Discrimination Act (2009), p. 15. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner, 2000, Social Justice Report 1999, Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, Sydney, p. 109. 37 For an overview of the Australian Human Rights Commission’s analysis of mandatory sentencing laws in the Northern Territory and Western Australia see Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, Submission to the United Nations Human Rights Committee, June 2000, available online at: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/content/pdf/social_justice/submissions_un_ hr_committee/5_mandatory_sentencing.pdf. 38 Northern Territory National Emergency Response Act 2007 (Cth) ss 60, 62, cited in Submission, Commonwealth Government, Response to Notice of Adverse Material 46. 39 Northern Territory National Emergency Response Act 2007 (Cth). For a comprehensive analysis of the discriminatory elements of the Northern Territory Emergency Response see Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner, 2008, Social Justice Report 2007, ‘Chapter 3: The Northern Territory ‘Emergency Response’ intervention – A human rights analysis’, Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, Sydney; Anaya, J, 2010, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people, Addendum, ‘Situation of indigenous peoples in Australia’, UN Doc: A/HRC/15/37/ Add.4. 40 Anaya, J, 2010, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people, Addendum, ‘Situation of indigenous peoples in Australia’, UN Doc: A/HRC/15/37/Add.4, Appendix B; United Nations Human Rights Committee, 2009, Concluding observations of the Human Rights Committee – Australia, UN Doc: CCPR/C/AUS/CO/5, 7 May 2009, para. 14; United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, 2010, Concluding observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Australia, UN Doc: CERD/C/AUS/CO/15–17, 13 September 2010, para. 16; United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding observations: Australia, UN Doc: CRC/C/AUS/CO/4, 28 August 2012, para. 29. 41 Anaya, J, 2010, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people, Addendum, ‘Situation of indigenous peoples in Australia’, UN Doc: A/HRC/15/37/Add.4, Appendix B, paras 2, 13, 23. 42 Yu, P, Ella-Duncan, M & Grey, B, 2008, Northern Territory Emergency Response: Report of the NTER Review Board, Australian Government, Canberra, p. 8, <http://apo.org.au/system/files/551/apo-nid551-81416.pdf>, accessed 11 August 2017. 43 Bowling, B, 1998, Violent Racism: Victimisation, Policing and Social Context, Clarendon Press, pp. 3-4 as cited in H, Blagg, N, Morgan, C, Cunneen & A, Ferrante, 2005, Systemic Racism as a factor in the over-representation of Aboriginal people in the Victorian criminal justice system, Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission, p. 7. 44 Bowling, B, 1998, Violent Racism: Victimisation, Policing and Social Context, Clarendon Press, pp. 3-4 as cited in Blagg, H, Morgan, N, Cunneen, C, & Ferrante, A, 2005, Systemic Racism as a factor in the over-representation of Aboriginal people in the Victorian criminal justice system, Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission, p. 7. 45 Transcript, Leonard de Souza, 22 March 2017, p. 1654: line 26 – p. 1655: line 5; Transcript, Eliza Tobin and Greg Harmer, 24 March 2017, p. 1783: lines 3-21; Transcript, Ian Johns, 28 March 2017, p. 2034: lines 30-43. 46 Blagg, H, Morgan, N, Cunneen, C & Ferrante, A, 2005, Systemic Racism as a factor in the over-representation of Aboriginal people in the Victorian criminal justice system, Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission, p. 7. 47 Transcript, Andrew Jackomos, 23 June 2017, p. 4876: line 32 – p. 4877: line 2. 48 Blagg, H, Morgan, N, Cunneen, C & Ferrante, A, 2005, Systemic Racism as a factor in the over-representation of Aboriginal people in the Victorian criminal justice system, Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission, p. 164. 49 Exh.546.000, DG Case Study Tender Bundle, Tab 37, tendered 22 June 2017, p. 8. 50 Exh.045.002, Statement of Joe Yick, 17 November 2016, tendered 9 December 2016, p. 10. 51 Transcript, Antoinette Carrol, 15 March 2017, p. 1164: lines 40-47; Transcript, Russell Goldflam, 12 December 2016, p. 824: lines 37-45; Transcript, Anna Gill, 9 May 2017, p. 3612: lines 31-37. 52 Transcript, Antoinette Carroll, 15 March 2017, p. 1164: lines 24-28. 53 Submission, Danila Dilba Health Service, May 2017, p. 2. 54 Submission, North Australian Aboriginal Justice Agency, Detention, August 2017, p. 88. 55 Submission, Danila Dilba Health Service, May 2017, pp. 3, 11. 56 Steering Committee for the Review of Government Service Provision, Overcoming Indigenous Disadvantage: Key Indicators 2016, Productivity Commission, Canberra, Table 11A.3.43. 57 Submission, National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Legal Services, 1 June 2017, p. 4. 58 Exh.031.002, Annexure 1 to the Statement of Keith Hamburger, A safer Northern Territory through Correctional Interventions: Report of the review of the Northern Territory Department of Correctional Services [REDACTED], 31 July 2016, tendered 5 December 2016, p. 6. 59 Submission, Danila Dilba Health Service, May 2017, p. 15. 60 Transcript, Katherine McFarlane, 2 June 2017, p. 4312: lines 18-20. 61 Transcript, Katrina Wong, 2 June 2017, p. 4313: lines 16-33. 62 Zubrick, SR. et al., 2004, The Western Australian Aboriginal Child Health Survey: The Health of Aboriginal Children and Young People, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Perth, pp. xiii-xiv. 63 Healing Foundation, 2013, Growing Our Children up Strong and Deadly: healing for children and young people, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Healing Foundation, Canberra, p. 3. 64 Exh.024.008, Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, 1997, Bringing them home – Report of the National Inquiry into 36
Royal Commission into the Protection and Detention of Children in the Northern Territory
CHAPTER 4| Page 188