What are Terpenes?
Introduction You’ve experienced terpenes all your life, you're probably just unaware of them. Simply put, terpenes are what gives an orange its citrusy smell, they give pine trees their unique aroma; and they’re even responsible for the relaxing effects in lavender. Terpenes are natural chemicals that determine how various plants and fruit smell.
Terpenes Certain terpenes such as myrcene and caryophyllene have been shown to activate the CB2 receptors. What this means is that the body is able to access a plethora of benefits ranging from calmness, deeper sleep states, gut digestion and immune function, anti-inflammatory properties and the list goes on. You can view our CB2 Science page for a detailed list of studies conducted on terpenes. Here are some of the more prominent terpenes and their associated ben efits .
Myrcene Myrcene, which can also be found in mangoes, is the primary terpene found in cannabis plants. In fact, some plants can have up to 65 percent of their terpene profile made up by myrcene alone. The presence of myrcene often determines whether a specific strain can be considered an indica or sativa. Plants with more than 0.5 percent myrcene are said to be indica. Myrcene is responsible for giving marijuana its distinctive aroma. Myrcene has relaxing properties as well as antiinflammatory properties.
Caryophyllene This terpene, which has a spicy, woody, peppery scent, is also found in black pepper and cinnamon. Studies indicate that this one small terpene is capable of performing the big job of treating anxiety, depression, and inflammation.
Limonene The second most abundant terpene found in cannabis, limonene can also be found in various citrus fruits and is responsible for the citrusy smell. However, it may not be present in all cannabis strains. Limonene has powerful anti fungal and antibacterial properties, and its great smell means that it is a common additive in household cleaning and cosmetic products. Limonene can also help to bust stress and enhance mood.
Pinene This terpene’s name says it all, really. Pinene is found most abundantly in the pine tree and is what gives pine needles its distinctive smell. Pinene is a strong bronchodilator, but also has strong anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effects that have been used for centuries in herbal medicines.
Linalool If you’ve ever used lavender for its relaxant effects, then you’re familiar with the terpene linalool. Linalool is widely known for the stress-relieving, anti-anxiety, and anti-depressant effects.
Conclusion Terpenes are synthesized in cannabis in secretory cells inside glandular trichomes, and production is increased with light exposure. These terpenes are mostly found in high concentrations in unfertilized female cannabis flowers prior to senescence (the condition or process of deterioration with age). The essential oil is extracted from the plant material by steam distillation or vaporization.