the figure climbs to 72,440 employees is a relatively dominant feature, representing almost 1 in 5 of the sector’s workforce (18.8%) at Enterprise level within the region.

Advanced engineering and materials (AEM): 273,840 people work in the sector at 20,100 locations within the North West (Unit level data). A slightly smaller 222,005 people are recorded at Enterprise level thus indicating a head office drain on the region of –51,835 (-19%). The most noticeable head office effect is in Rochdale which has 9,820 employees at Unit level but 12,395 at Enterprise level; this indicates a net positive head office effect of +26%. Conversely, while 10,095 people actually work in AEM in Fylde only 1,655 are recorded at Enterprise level; a negative effect of –84%.

Manufacture of basic and fabricated metals (MBFM): 43,370 people work in the sector at 3,160 locations within the North West (Unit level data). A slightly larger 43,855 people are recorded at Enterprise level thus indicating a head office gain for the region of +485 (+1.1%). The most noticeable head office effect is in Macclesfield which has 860 employees at Unit level but 2,570 at Enterprise level; this indicates a net positive head office effect of +199%. Conversely, while 1,820 people actually work in MBFM in Warrington only 975 are recorded at Enterprise level; a negative effect of –46%.

Sport: 80,040 people work in the sector at 10,835 locations within the North West (Unit level data). A markedly higher 97,565 people are recorded at Enterprise level thus indicating a head office gain for the region of +17,525 (+18%). The most noticeable head office effects are in Bury and Wigan. Bury has 2,255 employees at Unit level but 12,280 at Enterprise level; this indicates a net positive head office effect of +345%; meanwhile Wigan has 3,130 employees at Unit level but 15,070 at Enterprise level; this indicates a net positive head office effect of +282%. Conversely, while 4,475 people actually work in the Sports industry in Trafford only 2,355 are recorded at Enterprise level; a negative effect of –47%. Although a number of significant sports companies are located within the region and, of themselves, create positive head office effects sport is a notoriously difficult sector to define through the use of SIC codes. Much of the overall net increase may in fact be associated with businesses that are not related to sport but unavoidably fall within the coding frame used.

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An economic geography of England’s North West The digital and creative sector in the North West is comprised of 21,365 workplaces and provides employment for 138,400 people at Unit level. As a proportion of the regional economy it represents 8.4% of workplaces and 4.6% of jobs within the region. The North West provides 9.9% of England’s jobs within the sector, at Unit level, this is lower than the 13.3% that might be expected if it had reflected the region’s share of the country’s working age population. It also accommodates 9.9% of business units. A slightly higher than might be anticipated proportion of people employed in the sector work in Greater Manchester (44%) relative to the working age population and a lower proportion in Cumbria (4%) (see Figures 22 and 26). Figure 26: Digital and creative sector employees (Source = ONS IDBR)

Digital & creative - Employees - Unit data (2006) Lancashire 19%

Rest of England 91%

North West 10%

Greater Merseyside 18%

Greater Manchester 44%

Cheshire 15% Cumbria 4%

On average there are 6.5 employees per workplace (at Unit level) and the number of people employed in the sector (in the North West) increased by 8.9% between 1998 and 2006. The fall in the number of businesses at Enterprise level along with the increase in employee numbers (1998–2006) points towards company mergers/closures and expansions suggesting a relatively healthy sector. Despite an annual turnover of £12.7bn (at Enterprise level) that has increased by 40.1% in real terms since 1998 the digital and creative sector in the North West only represents 5.5% of the sector’s national turnover The number of employees within each district ranged from: W W

145 in Copeland to 19,070 in Manchester at Enterprise level; and 390 in Eden to 19,680 in Manchester at Unit level.

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An economic geography of England’s North West Table 4: Key facts - the North West digital and creative sector (Source = ONS IDBR) Unit level (2006)

Enterprise level (2006)

138,400

119,275

Employees in the North West Average No employees per workplace/ business

6.5

7.5

% of the England total for the sector

9.9%

8.3%

% change 1998 to 2006

+8.9%

+16.6%

Business units in the North West

21,365

15,945

% of the England total for the sector

9.9%

8.3%

% change 1998 to 2006

+8.6%

-8.3%

Turnover in the North West

£12.7billion

% of the England total for the sector

5.5%

% real change in value 1998 to 2006

+40.1%.

As can be seen in Figure 27, the pattern of distribution (between Enterprise and Unit perspectives) is relatively consistent for most local authorities. There are, however, a number of peaks and troughs. For example, at Unit level there are noticeably higher numbers of employees than there are at Enterprise level in areas such as Preston and Salford, with smaller peaks in Knowsley and Halton. The most significant variations are in Congelton and Warrington, where the numbers of employees recorded at Enterprise (management) level are significantly higher than the actual numbers of people working in the digital and creative sector. This is often referred to as the ‘head office effect’ when looking at IDBR data, as shown by the following figures for the numbers of employees: W W

Congleton – Enterprise = 12,990 employees, Unit = 1,440 employees; and Salford – Enterprise = 2,605 employees, Unit = 5,935 employees

Figure 27: The digital and creative sector - Employee distribution by local authority Enterprise and Unit level data (Source = ONS IDBR) D igital and c reative - E m ployees E nterpris e -v- Units (2006) 2 0 00 0 1 8 00 0 1 6 00 0 1 4 00 0 1 2 00 0 1 0 00 0 8 00 0 6 00 0 4 00 0

E n te rp ris e

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Manchester

Congleton

Warrington

Trafford

Liverpool

Stockport

Wigan

Macclesfield

Bolton

Blackpool

Salford

Tameside

Sefton

Oldham

Bury

Wirral

Preston

Blackburn with Darwen

Rochdale

Vale Royal

Halton

Chester

Fylde

South Ribble

Lancaster

South Lakeland

Crewe and Nantwich

West Lancashire

Pendle

Carlisle

Chorley

Hyndburn

Wyre

St. Helens

Burnley

Rossendale

Allerdale

Barrow-in-Furness

Knowsley

Eden

Ribble Valley

Copeland

Ellesmere Port and Neston

2 00 0

U n its

An economic geography of England’s North West As illustrated by the four maps shown in Figure 28, the distribution pattern for employees at Unit (workplace) level is primarily set around the M62 corridor with the greatest concentrations being found in Liverpool, Warrington, Trafford, Manchester and Stockport. The highest numbers are to be found in Liverpool and Manchester, each of which has over 10,000 (9% or more) of the sector’s employees. The lowest concentrations (along this corridor) are in Knowsley and St. Helens. There are relatively low numbers of employees across the majority of the northerly parts of the region (from Rossendale, Hyndburn and South Ribble upwards) with the exceptions of Preston, Fylde, Blackpool and Lancaster. The Enterprise map (b) indicates a head office effect (as mentioned previously) for employees in Congleton. The scale of this effect is such that while the area only contains 1.3% of the region’s working age population it accounts for 10.9% (12,990) of the sector’s workforce at Enterprise level (119,275). At Enterprise level, the main business concentrations are again found in Manchester and Stockport (7+%) and Trafford and Macclesfield (5+%). Each of these areas has between 880 and 1,400 of the sector’s businesses. There are comparatively higher proportions of businesses and workplaces than employees across the northerly parts of the region, this suggests relatively small numbers of employees per business/workplace.

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An economic geography of England’s North West Figure 28: Digital and creative sector (Source = ONS IDBR) – percentage distribution of the North West economy by local authority a. Unit level – Employees

b. Enterprise level - Employees

Digital and Creative

NW% Unit data by employees

NW% Enterprise data by employees

15+ 10 to 14.99 5 to 9.99 2 to 4.99 1 to 1.99 0.01 to 0.99 0

Digital and Creative

NW% Unit data for businesses

NW% Enterprise data by units

15+ 10 to 14.99 5 to 9.99 2 to 4.99 1 to 1.99 0.01 to 0.99 0

c. Unit level – Workplaces

d. Enterprise level - Businesses

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An economic geography of England’s North West The environment and energy sector in the North West is comprised of 2,690 workplaces and provides employment for 47,755 people at Unit level. As a proportion of the regional economy it represents 1.1% of workplaces and 1.6% of jobs within the region. The North West provides 15.0% of England’s jobs within the sector, at Unit level, this is higher than the 13.3% that might be expected if it had reflected the region’s share of the country’s working age population. It also accommodates 13.9% of workplaces. A high proportion of people employed in the sector work in Cumbria and a relatively low proportion in Greater Manchester (see Figures 22 and 29). Figure 29: Environment and energy sector employees – regional and sub-regional distribution (Source = ONS IDBR)

Environment and energy - Employees Unit data (2006) Lancashire 19%

Rest of England 85%

North West 15%

Greater Manchester 30%

Cumbria 25%

Greater Merseyside 13% Cheshire 13%

On average there are 17.8 employees per workplace (at Unit level) and the number of people employed in the sector (in the North West) fell by 20.8% between 1998 and 2006. The fall in the number of businesses at Enterprise level has been matched by an even greater fall in the number of employees and turnover over the same time scale. Despite an annual turnover of £7.11bn (at Enterprise level) the North West only represents 3.4% of the sector’s national turnover. The number of employees within each district ranged from: W W

80 in Copeland to 17,730 in Warrington; at Enterprise level and 225 in Ribble Valley to 8,565 in Copeland at Unit level.

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An economic geography of England’s North West Table 5: Key facts - the North West environment and energy sector (Source = ONS IDBR) Unit level (2006)

Enterprise level (2006)

Employees in the North West

47,755

35,795

Average No employees per workplace/ business

17.8

19.5

% of the England total for the sector

15.0%

11.7%

% change 1998 to 2006

-20.8%

-32.7%

Business units in the North West

2,690

1,835

% of the England total for the sector

13.9%

14.0%

% change 1998 to 2006

-20.9%

-23.1%

Turnover in the North West

£7.11 billion

% of the England total for the sector

3.4%

% real change in value 1998 to 2006

-31.2%

As can be seen in Figure 30, the pattern of distribution (between Enterprise and Unit perspectives) is relatively consistent for most local authorities. There are, however, a number of peaks and troughs. For example, at Unit level there are noticeably higher numbers of employees than there are at Enterprise level, principally in Copeland and to a lesser extent in Fylde, Trafford and Manchester. The most significant variations are in Copeland and Warrington, where the numbers of employees recorded at Enterprise (management) level are significantly higher or lower than the actual numbers of people working in the environment and energy sector in each area. This ‘head office effect’ is shown by the following figures for the numbers of employees: W W

Copeland – Enterprise = 80 employees, Unit = 8,565 employees; and Warrington – Enterprise = 17,730 employees, Unit = 2,305 employees

Figure 30: The environment and energy sector - Employee distribution by local authority Enterprise and Unit level data (Source = ONS IDBR) E nvironm ent and E nergy - E m ployees E nterpris e -v- Units (2006) 18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000

Knight, Kavanagh and Page Management Consultants

Warrington

Bolton

Lancaster

Wigan

Rochdale

Liverpool

Blackburn with Darwen

Wirral

South Lakeland

Chester

Manchester

Knowsley

Halton

Salford

Oldham

Crewe and Nantwich

Carlisle

E n te rp ris e

Tameside

Stockport

Macclesfield

St. Helens

Bury

Sefton

West Lancashire

Burnley

Barrow-in-Furness

Trafford

Congleton

South Ribble

Wyre

Preston

Eden

Allerdale

Hyndburn

Vale Royal

Pendle

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Chorley

Fylde

Rossendale

Blackpool

Copeland

Ribble Valley

Ellesmere Port and Neston

2000

U n its

An economic geography of England’s North West As illustrated by the four maps shown in Figure 31, the distribution pattern for employees in the Environment and energy sector shows marked variations from the distribution of working age population, as shown in Figure 24. Nine local authorities employ less than 1% of the regional workforce for the sector at Unit level; these are Eden, Ribble Valley, Pendle, Burnley, Rossendale, Hyndburn, Chorley, Blackpool and Congleton. The greatest concentration of employees at Unit (workplace) level is to be found in Copeland (8,565); this represents 18% of the sector’s regional workforce, whilst the area only contains 1% of the region’s working age population. The Enterprise map (b) indicates a major head office effect in Warrington with the next highest concentration being seen in Lancaster. The scale of these effects are such that while: W

Warrington accounts for 49.5% (17,730 of the sector’s Enterprise level workforce (35,795) although it contains only 2.9% of the region’s working age population. Lancaster accounts for 6.0% (2,165) of the sector’s Enterprise level workforce (35,795) although it contains only 2.1% of the region’s working age population.

The main workplace concentrations at Unit level are found in Manchester and Wigan which contain 110 and 135 workplaces respectively. Ironically, despite having the largest number of jobs within the local authority Copeland contains the fewest workplaces (30). This pattern reflects the variable number of employees per workplace within the sector

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An economic geography of England’s North West Figure 31: Environment and energy sector (Source = ONS IDBR) - percentage distribution of the North West economy by local authority a. Unit level – Employees

b. Enterprise level - Employees

Environment and Energy

NW% Unit data by employees

NW% Enterprise data by employees

15+ 10 to 14.99 5 to 9.99 2 to 4.99 1 to 1.99 0.01 to 0.99 0

Environment and Energy

NW% Unit data for businesses

NW% Enterprise data by units

15+ 10 to 14.99 5 to 9.99 2 to 4.99 1 to 1.99 0.01 to 0.99 0

c. Unit level – Workplaces

d. Enterprise level - Businesses

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An economic geography of England’s North West

Summary and recommendations The North West region contains 13.3% of England’s working age population, provides employment for 2,985,175 people via 255,370 workplaces (Unit level) and has an annual turnover of £221billion (Enterprise level). Relative to England as a whole, the region contains 11.9% of workplaces and 13.0% of employees at Unit level; it also generates 6.5% of the country’s turnover at Enterprise level. Consequently, in overall terms the region may be argued to be ‘hitting below its weight’. Between 1998 and 2006, the number of workplaces increased by +0.5% at Unit level while the number of employees increased by +8.2% (England = +1.5% and +10.5% respectively). Although this indicates an improvement in terms of the numbers employed in the North West it is nonetheless a relatively poorer situation when compared to the overall national picture. A sector-by-sector analysis, however, shows this to be a simplistic overview which hides a wide range of growth and decline at business and employee level (see appendices for details). For example, in terms of the number of employees at Unit level, between 1998 and 2006: W W W W

Business and professional: England = +40%, North West = +58%, Cheshire = +71% Leisure and tourism: England = +10%, North West = +47%, Cumbria = +97% Bio Medical: England = +9%, North West = +9%, Greater Manchester = +24% Environment and energy: England = -17%, North West = -21%, Cheshire = -43%

More than 80% of workplaces employ fewer than 10 people, however, they provide around 20% of jobs and account for a similar (20%) share of regional turnover. Conversely large businesses, employing 250 or more people, comprise only 0.5% of workplaces but provide 28% of jobs and deliver 48% of business turnover at Enterprise level. The number of employees per workplace, as might be anticipated, varies significantly by sector. For example, while public administration accounts for 5.3% of the region’s workplaces it provides 16.8% of the region’s employment. In contrast, the digital and creative sector represents 8.4% of workplaces but only provides 4.6% of the region’s jobs. Public administration is the largest employer in the region, providing 500,550 jobs while the smallest sector (in employment terms) is the mining sector with 1,380 jobs (see appendices). The largest average business size is linked to the bio-medical sector (41.0 persons per workplace - ppw) while the smallest is the digital and creative sector (6.5 ppw). In overall employment terms, however, bio-medical is one of the smallest sectors.

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An economic geography of England’s North West In a small number of instances the number of employees at Enterprise level is above that at Unit level, thus reflecting how significant the Head office effect can become, these are Biomedical (+2,305), Manufacture of basic and fabricated metals (+485) and Sport (+17,525). The data points towards one or more particularly significant companies within the sports sectors with head or regional offices in the North West At a sub-regional level: W

more than a third of workplaces are located in Greater Manchester (Unit = 36.1%) while the smallest proportion is located in Cumbria (Unit = 10.1%); two fifths (Unit = 38.7%) of employees work in Greater Manchester, while a relatively small proportion work in Cumbria (Unit = 7.1%). In both instances the figures are close to an area share of the region’s working age population; and Cheshire accounts for 20.3% of the region’s turnover at Enterprise level but is only home to 12.8% of the working age population.

At the local authority level the Unit level data is more dramatic in its variation, yet possibly more helpful in its potential to help develop spatial strategies. The number of employees within each district ranged from 21,750 (0.7% of the regional total) in Rossendale to 291,550 (9.8%) in Manchester. This compares with working age populations for each district of 38,700 (1.0%) and 287,300 (7.3%) respectively. Employment (at Unit level) tends to reflect population distribution. However, this general pattern hides significant sectoral variations at local authority level. For example: W

only 1,440 people work in the digital and creative sector in Congleton (Unit level), however, 12,990 people are recorded at Enterprise level. This represents 1.0% of employees and 10.9% respectively; and

18% (8,565) of the environment and energy sector work in Copeland although only 1% of the working age population are resident there. However, at Enterprise level only 80 people are at offices in Copeland while 17,730 (49.5%) are linked to Warrington.

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An economic geography of England’s North West RECOMMENDATIONS It is recommended that: W

the study findings be presented/circulated for comment to sector specialists, Business Link, local authorities and other partners and used as an information tool;

findings be incorporated as part of the Regional Economic Strategy;

the data be utilised to develop spatial strategies for priority sectors;

priority sectors be selected that reflect a combination of high potential growth, high GVA, and sub-regional significance (dependency down to local authority level);

exit or repositioning strategies be considered for areas that are highly reliant on declining industries;

GVA be calculated from base to reflect higher number of employees in Units data;

Comparative analysis for all other regions be undertaken to determine the North West’s relative position; and

the study be updated using the new 2007 SIC codes (going down to five or even six digit codes wherever possible) and its findings be used as the basis of a rolling programme that develops early warning flags for unexpected change – in either direction, in order that the NWDA and its regional partners are able to address growing weaknesses at the earliest opportunity and/or so that they can capitalise on emergent trends and growing strengths within the region.

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An economic geography of England’s North West

APPENDICES Mid 2006 population

Male /Female working age population (16-59/64 yrs)

All ages

(Source = ONS Mid-Year Estimate) ('000s)

('000s)

ENGLAND

29,626.4

NORTH WEST

3,952.3

13.3%

6,853.2

13.5%

94.3 71.8 141.2 142.7 262.4 88.0 182.9 103.3 119.7 103.7 92.5 70.3 115.8 51.7 81.9 75.6 119.5 82.2 151.3 143.0 436.1 150.7 451.9 219.6 90.1 132.1 57.8 206.5 66.7 218.0 277.5 104.7 106.4 177.6 280.6 214.4 211.9 126.0 194.0 109.8 305.5 311.2 110.3

1.4% 1.0% 2.1% 2.1% 3.8% 1.3% 2.7% 1.5% 1.7% 1.5% 1.3% 1.0% 1.7% 0.8% 1.2% 1.1% 1.7% 1.2% 2.2% 2.1% 6.4% 2.2% 6.6% 3.2% 1.3% 1.9% 0.8% 3.0% 1.0% 3.2% 4.0% 1.5% 1.6% 2.6% 4.1% 3.1% 3.1% 1.8% 2.8% 1.6% 4.5% 4.5% 1.6%

52.8 40.5 79.1 79.4 150.1 49.8 105.3 59.4 69.0 62.0 53.0 40.5 65.9 29.1 46.1 41.1 70.6 46.2 86.3 83.9 263.1 85.0 287.3 124.0 51.3 78.6 32.3 118.7 38.7 129.1 151.3 56.6 61.3 101.8 160.1 124.7 122.6 72.2 113.6 61.9 178.8 171.3 58.2

1.3% 1.0% 2.0% 2.0% 3.8% 1.3% 2.7% 1.5% 1.7% 1.6% 1.3% 1.0% 1.7% 0.7% 1.2% 1.0% 1.8% 1.2% 2.2% 2.1% 6.7% 2.2% 7.3% 3.1% 1.3% 2.0% 0.8% 3.0% 1.0% 3.3% 3.8% 1.4% 1.6% 2.6% 4.1% 3.2% 3.1% 1.8% 2.9% 1.6% 4.5% 4.3% 1.5%

50,762.9

Areas as a percentage of regional total Allerdale Barrow-in-Furness Blackburn with Darwen Blackpool Bolton Burnley Bury Carlisle Chester Chorley Congleton Copeland Crewe and Nantwich Eden Ellesmere Port and Neston Fylde Halton Hyndburn Knowsley Lancaster Liverpool Macclesfield Manchester Oldham Pendle Preston Ribble Valley Rochdale Rossendale Salford Sefton South Lakeland South Ribble St. Helens Stockport Tameside Trafford Vale Royal Warrington West Lancashire Wigan Wirral Wyre

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An economic geography of England’s North West KEY STATISTICS (Source = ONS IDBR) Enterprise level data

Unit level data

REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE National share (proportion of England’s businesses and workplaces in the Northwest) Businesses

11.5%

11.9%

Employees

11.1%

13.0%

Turnover

6.5%

Small businesses/workplaces (those employing less than 10 people shown as a proportion of the regional total) Businesses

88.2%

81.9%

Employees

17.6%

19.7%

Turnover

19.6%

Change over time (at a regional level - between 1998 and 2006) Businesses

-0.7%

0.5%

Employees

6.3%

8.2%

Turnover

-6.7%

SUB-REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE Sub-regional share – Businesses and workplaces Cheshire

16.0%

15.5%

Cumbria

10.2%

10.1%

Greater Manchester

35.4%

36.1%

Greater Merseyside

15.4%

16.4%

Lancashire

23.0%

22.0%

Cheshire

16.6%

14.6%

Cumbria

5.5%

7.1%

Sub-regional share – Employees

Greater Manchester

39.4%

38.7%

Greater Merseyside

19.1%

19.6%

Lancashire

19.4%

20.0%

Cheshire

20.3%

Cumbria

4.4%

Sub-regional share – Turnover

Greater Manchester

38.3%

Greater Merseyside

18.8%

Lancashire

18.1%

Context - working age population across the North West by usual place of residence Persons aged 16-59/64yrs

National share

England

29,626,380

100.0%

North West

3,952,260

13.3%

100.0%

504,760

1.7%

12.8%

Working age population

Cheshire (incl Warrington) Cumbria Greater Manchester

Regional share

278,900

0.9%

7.1%

1,500,600

5.1%

38.0%

Greater Merseyside (incl Halton)

844,500

2.9%

21.4%

Lancashire (incl Blackburn & Blackpool)

823,840

2.8%

20.8%

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An economic geography of England’s North West Employees at Unit level (Source = ONS IDBR) – Number, % of sector by sub region and % of sub-region by sector North West

Cheshire

Cumbria

Greater Manchester

Advanced engineering

273,840

46,405

17,765

102,075

41,620

65,975

Basic & fabricated metals

43,370

4,715

3,020

18,740

6,335

10,560

Employees - at Unit level

Greater Lancashire Merseyside

Bio-medical

20,475

8,535

850

4,385

3,080

Business & professional

366,875

63,435

14,820

166,040

72,820

49,765

Construction

211,340

30,905

17,130

88,115

35,585

39,605

Digital & creative

138,400

20,775

5,575

60,920

25,245

25,885

Environment & energy

47,755

6,380

11,780

14,305

6,055

9,235

Food & drink

420,975

63,180

45,235

145,695

75,315

91,550

Health & care

362,135

43,285

24,685

126,005

91,325

76,835

Household & office goods

51,555

4,840

1,810

22,105

8,350

14,445

Leisure & tourism

7,120

560

3,000

520

2,440

Mining

1,380

485

320

200

230

Paper & wood

24,360

3,145

3,165

8,595

2,995

6,460

Public administration

500,550

59,770

26,830

188,390

119,210

106,355

Retail & wholesale

266,280

42,855

19,480

104,010

46,655

53,280

Transport & logistics

125,045

19,600

8,830

51,660

25,290

19,665

Other services

123,715

17,120

6,345

53,310

23,815

23,125

Total - all sectors

2985175

435995

210640

1155070

584,985

598,485

Manufacturing industry Sports industry

381,805 80,040

55,700 13,780

34,595 6,210

135,040 28,295

58,545 14,715

97,925 17,040

North West

Cheshire

Cumbria

Greater Manchester

Advanced engineering

100.0%

16.9%

6.5%

37.3%

15.2%

24.1%

Basic & fabricated metals

100.0%

10.9%

7.0%

43.2%

14.6%

24.3%

Bio-medical

100.0%

41.7%

4.2%

21.4%

15.0%

Business & professional

100.0%

17.3%

4.0%

45.3%

19.8%

13.6%

Construction

100.0%

14.6%

8.1%

41.7%

16.8%

18.7%

Digital & creative

100.0%

15.0%

4.0%

44.0%

18.2%

18.7%

Environment & energy

100.0%

13.4%

24.7%

30.0%

12.7%

19.3%

Food & drink

100.0%

15.0%

10.7%

34.6%

17.9%

21.7%

Health & care

100.0%

12.0%

6.8%

34.8%

25.2%

21.2%

Household & office goods

100.0%

9.4%

3.5%

42.9%

16.2%

28.0%

Employees - at Unit level

Greater Lancashire Merseyside

Leisure & tourism

100.0%

7.9%

42.1%

7.3%

34.3%

Mining

100.0%

35.1%

23.2%

14.5%

16.7%

Paper & wood

100.0%

12.9%

13.0%

35.3%

12.3%

26.5%

Public administration

100.0%

11.9%

5.4%

37.6%

23.8%

21.2%

Retail & wholesale

100.0%

16.1%

7.3%

39.1%

17.5%

20.0%

Transport & logistics

100.0%

15.7%

7.1%

41.3%

20.2%

15.7%

Other services

100.0%

13.8%

5.1%

43.1%

19.2%

18.7%

Total - all sectors

100.0%

14.6%

7.1%

38.7%

19.6%

20.0%

Manufacturing industry

100.0%

14.6%

9.1%

35.4%

15.3%

25.6%

Sports industry

100.0%

17.2%

7.8%

35.4%

18.4%

21.3%

Note: Certain cells are marked with an asterisk as data is unavailable due to non-disclosure by ONS

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Employees - at Unit level Advanced engineering

North West

Cheshire

Cumbria

Greater Manchester

Greater Lancashire Merseyside

9.2%

10.6%

8.4%

8.8%

7.1%

11.0%

Basic & fabricated metals

1.5%

1.1%

1.4%

1.6%

1.1%

1.8%

Bio-medical

0.7%

2.0%

0.4%

0.5%

Business & professional

12.3%

14.5%

7.0%

14.4%

12.4%

8.3%

Construction

7.1%

8.1%

7.6%

6.1%

6.6%

Digital & creative

4.6%

4.8%

2.6%

5.3%

4.3%

Environment & energy

1.6%

1.5%

5.6%

1.2%

1.0%

1.5%

Food & drink

14.1%

14.5%

21.5%

12.6%

12.9%

15.3%

Health & care

12.1%

9.9%

11.7%

10.9%

15.6%

12.8%

Household & office goods

1.7%

1.1%

0.9%

1.9%

1.4%

2.4%

Leisure & tourism

0.2%

0.1%

1.4%

0.0%

0.4%

Mining

0.0%

0.1%

0.2%

0.0%

Paper & wood

0.8%

0.7%

1.5%

0.7%

0.5%

1.1%

Public administration

16.8%

13.7%

12.7%

16.3%

20.4%

17.8%

Retail & wholesale

8.9%

9.8%

9.2%

9.0%

8.0%

8.9%

Transport & logistics

4.2%

4.5%

4.2%

4.5%

4.3%

3.3%

Other services

4.1%

3.9%

3.0%

4.6%

4.1%

3.9%

Total - all sectors

100.0%

Manufacturing industry

12.8%

16.4%

11.7%

10.0%

16.4%

Sports industry

2.7%

3.2%

2.9%

2.4%

2.5%

2.8%

Note: Certain cells are marked with an asterisk as data is unavailable due to non-disclosure by ONS see glossary for further details. Where data does not equal the sum of the column or row it is due to non-disclosure and does not invalidate any of the figures shown

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An economic geography of England’s North West Workplaces at Unit level (Source = ONS IDBR) – Number, % of sector by sub region and % of sub-region by sector Workplaces - at Unit level

Greater Manchester

Greater Lancashire Merseyside

North West

Cheshire

Cumbria

Advanced engineering

20,100

3,095

1,530

8,200

2,885

4,395

Basic & fabricated metals

3,160

390

200

1,320

490

755

Bio-medical

500

210

Business & professional

43,240

7,835

2,960

16,405

7,180

8,855

Construction

30,765

4,145

3,190

11,440

4,990

7,000

Digital & creative

21,365

3,915

1,615

8,545

3,255

4,035

Environment & energy

2,690

410

325

915

430

610

Food & drink

41,765

6,215

7,405

11,970

6,080

10,095

Health & care

13,590

1,610

1,080

4,720

3,075

3,110

Household & office goods

3,895

540

185

1,705

605

865

Leisure & tourism

790

305

240

Mining

135

Paper & wood

1,530

180

210

495

240

405

Public administration

13,620

1,960

1,630

4,535

2,585

2,905

Retail & wholesale

32,535

5,065

2,910

11,840

5,395

7,325

Transport & logistics

10,640

1,545

1,035

3,970

1,735

2,350

Other services

15,055

2,455

1,030

5,740

2,700

3,130

Total - all sectors

255,370

39,565

25,680

92,130

41,810

56,190

Manufacturing industry

17,420

2,155

1,200

7,040

2,820

4,205

Sports industry

10,835

1,775

1,115

3,695

1,795

2,455

Cumbria

Greater Manchester

Workplaces - at Unit level

Greater Lancashire Merseyside

North West

Cheshire

Advanced engineering

100.0%

15.4%

7.6%

40.8%

14.4%

21.9%

Basic & fabricated metals

100.0%

12.3%

6.3%

41.8%

15.5%

23.9%

Bio-medical

100.0%

17.0%

4.0%

42.0%

19.0%

18.0%

Business & professional

100.0%

18.1%

6.8%

37.9%

16.6%

20.5%

Construction

100.0%

13.5%

10.4%

37.2%

16.2%

22.8%

Digital & creative

100.0%

18.3%

7.6%

40.0%

15.2%

18.9%

Environment & energy

100.0%

15.2%

12.1%

34.0%

16.0%

22.7%

Food & drink

100.0%

14.9%

17.7%

28.7%

14.6%

24.2%

Health & care

100.0%

11.8%

7.9%

34.7%

22.6%

22.9%

Household & office goods

100.0%

13.9%

4.7%

43.8%

15.5%

22.2%

Leisure & tourism

100.0%

10.8%

38.6%

12.0%

8.2%

30.4%

Mining

100.0%

25.9%

33.3%

14.8%

7.4%

18.5%

Paper & wood

100.0%

11.8%

13.7%

32.4%

15.7%

26.5%

Public administration

100.0%

14.4%

12.0%

33.3%

19.0%

21.3%

Retail & wholesale

100.0%

15.6%

8.9%

36.4%

16.6%

22.5%

Transport & logistics

100.0%

14.5%

9.7%

37.3%

16.3%

22.1%

Other services

100.0%

16.3%

6.8%

38.1%

17.9%

20.8%

Total - all sectors

100.0%

15.5%

10.1%

36.1%

16.4%

22.0%

Manufacturing industry

100.0%

12.4%

6.9%

40.4%

16.2%

24.1%

Sports industry

100.0%

16.4%

10.3%

34.1%

16.6%

22.7%

03-016-0708 http://www.kkp.co.uk

Knight, Kavanagh and Page Management Consultants

An economic geography of England’s North West

Workplaces - at Unit level Advanced engineering

North West

Cheshire

Cumbria

Greater Manchester

Greater Lancashire Merseyside

7.9%

7.8%

6.0%

8.9%

6.9%

7.8%

Basic & fabricated metals

1.2%

1.0%

0.8%

1.4%

1.2%

1.3%

Bio-medical

0.2%

0.1%

0.2%

Business & professional

16.9%

19.8%

11.5%

17.8%

17.2%

15.8%

Construction

12.0%

10.5%

12.4%

11.9%

12.5%

Digital & creative

8.4%

9.9%

6.3%

9.3%

7.8%

7.2%

Environment & energy

1.1%

1.0%

1.3%

1.0%

1.1%

Food & drink

16.4%

15.7%

28.8%

13.0%

14.5%

18.0%

Health & care

5.3%

4.1%

4.2%

5.1%

7.4%

5.5%

Household & office goods

1.5%

1.4%

0.7%

1.9%

1.4%

1.5%

Leisure & tourism

0.3%

0.2%

1.2%

0.1%

0.2%

0.4%

Mining

0.1%

0.2%

0.0%

Paper & wood

0.6%

0.5%

0.8%

0.5%

0.6%

0.7%

Public administration

5.3%

5.0%

6.3%

4.9%

6.2%

5.2%

Retail & wholesale

12.7%

12.8%

11.3%

12.9%

13.0%

Transport & logistics

4.2%

3.9%

4.0%

4.3%

4.1%

4.2%

Other services

5.9%

6.2%

4.0%

6.2%

6.5%

5.6%

Total - all sectors

100.0%

Manufacturing industry

6.8%

5.4%

4.7%

7.6%

6.7%

7.5%

Sports industry

4.2%

4.5%

4.3%

4.0%

4.3%

4.4%

03-016-0708 http://www.kkp.co.uk

Knight, Kavanagh and Page Management Consultants

An economic geography of England’s North West Employees at Enterprise level (Source = ONS IDBR) – Number, % of sector by sub region and % of sub-region by sector Employees - at Enterprise level

North West

Cheshire

Cumbria

Greater Manchester

Greater Lancashire Merseyside

Advanced engineering

222,005

31,710

8,160

95,460

36,260

50,410

Basic & fabricated metals

43,855

6,615

2,890

18,525

6,255

9,575

Bio-medical

22,780

12,830

Business & professional

289,130

59,940

10,955

127,595

54,470

36,170

Construction

187,720

34,005

13,715

70,705

31,660

37,640

Digital & creative

119,275

35,365

3,520

46,625

18,120

15,645

Environment & energy

35,795

19,675

1,750

6,490

2,870

5,010

Food & drink

384,910

49,690

30,605

192,885

45,805

70,190

Health & care

321,185

49,880

15,480

104,655

87,870

63,300

Household & office goods

50,295

3,955

4,385

20,685

6,635

14,645

Leisure & tourism

5,675

590

1,415

365

445

2,795

Mining

1,175

Paper & wood

22,730

2,940

2,265

9,840

2,420

5,265

Public administration

478,370

58,305

24,020

185,725

112,535

97,790

Retail & wholesale

228,965

46,095

12,745

84,755

32,610

52,765

Transport & logistics

107,755

12,780

6,400

26,205

38,435

23,930

Other services

89,185

13,425

4,590

33,925

17,565

19,680

Total - all sectors

2,610,810

434,435

143,040

1,028,025

497,990

507,315

Manufacturing industry

353,515

68,555

16,240

130,445

57,650

80,625

Sports industry

97,565

21,180

4,965

43,330

8,755

19,335

Employees - at Enterprise level

North West

Cheshire

Cumbria

Greater Manchester

Advanced engineering

100.0%

14.3%

3.7%

43.0%

16.3%

22.7%

Greater Merseyside Lancashire

Basic & fabricated metals

100.0%

15.1%

6.6%

42.2%

14.3%

21.8%

Bio-medical

100.0%

56.3%

Business & professional

100.0%

20.7%

3.8%

44.1%

18.8%

12.5%

Construction

100.0%

18.1%

7.3%

37.7%

16.9%

20.1%

Digital & creative

100.0%

29.6%

3.0%

39.1%

15.2%

13.1%

Environment & energy

100.0%

55.0%

4.9%

18.1%

8.0%

14.0%

Food & drink

100.0%

12.9%

8.0%

50.1%

11.9%

18.2%

Health & care

100.0%

15.5%

4.8%

32.6%

27.4%

19.7%

Household & office goods

100.0%

7.9%

8.7%

41.1%

13.2%

29.1%

Leisure & tourism

100.0%

10.4%

24.9%

6.4%

7.8%

49.3%

Mining

100.0%

Paper & wood

100.0%

12.9%

10.0%

43.3%

10.6%

23.2%

Public administration

100.0%

12.2%

5.0%

38.8%

23.5%

20.4%

Retail & wholesale

100.0%

20.1%

5.6%

37.0%

14.2%

23.0%

Transport & logistics

100.0%

11.9%

5.9%

24.3%

35.7%

22.2%

Other services

100.0%

15.1%

5.1%

38.0%

19.7%

22.1%

Total - all sectors

100.0%

16.6%

5.5%

39.4%

19.1%

19.4%

Manufacturing industry

100.0%

19.4%

4.6%

36.9%

16.3%

22.8%

Sports industry

100.0%

21.7%

5.1%

44.4%

9.0%

19.8%

Note: Certain cells are marked with an asterisk as data is unavailable due to non-disclosure by ONS

03-016-0708 http://www.kkp.co.uk

Knight, Kavanagh and Page Management Consultants

An economic geography of England’s North West

Employees - at Enterprise level

North West

Cheshire

Cumbria

Greater Manchester

Greater Lancashire Merseyside

Advanced engineering

8.5%

7.3%

5.7%

9.3%

7.3%

9.9%

Basic & fabricated metals

1.7%

1.5%

2.0%

1.8%

1.3%

1.9%

Bio-medical

0.9%

3.0%

Business & professional

11.1%

13.8%

7.7%

12.4%

10.9%

7.1%

Construction

7.2%

7.8%

9.6%

6.9%

6.4%

7.4%

Digital & creative

4.6%

8.1%

2.5%

4.5%

3.6%

3.1%

Environment & energy

1.4%

4.5%

1.2%

0.6%

1.0%

Food & drink

14.7%

11.4%

21.4%

18.8%

9.2%

13.8%

Health & care

12.3%

11.5%

10.8%

10.2%

17.6%

12.5%

Household & office goods

1.9%

0.9%

3.1%

2.0%

1.3%

2.9%

Leisure & tourism

0.2%

0.1%

1.0%

0.0%

0.1%

0.6%

Mining

Paper & wood

0.9%

0.7%

1.6%

1.0%

0.5%

1.0%

Public administration

18.3%

13.4%

16.8%

18.1%

22.6%

19.3%

Retail & wholesale

8.8%

10.6%

8.9%

8.2%

6.5%

10.4%

Transport & logistics

4.1%

2.9%

4.5%

2.5%

7.7%

4.7%

Other services

3.4%

3.1%

3.2%

3.3%

3.5%

3.9%

Total - all sectors

100.0%

Manufacturing industry

13.5%

15.8%

11.4%

12.7%

11.6%

15.9%

Sports industry

3.7%

4.9%

3.5%

4.2%

1.8%

3.8%

03-016-0708 http://www.kkp.co.uk

Knight, Kavanagh and Page Management Consultants

An economic geography of England’s North West Businesses at Enterprise level (Source = ONS IDBR) – Number, % of sector by sub region and % of sub-region by sector Businesses - at Enterprise level

North West

Cheshire

Cumbria

Greater Manchester

Advanced engineering

18,170

2,815

1,375

7,335

2,585

4,065

Basic & fabricated metals

2,895

355

185

1,200

440

720

Bio-medical

Greater Lancashire Merseyside

430

185

Business & professional

36,555

6,940

2,495

13,565

5,910

7,640

Construction

27,985

3,790

2,905

10,250

4,495

6,550

Digital & creative

15,945

3,085

865

6,560

2,255

3,180

Environment & energy

1,835

275

210

630

305

415

Food & drink

34,015

5,360

6,810

9,000

4,420

8,715

Health & care

7,735

970

650

2,675

1,575

1,860

Household & office goods

3,335

480

145

1,445

510

760

Leisure & tourism

680

250

205

Mining

Paper & wood

1,420

170

200

455

230

365

Public administration

5,325

980

670

1,630

850

1,190

Retail & wholesale

23,065

3,585

2,025

8,310

3,590

5,555

Transport & logistics

8,690

1,265

870

3,130

1,360

2,060

Other services

11,865

1,965

805

4,340

2,045

2,710

Total - all sectors

200,000

32,210

20,490

70,810

30,705

46,080

Manufacturing industry

15,410

1,910

1,040

6,260

2,415

3,785

Sports industry

8,350

1,385

860

2,775

1,310

2,020

Cumbria

Greater Manchester

Businesses - at Enterprise level

Greater Lancashire Merseyside

North West

Cheshire

Advanced engineering

100.0%

15.5%

7.6%

40.4%

14.2%

22.4%

Basic & fabricated metals

100.0%

12.3%

6.4%

41.5%

15.2%

24.9%

Bio-medical

100.0%

17.4%

3.5%

43.0%

17.4%

18.6%

Business & professional

100.0%

19.0%

6.8%

37.1%

16.2%

20.9%

Construction

100.0%

13.5%

10.4%

36.6%

16.1%

23.4%

Digital & creative

100.0%

19.3%

5.4%

41.1%

14.1%

19.9%

Environment & energy

100.0%

15.0%

11.4%

34.3%

16.6%

22.6%

Food & drink

100.0%

15.8%

20.0%

26.5%

13.0%

25.6%

Health & care

100.0%

12.5%

8.4%

34.6%

20.4%

24.0%

Household & office goods

100.0%

14.4%

4.3%

43.3%

15.3%

22.8%

Leisure & tourism

100.0%

12.5%

36.8%

12.5%

8.1%

30.1%

Mining

100.0%

27.3%

9.1%

18.2%

Paper & wood

100.0%

12.0%

14.1%

32.0%

16.2%

25.7%

Public administration

100.0%

18.4%

12.6%

30.6%

16.0%

22.3%

Retail & wholesale

100.0%

15.5%

8.8%

36.0%

15.6%

24.1%

Transport & logistics

100.0%

14.6%

10.0%

36.0%

15.7%

23.7%

Other services

100.0%

16.6%

6.8%

36.6%

17.2%

22.8%

Total - all sectors

100.0%

16.1%

10.2%

35.4%

15.4%

23.0%

Manufacturing industry

100.0%

12.4%

6.7%

40.6%

15.7%

24.6%

Sports industry

100.0%

16.6%

10.3%

33.2%

15.7%

24.2%

03-016-0708 http://www.kkp.co.uk

Knight, Kavanagh and Page Management Consultants

An economic geography of England’s North West

Businesses - at Enterprise level

North West

Cheshire

Cumbria

Greater Manchester

Advanced engineering

9.1%

8.7%

6.7%

10.4%

Greater Lancashire Merseyside 8.4%

8.8%

Basic & fabricated metals

1.4%

1.1%

0.9%

1.7%

1.4%

1.6%

Bio-medical

0.2%

0.1%

0.3%

0.2%

Business & professional

18.3%

21.5%

12.2%

19.2%

16.6%

Construction

14.0%

11.8%

14.2%

14.5%

14.6%

14.2%

Digital & creative

8.0%

9.6%

4.2%

9.3%

7.3%

6.9%

Environment & energy

0.9%

1.0%

0.9%

1.0%

0.9%

Food & drink

17.0%

16.6%

33.2%

12.7%

14.4%

18.9%

Health & care

3.9%

3.0%

3.2%

3.8%

5.1%

4.0%

Household & office goods

1.7%

1.5%

0.7%

2.0%

1.7%

1.6%

Leisure & tourism

0.3%

1.2%

0.1%

0.2%

0.4%

Mining

0.0%

0.1%

0.0%

Paper & wood

0.7%

0.5%

1.0%

0.6%

0.7%

0.8%

Public administration

2.7%

3.0%

3.3%

2.3%

2.8%

2.6%

Retail & wholesale

11.5%

11.1%

9.9%

11.7%

12.1%

Transport & logistics

4.3%

3.9%

4.2%

4.4%

4.5%

Other services

5.9%

6.1%

3.9%

6.1%

6.7%

5.9%

Total - all sectors

100.0%

Manufacturing industry

7.7%

5.9%

5.1%

8.8%

7.9%

8.2%

Sports industry

4.2%

4.3%

4.2%

3.9%

4.3%

4.4%

03-016-0708 http://www.kkp.co.uk

Knight, Kavanagh and Page Management Consultants

An economic geography of England’s North West Turnover at Enterprise level (Source = ONS IDBR) – Number, % of sector by sub region and % of sub-region by sector Turnover - at Enterprise level

North West

Cheshire

Advanced engineering

27,438,140

Basic & fabricated metals

4,469,170

Bio-medical

6,051,340

3,880,425

Business & professional

32,835,630

6,804,900

707,910

13,953,765

8,706,395

2,662,665

Construction

21,438,165

4,543,540

1,058,275

8,312,095

3,290,435

4,233,815

Digital & creative

12,724,415

4,139,270

174,585

4,654,645

2,490,505

1,265,410

Cumbria

Greater Manchester

Greater Lancashire Merseyside

4,397,090

700,620

11,742,890

4,397,925

6,199,615

1,016,460

226,085

1,791,700

632,325

802,600

Environment & energy

7,109,790

3,982,655

327,910

960,525

892,655

946,050

Food & drink

30,145,800

4,034,075

1,912,050

14,497,335

4,549,445

5,371,205

Health & care

15,098,160

1,563,225

724,055

5,261,470

4,303,970

3,245,445

Household & office goods

8,217,455

728,345

846,255

3,741,030

735,680

2,166,150

Leisure & tourism

431,665

72,025

95,600

22,700

29,430

215,180

Mining

177,890

Paper & wood

3,267,025

518,785

287,605

1,692,395

265,595

502,645

Public administration

7,421,415

1,095,290

293,065

2,967,420

1,457,215

1,608,425

Retail & wholesale

27,437,885

6,286,620

1,583,030

10,089,335

3,753,975

5,724,925

Transport & logistics

13,224,680

1,353,280

675,625

3,005,865

4,135,215

4,054,695

Other services

3,097,940

556,365

137,480

1,082,380

590,385

731,330

Total - all sectors

220,586,565 44,879,550

9,782,035

84,593,775

41,360,990

39,970,220

Manufacturing industry

43,867,825

12940105

1,881,975

13,860,740

7,050,805

8,134,200

Sports industry

6,513,505

1734830

379,115

2,612,115

589,655

1,197,790

Cumbria

Greater Manchester

Turnover - at Enterprise level

Greater Lancashire Merseyside

North West

Cheshire

Advanced engineering

100.0%

16.0%

2.6%

42.8%

16.0%

22.6%

Basic & fabricated metals

100.0%

22.7%

5.1%

40.1%

14.1%

18.0%

Bio-medical

100.0%

64.1%

Business & professional

100.0%

20.7%

2.2%

42.5%

26.5%

8.1%

Construction

100.0%

21.2%

4.9%

38.8%

15.3%

19.7%

Digital & creative

100.0%

32.5%

1.4%

36.6%

19.6%

9.9%

Environment & energy

100.0%

56.0%

4.6%

13.5%

12.6%

13.3%

Food & drink

100.0%

13.4%

6.3%

48.1%

15.1%

17.8%

Health & care

100.0%

10.4%

4.8%

34.8%

28.5%

21.5%

Household & office goods

100.0%

8.9%

10.3%

45.5%

9.0%

26.4%

Leisure & tourism

100.0%

16.7%

22.1%

5.3%

6.8%

49.8%

Mining

Paper & wood

100.0%

15.9%

8.8%

51.8%

8.1%

15.4%

Public administration

100.0%

14.8%

3.9%

40.0%

19.6%

21.7%

Retail & wholesale

100.0%

22.9%

5.8%

36.8%

13.7%

20.9%

Transport & logistics

100.0%

10.2%

5.1%

22.7%

31.3%

30.7%

Other services

100.0%

18.0%

4.4%

34.9%

19.1%

23.6%

Total - all sectors

100.0%

20.3%

4.4%

38.3%

18.8%

18.1%

Manufacturing industry

100.0%

29.5%

4.3%

31.6%

16.1%

18.5%

Sports industry

100.0%

26.6%

5.8%

40.1%

9.1%

18.4%

Note: Certain cells are marked with an asterisk as data is unavailable due to non-disclosure by ONS

03-016-0708 http://www.kkp.co.uk

Knight, Kavanagh and Page Management Consultants

An economic geography of England’s North West

Turnover - at Enterprise level

North West

Cheshire

Cumbria

Greater Manchester

Advanced engineering

12.4%

9.8%

7.2%

13.9%

10.6%

15.5%

Greater Lancashire Merseyside

Basic & fabricated metals

2.0%

2.3%

2.1%

1.5%

2.0%

Bio-medical

2.7%

8.6%

Business & professional

14.9%

15.2%

7.2%

16.5%

21.0%

6.7%

Construction

9.7%

10.1%

10.8%

9.8%

8.0%

10.6%

Digital & creative

5.8%

9.2%

1.8%

5.5%

6.0%

3.2%

Environment & energy

3.2%

8.9%

3.4%

1.1%

2.2%

2.4%

Food & drink

13.7%

9.0%

19.5%

17.1%

11.0%

13.4%

Health & care

6.8%

3.5%

7.4%

6.2%

10.4%

8.1%

Household & office goods

3.7%

1.6%

8.7%

4.4%

1.8%

5.4%

Leisure & tourism

0.2%

1.0%

0.0%

0.1%

0.5%

Mining

0.1%

Paper & wood

1.5%

1.2%

2.9%

2.0%

0.6%

1.3%

Public administration

3.4%

2.4%

3.0%

3.5%

4.0%

Retail & wholesale

12.4%

14.0%

16.2%

11.9%

9.1%

14.3%

Transport & logistics

6.0%

3.0%

6.9%

3.6%

10.0%

10.1%

Other services

1.4%

1.2%

1.4%

1.3%

1.4%

1.8%

Total - all sectors

100.0%

Manufacturing industry

19.9%

28.8%

19.2%

16.4%

17.0%

20.4%

Sports industry

3.0%

3.9%

3.1%

1.4%

3.0%

03-016-0708 http://www.kkp.co.uk

Knight, Kavanagh and Page Management Consultants

An economic geography of England’s North West Workplace size at Unit level (Source = ONS IDBR) – Number and share of workplaces and employees Employee Size Band

North West

Cheshire

Cumbria

Greater Manchester

Lancashire

Greater Merseyside

Number and proportionate share of workplaces at Unit level 0-9 10-49 50-249 250+ Total

209,145 36,925 7,940 1,360 255,370

32,980 5,255 1,125 200 39,565

22,155 2,970 490 60 25,680

74,400 14,000 3,145 580 92,130

46,790 7,555 1,615 230 56,190

32,820 7,145 1,565 285 41,810

0-9 10-49 50-249 250+

81.9% 14.5% 3.1% 0.5%

83.4% 13.3% 2.8% 0.5%

86.3% 11.6% 1.9% 0.2%

80.8% 15.2% 3.4% 0.6%

83.3% 13.4% 2.9% 0.4%

78.5% 17.1% 3.7% 0.7%

Total

100.0%

0-9 10-49 50-249 250+

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

15.8% 14.2% 14.2% 14.7%

10.6% 8.0% 6.2% 4.4%

35.6% 37.9% 39.6% 42.6%

22.4% 20.5% 20.3% 16.9%

15.7% 19.4% 19.7% 21.0%

Total

100.0%

15.5%

10.1%

36.1%

22.0%

16.4%

Number and proportionate share of employees at Unit level 0-9 10-49 50-249 250+ Total

588,515 771,955 781,515 843,190 2,985,175

88,650 108,725 111,455 127,165 435,995

61,010 59,950 47,475 42,205 210,640

210,350 296,925 309,935 337,855 1,155,070

129,430 155,985 159,460 153,610 598,485

99,065 150,370 153,190 182,355 584,985

0-9 10-49 50-249 250+ Total

19.7% 25.9% 26.2% 28.2% 100.0%

20.3% 24.9% 25.6% 29.2% 100.0%

29.0% 28.5% 22.5% 20.0% 100.0%

18.2% 25.7% 26.8% 29.2% 100.0%

21.6% 26.1% 26.6% 25.7% 100.0%

16.9% 25.7% 26.2% 31.2% 100.0%

0-9 10-49 50-249 250+

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

15.1% 14.1% 14.3% 15.1%

10.4% 7.8% 6.1% 5.0%

35.7% 38.5% 39.7% 40.1%

22.0% 20.2% 20.4% 18.2%

16.8% 19.5% 19.6% 21.6%

Total

100.0%

14.6%

7.1%

38.7%

20.0%

19.6%

03-016-0708 http://www.kkp.co.uk

Knight, Kavanagh and Page Management Consultants

An economic geography of England’s North West Business size at Enterprise level (Source = ONS IDBR) Employee Size Band

North West

Cheshire

Cumbria

Greater Manchester

Lancashire

Greater Merseyside

Number and proportionate share of businesses at Enterprise level 0-9 10-49 50-249 250+

176,400 19,200 3,480 915

28,590 2,665 495 170

18,595 1,605 240 40

61,880 7,295 1,275 365

40,920 4,165 810 185

26,415 3,470 660 155

Total

199,990

31,920

20,480

70,810

46,075

30,700

0-9 10-49 50-249

88.2% 9.6% 1.7%

89.6% 8.3% 1.6%

90.8% 7.8% 1.2%

87.4% 10.3% 1.8%

88.8% 9.0% 1.8%

86.0% 11.3% 2.1%

250+ Total

0.5% 100.0%

0.2% 100.0%

0.5% 100.0%

0.4% 100.0%

0.5% 100.0%

0-9 10-49 50-249

100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

16.2% 13.9% 14.2%

10.5% 8.4% 6.9%

35.1% 38.0% 36.6%

23.2% 21.7% 23.3%

15.0% 18.1% 19.0%

250+ Total

100.0% 100.0%

18.6% 16.0%

4.4% 10.2%

39.9% 35.4%

20.2% 23.0%

16.9% 15.4%

Number and proportionate share of employees at Enterprise level 0-9 10-49 50-249 250+

459,635 385,305 351,715 1,414,150

71,850 52,705 49,605 260,270

48,020 31,810 24,600 38,610

160,985 147,905 128,835 590,300

106,350 83,365 82,930 234,665

72,425 69,520 65,740 290,305

Total

2,610,810

434,435

143,040

1,028,025

507,315

497,990

0-9 10-49 50-249 250+

17.6% 14.8% 13.5% 54.2%

16.5% 12.1% 11.4% 59.9%

33.6% 22.2% 17.2% 27.0%

15.7% 14.4% 12.5% 57.4%

21.0% 16.4% 16.3% 46.3%

14.5% 14.0% 13.2% 58.3%

Total

100.0%

0-9

100.0%

15.6%

10.4%

35.0%

23.1%

15.8%

10-49 50-249 250+ Total

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

13.7% 14.1% 18.4% 16.6%

8.3% 7.0% 2.7% 5.5%

38.4% 36.6% 41.7% 39.4%

21.6% 23.6% 16.6% 19.4%

18.0% 18.7% 20.5% 19.1%

Value and proportionate share of businesses at Enterprise level (£‘000s) 0-9 10-49

£43,224,620 £35,639,940

£7,769,615 £5,339,465

£3,283,340 £2,307,250

£15,945,075 £14,239,625

£9,417,530 £7,057,475

£6,809,065 £6,696,125

50-249 250+ Total

£35,543,045 £106,178,960 £220,586,565

£5,810,850 £25,959,625 £44,879,550

£1,994,255 £2,197,185 £9,782,035

£13,624,200 £40,784,875 £84,593,775

£7,625,620 £15,869,595 £39,970,220

£6,488,120 £21,367,680 £41,360,990

0-9 10-49

19.6% 16.2%

17.3% 11.9%

33.6% 23.6%

18.8% 16.8%

23.6% 17.7%

16.5% 16.2%

50-249 250+ Total

16.1% 48.1% 100.0%

12.9% 57.8% 100.0%

20.4% 22.5% 100.0%

16.1% 48.2% 100.0%

19.1% 39.7% 100.0%

15.7% 51.7% 100.0%

0-9

100.0%

18.0%

7.6%

36.9%

21.8%

15.8%

10-49 50-249 250+ Total

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

15.0% 16.3% 24.4% 20.3%

6.5% 5.6% 2.1% 4.4%

40.0% 38.3% 38.4% 38.3%

19.8% 21.5% 14.9% 18.1%

18.8% 18.3% 20.1% 18.8%

03-016-0708 http://www.kkp.co.uk

Knight, Kavanagh and Page Management Consultants

An economic geography of England’s North West Employee and workplace numbers by sector at Unit level (Source = ONS IDBR) North West Region 2006

Workplaces

Employees Average size

Average size (rank position)

Public Admin

13,620

500,550

36.8

Food & drink

41,765

420,975

10.1

Business & professional services

43,240

366,875

8.5

Health & care

13,590

362,135

26.6

Advanced engineering & materials

20,100

273,840

13.6

Retail/wholesale

32,535

266,280

8.2

Construction related

30,765

211,340

6.9

Digital & creative

21,365

138,400

6.5

Transport/logistics

10,640

125,045

11.8

Other services

15,055

123,715

8.2

Manufacture of household/office goods

3,895

51,555

13.2

Environment & energy

2,690

47,755

17.8

Manufacture of basic & fabricated metals

3,160

43,370

13.7

Manufacturing - paper & wood related

1,530

24,360

15.9

Bio-medical

500

20,475

41.0

Leisure/tourism

790

7,120

9.0

Mining Total

135 255,375

1,380 2,985,170

10.2 11.7

Manufacturing

17,420

381,805

21.9

Sport

10,835

80,040

7.4

03-016-0708 http://www.kkp.co.uk

Knight, Kavanagh and Page Management Consultants

An economic geography of England’s North West Percentage change in workplaces by sector, region and sub-region 1998 – 2006 (Source = ONS IDBR) – Data ranked by growth/decline for main sectors England Business & professional Health & care Leisure & tourism Construction Public administration Digital & creative Transport & logistics Bio-medical Manuf household & office Advanced engineering Retail & wholesale Food & drink Other services Manuf - Paper & wood Environment & energy Manuf - fabricated Mining All Manufacturing Sport

38.3% 19.1% 18.0% 13.1% 12.9% -1.1% -1.2% -2.7% -7.1% -8.0% -12.7% -13.9% -14.1% -18.5% -20.0% -23.4% -42.7% 1.5% -21.0% 7.8%

North West 46.4% 16.1% 16.2% 14.7% 9.8% 8.6% -1.8% -8.3% -8.4% -10.1% -16.1% -16.3% -11.5% -20.3% -20.9% -20.3% -37.2% 0.5% -20.4% 4.3%

Cheshire Cumbria 43.0% 15.0% 54.5% 10.8% 10.4% 14.1% -3.4% 6.3% -4.4% -10.3% -9.1% -17.6% -7.5% -23.4% -26.1% -24.3% -30.0% 2.2% -21.2% 11.6%

63.5% 22.0% 17.3% 24.4% 24.4% 77.5% -1.4% 0.0% 2.8% 12.5% -6.0% -21.3% -30.9% -12.5% -13.3% -14.9% -40.0% 1.7% -4.4% 14.4%

Greater Greater Lancashire Manchester Merseyside 33.9% 51.0% 69.1% 13.3% 15.8% 19.6% 11.8% 8.3% 9.1% 15.4% 7.9% 17.1% 5.3% 4.2% 14.4% 8.4% -17.9% 15.6% -0.6% -9.4% 3.1% -6.7% -13.6% -14.3% -9.3% -9.0% -10.4% -16.6% -9.4% -3.0% -17.6% -21.5% -17.4% -13.0% -12.2% -17.9% -11.2% -11.6% -6.3% -26.7% -11.1% -19.0% -25.3% -14.9% -18.1% -21.9% -22.8% -15.6% -33.3% -33.3% -50.0% -0.7% -2.1% 2.8% -24.3% -18.4% -18.2% 2.1% -7.2% 8.4%

Percentage change in employees by sector, region and sub-region 1998 – 2006 (Source = ONS IDBR) – Data ranked by growth/decline for main sectors England North West Cheshire Cumbria Business & professional Health & care Public administration Construction Transport & logistics Digital & creative Leisure & tourism Bio-medical Other services Retail & wholesale Food & drink Manuf household & office Advanced engineering Environment & energy Manuf - Paper & wood Mining Manuf - fabricated All Manufacturing Sport

40.0% 25.2% 21.0% 20.1% 16.8% 11.7% 10.0% 9.4% 8.5% 5.1% 1.2% -10.3% -17.2% -17.4% -21.8% -25.0% -30.5% 10.5% -27.7% 31.2%

58.2% 14.3% 21.2% 18.1% 15.1% 8.9% 46.7% 9.1% 4.9% 7.1% -3.4% -10.4% -19.3% -20.8% -30.5% -38.4% -29.2% 8.2% -28.4% 23.8%

71.3% 53.5% 34.6% 5.9% 20.6% 22.6% * 19.6% 11.3% 12.2% -2.9% -17.5% -13.3% -43.1% -31.5% * -22.8% 14.7% -23.5% 32.2%

36.6% 13.7% 10.5% 31.3% 13.1% -10.6% 97.4% -46.9% -11.6% 12.3% -10.7% -22.6% -1.9% 7.2% 0.8% -40.2% -29.5% 4.5% -17.8% 16.8%

Greater Greater Lancashire Manchester Merseyside 62.1% 56.9% 41.8% -6.4% 34.7% 19.2% 17.8% 31.1% 13.6% 23.6% 9.5% 20.5% 7.1% 26.6% 20.0% 13.9% 6.5% -3.0% 52.9% * 15.4% 24.4% * -11.5% 9.0% -10.2% 15.8% 6.9% -1.8% 10.6% 0.2% -5.0% -4.1% -8.8% -19.4% -2.2% -23.0% -24.6% -17.7% -30.4% 1.1% -20.0% -37.7% -8.3% -36.9% -56.0% * -27.0% -34.0% -32.2% -19.6% 6.4% 11.9% 5.3% -33.2% -33.7% -23.4% 21.4% 15.3% 32.8%

Note: Certain cells are marked with an asterisk as data is unavailable due to non-disclosure by ONS – see glossary for further details. 03-016-0708 http://www.kkp.co.uk

Knight, Kavanagh and Page Management Consultants