Green dictionary - final common product of Comenius project by Lucie

LIFELONG LEARNING PROGRAMME COMENIUS PARTNERSHIP COMENIUS MULTILATERAL SCHOOL PARTNERSHIP PROJECT TITLE: ”ECO IDEAS, ECO CITIZENS” 2012-2014 PARTNER COUNTRIES: TURKEY, POLAND, ROMANIA, SPAIN, LATVIA, BULGARIA, CZECH REPUBLIC, ITALY

GREEN DICTIONARY

Marinescu Crenguta Cristina, Porumboiu Mariana, Nicolae Constantin Tiberiu, Cristea Valentin Gabriel

ROMANIA – 2014

Editura Transversal Bucureşti Tehnoredactare&Procesare: Transversal SRL

Editură acreditată de Consiliul Naţional al Cercetării Ştiinţifice din Învăţământul Superior (CNCSIS) şi membră fondatoare a Asociaţiei Geografilor Umanişti din România (AGUR).

ISBN 978-606-605-082-1

GREEN DICTIONARY

Marinescu Crenguta Cristina, Porumboiu Mariana, Nicolae Constantin Tiberiu, Cristea Valentin Gabriel

ROMANIA – 2014 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Green Dictionary First Part: Basic English Phrases – Turkey ................................................. 2. Green Dictionary First Part: Basic English Phrases – Poland ................................................ 3. Green Dictionary First Part: Basic English Phrases – Romania............................................... 4. Green Dictionary First Part: Basic English Phrases – Spain .................................................. 5. Green Dictionary First Part: Basic English Phrases – Latvia ................................................. 6. Green Dictionary First Part: Basic English Phrases – Bulgaria ............................................. 7. Green Dictionary First Part: Basic English Phrases – Czech Republic ................................... 8. Green Dictionary First Part: Basic English Phrases – Italy ..................................................... 9. Green Dictionary Second Part for Students: – Turkey .............................................................. 10. Green Dictionary Second Part for Students: – Poland ............................................................. 11. Green Dictionary Second Part for Students: – Romania............................................................ 12. Green Dictionary Second Part for Students: – Spain ………………………………………….. 13. Green Dictionary Second Part for Students: – Latvia ................................................................. 14. Green Dictionary Second Part for Students: – Bulgaria ........................................................... 15. Green Dictionary Second Part for Students: – Czech Republic ................................................

7 16 25 34 43 52 61 70 79 81 83 85 87 89 91

16. Green Dictionary Second Part for Students: – Italy .................................................................. 17. Green Dictionary Second Part for Teachers: –English .............................................................. 18. Green Dictionary Second Part for Teachers: – Turkey .............................................................. 19. Green Dictionary Second Part for Teachers: – Poland ............................................................. 20. Green Dictionary Second Part for Teachers: – Romania ........................................................... 21. Green Dictionary Second Part for Teachers: – Spain ............................................................... 22. Green Dictionary Second Part for Teachers: – Latvia .............................................................. 23. Green Dictionary Second Part for Teachers: – Bulgaria ........................................................... 24. Green Dictionary Second Part for Teachers: – Czech Republic ................................................ 25. Green Dictionary Second Part for Teachers: – Italy ..................................................................

93 95 106 118 120 132 144 152 164 172

Green Dictionary First Part: Basic English Phrases – Turkey

Basic English phrases yes no maybe please thanks thank you thank you very much you're welcome not at all How are you? I’m fine, thanks I’m happy I’m tired I’m hungry I’m sad What's your name?

Temel ifadeler evet Hayır belki Lütfen Teşekkürler teşekkür ederim. çok teşekkür ederim Rica ederim. Bir şey değil. nasılsın? iyiyim, teşekkürler. Mutluyum. Yorgunum açım. Üzgünüm Adın ne? 7

My name is Gabriela. Nice to meet you How old are you? I am 15 years old. Have you got any brothers? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Where do you live? I live in … I am... ...happy ...tired Where is the... ...the bathroom? ...the hotel? what’s the time? It’s 4 o’clock p.m. It’s half past 4 . It’s a quarter past 4. It’s a quarter to 4

Adım Gabriela’dır. tanıştığıma memnun oldum. Yaşınız kaç? 15 yaşındayım. Hiç erkek kardeşin var mı? Evet, var. Hayır ,yok. Nerede yaşıyorsun? Ben ……… yaşıyorum. Ben…… mutlu yorgun ……. Nerededir? banyo otel Saat kaç? Öğleden sonra dörttür. Saat dört buçuktur. Saat dördü çeyrek geçiyor. Saat dörde çeyrek var.

Saying hello and good bye

Selamlaşma ve veda cümleleri Merhaba Selam Günaydın iyi öğlenler

Hello hi (quite informal) Good morning! Good afternoon (used between noon and 6pm) Good evening (used after 6pm) Good night (only said when going to bed)

İyi akşamlar iyi geceler

Bye Good bye Good night see you! see you later! See you on Sunday! have a nice day! have a good weekend!

Hoşçakal Güle güle İyi geceler Görüşmek üzere! Sonra görüşürüz. Pazar günü görüşürüz! İyi günler İyi hafta sonları

Birinin dikkatini çekme ve özür dileme Afedersiniz.

Making yourself understood Can you speak English? I don't speak English I speak a little English please speak more slowly Could you please repeat that? please write it down I understand I don't understand

Üzgünüm Sorun yok. Herşey yolunda Endişelenme. Kendini anlaşılır yapma. İngilizce konuşabilir misiniz? İngilizce konuşamam. Biraz İngilizce konuşabilirim. Lütfen, biraz daha yavaş konuşur musunuz? Lütfen,tekrar eder misiniz? Lütfen , yazar mısınız? Anlıyorum,anladım. Anlamadım. 9

Things you might see Entrance Exit Emergency exit Push Pull Out of order No smoking Talking on the Phone What’s your telephone number? My telephone number is… Hello This is Ms. Laura. I would like to talk to Mr. Popescu. Numbers one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven

Karşılaşabileceğiniz bazı kelimeler Giriş Çıkış Acil Çıkış İtiniz Çekiniz Servis dışı Sigara İçilmez Telefonda konuşma telefon numaranız nedir? Benim telefon numaram……. dır. Merhaba Bu bayan Laura’dır. Bay Popescu ile konuşmak istiyorum. Rakamlar bir İki üç dört beş altı yedi sekiz dokuz on on bir 10

twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty-one thirty forty fifty one hundred one thousand

on iki on üç on dört on beş on altı on yedi on sekiz on dokuz yirmi yirmi bir otuz kırk elli yüz bin

Ordinal numbers first second third tenth

Sıra sayıları Birinci ikinci üçüncü onuncu

Other useful words about over under or less than

Diğer kullanışlı kelimeler Hakkında Üzerinde ….den aşağı

Colours white yellow orange red

renkler beyaz sarı Turuncu kırmızı 11

green blue black silver gold

yeşil mavi siyah gümüş rengi altın rengi

Days of the week what day is it? Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Haftanın günleri Bugün günlerden ne? Pazartesi Salı Çarşamba Perşembe Cuma Cumartesi Pazar

Months January February March April May June July August September October November December

Aylar Ocak Şubat Mart Nisan Mayıs Haziran Temmuz Ağustos eylül ekim kasım aralık

Seasons Spring Summer Autumn Winter

Mevsimler İlkbahar Yaz SOnbahar Kış

Countries and nationalities Where are you from? What’s your nationality?

Ülkeler ve Milletler Nerelisin? Milliyetin nedir?

Country/ Ülke

Adjective/ Sıfat

Latvia/Letonya

Latvian/Leton

Latvian/ Leton

Italy/ İtalya

Italian/İtalyan

Italian/ İtalyan

Spanish İspanyol

Spaniard/ İspanyol

Spain/İspanya Spanish/İspanyol

Nationality/ Inhabitant/ Millet İnsanlar

Bulgaria/ Bulgaristan

Bulgarian/Bulgar

Bulgarian /Bulgar

Czech Republic/Çek Cumhuriyeti

Czech/Çek

Poland/ Polonya

Polish/ Polonyalı

Pole/ Polonyalı

Romania/ Romanya

Romanian/ Romen

Turkey/ Türkiye

Turkish/Türk

Turkish /Türk

Turk/ Türk

At a restaurant Waiter Chef Cook booking breakfast lunch dinner menu

Lokantada garson şef yemek rezervasyon kahvaltı öğlen yemeği akşam yemeği menü

Hotels and accommodation single room double room to book luggage key room service receptionist room number check-in check-out to pay the bill Travelling by air flight boarding card arrivals departures gate passport connecting flight

Otel ve konaklama tek kişilik oda çift kişilik oda Rezerve etme valiz anahtar oda servisi resepsiyon görevlisi oda numarası otele giriş işlemi otelden çıkış işlemi Faturayı ödemek Havayolu ile seyahat Uçuş Biniş kartı Varış kalkış kapı pasaport Bağlantılı uçuş 14

to take off to land

uçağın kalkması, havalanması Uçağın inmesi

Education student grade teacher subject secondary school computer room to study exam results

eğitim Öğrenci Mezuniyet Öğretmen Konu Orta okul Bilgisayar odası Ders çalışmak Sınav sonuçları

Green Dictionary First Part: Basic English Phrases – Poland

Podstawowe zwroty tak nie może proszę dzięki dziękuję Dziękuję bardzo proszę bardzo wcale nie Jak się masz? Czuję się dobrze , dzięki Jestem szczęśliwy Jestem zmęczony Jestem głodny Jestem smutny Jak masz na imię ? Mam na imię Gabriela . 16

Nice to meet you How old are you? I am 15 years old. Have you got any brothers? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Where do you live? I live in … I am... ...happy ...tired Where is the... ...the bathroom? ...the hotel? what’s the time? It’s 4 o’clock p.m. It’s half past 4 . It’s a quarter past 4. It’s a quarter to 4

Miło cię poznać Ile ty masz lat ? Jestem 15 lat . Jeżeli masz żadnych braci ? Tak, mam . Nie, nie mam . Gdzie mieszkasz ? Mieszkam w ... Jestem ... szczęśliwy ... zmęczony ... Gdzie jest... ...łazienka ? ...hotelu ? co to jest czas ? To godzina szesnasta Jest wpół do 4 . Tokwadrans po 4 . To jest na 4 kwartał

Saying hello and good bye

Mówi dzień dobry i do widzenia cześć hi ( bardzo nieformalne) Dzień dobry ! Dzień dobry ( używane między południem i 6pm ) Dobry wieczór ( używane po 6pm ) Dobranoc ( tylko powiedział , gdy się do łóżka ) bye

Hello hi (quite informal) Good morning! Good afternoon (used between noon and 6pm) Good evening (used after 6pm) Good night (only said when going to bed) Bye

Good bye Good night see you! see you later! See you on Sunday! have a nice day! have a good weekend!

Żegnaj dobranoc Do zobaczenia ! do zobaczenia później ! Do zobaczenia w niedzielę ! Miłego dnia ! mieć dobry weekend!

Pierwsze czyjąś uwagę i przepraszać przepraszam ( może być używany do zwrócenia na siebie uwagi , aby ominąć kogoś , lub przeprosić ) Przepraszam , przepraszam nie ma problemu to OK, lub , że jest OK nie martw się o to

Dokonywanie się rozumieć Czy mówisz po angielsku ? Nie mówię po angielsku Mówię trochę po angielsku proszę mówić wolniej Czy mógłbyś powtórzyć? proszę to zapisać rozumiem Nie rozumiem

Rzeczy można zobaczyć wejście Wyjście wyjście awaryjne pchnięcie ciągnąć W porządku Zakaz palenia

Rozmawia przez telefon Jaki jest twój numer telefonu ?

Numbers one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen

numery jeden dwa trzy cztery pięć sześć siedem osiem dziewięć dziesięć jedenaście dwanaście trzynaście

Mój numer telefonu to ... cześć Jest Pani Laura. Chciałbym porozmawiać z panem Popescu.

fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty-one thirty forty fifty one hundred one thousand

czternaście piętnaście szesnaście siedemnaście osiemnaście dziewiętnaście dwadzieścia dwadzieścia jeden trzydzieści czterdzieści pięćdziesiąt sto tysiąc

Ordinal numbers first second third tenth

numery porządkowe pierwszy drugi trzeci dziesiąty

Other useful words about over under or less than

Inne przydatne słowa o przez pod lub mniej niż

Colours white yellow orange red green blue

Kolory biały żółty pomarańczowy czerwony zielony niebieski 20

black silver gold

czarny srebrny złoto

Days of the week what day is it? Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Dni tygodnia co dzień? poniedziałek wtorek środa czwartek piątek sobota niedziela

Months January February March April May June July August September October November December

Miesięcy styczeń luty marzec kwiecień maj czerwiec lipiec sierpień wrzesień październik listopad grudzień

Seasons Spring Summer

Pory roku wiosna lato 21

Autumn Winter

jesień zim

Countries and nationalities Where are you from? What’s your nationality?

Kraje i narodowości Gdzie jesteś? Jaka jest twoja narodowość ?

Country/ Kraj

Adjective/ Przymiotnik

Nationality/ Narodowość

Inhabitant/ Mieszkaniec

Latvia/ Łotwa

Latvian/ Łotewski

Italy/ Włochy Italian/ włoski Italian/ włoski Italian/ włoski Spain/ Hiszpanska

Spanish/ Hiszpan

Spaniard/ Hiszpan

Bulgaria/ Bułgaria

Bulgarian/ Bułgarski

Czech Republic/ Czechy

Czech/ Czech Czech/ Czech Czech/ Czech

Poland/Polska Polish/ Polska Polish/ Polska

Pole/ Polak

Romania/ Rumunia

Romanian/ Rumuński

Turkey/ Turcja

Turkish/ Turecki

Turk/ Turek

At a restaurant Waiter Chef

W restauracji kelner szef kuchni 22

Cook booking breakfast lunch dinner menu

ugotować rezerwacja śniadanie lunch obiad menu

Hotels and accommodation single room double room to book luggage key room service receptionist room number check-in check-out to pay the bill

Hotele i zakwaterowanie pokój jednoosobowy pokój dwuosobowy do rezerwacji bagaż klucz room service recepcjonista numer pokoju check-in wymeldowanie wymeldowanie

Travelling by air flight boarding card arrivals departures gate passport connecting flight to take off to land

Podróżowanie samolotem lot karta pokładowa przyloty odloty brama paszport podłączania lot do startu do ziemi

Education student grade teacher subject secondary school computer room to study exam results

Edukacja student gatunek nauczyciel przedmiot Ĺ&#x203A;rednie sala komputerowa na studia wyniki egzaminu

Green Dictionary First Part: Basic English Phrases – Romania

Expresii de bază da nu poate vă rog mulțumesc vă mulțumesc vă mulțumesc foarte mult cu plăcere pentru puțin Ce mai faci? Sunt bine, mulțumesc. Sunt fericit/(ă). Sunt obosit/(ă). Mi-e foame Sunt trist Cum vă numiți? Numele meu este Gabriela. 25

Încântat(ă) să vă cunosc. Câți ani aveți? Am 15 ani. Aveți frați? Da, am. Nu, nu am. Unde locuiți? Locuiesc în... Sunt .... ...fericit/(ă) ...obosit/(ă) Unde este .... ...baia? ...hotelul? Cât este ceasul? Este ora 4. Este ora 4 și jumătate. Este ora 4 și un sfert. Este ora 4 fără un sfert.

Saying hello and good bye

Saluturi Bună și La revedere Bună Bună Bună dimineața! Bună ziua!

Hello hi (quite informal) Good morning! Good afternoon (used between noon and 6pm) Good evening (used after 6pm) Good night (only said when going to bed) Bye

Bună seara! Noapte bună! La revedere 26

Good bye Good night see you! see you later! See you on Sunday! have a nice day! have a good weekend!

La revedere Noapte bună! Pa! Pe curând! Ne vedem duminică! Să aveți o zi plăcută! Să aveți un sfârșit de săptămână frumos!

Cum să captezi atenția și să-ti ceri scuze Mă scuzați (poate fi folosit pentru a atenția cuiva, fără a se înțelege ca îți ceri scuze)

A te face înțeles Puteți vorbi engleză? Nu vorbesc engleză Vorbesc puțină engleză Vă rog vorbiți mai rar Ați putea să repetați? Vă rog să scrieți Înțeleg Nu înțeleg

Scuze, Îmi cer scuze. Nicio problemă E OK sau E în regulă. Nu vă îngrijorați în legătură cu aceasta.

Lucruri pe care le-ți putea vedea Intrare Ieșire Ieșirea de urgență Împingeți Trageți defect Fumatul interzis

Things you might see Entrance Exit Emergency exit Push Pull Out of order No smoking Talking on the Phone What’s your telephone number? My telephone number is…

I would like to talk to Mr. Popescu.

Vorbind la telefon Care este numărul dumneavoastră de telefon? Numărul meu de telefon este ….. Alo/Bună La telefon este domnișoara Laura. Aș vrea să vorbesc cu domnul Popescu.

Numbers one two three four five six seven eight nine ten

Numere unu doi trei patru cinci șase șapte opt nouă zece

Hello This is Ms. Laura.

eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty-one thirty forty fifty one hundred one thousand

unsprezece douăsprezece treisprezece patrusprezece cincisprezece șasesprezece șaptesprezece optsprezece nouăsprezece douăzeci douăzeci și unu treizeci patruzeci cincizeci o sută o mie

Ordinal numbers first second third tenth

Numere ordinale primul al doilea al treilea al zecelea

Other useful words about over under or less than

Alte cuvinte folositoare despre peste sub sau mai puțin decât

Colours white yellow orange

Culori alb galben portocaliu 29

red green blue black silver gold

roșu verde albastru negru argintiu auriu

Days of the week what day is it? Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Zilele săptămânii Ce zi este astăzi? luni marți miercuri joi vineri sâmbătă duminică

Months January February March April May June July August September October November December

luni ianuarie februarie martie aprilie mai iunie iulie august septembrie octombrie noiembrie decembrie

Seasons Spring Summer Autumn Winter

Anotimpuri Promăvară Vară Toamnă Iarnă Țări și naționalități De unde sunteți? Care este naționalitatea dumneavoastră?

Countries and nationalities Where are you from? What’s your nationality?

Country/Țara

Adjective/ Nationality/ Adjectiv Naționalitate

Inhabitant/ Locuitor

Latvia/Letonia

Latvian/ letonian

Latvian/ letonă

Latvian/ leton(ă)

Italy/Italia

Italian/ italian

Italian/ italiană

Italian/ Italian(ă)

Spain/Spania

Spanish/ spaniolă

Spaniard/ spaniol(ă)

Bulgaria/ Bulgaria

Bulgarian/ bulgăresc

Bulgarian/ bulgară

Bulgarian/ bulgar(ă)

Czech Republic/ Republica Cehă

Czech/ cehesc

Czech/cehă

Czech/ceh(ă)

Poland/Polonia

Polish/ polonez

Polish/ polonă

Pole/ polonez(ă)

Romania/ România

Romanian/ românesc

Romanian/ română

Romanian/ român, româncă

Turkey/Turcia

Turkish/ turcesc

Turkish/turcă

Turk/turc, turcoaică

At a restaurant Waiter Chef Cook booking breakfast lunch dinner menu

La restaurant chelner bucătar șef bucătar rezevare mic dejun prânz cină meniu Hoteluri și cazare camera pentru o persoană camera dublă a rezerva bagaj cheia servire în cameră recepționer numărul de la cameră înregistrarea ieșirea a plăti factura

Hotels and accommodation single room double room to book luggage key room service receptionist room number check-in check-out to pay the bill

Călătoria cu avionul zborul tichetul de îmbarcare sosiri plecări poartă de îmbarcare pașaport zborul de conexiune

Travelling by air flight boarding card arrivals departures gate passport connecting flight 32

to take off to land

a decola a ateriza

Education student grade teacher subject secondary school computer room to study exam results

Educație elev, student clasa profesor materie, subiect școală gimnazială laborator de informatică a studia rezultatele examenului

Green Dictionary First Part: Basic English Phrases – Spain

Frases básicas en español Si No Puede Por favor Gracias Gracias Muchas gracias De nada De nada ¿Cómo estás? Bien, gracias Soy feliz Estoy cansado Tengo hambre Estoy triste What's your name? - ¿Cómo te llamas? 34

My name is Gabriela. Nice to meet you

How old are you? I am 15 years old. Have you got any brothers? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Where do you live? I live in … I am... ...happy ...tired Where is the... ...the bathroom? ...the hotel? what’s the time? It’s 4 o’clock p.m. It’s half past 4 . It’s a quarter past 4. It’s a quarter to 4 Saying hello and good bye Hello hi (quite informal) Good morning!

Me llamo Grabriela Encantado/Encantada de conocerte (it depends if male/female) ¿Cuantos años tienes? Tengo 15 años ¿Tienes hermanos? Si los tengo No, no tengo ¿Dónde vives? Vivo en… Soy… …feliz … cansado/cansada (it depends if male/female) ¿Dónde está el/la… (it depends if male/female) … baño? … hotel? ¿Qué hora es? Son las cuatro de la tarde en punto. Son las cuatro y media Son las cuatro y cuarto Son las cuatro menos cuarto Diciendo hola y adiós Hola Hola (informal) ¡Buenos días! 35

Good afternoon (used between noon and 6pm) Good evening (used after 6pm) Good night (only said when going to bed) Bye Good bye Good night see you! see you later! See you on Sunday! have a nice day! have a good weekend!

Buena sobremesa Buenas tardes Buenas noches Adiós Adiós Buenas noches ¡Nos vemos! ¡Hasta luego! Nos vemos el domingo! Que tengas un buen día! Buen fin de semana!

Llamar la atención de alguien y disculpas Disculpe

Making yourself understood Can you speak English? I don't speak English I speak a little English please speak more slowly

Hacerte entender ¿Hablas inglés? No hablo inglés Hablo poco inglés Por favor, habla más despacio

Lo siento No hay problema De acuerdo No te preocupes

Could you please repeat that? please write it down I understand I don't understand

¿Podrías repetirlo, por favor? Por favor, escríbelo debajo Lo entiendo No lo entiendo

Things you might see Entrance Exit Emergency exit Push Pull Out of order No smoking

Cosas que deberías ver Entrada Salida Salida de emergencia Empujar Tirar Fuera de servicio No fumar

Talking on the Phone What’s your telephone number? My telephone number is… Hello This is Ms. Laura. I would like to talk to Mr. Popescu.

Hablando por teléfono ¿Cual es tu número de teléfono? Mi número de teléfono es… Hola Esta es la señorita Laura Me gustaría hablar con el Señor Popescu

Numbers one two three four five six seven

Números uno Dos Tres Cuatro Cinco Seis Siete 37

eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty-one thirty forty fifty one hundred one thousand

Ocho Nueve Diez Once Doce Trece Catorce Quince Dieciséis Diecisiete Dieciocho Diecinueve Veinte Veintiuno Treinta Cuarenta Cincuenta Cien Mil

Ordinal numbers first second third tenth

Números ordinales Primero Segundo Tercero Décimo

Other useful words about over under or less than

Otras palabras usuales Sobre Sobre Por debajo o menos que

Colours white yellow orange red green blue black silver gold

Colores Blanco Amarillo Naranja Rojo Verde Azul Negro Plata Oro

Days of the week what day is it? Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Días de la semana ¿Qué día es? Lunes Martes Miércoles Jueve Viernes Sábado Domingo

Months January February March April May June July August September October

Meses Enero Febrero Marzo Abril Mayo Junio Julio Agosto Septiembre Octubre 39

November December

Noviembre Diciembre

Seasons Spring Summer Autumn Winter

Estaciones Primavera Verano Otoño Invierno

Countries and nationalities Where are you from? What’s your nationality?

Países y nacionalidades ¿De dónde eres? ¿Cual es tu nacionalidad?

País

Adjective

Nationality

Inhabitant

Letonia

Letón

Letona

Letón

Italia

Italiano

Italiana

Italiano

España

Español

Española

Español

Bulgaria

Búlgaro

Búlgara

Búlgaro

República Checa

Checos

Checa

Checo

Polonia

Polaco

Polaca

Polaco

Rumanía

Rumano

Rumana

Rumano

Turquía

Turco

Turca

Turco

At a restaurant Waiter Chef Cook

En un restaurante Camarero Chef Cocinar 40

booking breakfast lunch dinner menu

Reserva Desayuno Almuerzo Cena menú

Hotels and accommodation single room double room to book luggage key room service receptionist room number check-in check-out to pay the bill

Hoteles y acondicionamientos Habitación individual Habitación doble Reservar Equipaje Llave Servicio de habitaciones recepcionista Habitación número Entrada Salida Pagar la factura

Travelling by air flight boarding card arrivals departures gate passport connecting flight to take off to land

Viajar por aire Vuelo Tarjeta de embarque Llegadas Salidas Puerta de embarque Pasaporte Conexión de vuelo Despegar Aterrizar

Education student grade teacher subject secondary school computer room to study exam results

Educaci贸n Estudiante Grado Profesor Tema Escuela de Secundaria Sala de ordenadores Estudiar Resultado de los examenes

Green Dictionary First Part: Basic English Phrases – Latvia

Basic English phrases yes no maybe please

Pamata frāzes jā nē varbūt lūdzu

thanks thank you thank you very much you're welcome not at all How are you? I’m fine, thanks I’m happy I’m tired I’m hungry I’m sad What's your name?

paldies paldies liels paldies laipni lūdzu; nav par ko nav par ko Kā Jums (Tev) klājas? Paldies, labi. Es esmu laimīgs (laimīga). Es esmu noguris (nogurusi). Es esmu izsalcis (izsalkusi). Es esmu bēdīgs (bēdīga). Kā Tevi (Jūs) sauc? 43

Saying hello and good bye Hello hi (quite informal) Good morning! Good afternoon (used between noon and 6pm) Good evening (used after 6pm)

Mani sauc Gabriela. Priecājos iepazīties. Cik Tev (Jums) gadu? Man ir 15. Es esmu 15 gadus vecs. Vai Tev (Jums) ir brāļi? Jā, ir. Nē, nav. Kur Tu dzīvo? Es dzīvoju … Es esmu … ... laimīgs …noguris Kur ir … vannasistaba? viesnīca? Cik ir pulkstenis? Pulkstenis ir 4 pēcpusdienā. Pulkstenis ir pus pieci. Pulkstenis ir ceturksnis pāri četriem. Pulkstenis ir bez ceturkšņa četri. Sasveicināšanās Sveiki! Čau! Labrīt! Labdien! Labvakar!

Good night (only said when going to bed) Bye Good bye Good night see you! see you later! See you on Sunday! have a nice day! have a good weekend!

Ar labunakti!

Legūt kādu uzmanību un atvainojoties Atvainojiet!

Atā! Uz redzēšanos. Ar labunakti! Atā! Tiekamies vēlāk! Tiekamies svētdien! Lai jauka diena! Lai jauka nedēļas nogale!

Piedodiet! Nav problēmu! Nekas. Viss kārtībā. Neuztraucies (neuztraucieties) par to

Making yourself understood Can you speak English?

Padarot sevi saprotams Vai tu (Jūs) runā (runājiet) angliski? Es nerunāju angliski. Es nedaudz runāju angliski. Lūdzu, runā (runājiet) lēnāk. Vai Tu (Jūs) varētu to atkārtot?

I don't speak English I speak a little English please speak more slowly Could you please repeat that?

please write it down I understand I don't understand

Lūdzu, uzrakstiet to. Es saprotu. Es nesaprotu.

Things you might see Entrance Exit Emergency exit Push Pull Out of order No smoking

Izkārtnes, uzraksti. ieeja izeja rezerves izeja grūst; spiest vilkt nedarbojas nesmēķēt

Talking on the Phone What’s your telephone number? My telephone number is… Hello This is Ms. Laura. I would like to talk to Mr. Popescu.

Sarunājoties pa telefonu Kāds ir Tavs (Jūsu) telephone numurs? Mans telefona numurs ir … Sveiki! Šī ir Laura. Es vēlētos runāt ar Popescu kungu.

Numbers one two three four five six seven eight nine

Skaitļi viens divi trīs četri pieci seši septiņi astoņi deviņi 46

ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty-one thirty forty fifty one hundred one thousand

desmit vienpadsmit divpadsmit trīspadsmit četrpadsmit piecpadsmit sešpadsmit septiņpadsmit astoņpadsmit deviņpadsmit divdesmit divdesmit viens trīsdesmit četrdesmit piecdesmit viens simts viens tūkstotis

Ordinal numbers first second third tenth

Kārtas skaitļa vārdi pirmais otrais trešais desmitais

Other useful words about over under or less than

citi noderīgi vārdi apmēram pāri mazāk nekā

Colours white yellow

krāsas balta dzeltena 47

orange red green blue black silver gold

oranža sarkana zaļa zila melna sudraba zelta

Days of the week what day is it? Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Nedēļas dienas. Kas šodien par dienu? pirmdiena otrdiena trešdiena ceturtdiena piektdiena sestdiena svētdiena

Months January February March April May June July August September October November December

mēneši janvāris februāris marts aprīlis maijs jūnijs jūlijs augusts septembris oktobris novembris decembris

Seasons Spring Summer Autumn Winter

gadalaiki pavasaris vasara rudens ziema Valstis un tautības No kurienes Jūs esat atbraucis? Kāda ir Tava (Jūsu) tautība?

Countries and nationalities Where are you from? What’s your nationality?

Country valsts Latvia Latvija

Italy - Itālija

Adjective – Nationality īpašības vārds tautība Latvian latviešu

Latvian – latvietis (for a man); latviete (for a woman)

Inhabitant iedzīvotājs Latvian latvietis

Italian - itāļu Italian – itālis; Italian - itālis itāliete

Spain Spānija

Spanish spāņu

Spanish – spānis; spāniete

Spaniard spānis

Bulgaria Bulgārija

Bulgarian bulgāru

Bulgarian – bulgārs; bulgāriete

Bulgarian bulgārs

Czech Republic Čehija

Czech - čehu Czech – čehs, čehiete

Czech - čehs

Poland -

Polish - poļu Polish – polis;

Pole - polis

Polija

poliete

Romania Rumānija

Romanian rumāņu

Romanian – rumānis, rumāniete

Romanian rumānis

Turkey Turcija

Turkish turku

Turkish – turks, turciete

Turk - turks

At a restaurant Waiter Chef Cook booking breakfast lunch dinner menu

Restorānā oficiants šefpavārs pavārs rezervēšana brokastis pusdienas vakariņas ēdienkarte Viesnīcas un naktsmītnes vienvietīgs numurs divvietīgs numurs (ar divguļamo gultu) rezervēt bagāža atslēga apkalpošana numurā reģistrators istabas numurs reģistrācija izrakstīšanās samaksāt rēķinu

Hotels and accommodation single room double room to book luggage key room service receptionist room number check-in check-out to pay the bill

Travelling by air flight boarding card arrivals departures gate passport connecting flight to take off to land

Ceļojot ar lidmašīnu lidojums iekāpšanas talons ierašanās izlidošana vārti pase pārsēšanās reiss pacelties nolaisties

Education student grade teacher subject secondary school computer room to study exam results

Izglītība students klase skolotājs mācību priekšmets vidusskola datorklase mācīties eksāmena rezultāti

Green Dictionary First Part: Basic English Phrases – Bulgaria

Основни фрази да не може би моля благодаря благодаря ти/Ви много ти/Ви благодаря няма за какво изобщо Как си?/Как сте? Добре съм, благодаря Щастлив съм Уморен съм Гладен съм Тъжен съм Как се казваш?/Как се 52

казвате? Моето име е Габриела. Приятно ми е да се запознаем На колко години си/сте? Аз съм на 15 години. Имаш ли братя? Да, имам. Не, нямам. Къде живееш? Аз живея в ... Аз съм... ...щастлив ...уморен Къде е... ...банята ...хотела колко е часа? 16:00 часа е. часа е 16:30 часа е 16:15 часа е 15:45 Казвайки здравей и довиждане Здравей/Здравейте! Здравей (доста неформално) Добро утро! Добър ден Добър вечер

Good night (only said when going to bed) Bye Good bye Good night see you! see you later! See you on Sunday! have a nice day! have a good weekend! Getting someone's attention and apologising excuse me (can be used to get someone's attention, to get past someone, or to apologise) sorry , I'm sorry no problem it's OK or that's OK don't worry about it Making yourself understood Can you speak English?

I don't speak English I speak a little English please speak more slowly Could you please repeat that?

Лека нощ Чао Довиждане Лека нощ Чао! До после! До неделя! приятен ден! приятна почивка! Получаване на внимание и извинение извинете

извинете, съжалявам няма проблем това е добре не се тревожи за това Разбиране Можеш/можете ли да говориш/говорите английски? Аз не говоря английски Аз говоря малко английски моля, говорете по-бавно Бихте ли повторили?

please write it down I understand I don't understand

моля, запишете! Разбирам Не разбирам Неща, който може да видите Вход Изход Авариен изход Бутни Дръпни Повреден Пушенето забранено

Говорене по телефона Как е телефонният ти/Ви номер? Телефонният ми номер е... Здравей Г-ца Лаура е на телефона. Бих искал да говоря с господин .

Numbers one two three four five six seven eight

Номера едно две три четири пет шест седем осем 55

nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty-one thirty forty fifty one hundred one thousand

девет десет единадесет дванадесет тринадесет четиринадесет петнадесет шестнадесет седемнадесет осемнадесет деветнадесет двадесет двадесет и еднo тридесет четиридесет петдесет сто хиляда Редни числа първи втори трети десети

Ordinal numbers first second third tenth Other useful words about over under or less than Colours white

Други полезни думи за/относно, около над под или по малко от Цветове бяло 56

yellow orange red green blue black silver gold

жълто оранжево червено зелено синьо черно сребърен златен

Days of the week what day is it? Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Дните от седмицата какъв ден е? Понеделник Вторник Сряда Четвъртък Петък Събота Неделя

Months January February March April May June July August September October November December

Месеци Януари Февруари Март Април Май Юни Юли Август Септември Октомври Ноември Декември 57

Сезони Пролет Лято Есен Зима

Seasons Spring Summer Autumn Winter

Страни и националности

Countries and nationalities Where are you from? What’s your nationality?

От къде си? Каква е твоята националност?

CountryAdjectiveДържава Прилагателно име Latvia-Латвия Latvian Italy-Италия Italian Spain-Испания Spanish BulgariaBulgarian България Czech Czech RepublicЧехия Poland-Полша Polish RomaniaRomanian Румъния Turkey-Турция Turkish

At a restaurant Waiter Chef Cook booking breakfast

NationalityНационалност Latvian Italian Spanish Bulgarian

Inhabitant-Жител

Czech

Polish Romanian

Pole Romanian

Turkish

Turk

В ресторанта Сервитьор Главен готвач Готвя резервация закуска 58

Latvian Italian Spaniard Bulgarian

lunch dinner menu

обяд вечеря меню Хотели и настаняване единична стая двойна стая поръчвам багаж ключ рум сървис рецепционист номер на стая настаняване напускане плащам сметката

Пътуване със самолет Полет бордова карта пристигане заминаване изход паспорт полет с прекачване излитам кацам

Education student grade teacher

Образование студент клас учител 59

subject secondary school computer room to study exam results

предмет средно училище компютърна зала уча резултати от изпита

Green Dictionary First Part: Basic English Phrases – Czech Republic

Základní fráze ano ne možná prosím děkuji děkuji mockrát děkuji není zač není zač Jak se máš? Jsem v pohodě, díky Jsem rád. Jsem unavený Já jsem hlad Jsem smutný Jak se jmenuješ? Jmenuji se Gabriela. 61

Těší mne, že tě poznávám. Kolik je vám let? Jsem 15-ti let. Máte nějaké bratry? Ano, mám. Ne, nemám. Kde bydlíš? Bydlím v ... Já jsem… šťastný unavený Kde je … koupelna? hotel? co je čas? Je to šestnáct hodin Je to půl 4. Je čtvrt na čtyři. Je tři čtvrtě na čtyři

Saying hello and good bye Hello hi (quite informal) Good morning! Good afternoon (used between noon and 6pm) Good evening (used after 6pm) Good night (only said when going to bed) Bye Good bye

Pozdravy Ahoj Ahoj Dobré ráno! Dobré odpoledne Dobrý večer Dobrou noc Ahoj Ahoj. Na shledanou. 62

Good night see you! see you later! See you on Sunday! have a nice day! have a good weekend!

Dobrou noc. Na viděnou! Uvidíme se později! Uvidíme se v neděli! Přeji pěkný den! Přeji pěkný víkend!

Getting someone's attention and apologising excuse me (can be used to get someone's attention, to get past someone, or to apologise) sorry , I'm sorry no problem it's OK or that's OK don't worry about it Making yourself understood Can you speak English? I don't speak English I speak a little English please speak more slowly Could you please repeat that? please write it down I understand I don't understand

Omluvy Promiňte Promiň (te) Žádný problem. To je v pořádku. Nedělej si s tím starosti. Porozumění Umíš mluvit anglicky? Nemluvím anglicky. Mluvím jen trochu anglicky. Mluv(te) prosím pomaleji. Mohl bys(te) mi to zopakovat? Zapište si prosím Rozumím. Nerozumím. Věci, které můžete vidět Vstup Východ

Things you might see Entrance Exit 63

Emergency exit Push Pull Out of order No smoking Talking on the Phone What’s your telephone number? My telephone number is… Hello This is Ms. Laura. I would like to talk to Mr. Popescu. Numbers one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen

Nouzový východ Tlačit Táhnout Mimo provoz Zákaz kouření Telefonování Jaká je vaše telefonní číslo? Moje telefonní číslo je ..... Ahoj To jsem já, Laura. Rád bych mluvil s panem Popescu. Čísla jedna dvě tři čtyři pět šest sedm osm devět deset jedenáct dvanáct třináct čtrnáct patnáct šestnáct 64

seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty-one thirty forty fifty one hundred one thousand

sedmnáct osmnáct devatenáct dvacet dvacet jedna třicet čtyřicet padesát sto tisíc

Ordinal numbers first second third tenth

Řadové číslovky první druhý třetí desátý

Other useful words about over under or less than

Další slova o , asi přes méně než

Colours white yellow orange red green blue black silver gold

Barvy bílá žlutá oranžová červená zelená modrá černá stříbrná zlatá 65

Days of the week

Dny v týdnu

what day is it? Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Jaký je dnes den? Pondělí Úterý Středa Čtvrtek Pátek Sobota Neděle

Months January February March April May June July August September October November December

Měsíce Leden Únor Březen Duben Květen Červen Čevenec Srpen Září Říjen Listopad Prosinec

Seasons Spring Summer Autumn Winter

Roční období Jaro Léto Podzim Zima

Země a národnosti Odkud jsi? Jaká je tvá národnost?

Countries and nationalities Where are you from? What’s your nationality? Country

Adjective

Nationality

Inhabitant

Latvia Lotyšsko

LatvianLotyšský

Latvian Lotyš

Italy - Itálie

ItalianItalský

Italian - Ital

Spain Španělsko

SpanishŠpanělský

Spanish Španěl

Spaniard Španěl

Bulgaria Bulharsko

BulgarianBulharský

Bulgarian Bulhar

Czech Republic – Česká republika

CzechČeský

Czech- Čech

Czech - Čech

Poland - Polsko

PolishPolský

Polish- Polák

Pole - Polák

Romania Rumunsko

RomanianRumunský

Romanian Rumun

Turkey Turecko

TurkishTurecký

TurkishTurek

Turk - Turek

At a restaurant Waiter Chef Cook booking breakfast

V restauraci číšník šéfkuchař kuchař rezervace snídaně 67

oběd večeře jídelní lístek

lunch dinner menu Hotels and accommodation single room double room to book luggage key room service receptionist room number check-in check-out to pay the bill

Hotely a ubytování jednolůžkový pokoj dvoulůžkový pokoj rezervovat zavazadlö klíč úklidová služba recepce číslo pokoje registrace ,přihlášení , odbavení odhlášení zaplatit účet

Travelling by air flight boarding card arrivals departures gate passport connecting flight to take off to land

letecká doprava let letenka přílety, příjezdy odlety, odjezdy brána pas, cestovní doklad navazující let, další let vzlétnout přistát

Education student grade

Vzdělání student ročník 68

učitel předmět základní škola, střední škola počítačová učebna studovat výsledky zkoušky

teacher subject secondary school computer room to study exam results

Green Dictionary First Part: Basic English Phrases – Italy

Frasi di base Sì No forse Si prega di grazie grazie grazie molto sei il benvenuto niente Come stai? Sto bene, grazie Sono felice Sono stanco Ho fame Sono triste Qual è il tuo nome? Il mio nome è Gabriela. Piacere di conoscerti 70

Quanti anni hai? Sono 15 anni. Hai qualche fratelli? Sì, ho. No, non l'ho fatto. Dove vivi? Io vivo in ... Io sono ... ... felice ... stanco Dove si trova il .......... ... il bagno? ... l'hotel? che cosa è il tempo? E '4:00 E 'mezza 4. E 'un quarto 4.: E 'un quarto a 4 Dire ciao e arrivederci: Ciao Hi (molto informale) Buongiorno! Buon pomeriggio (usato tra mezzogiorno e le 18:00) Buona sera (usato dopo 18:00): Buona notte (solo detto quando andare a letto) ciao arrivederci Buona notte 71

see you! see you later! See you on Sunday! have a nice day! have a good weekend!

vederti! vediamo più tardi! Ci vediamo la Domenica! Avere una bella giornata! Avere un buon fine settimana!

Richiamare l’attenzione di qualcuno e scusarsi Mi scusi (può essere usato per richiamare l’attenzione di qualcuno, per oltrepassare qualcuno, o per scusarsi) Mi dispiace Non c’è problema Va bene Non ti preoccupare

Making yourself understood Can you speak English? I don't speak English I speak a little English please speak more slowly

Farsi capire

Could you please repeat that? please write it down I understand I don't understand

Sai parlare inglese Io non parlo inglese Parlo un pò inglese Per piacere parla più lentamente Per piacere puoi ripetere Per piacere scrivilo Capisco Non capisco

Things you might see Entrance Exit

Cose che potresti vedere Entrata Uscita 72

Emergency exit Push Pull Out of order No smoking

Uscita di emergenza Spingere Tirare Fuori servizio Vietato fumare

Talking on the Phone What’s your telephone number? My telephone number is… Hello This is Ms. Laura. I would like to talk to Mr. Popescu.

Parlare al telefono Qual è il tuo numero di telefono? Il mio numero di telefono è ... Pronto Laura.Sono la sig. Laura Vorrei parlare con il sig Popescu

Numbers one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen

Numeri Uno Due Tre Quattro Cinque Sei Sette Otto Nove Dieci Undici Dodici Tredici Quattordici Quindici Sedici 73

seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty-one thirty forty fifty one hundred one thousand

Diciasette Diociotto Dicianove Venti Ventuno Trenta Quaranta Cinquanta Cento Mille

Ordinal numbers first second third tenth

Numeri ordinali Primo Secondo Terzo decimo

Other useful words about over under or less than

Altre parole utili Circa Sopra Sotto o meno di

Colours white yellow orange red green blue black silver gold

Colori Bianco Giallo Arancione Rosso Verde Blu Nero Argento Oro 74

Days of the week what day is it? Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Giorni della settimana Che giorno è oggi? Lunedì Martedì Mercoledì Giovedì Venerdì Sabato Domenica

Months January February March April May June July August September October November December

Mesi Gennaio Febbraio Marzo Aprile Maggio Giugno Luglio Agosto Settembre Ottobre Novembre Dicembre

Seasons Spring Summer Autumn Winter

Stagioni Primavera Estate Autunno Inverno

Countries and nationalities Where are you from? What’s your nationality? Country/ Nazione Latvia/Latvia Italy/Italia

Nazioni e nazionalità Da dove vieni? Di che nazionalità sei?

Adjective/ Nationality Aggettivo / Nazionalità Latvian/ Latviano

Inhabitant/ Abitante

Latvian/ Latviano/a

Italian/Italia Italian/ no Italiano/a

Latvian/ Latviano/a Italian/Italiano/a

Spain/Spagna

Spanish/ Spagnolo

Bulgaria/ Bulgaria

Bulgarian/ Bulgaro

Bulgarian/ Bulgarian/Bulga Bulgaro/a ro/a

Czech Czech/Ceco Czech/Cec Republic/Repubb o/a lica Ceca Poland/ Polonia Romania/ Romania Turkey/ Turchia At a restaurant Waiter Chef

Polish/ Polacco

Spaniard/?

Czech/Ceco/a

Polish/ Polacco/a

Pole/ Polacco/a

Romanian/ Romanian/ Rumeno Rumeno/a

Romanian/ Rumeno/a

Turkish/ Turco

Turkish/ Turco/a Al ristorante Cameriere capocuoco 76

Turk/Turco/a

Cook booking breakfast lunch dinner menu

cuoco Prenotazione Colazione Pranzo Cena Menu

Albergo e sistemazione Stanza singola Camera doppia Prenotare Bagaglio Chiave Servizio in camera Addetto alla ricezione Numero della camera check-in check-out Pagare il conto Viaggiare in aereo Volo Carta dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;imbarco Arrivo Partenze Gate Passaporto Coincidenza Decollare Atterrare

Education student grade teacher subject secondary school computer room to study exam results

Educazione Studente Anno scolastico Insegnante Materia Scuola secondaria Sala computer Studiare Risultati degli esami

Green Dictionary Second Part for Students: Turkey Yeşil Sözlük – Öğrenciler

14 15

İngilizce kirlilik ve ekoloji hakkında kelimeler ve deyimler accumulation air pollution biodegradation biodiversity biogas climate control consequence domestic water drinking water ecological tolerance environmental quality environmental protection environmental impact fauna

flora

17 18 19

gathering global warming hygiene of settlements industrial water

No:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Anadilde kirlilik ve ekoloji hakkında kelimeler ve deyimler Birikim Hava kirliliği Biyolojik bozunma Biyoçeşitlilik Biyogaz İklim Kontrol Sonuç,önem Evsel su İçilebilir su Ekolojik hoşgörü Çevresel eşitlik Çevresel koruma

Çevresel etki Belli bir bölgede yaşayan hayvanların tümü Belli bir bölgede yaşayan bitkilerin tümü Biriktirme Küresel Isınma the Yerleşim yerinin temizliği Sanayide kullanılan su 79

21 22 23 24 25

26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

Çöplerin depolandığı geniş alan landslide Heyelan nature conservation Doğa koruma noise pollution Gürültü Kirliği norm of the Çevre Koruma normu environmental protection noxa Zarar ( latince) noxiousness Sağlığa zarar veren pack Paketlemek pollutant Kirletici Madde pollution Kirlilik polluted area Kirli Alan purification Arıtma quality of life Yaşam Kalitesi reconditioning Yenileme recycling Geri dönüşüm reuse Yeniden Kullanma revaluation Yeniden Değer Belirleme sanitation Sağlık Önlemleri soil pollution Toprak Kirliliği spill Akıtmak smoke Duman waste management Atık yönetimi wastewater Atıksu water cycle Su döngüsü water pollution Su kirliliği landfill

Green Dictionary Second Part for Students: Poland Nr. crt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Words and phrases about pollution and ecology in English accumulation air pollution biodegradation biodiversity biogas climate control consequence domestic water drinking water ecological tolerance environmental quality environmental protection environmental impact fauna flora gathering global warming hygiene of the settlements industrial water landfill landslide nature conservation noise pollution norm of the 81

Words and phrases about pollution and ecology in Polish nagromadzenie się zanieczyszczenie powietrza biodegradacja różnorodność ekologiczna biogas kilmat kontrola konsekwencja woda domowa woda pitna tolerancja ekologiczna jakość środowiska ochrona środowiska wpływ na środowisko fauna flora nagromadzenie, zebranie globalne ocieplenie higiena obszarów zamieszkałych woda przemysłowa składowisko odpadów obsunięcie się gruntu ochrona natury hałas normy ochorny środowiska

26 27 28 29

environmental protection noxa noxiousness pack pollutant

30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38

pollution polluted area purification quality of life reconditioning recycling reuse revaluation sanitation

39 40 41 42 43 44 45

soil pollution spill smoke waste management wastewater water cycle water pollution

czynnik szkodliwy szkodliwość opakowanie substancja zanieczyszczająca zanieczyszczenie obszar zanieczyszony oczyszczanie jakość życia regeneracja recycling powtórne wykorzystanie rewaloryzacja urządzenie sanitarne, kanalizacja zanieczyszczenie gleby wyciek dym zarządzanie śmieciami ścieki obieg wody zanieczyszczenie wody

Green Dictionary Second Part for Students: Romania Nr. crt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Cuvinte și expresii despre poluare și ecologie în românește acumulare poluarea aerului biodegradare biodiversitate biogaz climă combatere consecinţă (urmare) apă menajeră apă potabilă toleranţă ecologică calitatea mediului protecţia mediului

impact asupra mediului faună floră colectare încălzire globală igiena aşezărilor apă industrială rampa de deşeuri alunecare de teren conservarea naturii poluarea fonică normă de protecţie 83

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environmental protection noxa noxiousness pack pollutant pollution polluted area purification quality of life reconditioning recycling reuse revaluation sanitation soil pollution spill smoke waste management wastewater water cycle water pollution

mediului noxă nocivitate ambalaj poluant poluare zonă poluată epurare calitatea vieţii recondiţionare reciclare reutilizare valorificare salubritate poluarea solului deversare fum managementul deşeurilor apă reziduală circuitul apei în natură poluarea apei

Green Dictionary Second Part for Students: Spain Nr. crt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Palabras sobre Polución y Ecología en Español Acumulación Polución del aire Biodegradación Biodiversidad Biogas Clima Control Consecuencia Agua corriente Agua potable Tolerancia ecológica Calidad medioambiental Protección medioambiental Impacto medioambiental Fauna Flora Reunion Calentamiento global Higiene de asentamientos Agua industrial Vertedero Corrimiento de tierra Conservación natural Polución del ruido Noma de la protección 85

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medioambiental Nocivo Nocividad paquete Contaminante Contaminaci贸n Area contaminada Purificaci贸n Calidad de vida Reacondicionamiento Reciclaje Reusar Revaluar Sanidad Contaminaci贸 del suelo Vertifo Humo Gasto de mantenimiento Aguas residuales Ciclo del agua Contaminaci贸n del agua

Green Dictionary Second Part for Students: Latvia Nr. crt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Words and phrases about pollution and ecology in Latvian uzkrāšana Gaisa piesārņojums biodegradācija Bioloģiskā daudzveidība biogāze klimats kontrole sekas mājas ūdens Dzeramais ūdens Ekoloģiskā tolerance Vides kvalitāte Vides aizsardzība Vides ietekme fauna flora vākšana Globālā sasilšana higiēnu norēķinos Rūpnieciskie ūdeņi poligons nogruvums Dabas aizsardzība Trokšņa piesārņojums Vides aizsardzības normas 87

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noxa kaitīgums komplekts piesārņotājs Piesārņojums Piesārņota teritorija attīrīšana Dzīves kvalitāte atjaunošana Otrreizējā pārstrāde Atkārtota izmantošana pārvērtēšana Sanitārie apstākļi Augsnes piesārņojums noplūde dūmi Atkritumu apsaimniekošana notekūdeņi Ūdens aprites cikls Ūdens piesārņojums

Green Dictionary Second Part for Students: Bulgaria Nr. crt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Words and phrases about pollution and ecology in Bulgarian натрупване замърсяване на въздуха биохимическо разлагане биоразнообразие биогаз климат контрол последствие Битова вода питейна вода екологична толерантност качество на околната среда опазване на околната среда въздействие на околната среда фауна флора увеличаване/събиране глобално затопляне хигиена в населените места индустриални води сметище свлачище 89

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nature conservation noise pollution norm of the environmental protection noxa noxiousness pack pollutant pollution polluted area purification quality of life reconditioning

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recycling reuse revaluation sanitation soil pollution spill smoke waste management wastewater water cycle water pollution

опазване на природата звуково замърсяване норма за опазване на околната среда нoксa вреда участък в морето, покрит с пак замърсител замърсяване замърсен район пречистване/обеззарязаване качество на живота предварителна обработка, подготовка на метал рециклиране използвам повторно покачване на стойността хигиенизиране/канализация замърсяване на почвата разливам(се) дим/пушек управление на отпадъците отпадъчни води воден цикъл замърсяване на водата

Green Dictionary Second Part for Students: Czech Republic Nr. crt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Words and phrases about pollution and ecology in Czech akumulace znečištění vzduchu biodegradace biodiversita bioplyn klima kontrola následek domácí voda pitná voda ekologická tolerance kvalita životního prostředí ochrana životního prostředí dopad na životní prostředí živočišstvo rostlinstvo sběr globální oteplování hygiena osad průmyslová voda skládky sesuv půdy uchovávání přírody hluková zátěž úroveň environmentální 91

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ochrany noxa škodlivosr balík, zabalit znečišťující znečištění znečištěná oblast čištění kvalita života rekondiční recyklace znovuužití přecenění kanalizace znečištění půdy rozlít kouř nakládání s odpady odpadní voda cyklus vody znečištění vody

Green Dictionary Second Part for Students: Italy Nr. crt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Words and phrases about pollution and ecology in Italian accumulo inquinamento atmosferico biodegradazione biodiverstĂ biogas clima controllo conseguenza acqua per uso domestico acqua potabile tolleranza ecologica qualitĂ dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ambiente protezione ambientale impatto ambientale fauna flora raccolta riscaldamento globale igiene degli insediamenti Acqua per uso industriale discarica frana conservazione della natura inquinamento acustico norma della tutela 93

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ambientale noxa Privo di noxa imballagio inquinante inquinamento aria inquinata purificazione qualità della vita ricondizionamento riciclare riusare rivalutazione sanità inquinamento del suolo versare fumo gestione dei rifiuti acqua reflue ciclo dell'acqua inquinamento dell’acque

Green Dictionary Second Part for Teachers: English Letter to mankind Nature is in danger! Dear Earth, our entire planet in distress, fire a warning: Nature is in danger! Every inhabitant of Earth should listen to this message to understand it and act to save the living and live according to nature.

If we destroy the forests, we will destroy the future of the planet. The effects of the massive deforestation affect all of us, whether you live in a city or at the edge of a former forest. We all contribute to this destruction!

A person consumes annually 35 cubic meters 95

of wood converted into 320 kg of paper (newspapers, magazines, packaging ...). Note! Of 10 kg of paper you buy a tree.

Many animals that live in forests are forced to flee and find new favorite places!

We have to make people aware of the danger that threatens the Earth!

Earthlings - Enemies of Earth? The man is an inseparable part of nature and, together with environmental factors, forms a whole, a real system that is in balance. This balance becomes increasingly fragile, as the modern world tends to break the harmony of nature. Overcrowding, industrial development, agriculture and means of transportation have led to life-changing condition of plants and animals from the wild, the disappearance of species, environmental pollution, the dirt streets and parks to disturbance. 96

Once upon a time ... So we say soon about: Cherry blossom from green day in March.

Short nights of summer with rains fast

Leaf rust worn by the gentle wind of autumn

Snow that burdens tree branches

Will we expect that all these to become stories or we will do something, however little, that we will have part of summer, winter, autumn and spring?

ABIOTIC FACTORS, environmental factors lifeless; ACCLIMATIZATION - complex physiological process due to which a species (population) is to conduct normal living in different climatic conditions from those in which the species that is adapted; ADAPTATION - character expression quantitative change under the influence of ecological factors; AEROBE-body, to live, needs free molecular oxygen (from air or dissolved in water); AIR POLLUTION - air containing pollutants in concentrations that cause harm or cause discomfort. It is found in large cities. Because of this, the entire human environment is changed, as that city the population lives; AGGRESSIVENESS POLLUTANTS - term used in ecology to describe the action of a pollutant or pollutants complex in certain environmental conditions produce excessive harm bodies or property; ANAEROBIC-organism able to live freely in the absence of molecular oxygen; AREAL-occupied territory of one species; AQUIFER-canvas or underground water level. Aquifers can be polluted by infiltration from the surface soil or landfills. Groundwater pollution is a major environmental problem because ecological restoration is very expensive, requiring complex and long time steps. BIOCENOSIS - living component of an ecosystem representing a unitary and complex community of plants and animals. Among the creatures that make up a biocenosis, and between them and their living environment, (biotype), there are well established interaction relationships that ensure that the system functions; BIODEGRADATION - decomposition process elements, substances, objects or organic bodies of nature under the 99

action of living organisms and microorganisms especially bacteria and microscopic fungi group. BIODIVERSITY- The term biodiversity describes the full range of variability of living organisms in an ecological complex. Biodiversity includes ecosystem diversity and genetic diversity of a species in this ecosystem. Biodiversity is variability in terrestrial organisms, marine, continental and aquatic ecological complexes, this includes intraspecific and interspecific diversity, and ecosystems diversity. BIOTIC FACTORS-living things or their byproducts in a particular habitat; BIOSPHERE - all ecosystems and living beings in the geosphere that containing life; BIOSPHERE RESERVES, protected areas that preserve completeness, functionality and other natural qualities of ecosystems, which by their existence continues to contribute to the regeneration of the fundamental resources of the biosphere; BIOTOPE-all abiotic factors present in a living space that ensures the existence of a community of creatures; BLACK TIDE - accidentally arrived oil film on the water surface and ocean marine, floating in a shorter or longer, until it airs in the seaside; CONIFEROUS FORESTS, boreal forest sometimes called) is the predominant vegetation zone arboreal vegetation (trees and shrubs) and gymnosperms (trees, pines). It is widespread in subarctic areas, temperate and subtropical. CONTAMINATED AIR - air containing pollutants particularly dangerous (radioactive, toxic gases, microorganisms pathogenic etc.) for the development of life. It is present especially in urban and industrial agglomerations. It is characterized by high concentrations of pollutants that cause adverse effects on living creatures; 100

CYCLE biogeochemical-circulation a chemical in the environment in living organisms and of these again, in the environment; DEFORESTATION - complete removal of forests on a surface. Irrational deforestation lead to large imbalances in nature by changing rain fall regime, the movement of air currents through degradation and soil erosion, the occurrence of floods. DENDROLOGY - the branch of botany that deals with the study of woody plants (trees and shrubs). On data from this research builds structures of natural ecosystems (forests) and the human (parks, gardens); DETECTION OF POLLUTANTS - identification process environment, using special equipment, the presence of pollutants and harmful radiation and determining their concentration in different environments; DETERGENT - organic chemicals used in cleaning various materials. Is one of the important water pollutants in nature; ECOLOGICAL AGE-age of the populations in an ecosystem by reproduction; ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS - all morphological or physiological characteristics of an organism, population or biocenosis correlated with environmental factors as they develop; Natural disasters - natural phenomenon of short-acting but powerful destructive components of the biosphere (earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, typhoons); ECOLOGICAL FACTORS - all abiotic factors (temperature, light, precipitation, pressure, etc..) and biotic (Parasites, pests and so on) with which an organism comes into contact with each other is interrelated;

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ECOLOGY - synthetic biological science studying the excellent connections that occur between organisms and their environment, composed of all environmental factors (abiotic and biotic) and structure, productivity, function and biological systems. The term was created in 1866 by German zoologist Ernst Haeckel; ECOSPHERE - a generic term that encompasses the living world and all land areas that are home to creatures (atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere upper); ECOSYSTEM - large or small fragment of the biosphere consists of a living component, represented by plants and animals (biocenosis) and one inanimate (biotype), forming an integrated, permanently interaction. The term was created by English botanist A. Tans in 1935. All ecosystems on the planet, forming the biosphere; ECOSYSTEM STABILITY-state ecosystem that changes one periode biocoenosis not suffer long time; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION - the process of altering the physical, chemical and biological environment as a result of direct or indirect influence of natural and anthropogenic ecological factors. Has the effect of improper use of environmental conditions of life change natural ecosystems, human disturbance in this activity, emerging diseases, etc.. May be caused by volcanic eruptions, floods, cyclones, earthquakes, fires, erosion due to water and wind, pollutants, misuse, deforestation, hunting and fishing irrational, nuclear experiments, wars, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION - all actions taken by humans to preserve ecological balance, maintaining and improving the quality of natural factors, the development of the material and spiritual living conditions ensuring current and future generations. Human action on the biosphere has resulted in large regions of the globe extensive damage to 102

ecosystems, the depletion of soil and freshwater resources and disappearance of numerous plant and animal species. Environmental protection has now become urgent policy problem for all countries; HARDWOOD-dominated vegetation zone arboreal vegetation and angiosperms. It is present both in temperate zones and in the subtropical and tropical; HARMFUL - the ability of chemicals or physical effects (smoke, gas, dust, odors, noise, vibrations, etc..) Becoming harmful to humans and other creatures, when exceeding a certain limit of concentration, intensity respectively; MEDIUM - totality of physical, chemical, and biological weather in a given location, with a body comes into contact (temperature, humidity, soil, water, terrestrial magnetism, landscape, bodies etc.). NATURE PROTECTION - branch of applied ecology, with the main objective the preservation and conservation of natural populations typical of any particular region that forms perfect biological balance in preserving local. In this framework include problems creating natural reserves, where the landscape is strictly protected flora and fauna; NATURAL RESOURCES - all part of the natural environment, the soil, water, flora, fauna, mineral riches of the subsoil human populations; OZONE-gas blanket above the Earth with UV absorbing role; POLLUTANTS - produced solid, liquid or gaseous fuels derived from human activities and dispersed into the air, water or soil, acting harmful to living organisms, goods, works of art, landscape and so on; POLLUTANTS ACCUMULATING - a phenomenon of accumulation of pollutants in water, air, soil and living organisms by repeated intake of their time. Life in major

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media, pollutants from industrial activities, transportation, waste, and pesticides; POLLUTANT EMISSION, emission of solid, liquid or gaseous harmful animal and vegetable organisms, including man, from various sources, mostly industrial POLLUTED AREA - a place where there is a growing excessive pollutants (coming from one or more sources) concentration exceeding the legal limit or fixed by regulations. POLLUTED MIST CAPS - gas cluster characteristic form, containing polluting products, located above a certain area (city, village, industrial enterprise). POLLUTION - spoilage of biotic and abiotic environments of life and property created by humans, mainly caused by waste from human activities, whether of domestic, agricultural, industrial and so on, as well as due to natural phenomena; PHYTOPLANKTON-plant component of plankton in the upper layer of water; RECYCLING-separation, and collection and processing waste for use as feedstock in the manufacture of us; QUALITY OF LIFE - all natural and socio-cultural conditions (average purity of life, water, air, soil, landscape development level of human settlements and so on). Environmentally friendly, this concept must be integrated over time by ensuring permanence and perpetuation of the human species. RATE SEASONAL-related life alternating rhythm of seasons; SELF-REGULATING- regulating oneself or itself; ability to regulate ecosystem biocenosis composition to remain constant;

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SMOG-fog that forms over cities and industrial regions in the hot and humid environment of substances emitted; SMOKE - air pollutant formed by the combustion gases and unburned solid particles (soot, tar, ash etc.) Which is in the form of a cloud gray to black; Part of the biotope habitats occupied by an individual or a population; Food chain, all links established between different animals search and obtain the food. For example, food chain: caterpillarchicken-fox, or algae-fish-man; WASTE WATER - water from industrial processes and household activities, which include different elements or chemicals harmful pathogens (viruses, bacteria, insect eggs or larvae etc.). WATER TREATMENT - surgery for removal from natural waters or waste organic and inorganic materials dissolved or suspended, to bring them to a quality of purpose. It is performed by mechanical, chemical and biological wastewater treatment plants within.

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Green Dictionary Second Part for Teachers: Turkey Yeşil Sözlük İnsanlığa Mektup Doğamız tehlikede ! Sevgili Dünya, Bizim tüm gezegenimiz sıkıntı içinde, ateşler içinde uyarıyor: Doğa tehlikede ! Dünya’daki her insan bu mesajı anlamak,hayatı korumak için harekete geçmek ve doğaya göre yaşamak için bu mesajı dinlemelidir.

Eğer ormanlarımızı yok edersek,gezegenimizin geleceğini yok ederiz. Bu ağır ormansızlaşma ister şehirde yaşayalım ister orman kenarında hepimizi etkileyecek. Bu yok oluşta hepimizin katkısı var! Bir kişi 320 kg kağıttan dönüştürülmüş 65 m³ ağaç tüketiyor. 106

Not! 10 kg kağıdı israf etmeyin bir ağacı kurtarın. Ormanda yaşayan bir çok hayvan göçe ve yeni yaşam alanı bulmaya zorlanıyorlar.

Dünyamızı tehdit eden bu tehlikeye karşı insanları uyarmak zorundayız.

Dünyalılar-Dünya’mızın Düşmanı İnsanoğlu doğanın bir parçasıdır ve çevresel etmenlerle birlikte dengeyi oluşturan gerçek bir sistemi oluşturur. Bu denge modern dünyanın doğanın dengesini bozmaya eğimli olduğu için artarak kırılgan olmaya başlamıştır. Nüfus artışı, endüstriyel gelişme,tarım ve ulaşım araçları; bitkilerin ve hayvanların doğal yaşama şartlarının değişmesine,türlerinin azalmasına, caddelerin kirlenmesine ve parkların azalmasına yol açmaktadır.

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Bir zamanlar ... Şu şekilde söylerdik: Mart ayında kiraz ağaçları yeşillenir.

Yazın geceler kısa ve sağnak yağışlar görülür.

Yapraklar sonbaharın hafif rüzgarlarıyla sararır.

Kar, ağaç dallarında yükleniyordu.

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Biz bu tüm bunların bir hikaye olmasına göz mü yumacağız yoksa az da olsa baharın,yazın,ilkbaharı n ve kışın bir parçasına ait olmak için bir şeyler mi yapacağız?

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ABİYOTİK FAKTÖRLER, canlı varlıkların hayatlarını önemli derecede etkileyen iklim faktörleri, toprağın özellikleri, suyun kimyasal yapısı gibi faktörler.; IKLIMLENDIRME - Kapalı bir ortamın sıcaklık, nem, temizlik ve hava hareketini insan sağlık ve konforuna veya yapılan endüstriyel işleme en uygun seviyelerde tutmak üzere bu kapalı ortamdaki havanın şartlandırılmasıdır. ADAPTASYON - Bir canlının belli bir çevrede yaşama ve üreme şansını artıran kalıtsal özelliklerin tümü AEROB- Yaşayabilmesi ve üreyebilmesi için serbest oksijenin bulunduğu ortamlara gereksinim duyan organizma. (havadan ya da suda çözünmüş ); HAVA KIRLILIĞI - air containing pollutants in concentrations that cause harm or cause discomfort. It is found in large cities. Because of this, the entire human environment is changed, as that city the population lives; SALDIRGAN KİRLETİCİLER – Belirli çevre koşullarında kirletici ve kirletici komplekslerinin açıklanmasında kullanılan bir terim. ANAEROBIK-Oksijensiz ortamda yaşayabilen organizmalar AREAL-Bir türün yaşam alanı AKIFER - Suyun çok uzak mesafelere gitmesini sağlayan, yer altı sularını pınarlara ve kuyulara ileten gözenekli toprak ya da jeolojik oluşum. BIOSENOZ - Biyolojik ortamdaki canlı organizmaların tümü. Biyotop denilen biyolojik ortamda tüm organizmalar, ya doğrudan doğruya ya da dolaylı olarak birbirine bağlıdır, örneğin; bitkiler organik maddeleri hazırlar, kimi hayvan türleri bitkilerle beslenir, bunlarla da etçil hayvanlar beslenir. Bitki ve hayvan ölüleriyle, metabolizma artıklarında yaşayan birçok bakteriler, bunları yeniden bitkilere geçebilecek ham madde durumuna getirirler. 110

BIYOLOJIK BOZUNMA - Biyolojik bozunma, kimyasal bileşiklerin, canlı organizmaların biyolojik etkileriyle tahribi demektir. Biyolojik bozunmada esas prosedür oksidasyondur ve genellikle tabiattaki canlılar tarafından kullanılması için organik maddelerin bir kere daha elde edilebilecek şekilde basit bileşenlere ayrılması anlamındadır. BİOÇEŞİTLİLİK- Biyoçeşitlilik, bir ekosistem, biyom veya tüm Dünya'da bulunan yaşam formlarının çeşitliliğidir.. Biyoçeşitlilik ekosistem çeşitliliği ve bu ekosistem içinde bir türün genetik çeşitliliğinin içerir. Yaşam için gerekli madde ve koşullar, çevrenin abiyotik etkenleri ile bakteri, protista, mantar, bitki ve hayvanlar tarafından sağlanır. Bu canlıların tamamına biyoçeşitlilik denir. BİYOTİK FAKTÖRLER –belirli bir yaşam alanında yaşayan organizmalar BİYOSFER - Dünyada canlıların yaşadığı 16-20 km kalınlığında tabaka; "canlı küre" de denir. BİYOSFER REZERVLERİ Biyosfer Rezervi; Uluslararası öneme sahip ve UNESCO’nun İnsan ve Biyosfer (MaB=Man and Biosphere) Programı içerisinde yer alan karasal ve/veya kıyı ekosistemlerine sahip yerlerdir (UNESCO-MaB 2003:2). Biyosfer rezervleri biyolojik çeşitliliğin korunması, ekonomik kalkınma ve kültürel değerlerin devamlılığı arasındaki çatışmaların sürdürülebilir bir şekilde çözülmesine dönük temel bir yaklaşımdır (UNESCO-MaB 2003:3).Biyosfer rezervleri biyolojik çeşitliliğin korunması, ekonomik kalkınma ve kültürel değerlerin korunmasına dönük uygulamaların denendiği, seçildiği, sunulduğu ve geliştirildiği alanlardır (UNESCO-MaB 2003:4).

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BİYOTOP - Canlı varlıkların yaşamını sürdürebilmesi için uygun çevresel koşullara sahip bir coğrafik bölge veya değişken hacimli bir ortam” SİYAH GEL-GİT - Okyanus üzerinde beliren ve gel-gitlerle sahile kadar uzanan yağ tabakası IĞNE YAPRAKLI ORMANLAR , Kuzey ormanları da denilen vejetasyon bölgesi (ağaçlar ve çalılar) ve gimnospermler ( ağaçlar,çamlar). Ilıman ve subtropikal, yarı arktik bölgelerde yaygındır. KİRLENMİŞ HAVA - hayatın gelişmesi için özellikle tehlikeli kirleticiler (radyoaktif, zehirli gazlar, mikroorganizmalar patojen vb) içeren hava Özellikle endüstriyel ve kentsel yığılmaların olduğu alanlarda mevcut. Bu canlılar üzerinde olumsuz etkilere neden kirleticilerin yüksek konsantrasyonlarda karakterizedir; DÖNGÜ : Canlı organizmalarda ortam içinde biyokimyasaldolaşım ORMANSIZLAŞTIRMA – Yeryüzündeki ormanları ortadan kaldırma. İrrasyonel ormansızlaşma yağış rejimi, bozulması ve toprak erozyonu ile hava akımlarının hareketi, sel oluşumu doğada büyük dengesizliklere neden olur. AĞAÇBİLİM Odunsu bitkiler (ağaçlar ve çalılar) çalışması ile ilgilenen bu botanik dalı. Bu araştırmanın verileri üzerinde doğal ekosistemlerin (ormanlar) ve insan (parklar, bahçeler) yapıları oluşturur; KİRLETİCİLERİN TESPİTİ – çevrenin tanımlama süreci özel ekipman kullanarak kirleticilerin varlığı ve zararlı radyasyon ve farklı ortamlarda onların konsantrasyonunu belirlemek; DETERJAN - Çeşitli malzemelerin temizliğinde kullanılan organik kimyasallar. doğada önemli su kirleticilerinden biri; 112

EKOLOJİK YAŞ - Bir ekosistemdeki nüfus yaşı EKOLOJİK ÖZELLİKLERİ - Bir organizmanın tüm morfolojik ve fizyolojik özellikleri, Onlar geliştirmek gibi çevresel faktörler ile ilişkili nüfus veya biocenosis; Doğal afetler - biyosfer (deprem, sel, volkanik patlamalar, kasırgalar, tayfunlar) kısa etkili ama güçlü yıkıcı bileşenlerin doğal fenomeni; EKOLOJİK FAKTÖRLER - Tüm abiyotik faktörler (sıcaklık, ışık, yağış, basınç, vb.) ve biyotik faktörler bir organizmanın birbirleriyle temas ettiği ile (Parazitler, zararlılar ve benzeri ÇEVREBİLİM - organizmalarla, içinde yaşandıkları ortamı ve bu iki varlığa ait karşılıklı etki ve ilişkileri inceleyen bir bilim dalı. Bu tanımlamadaki organizmalar, diğer bir deyim ile canlılar veya canlı çevre; insan, hayvan ve bitkilere ait bireyleri veya bunlardan oluşmuş toplumları ifade etmektedir. Tanımlamanın içinde geçen organizmaların içinde yaşadıkları ortam deyimi ise cansız çevre olarak da ifade edilir ve hava, su, toprak, ışık gibi faktörleri kapsar. Ekolojinin; botanik, zooloji, mikrobiyoloji, fizyoloji, bitki beslenmesi, anatomi, morfoloji, patoloji, pedeloji, jeoloji, jeomorfoloji, mineraloji, fizik, kimya, meteoroloji ve klimatoloji gibi bilim dalları ile yakın ilgisi vardır. Bu terim 1866’da Alman zoolojist Ernst Haeckel tarafından yaratılmıştır. EKOSFER - Yeryüzünün canlıları içeren bölümü; biyosfer ve karşılıklı etkileşimin söz konusu olduğu atmosfer, hidrosfer ve litosfer kesitli. ECOSYSTEM Birbirleri ile ve cansız ortamla ilişki içinde olan kendi içinde yeterli bitki ve hayvan topluluğu. Bu terim 1935’de İngiliz Botanist A. Tans tarafından 113

yaratılmıştır. Gezegendeki tüm ekosistemler Biyosferde oluşur. EKOSİSTEM KARARLILIK- Belli bir biyotopta yaşayan organizmaların uzun süre değişklik göstermemesi ÇEVRESEL BOZULMA – İnsan aktiviteleri ve davranışları ile bazen de doğal afetlerle birlikte gelişerek mevcut temel doğal kaynaklara zarar veren veya doğal süreçleri tersine çeviren oluşuma verilen genel addır. Potansiyel etkileri çok çeşitli olmakla birlikte, doğal afetlerin meydana geliş sıklığını ve şiddetini etkileyerek genelde zarar görebilirliği artmasına sebep olur. Toprak verimsizliği, ormansızlaşma, çölleşme, kırsal arazi yangınları, biyolojik çeşitliliğin yok olması, sutoprak-hava kirliliği, iklimsel değişim, deniz seviyesi yükselmesi, atmosferde ozon seyrelmesi gibi bozulmalar örnek verilebilir. ÇEVRE KORUMA - Çevre Koruma, doğal kaynakların ya da belli bir ekosistemdeki bütün çevrenin, yasal, kurumsal, bilimsel ve teknolojik düzenlemelerin de yardımıyla planlı biçimde korunması. 20. yüzyıl sonlarında, insanlığa, erişilebilen en yüksek yaşam düzeyini sağlama amacını içermeye başlamıştır.Besin, su, hava, ısı gibi yaşamı sürdürmek için gerekli kaynaklar binlerce yıldır insanlar tarafından kullanılmaktadır. Ama günümüzde artan nüfus baskısı, gelişmiş teknoloji ve insanların artık yalnızca temel gereksiniırilerin karşılarırrıasıyla yetinmeyip dinlenme, eğlenme vb etkinlikler için de yeterli alan ve kaynaklar istemesi, doğal kaynaklar üzerindeki baskıyı artırmıştır. Belli bir yaşam düzeyi sağlamak için tarımda ve bilirnde gelişkin tekniklerin kullanılması gerekir. Doğal kaynakların gelecek için de korunması gerektiğinin bilincini taşıyan akılcı bir yaklaşımla bu kaynakların kullanımının denetlenmesi, doğadaki besin kaynaklarının 114

tükenmemesini ve doğal çevrenin bozulup yok olmamasını sağlayacaktır. HARDWOOD-dominated vegetation zone arboreal vegetation and angiosperms. It is present both in temperate zones and in the subtropical and tropical; ZARARLI - Kimyasal veya fiziksel etkilerin (duman, gaz, toz, koku, gürültü, titreşim, vb.) ortaya çıkardığı sonuç. Yoğunluk konsantrasyonu belli bir sınırın aşılması durumunda; Insan ve diğer canlılar için zararlı olmaya başlar. ORTAM- Bir gövde ile belirli bir konumda fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik hava, bütünlüğü temasa (sıcaklık, nem, toprak, su, karasal manyetizma, peyzaj, organları vb) girer. DOĞA KORUMA Doğa koruma, bugün çevre korumanın vazgeçilmez bir bölümü durumundadır. Doğa Koruma’dan; “İnsanlar, hayvanlar ve bitkiler için yaşamın temeli olarak doğanın sürekli korunmasını ve iyileştirilmesini kapsayan bütün önlemler ile doğanın her türlü zararlı etkilerden, tahriplerden veya yok edilmesinden korunması anlaşılır.” DOĞAL KAYNAKLAR - Hava, su, toprak, bitki örtüsü, hayvanlar ve madenler Dünya'nın doğal kaynaklarını oluşturur. OZON- UV emici rolü ile Dünya üzerinde gaz örtüsü; KİRLETİCİLER - Çevre kirliliği, ekosistemlerde doğal dengeyi bozan ve insanlardan kaynaklanan ekolojik zararlardır Çevre kirliliği, yeryüzünde yaşayan bütün canlıların sağlığını etkileyen, cansız ve çevredeki maddeler üstünde yapısal zararlar veren ve bazı nitelikleri bozan yabancı maddelerin hava, su ve toprağa karışması olayıdır.

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BIRIKEN KİRLETİCİLER Hava, toprak ve yaşayan organizmaların yarattığı kirliliklerinin zaman içinde tekrarlanması olgusu.; KİRLETİCİ EMİSYON, Emisyon kirleticiler, havanın doğal yapısındaki bileşimi değiştiren ve katı,sıvı ve gaz formlarda bulunabilen kimyasal maddelerdir.Emisyon kirleticileri fiziksel ve kimyasal yapılarına bağlı olarak sınıflandırılabilirler. KİRLENMİŞ ALAN (bir veya daha fazla kaynaktan gelen) konsantrasyonu yasal sınırı aşan veya yönetmelikler tarafından belirlenen oranı geçen kirliliğin olduğu yer KİRLENMİŞ MIST CAPS - Belirli bir alanda (kent, köy, sanayi kuruluşu) üzerinde bulunan kirletici ürünler içeren gaz küme, karakteristik form. KİRLİLİK - Çevre kirliliği, ekosistemlerde doğal dengeyi bozan ve insanlardan kaynaklanan ekolojik zararlardır.Çevre kirliliği, yeryüzünde yaşayan bütün canlıların sağlığını etkileyen, cansız ve çevredeki maddeler üstünde yapısal zararlar veren ve bazı nitelikleri bozan yabancı maddelerin hava, su ve toprağa karışması olayıdır. FITOPLANKTON - Su ortamındaki besin zincirinin temelini, fotosentez yapabilen tek hücreli canlılar yani fitoplanktonik organizmalar oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle de yetiştiricilik çalışmalarında önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Yetiştiriciliği amaçlanan su canlılarının bir çoğunun yavru (larval) dönemindeki besin zincirin ilk halkasını fitoplankton oluşturur. İkinci halkayı ise hayvansal plankton (zooplankton) oluşturur GERİ DÖNÜŞÜM - Geri dönüşüm terim olarak, kullanım dışı kalan geri dönüştürülebilir atık malzemelerin çeşitli geri dönüşüm yöntemleri ile hammadde olarak tekrar imalat süreçlerine kazandırılmasıdır. 116

YAŞAM KALİTESİ - Tüm doğal ve sosyo-kültürel şartlar (yaşamın ortalama saflığı, su, hava, toprak, peyzaj gelişim insan yerleşimleri düzeyi vb.) Çevre dostu, bu kavramı insan türünün devamlılığı ve idamesi sağlayarak zamanla entegre etmelidir. MEVSİMSEL ORAN –Mevsim ritmiyle ilişkli yaşam KENDİ KENDİNİ DÜZENLEYEN Kendini veya kendisi düzenleyen; sabit kalacağı ekosistem biocenosis kompozisyon düzenleme becerisi; SİS - Sis o maddelerin sıcak ve nemli ortamda şehirlerde ve sanayi bölgelerin üzerinde yayılan form demektir. DUMAN (kurum, katran, kül vb) yanıcı gazlar ve yanmamış katı parçacıklar tarafından oluşturulan siyah gri bir bulut şeklinde hava kirletici. Besin zinciri, farklı hayvanların arama ve besin elde arasında kurulan tüm bağlantılar. Örneğin, gıda zinciri: caterpillar-suçiçeği veya yosunbalık-adam; ATIKSU - Evlerde, iş yerlerinde kullanımdan dolayı kirlenen ve bina dışına sevk edilen pis su. Evlerdeki ticari ve endüstriyel kullanımdan sonraki sularla, yerleşim bölgelerinden gelen kirli yağmur suları. (virüs, bakteri, böcek yumurta veya larvaların vb.) SU ARITMA - İçilmesinde, kullanılmasında veya çevreye bırakılmasında (atıksu) sakınca bulunan suların, kirletici parametlerinden arındırılmasına "Su Arıtma" denir.

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Green Dictionary Second Part for Teachers: Poland ABIOTIC FACTORS – czynniki abiotyczne ACCLIMATIZATION – zaklimatyzowanie się ADAPTATION - adaptacja AEROBE - TLENOWIEC AIR POLLUTION – zanieczyszczenie powietrza AGGRESSIVENESS POLLUTANTS – agresywność substancji zanieczyszczających ANAEROBIC- beztlenowe AREAL -powierzchniowy AQUIFER-warstwa wodnonośna BIOCENOSIS - biocenoza BIODEGRADATION – biodegradacja BIODIVERSITY- bioróżnorodność BIOTIC FACTORS-living things or their byproducts in a particular habitat; BIOSPHERE -biosfera BIOSPHERE RESERVES zapasy biosferyczne BIOTOPE- biotop BLACK TIDE - przypływ CONIFEROUS FORESTS, lasy iglaste CONTAMINATED AIR – skażone powietrze CYCLE biogeochemical- obieg biochemiczny DEFORESTATION - wylesianie DENDROLOGY – dendrologia, nauka o drzewach DETECTION OF POLLUTANTS – wykrycie substancji zanieczyszczających DETERGENT - detergent ECOLOGICAL AGE-wiek ekologiczny ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS – charakterystyka ekologiczna 118

ECOLOGICAL FACTORS – czynniki ekologiczne ECOLOGY - ekologia ECOSPHERE – ekosfera, wszystkie organizmy żyjące na ziemi oraz procesy ich dotyczące ECOSYSTEM - ekosystem ECOSYSTEM STABILITY- stabilność ekosystemu ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION –rozkład środowiska, degradacja ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION – ochrona środowiska HARDWOOD- drewno twarde HARMFUL – szkodliwy MEDIUM – pożywka, podłoże hodowlane NATURE PROTECTION – ochrona natury NATURAL RESOURCES – zasoby naturalne OZONE-ozon POLLUTANTS – substancje zanieczyszczające POLLUTANTS ACCUMULATING – gromadzenie się substancji zanieczyszczających POLLUTANT EMISSION-emisja substancji zanieczyszczających POLLUTED AREA – obszar zanieczyszczony POLLUTED MIST CAPS – chmury zanieczyszczeń POLLUTION - zanieczyszczenie PHYTOPLANKTON- fitoplankton RECYCLING-recykling QUALITY OF LIFE – jakość życia RATE SEASONAL-wskaźnik sezonowy SELF-REGULATING- samoregulacja SMOG- smog SMOKE -dym WASTE WATER - ścieki WATER TREATMENT – oczyszczanie wody

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Green Dictionary Second Part for Teachers: Romania Scrisoare adresată omenirii Natura este în pericol! Dragi Pământeni, Întreaga noastră planetă aflată în suferință, trage un semnal de alarmă: Natura este în pericol! Fiecare locuitor al Terrei trebuie să asculte acest mesaj să-l înțeleagă și să acționeze pentru a salva viul și a trăi conform naturii. Dacă distrugem pădurile, distrugem viitorul planetei. Efectele defrișărilor masive ne afectează pe toți, indiferent dacă locuim în oraș sau la marginea unei (foste) păduri. Cu toții contribuim la această distrugere!

O persoană consumă anual 65 metri cubi de lemn transformat în 320 120

kg de hârtie (ziare, reviste, ambalaje ...). Rețineți! Din 10 kg de hârtie se cumpără un copăcel.

Multe animale care trăiesc în păduri sunt nevoite să se refugieze și să caute noi locuri favorabile!

Trebuie să-i facem pe oameni să conștientizeze pericolul care amenință Pământul!

Pământenii – Dușmani ai Terrei? Omul reprezintă o parte inseparabilă a naturii și, împreună cu factorii de mediu, formează un tot unitar, un adevărat sistem aflat în echilibru. Acest echilibru devine din ce în ce mai fragil pentru că lumea modernă tinde să rupă armonia din natură.

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Supraaglomerarea, dezvoltarea industriei, a agriculturii și a mijloacelor de transport au dus la modificarea condițiilor de viață ale plantelor și animalelor din mediul natural și la dispariția unor specii, poluarea mediului, murdărirea străzilor și a parcurilor, șa tulburarea liniștii. A fost odată ca niciodată ... Așa vom spune curând despre: Florile de cireș în zilele verzi de martie. Nopțile scurte de vară cu ploi

Frunzele ruginii purtate de vântul blând al toamnei

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Zăpada îngreunează copacilor

care crengile

Vom aștepta toate acestea sau vom face ceva, oricît de puțin, pemtru ca să mai avem parte de vară, iarnă, toamnă și primăvară?

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ACLIMATIZARE – proces fiziologic complex datorită căruiă o specie (populație) poate să-și desfășoare normal viața în condiții climatice diferite față de cele la care specia respectivă este adaptată; ACUMULARE DE POLUANȚI - fenomen de acumulare a poluanților în apă, aer, sol și organismele vii prin aportul repetat și de durată al acestora. În principalele medii de viață, poluanții provin din activitățile industriale, de transport, menajere, precum și pesticide; ACVIFER- Panză sau nivel de apă subteran. Acviferul poate fi poluat prin infiltrații de substante de la suprafața solului sau din depozitele de deșeuri. Poluarea acviferelor constituie o problemă majoră de mediu, întrucât refacerea ecologică este foarte costisitoare, necesitând măsuri complexe și timp îndelungat. ADAPTARE - schimbare cantitativă a exprimării caracterelor sub acțiunea factorilor ecologici; AEROB-organism care, pentru a trăi, are nevoie de oxygen liber molecular(din aer sau dizolvat în apă); AER CONTAMINAT - aer care conține poluanți deosebit de periculoși (substanțe radioactive, gaze toxice, microorganisme patogene etc.) pentru desfășurarea vieții. Este prezent mai ales în aglomerările urbane și industriale. Se caracterizează prin concentrații mari de substanțe poluante care produc efecte nocive asupra viețuitoarelor; AER POLUAT - aer care conține poluanți în concentrații ce determină efecte nocive sau care produc disconfort. Este întâlnit în marile orașe. Datorită acestui fapt, întreaga ambianță umană este modificată, ca și viața populației orașului respectiv; AGRESIVITATEA POLUANȚILOR - termen folosit în ecologie pentru a desemna acțiunea unui poluant sau a unui complex de poluanți care în anumite condiții de 124

mediu produc o vătămare excesivă organismelor sau bunurilor materiale; ANAEROB-organism capabil să trăiască în absența oxigenului molecular liber; APA REZIDUALĂ - apa rezultată din procesele industriale și activitățile menajere, care conține diferite elemente sau substanțe chimice nocive, microorganisme patogene (virusuri, bacterii, ouă sau larve de insecte etc.); AREAL-teritoriu ocupat de o specie; ARIE POLUATA – porțiune de teren în care se înregistrează concentrații de poluanți (proveniți din una sau mai multe surse) peste limita legală sau fixată prin regulamente de protecția mediului; AUTOREGLARE-capacitatea ecosistemului de a-ți regla compoziția biocenozei, pentru a rămâne constantă. BIOCENOZA - componenta vie a unui ecosistem reprezentând o comunitate unitară și complexă de plante și animale. Între viețuitoarele ce alcătuiesc o biocenoză, precum și între acestea și mediul lor de trai,( biotipul), există relații de interacțiune bine statornicite, care asigură funcțiile sistemului respectiv; BIODEGRADARE - proces de descompunere a unor elemente, substanțe, obiecte sau corpuri organice din natura sub actiunea organismelor vii și în special a microorganismelor din grupul bacteriilor și ciupercilor microscopice. BIODIVERSITATE-Termenul biodiversitate descrie întreaga gamă a variabilității organismelor vii în cadrul unui complex ecologic. Biodiversitatea cuprinde diversitatea ecosistemului și diversitatea genetică a unei specii din acest ecosistem.Biodiversitatea reprezintă variabilitatea organismelor din cadrul ecosistemelor terestre, marine, acvatice continentale și complexele 125

ecologice; aceasta include diversitatea intraspecifică, interspecifică și diversitatea ecosistemelor. BIOSFERA - totalitatea ecosistemelor și a viețuitoarelor din geosferele care conțin viața; BIOTOP-totalitatea factorilor abiotici prezenți într-un anumit spațiu de viată care asigură existența unei comunități de viețuitoare; CALITATEA VIEȚII - totalitatea condițiilor naturale și socio-culturale ( puritatea mediului de viață- apă, aer, sol, peisaj nivel de dezvoltare al așezărilor umane etc.). Ecologic, acest concept trebuie integrat în timp, prin asigurarea permanenței și perpetuării speciei umane. CALOTA DE PÂCLĂ POLUANTĂ – aglomerare de gaze cu formă caracteristică, conținând produse poluante, localizate deasupra unei anumite zone (oras, comună, întreprindere industrială). CARACTERISTICI ECOLOGICE – totalitatea caracterelor morfologice sau fiziologice ale unui organism, populație sau biocenoză, corelate cu factori de mediu în care ele se dezvoltă; CATASTROFĂ NATURALĂ – fenomen natural cu acțiune de scurtă durată, dar puternic distructivă, asupra componentelor biosferei (cutremure, inundații, erupții vulcanice, uragane,taifunuri); CICLU BIOGEOCHIMIC-circulația unui element chimic din mediul înconjurător în organismele vii și din acestea din nou, în mediu; DEFRIȘARE – înlăturarea completă a pădurilor pe o anumită suprafață. Defrișarea irațională conduce la crearea unor mari dezechilibre în natură, prin modificarea regimului de precipitatii, al miscărilor curenților de aer, prin degradarea și eroziunea solurilor, prin apariția de inundații etc.

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DEGRADAREA MEDIULUI – proces de alterare a calităților fizice, chimice și biologice ale mediului înconjurător, ca urmare a influenței directe sau indirecte a factorilor ecologici naturali sau antropici. Are drept efect crearea de condiții improprii de folosire a mediului de viață, modificarea ecosistemelor naturale, perturbării în desfasurarea activității umane, apariția unor boli etc. Poate fi cauzată de erupții vulcanice, inundații, cicloane, cutremure de pământ, incendii, eroziuni datorate apei și vântului, substanțe poluante, folosirea abuzivă, defrișări, vânat și pescuit iraționale, experiențe nucleare, războaie; DENDROLOGIE - ramură a botanicii care se ocupă cu studiul plantelor lemnoase (arbori și arbuști). Pe datele furnizate de aceasta se bazează cercetarea structurilor ecosistemelor naturale (păduri) și a celor antropice (parcuri, grădini); DETECTAREA POLUANTILOR – proces de identificare în mediul ambiant, cu ajutorul unor aparate speciale, a prezenței poluanților și a radiațiilor nocive, precum și stabilirea concentrației lor în diferite medii; DETERGENT – substanța chimică organică utilizată în spalarea diferitelor materiale. Reprezintă unul dintre factorii poluanți ai apelor din natură; ECOLOGIE – stiința biologică de sinteză ce studiază prin excelență conexiunile ce apar între organisme și mediul lor de viață, alcătuit din ansamblul factorilor de mediu ( abiotici și biotici), precum și structura, funcția și productivitatea sistemelor biologice. Termenul a fost creat în 1866 de către zoologul german Ernst Haeckel; ECOSFERA - termen generic, care înglobează lumea vie și toate sferele pamântului ce adăpostesc viețuitoare (atmosfera, hidrosfera, straturile superioare ale litosferei);

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ECOSISTEM - fragment mai mare sau mai mic al biosferei, alcătuit dintr-o componenta vie, reprezentată de plante și animale (biocenoza) și una nevie ( biotip), formând un ansamblu integrat, în permanentă interacțiune. Termenul a fost creat de botanistul englez A. Tansle în 1935. Totalitatea ecosistemelor la nivel planetar, formeaza BIOSFERA; EMISIE POLUANTĂ- emisie de substanțe solide, lichide sau gazoase dăunatoare organismelor animale și vegetale, inclusiv pentru om, provenite din diverse surse, cel mai adesea industriale; EPURAREA APEI – operație de îndepărtare, din apele naturale sau reziduale, a materiilor organice și anorganice dizolvate sau în suspensie, pentru a le aduce la o calitate corespunzatoare scopului urmărit. Se efectuează prin procedee mecanice, chimice si biologice, în cadrul stațiilor de epurare; FACTORI ABIOTICI- factori de mediu lipsiți de viață; FACTORI BIOTICI-viețuitoarele sau produși ai acestora dintr-un anumit mediu de viață; FACTORII ECOLOGICI – totalitatea factorilor abiotici (temperatură, lumină, precipitații, presiune etc.) și biotici (paraziți, dăunători etc.) cu care un organism vine în contact și cu care se interconditionează reciproc; FITOPLANCTON-componentă vegetală a planctonului din stratul superior al apei; FUM - poluant atmosferic format din gaze de ardere și mici particule solide nearse (funingine, gudroane,cenușă etc.) care se prezintă sub forma unui nor cenușiu până la negru; HABITAT-parte din biotop ocupată de un individ sau de o populație; LANȚ TROFIC- ansamblul legăturilor care se stabilesc între diferite animale în procesul căutării și obținerii hranei. De 128

exemplu, lanțul trofic: omidă-găină-vulpe, sau alge-peștiom; MAREE NEAGRĂ - peliculă de petrol ajunsă accidental pe suprafața apei marine sau oceanice, care plutește un timp mai scurt sau mai îndelungat, până ce difuzează în zona litorală; MEDIU - totalitatea factorilor fizici, chimici, meteorologici și biologici dintr-un loc dat, cu care un organism vine în contact (temperatura, umiditatea, solul, apa, magnetismul terestru,peisajul, organismele etc.); NOCIV - capacitatea unor substanțe sau fenomene fizice (fum, gaze, praf, mirosuri, zgomote, trepidații etc.) de a deveni dăunătoare pentru om și alte viețuitoare, când depăsesc o anumită limită de concentrare, respectiv de intensitate; OCROTIREA NATURII – ramură a ecologiei aplicate, având ca obiectiv principal păstrarea și conservarea populațiilor naturale tipice, specifice unei anumite regiuni, ca forme perfecte în păstrarea echilibrului biologic local. În acest cadru se includ problemele legate de crearea rezervațiilor naturale, unde, peisajul flora și fauna sunt strict protejate; OZON-pătură gazoasă deasupra Pamantului cu rol de absorbție a razelor ultraviolete; PADUREA DE CONIFERE- (numită uneori pădure boreală) este zona de vegetație în care predomină vegetația arboricolă (arbori și arbuști) și gimnospermică (brazi,pini). Ea este răspândită în zonele subarctice, temperate și subtropicale. PADUREA DE FOIOASE-zona de vegetație în care predomină vegetația arboricolă și angiospermică. Ea este prezentă atât în zonele temperate, cât și în cele subtropicale și tropicale;

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POLUANT - produs solid, lichid sau gazos provenit din activitățile umane și dispersat în aer, apă sau sol, cu acțiune dăunătoare asupra organismelor vii, bunurilor materiale, operelor de artă, peisajului etc.; POLUARE - proces de alterare a mediilor de viață biotice și abiotice și a bunurilor create de om, cauzat mai ales de deșeurile provenite din activitățile umane, de origine menajeră, agricolă, industrială etc., cât și datorită unor fenomene naturale; PROTECȚIA MEDIULUI – totalitatea acțiunilor întreprinse de om pentru păstrarea echilibrului ecologic, menținerea și ameliorarea calității factorilor naturali, dezvoltarea valorilor materiale și spirituale, asigurarea condițiilor de viață generațiilor actuale și viitoare. Acțiunea omului asupra biosferei a dus pe întinse regiuni ale globului la deteriorarea unor vaste ecosisteme, la epuizarea solurilor și a resurselor de apă dulce și dispariția a numeroase specii vegetale și animale. Protecția mediului a devenit în prezent o problemă stringentă a politicii tuturor statelor; RECICLARE-separare, apoi colectare și prelucrare a deșeurilor, pentru a le folosi ca materie primă în fabricarea de noi ; RESURSE NATURALE - orice componentă din mediul natural, ca solul, apa, flora, fauna, bogățiile minerale ale subsolului, populațiile umane; REZERVAȚII ALE BIOSFEREI- teritorii ocrotite care conservă integralitatea, funcționalitatea și alte însusiri naturale ale unor ecosisteme, ce prin existența lor contribuie la regenerarea continuă a resurselor fundamentale ale biosferei; RITM SEZONIER-ritm de viață legat de alternanța anotimpurilor;

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SMOG-ceață deasă care se formează în regiunile industriale sau deasupra orașelor, în atmosfera umedă și caldă, din substanțele emanate; STABILITATEA ECOSISTEMULUI-starea ecosistemului în care biocenoza nu suferă modificări o perioadă lungă de timp; VÂRSTA ECOLOGICĂ-vârsta unei populații dintr-un ecosistem în funcție de reproducere ; ZONA POLUATĂ - loc în care se înregistrează o creștere excesivă a poluanților ( proveniți din una sau mai multe surse) care depășesc concentrația limitei legale sau fixată prin regulamente.

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Green Dictionary Second Part for Teachers: Spain Carta a la humanidad ¡La naturaleza está en peligro! Querida tierra, Nuestro planeta entero está en peligro, por lo que mantengamos este aviso: La naturaleza está en peligro!. Cada habitante de la tierra debe escuchar este mensaje y entenderlo para actuar y salvar la vida, viviendo conforme a la naturaleza. Si destruimos los bosques, destruiremos el futuro del planeta. Los efectos de la masiva deforestación nos afecta a todos, no importa si vives en la ciudad o al borde del bosque. ¡Todos contribuimos a esta detrucción!. Una persona consume anualmente 35 metros cúbicos de madera 132

convertios en 320 kg de papel (periódicos, revistas, cajas, …). ¡Ojo! De cada 10 kg de paper compras un árbol.

Muchos animales que viven en el bosque se ven obligados a huir y encontrar otros lugares donde habitar.

¡Tenemos que conseguir que la gente tome conciencia del peligro que amenaza a la tierra!.

Earthlings - Enemigos de la Tierra? El hombre es una parte inseparable de la naturaleza y, junto con los factores ambientales, forma un todo, un sistema real que se encuentra en equilibrio. Este equilibrio se vuelve cada vez más frágil, ya que el mundo moderno tiende a romper la armonía de la naturaleza. El hacinamiento, el desarrollo industrial, la agricultura y los medios de transporte han llevado a la condición que cambia la vida de plantas y animales en el medio silvestre, la

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desaparición de especies, la contaminación ambiental, las calles de tierra y los parques a las diferentes alteraciones. Érase una vez ... En breve diremos: Cerezos en flor en pleno mes de Marzo.

Noches cortas de verano con lluvias rápidas.

Caida de la hoja a consecuencia del suave viento de otoño.

Nieve que pesa sobre las ramas de los árboles.

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多Vamos a esperar que todo esto se conviertan en historias o vamos a hacer algo al respecto?. Aunque sea poco, 多Qu辿 vamos a hacer en verano, invierno, primavera y oto単o?.

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FACTORES ABIÓTICOS, los factores ambientales sin vida. ACLIMATACION - complejo proceso fisiológico por el cual una especie (población) lleva a cabo su vida normal, en condiciones climáticas diferentes de aquellos en los que las especies se adaptan. ADAPTACIÓN - expresión de caracteres con cambio cuantitativo y bajo la influencia de los factores ecológicos. Aerobio-cuerpo, para vivir, necesita oxígeno molecular libre (de aire o disuelto en agua); CONTAMINACIÓN DEL AIRE - aire que contiene contaminantes en concentraciones que causan daño o causan malestar. Se encuentra en las grandes ciudades. Debido a esto, todo el entorno humano está cambiando, a consecuencia de la población ; CONTAMINANTES AGRESIVOS- término utilizado en ecología para describir la acción de un complejo contaminante o contaminantes que en ciertas condiciones ambientales producen daños excesivos en cuerpos o bien en sus propiedades; ANAEROBICO - organismo capaz de vivir libremente en ausencia de oxígeno molecular; ÁREA – Territorio ocupado por una especie. ACUÍFERO - Nivel del agua subterránea. Los acuíferos pueden ser contaminados por la infiltración de la superficie del suelo o de los rellenos sanitarios. La contaminación de las aguas subterráneas es un problema ambiental importante, porque la restauración ecológica es muy cara y requiere empleo de tiempo largo y complejo . BIOCENOSIS - Componente de un ecosistema que representa una comunidad unitaria y compleja de plantas y animales vivos. Entre las criaturas que componen una biocenosis, entre éstos y su entorno de vida (biotipo),

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existen relaciones de interacción bien establecidos que aseguran por completo las funciones del sistema. BIODEGRADACION – Proceso de descomposición de los elementos, sustancias, objetos o cuerpos de organismos bajo la acción de organismos vivos y microorganismos, especialmente bacterias y elementos microscópicos. BIODIVERSIDAD- En el término biodiversidad se describe toda la gama de la variables de los organismos vivos en un complejo ecológico. La biodiversidad incluye la diversidad de ecosistemas y la diversidad genética de una especie en este ecosistema. La biodiversidad es la variabilidad de organismos terrestres, complejos ecológicos marinos, continentales y acuáticas, esto incluye intraespecífica, la diversidad interespecífica y los ecosistemas de la diversidad. Elementos como factores bióticos vivos o sus derivados en un hábitat particular; BIOSFERA - todos los ecosistemas y seres vivos en la geosfera que contiene la vida; RESERVAS DE LA BIOSFERA - Áreas que preserven la integridad, la funcionalidad y otras cualidades naturales de los ecosistemas, que por su existencia sigue contribuyendo a la regeneración de los recursos fundamentales de la biosfera protegida; BIOTOPOS-todos los factores abióticos presentes en un espacio de vida que asegure la existencia de una comunidad de criaturas; MAREA NEGRA – Llegada accidental de película de aceite sobre la superficie del agua y océano marino, flotando flotando en mayor o menor cantidad hasta que llegar a la orilla del mar; Los bosques de coníferas (a veces llamado bosque boreal) es la zona de vegetación predominante junto a vegetación arbórea (árboles y arbustos) y gimnospermas (árboles, 137

pinos). Está muy extendida en las zonas subárticas, templada y subtropical. AIRE CONTAMINADO - aire que contiene contaminantes particularmente peligrosos (radiactivos, gases tóxicos, microorganismos patógenos, etc) para el desarrollo de la vida. Está presente sobre todo en las aglomeraciones urbanas e industriales. Se caracteriza por las altas concentraciones de contaminantes que causan efectos adversos en los seres vivos; CICLO BIOGEOQUÍMICO - Circulación un producto químico en el medio ambiente y en los organismos vivos. DEFORESTACIÓN - La eliminación completa de los bosques en una superficie. Deforestación irracional debida a grandes desequilibrios en la naturaleza por el cambio de régimen de caída de la lluvia, el movimiento de las corrientes de aire a través de la degradación y erosión del suelo y la incidencia de inundaciones. DENDROLOGÍA - Rama de la botánica que se ocupa del estudio de las plantas leñosas (árboles y arbustos). Acerca de los datos de esta investigación se construyen estructuras de los ecosistemas naturales (bosques) y humana (parques, jardines). DETECCIÓN DE CONTAMINANTES - Entorno de proceso de identificación medioambiental, utilizando equipos especiales, la presencia de contaminantes y las radiaciones nocivas y así determinar su concentración en diferentes entornos; DETERGENTE - Productos químicos orgánicos utilizados en la limpieza de diversos materiales. Es uno de los contaminantes del agua más importantes en la naturaleza; EDAD ECOLÓGICA - Edad de la población en un ecosistema por la reproducción;

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CARACTERÍSTICAS ECOLÓGICAS - Todas las características morfológicas o fisiológicas de un organismo, población o biocenosis correlacionada con los factores ambientales a medida que se desarrollan; CATÁSTROFES NATURALES - Fenómeno natural de acción corta pero de gran alcance y con componentes destructivos de la biosfera (terremotos, inundaciones, erupciones volcánicas, huracanes, tifones); FACTORES ECOLÓGICOS - Todos los factores abióticos (temperatura, luz, precipitación, presión, etc) y bióticos (parásitos, plagas, etc) con la que un organismo entran en contacto unos con otros y se interrelacionan; ECOLOGÍA - ciencia biológica sintética que estudia las excelentes conexiones que se dan entre los organismos y su medio ambiente, integrada por todos los factores ambientales (bióticos y abióticos) y la estructura, productividad, función y sistemas biológicos. El término fue creado en 1866 por el zoólogo alemán Ernst Haeckel; ECOSFERA - Es un término genérico que abarca el mundo de los vivos y todas las áreas de tierra que son el hogar de criaturas (atmósfera, hidrosfera, litosfera superior); ECOSISTEMA - fFragmento grande o pequeño de la biosfera consistente en un componente viviente, representado por las plantas y los animales (biocenosis) y uno inanimado (biotipo), formando de forma permanente una interacción integrada. El término fue creado por el botánico Inglés A. Tans en 1935. Todos los ecosistemas del planeta forman la biosfera; ESTABILIDAD DEL ECOSISTEMA – Estado del ecosistema que cambia un period de la biocenosis durante poco tiempo; DEGRADACIÓN AMBIENTAL - El proceso de alteración de las propiedades físicas, químicas y ambiente biológico 139

como resultado de la influencia directa o indirecta de los factores ecológicos naturales y antropogénicos. Tiene el efecto de un uso inadecuado de las condiciones ambientales de los ecosistemas que cambian la vida natural, la perturbación humana en esta actividad , las enfermedades emergentes, etc… Puede ser causada por erupciones volcánicas, inundaciones, ciclones , terremotos , incendios, erosión por agua y viento , contaminantes , uso indebido , la deforestación , la caza y la pesca irracional , experimentos nucleares, guerras, etc… PROTECCIÓN DEL MEDIOAMBIENTAL - Todas las acciones tomadas por los seres humanos para preservar el equilibrio ecológico , el mantenimiento y la mejora de la calidad de los factores naturales , el desarrollo de las condiciones materiales y espirituales de vida que garanticen las generaciones actuales y futuras. La acción humana sobre la biosfera se ha traducido en grandes daños a los ecosistemas a lo largo del globo terrestre, el agotamiento de los recursos de suelo y de agua dulce y la desaparición de numerosas especies vegetales y animales. Protección del medio ambiente se ha convertido en un problema urgente de la política de todos los países; MADERA DURA - Zona de vegetación dominada por vegetación y angiospermas arbóreas. Está presente tanto en zonas templadas como en la subtropical y tropical; NOCIVO - La capacidad de los productos químicos o los efectos físicos (humos, gases, polvo, olores, ruido, vibraciones, etc…) PuedeConvertirse en perjudicial para los seres humanos y otras criaturas cuando superen un determinado límite en su concentración y según la intensidad, respectivamente; MEDIO - Totalidad de física, química y biológica del tiempo en un lugar determinado, con un cuerpo que entra en 140

contacto (temperatura, humedad, suelo, agua, magnetismo terrestre, paisaje, organismos, etc.) PROTECCIÓN DE LA NATURALEZA - Rama de la ecología aplicada, con el objetivo principal de la preservación y conservación de las poblaciones naturales típicas de una región en particular que forma el equilibrio biológico perfecto en la conservación local. En este marco se incluyen problemas para crear reservas naturales, donde el paisaje está estrictamente protegido de flora y fauna. RECURSOS NATURALES - todo es parte del medio ambiente natural: el suelo, el agua, la flora, la fauna y la riqueza mineral de las poblaciones humanas del subsuelo; OZONO – Manta de gas por encima de la tierra con ultravioletas con rol de absorción; CONTAMINANTES – Producidos por combustibles sólidos, líquidos o gaseosos derivados de las actividades humanas y dispersas en el aire, el agua o el suelo, actuando de manera nociva contra los organismos vivos, los bienes, las obras de arte, el paisaje y así sucesivamente; ACUMULACIÓN DE CONTAMINANTES – Es un fenómeno de la acumulación de contaminantes en el agua, el aire, el suelo y los seres vivos por la ingesta repetida de su tiempo. La vida en los medios de comunicación principales, contaminantes procedentes de las actividades industriales, el transporte, los residuos y los plaguicidas; EMISIÓN DE CONTAMINANTES - Emisiones de organismos animales y vegetales dañinos sólidos, líquidos o gaseosos, incluido el hombre, de diversas fuentes, sobre todo industrial. ÁREA CONTAMINADA - Un lugar donde hay un creciente exceso de contaminantes (procedentes de una o más fuentes) de concentración superiores al límite legal o fijado por la reglamentación. 141

NUBE DE CONTAMINACIÓN - Forma característica de clúster de gas, que contienen productos contaminantes y situado por encima de una determinada zona (ciudad, pueblo, empresa industrial). CONTAMINACIÓN - Deterioro de los ambientes bióticos y abióticos de la vida y los bienes creados por los seres humanos, causados principalmente por los residuos procedentes de las actividades humanas, ya sean de producción nacional, agrícola, industrial y así sucesivamente, así como debido a los fenómenos naturales; FITOPLANCTON - Componente vegetal del plancton en la capa superior del agua; RECICLADO - Separación y recolección. Procesamiento de los residuos para su uso como materia prima en la fabricación de nosotros; CALIDAD DE VIDA - Todas las condiciones naturales y socio-culturales (pureza de la vida, el agua, el nivel de aire, el suelo, el desarrollo del paisaje de los asentamientos humanos y así sucesivamente). Respetuoso con el medio ambiente, este concepto debe integrarse con el tiempo, garantizando la permanencia y la perpetuación de la especie humana. TASA TEMPORAL – Ritmo de vida relacionado con la alteración estacional. AUTOREGULADOR - Regulación de uno mismo o en sí, la capacidad de regular la composición de la biocenosis del ecosistema que se mantiene constante; NIEBLAS - Niebla que se forma sobre las ciudades y regiones industriales en el ambiente cálido y húmedo de sustancias emitidas; HUMO - Contaminante del aire formado por los gases de combustión y partículas sólidas no quemadas (hollín, 142

alquitrán, cenizas, etc), que tienen forma de una nube gris o negro, la parte de los hábitats de los biotopos ocupados por un individuo o una población de la cadena alimentaria, todos los vínculos que se establecen entre los diferentes animales buscan y obtienen el alimento. Por ejemplo, la cadena alimentaria: caterpillar-chicken-fox, o algashombre-pez; AGUAS RESIDUALES - Agua de procesos industriales y de las actividades del hogar, que incluyen diferentes elementos o productos químicos nocivos patógenos (virus, bacterias, huevos de insectos o larvas, etc.) TRATAMIENTO DE AGUAS - Cirugía para el retiro de las aguas naturales o de los residuos orgánicos y los materiales inorgánicos disueltos o suspendidos, para llevarlos a una calidad de propósito. Se realiza por las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales mecánicas, químicas y biológicas.

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Green Dictionary Second Part for Teachers: Latvia ABIOTIC FACTORS - Abiotiskie faktori (nedzīvās vides faktori) lifeless environmental factors; ACCLIMATIZATION – Aklimatizācija complex physiological process due to which a species (population) is to conduct normal living in different climatic conditions from those in which the species that is adapted; ADAPTATION - Piemērošanās character expression quantitative change under the influence of ecological factors; AEROBE – AEROBĀ Baktērija body, to live, needs free molecular oxygen (from air or dissolved in water); AIR POLLUTION - Gaisa piesārņojums air containing pollutants in concentrations that cause harm or cause discomfort. It is found in large cities. Because of this, the entire human environment is changed, as that city the population lives; Bīstamie AGGRESSIVENESS POLLUTANTS – piesārņotāji term used in ecology to describe the action of a pollutant or pollutants complex in certain environmental conditions produce excessive harm bodies or property; ANAEROBIC – Anaerobs organism able to live freely in the absence of molecular oxygen; AREAL - Areāls occupied territory of one species; AQUIFER - Pazemes ūdeņi canvas or underground water level. Aquifers can be polluted by infiltration from the surface soil or landfills. Groundwater pollution is a major environmental problem because ecological restoration is very expensive, requiring complex and long time steps. BIOCENOSIS – Biocenoze living component of an ecosystem representing a unitary and complex community 144

of plants and animals. Among the creatures that make up a biocenosis, and between them and their living environment, (biotype), there are well established interaction relationships that ensure that the system functions; BIODEGRADATION - Biodegradrācija decomposition process elements, substances, objects or organic bodies of nature under the action of living organisms and microorganisms especially bacteria and microscopic fungi group. BIODIVERSITY- Biodiversitāte The term biodiversity describes the full range of variability of living organisms in an ecological complex. Biodiversity includes ecosystem diversity and genetic diversity of a species in this ecosystem. Biodiversity is variability in terrestrial organisms, marine, continental and aquatic ecological complexes, this includes intraspecific and interspecific diversity, and ecosystems diversity. BIOTIC FACTORS – Biotiskie (dzīvās dabas)faktori living things or their byproducts in a particular habitat; BIOSPHERE - Biosfēra all ecosystems and living beings in the geosphere that containing life; BIOSPHERE RESERVES - Biosfēras rezervāts protected areas that preserve completeness, functionality and other natural qualities of ecosystems, which by their existence continues to contribute to the regeneration of the fundamental resources of the biosphere; BIOTOPE - Biotops all abiotic factors present in a living space that ensures the existence of a community of creatures; BLACK TIDE - Naftas noplūdes plankums accidentally arrived oil film on the water surface and ocean marine, floating in a shorter or longer, until it airs in the seaside; 145

CONIFEROUS FORESTS - Skujkoku meži boreal forest sometimes called) is the predominant vegetation zone arboreal vegetation (trees and shrubs) and gymnosperms (trees, pines). It is widespread in subarctic areas, temperate and subtropical. CONTAMINATED AIR - Saindēts gaiss air containing pollutants particularly dangerous (radioactive, toxic gases, microorganisms pathogenic etc.) for the development of life. It is present especially in urban and industrial agglomerations. It is characterized by high concentrations of pollutants that cause adverse effects on living creatures; CYCLE biogeochemical –Bioģeoķīmiskais cikls circulation a chemical in the environment in living organisms and of these again, in the environment; DEFORESTATION - deforestācija complete removal of forests on a surface. Irrational deforestation leads to large imbalances in nature by changing rain fall regime, the movement of air currents through degradation and soil erosion, the occurrence of floods. DENDROLOGY - dendroloģija the branch of botany that deals with the study of woody plants (trees and shrubs). On data from this research builds structures of natural ecosystems (forests) and the human (parks, gardens); DETECTION OF POLLUTANTS - Piesārņotāju atklāšana identification process environment, using special equipment, the presence of pollutants and harmful radiation and determining their concentration in different environments; DETERGENT - Mazgāšanas līdzeklis organic chemicals used in cleaning various materials. It is one of the important water pollutants in nature; ECOLOGICAL AGE - Ekoloģiskais vecums age of the populations in an ecosystem by reproduction; 146

ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS - Ekoloģiskās pazīmes all morphological or physiological characteristics of an organism, population or biocenosis correlated with environmental factors as they develop; Natural disasters – dabas katastrofas natural phenomenon of short-acting but powerful destructive components of the biosphere (earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, typhoons); ECOLOGICAL FACTORS - Ekoloģiskie faktori all abiotic factors (temperature, light, precipitation, pressure, etc..) and biotic (Parasites, pests and so on) with which an organism comes into contact with each other is interrelated; ECOLOGY - Ekoloģija synthetic biological science studying the excellent connections that occur between organisms and their environment composed of all environmental factors (abiotic and biotic) and structure, productivity, function and biological systems. The term was created in 1866 by German zoologist Ernst Haeckel; ECOSPHERE - Ekosfēra a generic term that encompasses the living world and all land areas that are home to creatures (atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere upper); ECOSYSTEM - Ekosistēma large or small fragment of the biosphere consists of a living component, represented by plants and animals (biocenosis) and one inanimate (biotype), forming an integrated, permanently interaction. The term was created by English botanist A. Tans in 1935. All ecosystems on the planet, forming the biosphere; ECOSYSTEM STABILITY- Ekosistēmas stabilitāte state ecosystem that changes one periode biocoenosis not suffer long time; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION - Apkārtējas vides degradācija the process of altering the physical, chemical 147

and biological environment as a result of direct or indirect influence of natural and anthropogenic ecological factors. Has the effect of improper use of environmental conditions of life change natural ecosystems, human disturbance in this activity, emerging diseases, etc.. May be caused by volcanic eruptions, floods, cyclones, earthquakes, fires, erosion due to water and wind, pollutants, misuse, deforestation, hunting and fishing irrational, nuclear experiments, wars, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION - Apkārtējas vides aizsardzība all actions taken by humans to preserve ecological balance, maintaining and improving the quality of natural factors, the development of the material and spiritual living conditions ensuring current and future generations. Human action on the biosphere has resulted in large regions of the globe extensive damage to ecosystems, the depletion of soil and freshwater resources and disappearance of numerous plant and animal species. Environmental protection has now become urgent policy problem for all countries; HARDWOOD - Cietkoksne dominated vegetation zone arboreal vegetation and angiosperms. It is present both in temperate zones and in the subtropical and tropical; HARMFUL - kaitīgs the ability of chemicals or physical effects (smoke, gas, dust, odors, noise, vibrations, etc..) Becoming harmful to humans and other creatures, when exceeding a certain limit of concentration, intensity respectively; MEDIUM - dzīves apstākļi totality of physical, chemical, and biological weather in a given location, with a body comes into contact (temperature, humidity, soil, water, terrestrial magnetism, landscape, bodies etc.).

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NATURE PROTECTION - Dabas aizsardzība branch of applied ecology, with the main objective the preservation and conservation of natural populations typical of any particular region that forms perfect biological balance in preserving local. In this framework include problems creating natural reserves, where the landscape is strictly protected flora and fauna; NATURAL RESOURCES - Dabas resursi all part of the natural environment, the soil, water, flora, fauna, mineral riches of the subsoil human populations; OZONE - ozons gas blanket above the Earth with UV absorbing role; POLLUTANTS - vides piesārņotāji produced solid, liquid or gaseous fuels derived from human activities and dispersed into the air, water or soil, acting harmful to living organisms, goods, works of art, landscape and so on; POLLUTANTS ACCUMULATING - vides piesārņotāju uzkrāšanās a phenomenon of accumulation of pollutants in water, air, soil and living organisms by repeated intake of their time. Life in major media, pollutants from industrial activities, transportation, waste, and pesticides; POLLUTANT EMISSION - Piesārņotāju emisija emission of solid, liquid or gaseous harmful animal and vegetable organisms, including man, from various sources, mostly industrial POLLUTED AREA - Piesārņots apgabals a place where there is a growing excessive pollutants (coming from one or more sources) concentration exceeding the legal limit or fixed by regulations. POLLUTED MIST CAPS – piesārņota dūmaka gas cluster characteristic form, containing polluting products, located above a certain area (city, village, industrial enterprise). 149

POLLUTION - piesārņošana spoilage of biotic and abiotic environments of life and property created by humans, mainly caused by waste from human activities, whether of domestic, agricultural, industrial and so on, as well as due to natural phenomena; PHYTOPLANKTON - fitoplanktons plant component of plankton in the upper layer of water; RECYCLING – otrreizējā pārstrāde separation, and collection and processing waste for use as feedstock in the manufacture of us; QUALITY OF LIFE - Dzīves kvalitāte all natural and sociocultural conditions (average purity of life, water, air, soil, landscape development level of human settlements and so on). Environmentally friendly, this concept must be integrated over time by ensuring permanence and perpetuation of the human species. RATE SEASONAL – Sezonālais ritms related life alternating rhythm of seasons; SELF-REGULATING - pašregulējošs regulating oneself or itself; ability to regulate ecosystem biocenosis composition to remain constant; SMOG - smogs fog that forms over cities and industrial regions in the hot and humid environment of substances emitted; SMOKE - Dūmi; dūmaka air pollutant formed by the combustion gases and unburned solid particles (soot, tar, ash etc.) Which is in the form of a cloud gray to black; Part of the biotope habitats occupied by an individual or a population; Food chain, all links established between different animals search and obtain the food. For example, food chain: caterpillar-chicken-fox, or algae-fish-man; WASTE WATER - Notekūdens water from industrial processes and household activities, which include different 150

elements or chemicals harmful pathogens (viruses, bacteria, insect eggs or larvae etc.). WATER TREATMENT - Ūdens ārstēšana; ūdens apstrāde treatment for removal from natural waters or waste organic and inorganic materials dissolved or suspended, to bring them to a quality of purpose. It is performed by mechanical, chemical and biological wastewater treatment plants within.

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Green Dictionary Second Part for Teachers: Bulgaria Писмо до човечеството Природата е в опасност! Уважаемa Земя, цялата ни планета e в беда: Природата е в опасност! Всеки жител на Земята трябва да чуе това съобщение, за да го разбера и да направи така, че да спаси живота на планетата, както и да живее според природните закони. Ако ние унищожим горите, ние ще унищожим бъдещето на планетата. Ефектът от масовото обезлесяване засяга всички нас, независимо дали живеем в град или в края на унищожена гора. всичко това допринася за това унищожаване! Годишно човек консумира 35 кубически метра дървесина превърната в 320 килограма 152

хартия (вестници, списания, опаковки...). Забележка! 10 кг хартия = едно дърво. Много животни, които живеят в горите, са принудени да бягат и да намерят нови любими места!

Ние трябва да накараме хората да осъзнаят опасността, която заплашва Земята!

Земляните - Враговете на Земята? Човекът е неразделна част от природата и заедно с околната среда, представлява едно цяло, истински система, която е в равновесие.

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Този баланс става все по-крехък, като в съвременния свят е все по - вероятно тази хармонията в природата да бъде прекъсната. Пренаселеността, развитието на промишлеността, селското стопанство и транспортни средства са довели до промяна на живота на растенията и животните от дивата природа, до изчезването на видове и до замърсяването на околната среда. Имало едно време... Така че скоро ние ще кажем за: Цвят от череша през един зелен мартенски ден!

Кратки летни нощи с кратки дъждове

Ръждиви листа, носени от лекия вятър на есента

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Снегът натежава върху клонките на дърветата

Ще чакаме ли всичко това да остане в историята или ще направим нещо, па макар и малко, така че да имаме част от лятото, зимата, пролетта и есента?

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НЕОРГАНИЧНИ ФАКТОРИ АКЛИМАТИЗАЦИЯ - СЛОЖЕН ФИЗИОБИОЛОГИЧЕН ПРОЦЕС, БЛАГОДАРЕНИЕ НА КОЙТО ВСЕКИ ВИД (ПОПУЛАЦИЯ) СЕ ПРИСПОСОБЯВА КЪМ НОРМАЛЕН НАЧИН НА ЖИВОТ В РАЗЛИЧНИ КЛИМАТИЧНИ ОБСТОЯТЕЛСТВА, РАЗЛИЧНИ ОТ ТЕЗИ В КОИТО ВИДЪТ Е АДАПТИРАН; АДАПТАЦИЯ - КОЛИЧЕСТВЕНА ПРОМЯНА НА ХАРАКТЕРА ПОД ВЛИЯНИЕТО НА ЕКОЛОГИЧНИТЕ ФАКТОРИ АЕРОБ - ТЯЛО, КОЕТО ЗА ДА ЖИВЕЕ, СЕ НУЖДАЕ ОТ КИСЛОРОД, УСВОЕН ОТ ВЪЗДУХА ИЛИ РАЗТВОРЕН ВЪВ ВОДА. ЗАМЪРСЯВАНЕ НА ВЪЗДУХА – ВЪЗДУХ, СЪДЪРЖАЩ ЗАМЪРСИТЕЛИ В КОНЦЕНТРАЦИИ, КОИТО ВРЕДЯТ ИЛИ ПРИЧИНЯВАТ ДИСКОМФОРТ. СРЕЩА СЕ В ГОЛЕМИТЕ ГРАДОВЕ. ВСЛЕДСТВИЕ НА ЗАМЪРСЯВАНЕТО НА ВЪЗДУХА ОКОЛНА СРЕДА Е ПРОМЕНЕНА. АГРЕСИВНИ ЗАМЪРСИТЕЛИ – ТЕРМИН, ИЗПОЗВАН В ЕКОЛОГИЯТА, ЗА ДА ОПИШЕ ДЕЙСТВИЕТО НА ЗАМЪРСИТЕЛ ИЛИ ЗАМЪРСИТЕЛИ В ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИ УСЛОВИЯ В ОКОЛНАТА СРЕДА, ВРЕДЕЙКИ ПРЕКОМЕРНО НА ТЕЛА ИЛИ СТОПАНСТВА. АНАЕРОБ – ОРГАНИЗЪМ, СПОСОБЕН ДА ЖИВЕЕ СВОБОДНО В ОТСЪСТВИЕТО НА КИСЛОРОД. АРЕАЛ- обитавана от един вид територия. ПОДЗЕМЕН ВОДОСЪДЪРЖАЩ РАЙОН – подземно ниво на водата. Този район може да бъде замърсен от инфилтрацията на солите или депа за отпадъци. Замърсяването на подпочвената вода е главен природен проблем, защото екологичното възстановяване е много скъпо, изискващо сложен и дълъг процес. 156

БИОЦЕНОЗА – жив компонент от екосистемата, представящ единна и комплексна общност от растения и животни. Сред съществата, които съставят биоценозата, и между тях и тяхната жизнена среда (биотип) има добре установени отношения на взаимодействие, които гарантират, че системата функционира. БИОРАЗГРАЖДАНЕ – процес на разлагане на елементи, вещества, предмети или органични тела на природата под действието на живите организми и микроорганизми, особено бактерии и групата на микроскопичните гъби. БИОЛОГИЧНОТО РАЗНООБРАЗИЕ - Терминът биоразнообразие описва пълната гама от вариабилност на живите организми в екологичен комплекс. Биоразнообразието включва екосистема и генетичното разнообразие на видовете в тази екосистема. Биологичното разнообразие е променливостта в сухоземните организми, морските, континенталните и водните екологични комплекси, това включва вътревидовото и междувидовото разнообразие и разнообразието в екосистемата. БИОТИЧНИ ФАКТОРИ - живи същества и техните продукти в определен ареал; БИОСФЕРА - всички екосистеми и живите същества в геосферата, че съдържаща живот. РЕЗЕРВАТИ - защитени територии, които запазват пълнотата, функционалността и другите природни качества на екосистемите.Резерватите способстват за регенерирането на основните ресурси нa биосферата; БИОТОПИ - всички абиотични фактори, присъстващи в жилищна площ, която гарантира наличието на общност от същества; ПЕТРОЛНО ПЕТНО - случайно появило се петролно петно на повърхността на водата. 157

ИГЛОЛИСТНИ ГОРИ - /понякога се наричат и северни/ е преобладаваща растителност зона с дървесна (дървета и храсти) и голосеменна растителност (дървета, борове). Тя е широко разпространена в субарктическите, умерените и субтропичните райони. ЗАМЪРСЕН ВЪЗДУХ - въздух, съдържащ замърсители особено опасни (радиоактивни, токсични газове, микроорганизми, патогенни и т.н.) за развитието на живота. Той присъства особено в градските и индустриални райони. Той се характеризира с високи концентрации на замърсители, които причиняват неблагоприятно въздействие върху живите същества; ЦИРКУЛАЦИЯ - биогеохимична циркулация на химикали от околната среда в живите организми и от тях отново в околната среда. ОБЕЗЛЕСЯВАНЕ - пълно изсичане на горите върху дадена повърхност. Нерационалното обезлесяване води до големи дисбаланси в природата вследствие на което се променя режима на валежите, движението на въздушните течения, както и се появява деградация и ерозия на почвата; наличие на наводнения. ДЕНДРОЛОГИЯ - клон на ботаниката, която се занимава с изучаването на дървесни растения (дървета и храсти). Трябва да бъдат изградени повече екосистеми, като гори, паркове и градини. ОТКРИВАНЕ НА ЗАМЪРСИТЕЛИ - процес на идентификация на околната среда. Използва се специално оборудване, за да се открие наличието на замърсители и вредни лъчения, както и да се определи тяхната концентрация в различни среди; ПРЕПАРАТ - органични химикали, използвани за почистване на различни материали. Това е един от важните замърсители на водата в природата; 158

ЕКОЛОГИЧНА ВЪЗРАСТ - възраст на населението в една екосистема от възпроизводство; ЕКОЛОГИЧНИ ОСОБЕНОСТИ - всички морфологични или физиологични особености на организмите, населението или биоценозите корелация с факторите на околната среда. Природни бедствия - природен феномен, който се появява за кратко време, но с мощни разрушителни компоненти на биосферата (земетресения, наводнения, вулканични изригвания, урагани, тайфуни). ЕКОЛОГИЧНИ ФАКТОРИ - всички абиотични фактори (температура, светлина, валежи, налягане и т.н...) и биотични (Паразити, вредителите и т.н.), в рамките на които един организъм влиза в контакт с друг организъм. ЕКОЛОГИЯ - синтетична биологична наука, която изучава връзките между организмите и тяхната среда. Тази наука се състои от всички фактори на околната среда (абиотични и биотични), както и от структурата, производителността и функцията на биологичните системи. Терминът е създаден през 1866 г. от немския зоолог Ернст Хекел. ЕКОСФЕРА - общ термин, който обхваща живия свят и всички земни площи, които са дом на съществата (атмосфера, хидросфера, литосфера горен). ЕКОСИСТЕМА - голяма или малка част от биосферата, която се състои от един жив елемент, като растения и животни (биоценоза), и един неодушевен (биотопи), намиращи се в постоянно взаимодействие. Терминът е създаден от английския ботаник А. Taнс през 1935 година. Всички екосистеми на планетата образуват биосферата.

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СТАБИЛНОСТ НА ЕКОСИСТЕМАТА - състояние на екосистемата, при което за определен период от време биоценозата не се променя. ЗАМЪРСЯВАНЕ НА ОКОЛНАТА СРЕДА - процес на промяна на физичните, химичните и биологичните фактори в резултат на пряко или непряко влияние на природните и антропогенните екологични фактори. Получава се вследствие на неправилното използване на условията на живот, промяната на климата в природните екосистеми, човешката намеса и т.н. Вероятно тези промени са причинени от вулканични изригвания, земетресения, наводнения, циклони, земетресения, пожари, ерозия поради водата и вятъра, замърсители, неправилна употреба, обезлесяване, ловни и риболовни ирационални, ядрени опити и войни. ОПАЗВАНЕ НА ОКОЛНАТА СРЕДА - всички действия, предприети от хората, за да се запази екологичното равновесие, поддържането и подобряването на качеството на природните фактори, развитието на материалните и духовните условия на живот, осигуряващи настоящите и бъдещите поколения. Вследствие на човешкото въздействие върху биосферата в големи региони на земното кълбо са нанесени големи щети на екосистемите, като изчерпване на почвата и сладководните ресурси и изчезването на множество растителни и животински видове. Опазване на околната среда сега се е превърнало в неотложен проблем и политика на всички страни. ШИРОКОЛИСТНА ГОРА – доминират широколистните дървета. Срещат се, както в умерените зони и в субтропичните, така и в тропичните. ВРЕДЕН - способност на химикали или физически ефекти (дим, газ, прах, миризми, шум, вибрации и т.н.). 160

Те стават вредни за хората и за другите живи същества, когато надвишават определена граница на концентрация. УСЛОВИЯ НА ЖИВОТ - съвкупност от физически, химически и биологични фактори на дадено място, с които съществата имат контакт (температура, влажност на въздуха, почвата, водата, наземна магнетизма, пейзаж, органи и др.). ЗАЩИТА НА ПРИРОДАТА - клон на приложната екология. Основна цел да опазва и съхранява естествените популации, типични за всеки отделен регион, като формира перфектен биологичен баланс. В тази система се включват проблеми, възникващи в природните резервати, където флората и фауната са защитени. ПРИРОДНИ РЕСУРСИ - това е част от природната среда, почвата, водата, флората, фауната, минералните богатства и човешката популация. ОЗОН - газoв слой над Земята с UV абсорбиращa роля; ЗАМЪРСИТЕЛИ - твърди, течни или газообразни горива, извлечени от човешки дейности и разпръснати във въздуха, водата или почвата , в качеството на вредни вещества за живите организми , стоки , произведения на изкуството и т.н. НАТРУПВАНЕ НА ЗАМЪРСИТЕЛИ - феномен на натрупване на замърсители във водата, въздуха, почвата и живите организми чрез многократно приемане на вредни въздействия и вещества, като животът в големите градове, замърсители от промишлени дейности, транспорт,отпадъци, както и пестициди. ЗАМЪРСЯВАЩИ ЕМИСИИ - емисиите cа твърди, течни или газообразни вредни животински и растителни организми, включително и човека, от различни източници, най-вече промишлени. 161

ЗАМЪРСЕН РАЙОН - място, където са налице прекомерно нарастващи замърсители (идващи от един или повече източници) с концентрация над законовата граница или определена от нормативни документи. СМОГ – газ, съдържащ замърсяващи продукти, разположен над определена област(град, село,промишлено предприятие). ЗАМЪРСЯВАНЕ - разваляне на биотични и абиотични среди на живот и собственост, създадена от хора, причинени главно от отпадъци от човешката дейност, независимо дали са от битови, селскостопански, промишлени и така нататък, както и в резултат на природни явления. ФИТОПЛАНКТОН - растение компонент на планктон, който се намира в горния слой на водата. РЕЦИКЛИРАНЕ – разделяне, събиране и преработка на отпадъци, които се използват като изходна суровина за производството. КАЧЕСТВО НА ЖИВОТ - всички физически и социално-културни условия (средна чистота на живота, вода, ниво на въздуха, почвата, ландшафтното устройство на населените места и така нататък). С течение на времето понятието екологично чист трябва да се възприеме, тъй като то гарантира оцеляването на човешкия род. СМЯНА НА СЕЗОНИТЕ - променливият ритъм на сезоните е свързан с живота. САМОРЕГУЛИРАНЕ способността екосистемата да се саморегулира, при което биоценозния състав да остане непроменен. СМОГ - мъгла, която се формира над градове и индустриални региони в гореща и влажна среда. ДИМ - замърсител на въздуха, образуван от изгорели газове и неизгорели твърди частици (сажди, катран, 162

пепел и т.н.), който е под формата на облак от сиво до черно. При хранителната верига всички връзки би трябвало да са установени между различните животни, които търсят и получават храна. Например, хранителната верига: гъсеница-пиле-лисица, или водорасли-рибачовек. ОТПАДЪЧНИ ВОДИ - вода от промишлени и домакински дейности, които включват различни елементи или химикали, вредни патогени (вируси, бактерии, насекоми, яйца или ларви и др.). ПРЕЧИСТВАНЕ НА ВОДАТА – процес на отстраняване на органични и неорганични вещества от състава на естествени или отпадъчни води. Процесът се извършва в механични, химични и биологични пречиствателни станции.

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Green Dictionary Second Part for Teachers: Czech republic ABIOTIC FACTORS, ABIOTICKÉ FAKTORY environmental factors lifeless; ACCLIMATIZATION – AKLIMATIZACE complex physiological process due to which a species (population) is to conduct normal living in different climatic conditions from those in which the species that is adapted; ADAPTATION – ADAPTACE character expression quantitative change under the influence of ecological factors; AEROBE- AEROBNÍ body, to live, needs free molecular oxygen (from air or dissolved in water); AIR POLLUTION – ZNEČIŠTĚNÍ OVZDUŠÍ air containing pollutants in concentrations that cause harm or cause discomfort. It is found in large cities. Because of this, the entire human environment is changed, as that city the population lives; AGGRESSIVENESS POLLUTANTS – AGRESIVNĚ ZNEČIŠŤUJÍCÍ term used in ecology to describe the action of a pollutant or pollutants complex in certain environmental conditions produce excessive harm bodies or property; ANAEROBIC-ANAEROBNÍ organism able to live freely in the absence of molecular oxygen; AREAL- PROSTOR occupied territory of one species; AQUIFER- KOLEKTOR canvas or underground water level. Aquifers can be polluted by infiltration from the surface soil or landfills. Groundwater pollution is a major environmental problem because ecological restoration is very expensive, requiring complex and long time steps. 164

BIOCENOSIS – BIOCENÓZA living component of an ecosystem representing a unitary and complex community of plants and animals. Among the creatures that make up a biocenosis, and between them and their living environment, (biotype), there are well established interaction relationships that ensure that the system functions; BIODEGRADATION – BIODEGRADACE decomposition process elements, substances, objects or organic bodies of nature under the action of living organisms and microorganisms especially bacteria and microscopic fungi group. BIODIVERSITY- BIODIVERZITA The term biodiversity describes the full range of variability of living organisms in an ecological complex. Biodiversity includes ecosystem diversity and genetic diversity of a species in this ecosystem. Biodiversity is variability in terrestrial organisms, marine, continental and aquatic ecological complexes, this includes intraspecific and interspecific diversity, and ecosystems diversity. BIOTIC FACTORS- BIOTICKÉ FAKTORY living things or their byproducts in a particular habitat; BIOSPHERE – BIOSFÉRA all ecosystems and living beings in the geosphere that containing life; BIOSPHERE RESERVES, BIOSFÉRICKÉ ZÁSOBY protected areas that preserve completeness, functionality and other natural qualities of ecosystems, which by their existence continues to contribute to the regeneration of the fundamental resources of the biosphere; BIOTOPE- BIOTOP all abiotic factors present in a living space that ensures the existence of a community of creatures.

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BLACK TIDE – ROPNÁ SKVRNA accidentally arrived oil film on the water surface and ocean marine, floating in a shorter or longer, until it airs in the seaside; CONIFEROUS FORESTS, JEHLIČNATÉ LESY boreal forest sometimes called) is the predominant vegetation zone arboreal vegetation (trees and shrubs) and gymnosperms (trees, pines). It is widespread in subarctic areas, temperate and subtropical. CONTAMINATED AIR – KONTAMINOVANÉ OVZDUŠÍ air containing pollutants particularly dangerous (radioactive, toxic gases, microorganisms pathogenic etc.) for the development of life. It is present especially in urban and industrial agglomerations. It is characterized by high concentrations of pollutants that cause adverse effects on living creatures; CYCLE CYKLUS biogeochemical-circulation a chemical in the environment in living organisms and of these again, in the environment; DEFORESTATION – ODLESŇOVÁNÍ complete removal of forests on a surface. Irrational deforestation lead to large imbalances in nature by changing rain fall regime, the movement of air currents through degradation and soil erosion, the occurrence of floods. DENDROLOGY – DENDROLOGIE the branch of botany that deals with the study of woody plants (trees and shrubs). On data from this research builds structures of natural ecosystems (forests) and the human (parks, gardens); DETECTION OF POLLUTANTS – DETEKCE ZNEČIŠŤUJÍCÍCH LÁTEK identification process environment, using special equipment, the presence of pollutants and harmful radiation and determining their concentration in different environments; 166

DETERGENT – ČISTICÍ PROSTŘEDEK organic chemicals used in cleaning various materials. Is one of the important water pollutants in nature; ECOLOGICAL AGE- EKOLOGICKÉ STÁŘÍ age of the populations in an ecosystem by reproduction; ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS - EKOLOGICKÉ CHARAKTERISTIKY all morphological or physiological characteristics of an organism, population or biocenosis correlated with environmental factors as they develop; Natural disasters - natural phenomenon of short-acting but powerful destructive components of the biosphere (earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, typhoons); ECOLOGICAL FACTORS – EKOLOGICKÉ FAKTORY all abiotic factors (temperature, light, precipitation, pressure, etc..) and biotic (Parasites, pests and so on) with which an organism comes into contact with each other is interrelated; ECOLOGY – EKOLOGIE synthetic biological science studying the excellent connections that occur between organisms and their environment, composed of all environmental factors (abiotic and biotic) and structure, productivity, function and biological systems. The term was created in 1866 by German zoologist Ernst Haeckel; ECOSPHERE – EKOSFÉRA a generic term that encompasses the living world and all land areas that are home to creatures (atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere upper); ECOSYSTEM – EKOSYSTÉM large or small fragment of the biosphere consists of a living component, represented by plants and animals (biocenosis) and one inanimate (biotype), forming an integrated, permanently interaction. 167

The term was created by English botanist A. Tans in 1935. All ecosystems on the planet, forming the biosphere; ECOSYSTEM STABILITY- STABILITA EKOSYSTÉMU state ecosystem that changes one periode biocoenosis not suffer long time; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION – ZHORŠENÍ ŽIVOTNÍHO PROSTŘEDÍ the process of altering the physical, chemical and biological environment as a result of direct or indirect influence of natural and anthropogenic ecological factors. Has the effect of improper use of environmental conditions of life change natural ecosystems, human disturbance in this activity, emerging diseases, etc.. May be caused by volcanic eruptions, floods, cyclones, earthquakes, fires, erosion due to water and wind, pollutants, misuse, deforestation, hunting and fishing irrational, nuclear experiments, wars, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION – OCHRANA ŽIVOTNÍHO PROSTŘEDÍ all actions taken by humans to preserve ecological balance, maintaining and improving the quality of natural factors, the development of the material and spiritual living conditions ensuring current and future generations. Human action on the biosphere has resulted in large regions of the globe extensive damage to ecosystems, the depletion of soil and freshwater resources and disappearance of numerous plant and animal species. Environmental protection has now become urgent policy problem for all countries; HARDWOOD- TVRDÉ DŘEVO dominated vegetation zone arboreal vegetation and angiosperms. It is present both in temperate zones and in the subtropical and tropical; HARMFUL – ŠKODLIVÝ the ability of chemicals or physical effects (smoke, gas, dust, odors, noise, vibrations, 168

etc..) Becoming harmful to humans and other creatures, when exceeding a certain limit of concentration, intensity respectively; MEDIUM – PROSTŘEDÍ totality of physical, chemical, and biological weather in a given location, with a body comes into contact (temperature, humidity, soil, water, terrestrial magnetism, landscape, bodies etc.). NATURE PROTECTION – OCHRANA PŘÍRODY branch of applied ecology, with the main objective the preservation and conservation of natural populations typical of any particular region that forms perfect biological balance in preserving local. In this framework include problems creating natural reserves, where the landscape is strictly protected flora and fauna; NATURAL RESOURCES – PŘÍRODNÍ ZDROJE all part of the natural environment, the soil, water, flora, fauna, mineral riches of the subsoil human populations; OZONE-gas blanket above the Earth with UV absorbing role; POLLUTANTS – ZNEČIŠŤUJÍCÍ LÁTKY produced solid, liquid or gaseous fuels derived from human activities and dispersed into the air, water or soil, acting harmful to living organisms, goods, works of art, landscape and so on; POLLUTANTS ACCUMULATING – AKUMULACE ZNEČIŠŤUJÍCÍCH LÁTEK a phenomenon of accumulation of pollutants in water, air, soil and living organisms by repeated intake of their time. Life in major media, pollutants from industrial activities, transportation, waste, and pesticides; POLLUTANT EMISSION, ZNEČIŠŤUJÍCÍ EMISE emission of solid, liquid or gaseous harmful animal and vegetable organisms, including man, from various sources, mostly industrial 169

POLLUTED AREA – ZAMOŘENÉ ÚZEMÍ a place where there is a growing excessive pollutants (coming from one or more sources) concentration exceeding the legal limit or fixed by regulations. POLLUTED MIST CAPS – ZAMOŘENÉ MLHOVÉ ČEPICE gas cluster characteristic form, containing polluting products, located above a certain area (city, village, industrial enterprise). POLLUTION – ZNEČIŠTĚNÍ spoilage of biotic and abiotic environments of life and property created by humans, mainly caused by waste from human activities, whether of domestic, agricultural, industrial and so on, as well as due to natural phenomena; PHYTOPLANKTON- FYTOPLANKTON plant component of plankton in the upper layer of water; RECYCLING- RECYKLACE separation, and collection and processing waste for use as feedstock in the manufacture of us; QUALITY OF LIFE – KVALITA ŽIVOTA all natural and socio-cultural conditions (average purity of life, water, air, soil, landscape development level of human settlements and so on). Environmentally friendly, this concept must be integrated over time by ensuring permanence and perpetuation of the human species. RATE SEASONAL- SEZÓNNÍ MÍRA related life alternating rhythm of seasons; SELF-REGULATING- AUTOREGULACE regulating oneself or itself; ability to regulate ecosystem biocenosis composition to remain constant; SMOG- SMOG fog that forms over cities and industrial regions in the hot and humid environment of substances emitted;

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SMOKE – KOUŘ air pollutant formed by the combustion gases and unburned solid particles (soot, tar, ash etc.) Which is in the form of a cloud gray to black; Part of the biotope habitats occupied by an individual or a population; Food chain, all links established between different animals search and obtain the food. For example, food chain: caterpillar-chicken-fox, or algae-fish-man; WASTE WATER – ODPADOVÁ VODA water from industrial processes and household activities, which include different elements or chemicals harmful pathogens (viruses, bacteria, insect eggs or larvae etc.). WATER TREATMENT – ÚPRAVA VODY surgery for removal from natural waters or waste organic and inorganic materials dissolved or suspended, to bring them to a quality of purpose. It is performed by mechanical, chemical and biological wastewater treatment plants within.

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Green Dictionary Second Part for Teachers: Italy ABIOTIC FACTORS, FATTORI ABIOTICI environmental factors lifeless; ACCLIMATIZATION – ACCLIMATIZZAZIONE complex physiological process due to which a species (population) is to conduct normal living in different climatic conditions from those in which the species that is adapted; ADAPTATION – ADATTAMMENTO character expression quantitative change under the influence of ecological factors; AEROBE- AEROBICO body, to live, needs free molecular oxygen (from air or dissolved in water); AIR POLLUTION – INQUINAMENTO ATMOSFERICO air containing pollutants in concentrations that cause harm or cause discomfort. It is found in large cities. Because of this, the entire human environment is changed, as that city the population lives; AGGRESSIVENESS POLLUTANTS – INQUINANTI VIRULENTI - term used in ecology to describe the action of a pollutant or pollutants complex in certain environmental conditions produce excessive harm bodies or property; ANAEROBIC- ANAEROBICO organism able to live freely in the absence of molecular oxygen; AREAL- DELL'AREA occupied territory of one species; AQUIFER- LIVELLO DELLE ACQUE MARINE canvas or underground water level. Aquifers can be polluted by infiltration from the surface soil or landfills. Groundwater pollution is a major environmental problem because ecological restoration is very expensive, requiring complex and long time steps. 172

BIOCENOSIS – BIOCINESI living component of an ecosystem representing a unitary and complex community of plants and animals. Among the creatures that make up a biocenosis, and between them and their living environment, (biotype), there are well established interaction relationships that ensure that the system functions; BIODEGRADATION – BIODEGRADAZIONE decomposition process elements, substances, objects or organic bodies of nature under the action of living organisms and microorganisms especially bacteria and microscopic fungi group. BIODIVERSITY- BIODIVERSTÀ The term biodiversity describes the full range of variability of living organisms in an ecological complex. Biodiversity includes ecosystem diversity and genetic diversity of a species in this ecosystem. Biodiversity is variability in terrestrial organisms, marine, continental and aquatic ecological complexes, this includes intraspecific and interspecific diversity, and ecosystems diversity. BIOTIC FACTORS- FATTORI BIOTICI living things or their byproducts in a particular habitat; BIOSPHERE – BIOSFERA- all ecosystems and living beings in the geosphere that containing life; BIOSPHERE RESERVES, RISERVE DELLA BIOSFERA protected areas that preserve completeness, functionality and other natural qualities of ecosystems, which by their existence continues to contribute to the regeneration of the fundamental resources of the biosphere; BIOTOPE- Biotipo all abiotic factors present in a living space that ensures the existence of a community of creatures; 173

BLACK TIDE – MAREA NERA accidentally arrived oil film on the water surface and ocean marine, floating in a shorter or longer, until it airs in the seaside; CONIFEROUS FORESTS, -FORESTE DI CONIFERE boreal forest sometimes called) is the predominant vegetation zone arboreal vegetation (trees and shrubs) and gymnosperms (trees, pines). It is widespread in subarctic areas, temperate and subtropical. CONTAMINATED AIR – AREA CONTAMINATA air containing pollutants particularly dangerous (radioactive, toxic gases, microorganisms pathogenic etc.) for the development of life. It is present especially in urban and industrial agglomerations. It is characterized by high concentrations of pollutants that cause adverse effects on living creatures; CYCLE -CICLO biogeochemical-circulation a chemical in the environment in living organisms and of these again, in the environment; DEFORESTATION – DEFORESTAZIONE complete removal of forests on a surface. Irrational deforestation lead to large imbalances in nature by changing rain fall regime, the movement of air currents through degradation and soil erosion, the occurrence of floods. DENDROLOGY – DENDROLOGIA the branch of botany that deals with the study of woody plants (trees and shrubs). On data from this research builds structures of natural ecosystems (forests) and the human (parks, gardens); DETECTION OF POLLUTANTS – RILEVAMENTO DEGLI ELEMENTI INQUINANTI identification process environment, using special equipment, the presence of pollutants and harmful radiation and determining their concentration in different environments; 174

DETERGENT – DETERGENTI ORGANIC organic chemicals used in cleaning various materials. Is one of the important water pollutants in nature; ECOLOGICAL AGE- ETÀ ECOLOGICA age of the populations in an ecosystem by reproduction; ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS CARATTERISTUCHE ECOLOGICHE all morphological or physiological characteristics of an organism, population or biocenosis correlated with environmental factors as they develop; NATURAL DISASTERS - LE CATASTROFI NATURALI NATURAL natural phenomenon of short-acting but powerful destructive components of the biosphere (earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, typhoons); ECOLOGICAL FACTORS – FATTORI ECOLOGICI all abiotic factors (temperature, light, precipitation, pressure, etc..) and biotic (Parasites, pests and so on) with which an organism comes into contact with each other is interrelated; ECOLOGY – ECOLOGIA synthetic biological science studying the excellent connections that occur between organisms and their environment, composed of all environmental factors (abiotic and biotic) and structure, productivity, function and biological systems. The term was created in 1866 by German zoologist Ernst Haeckel; ECOSPHERE – ECOSFERA a generic term that encompasses the living world and all land areas that are home to creatures (atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere upper); ECOSYSTEM – ECOSISTEMA large or small fragment of the biosphere consists of a living component, represented by plants and animals (biocenosis) and one inanimate 175

(biotype), forming an integrated, permanently interaction. The term was created by English botanist A. Tans in 1935. All ecosystems on the planet, forming the biosphere; ECOSYSTEM STABILITYSTABILITÀ DELL'ECOSISTEMA state ecosystem that changes one periode biocoenosis not suffer long time; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION – DEGRADO AMBIENTALE the process of altering the physical, chemical and biological environment as a result of direct or indirect influence of natural and anthropogenic ecological factors. Has the effect of improper use of environmental conditions of life change natural ecosystems, human disturbance in this activity, emerging diseases, etc.. May be caused by volcanic eruptions, floods, cyclones, earthquakes, fires, erosion due to water and wind, pollutants, misuse, deforestation, hunting and fishing irrational, nuclear experiments, wars, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION – PROTEZIONE AMBIENTALE all actions taken by humans to preserve ecological balance, maintaining and improving the quality of natural factors, the development of the material and spiritual living conditions ensuring current and future generations. Human action on the biosphere has resulted in large regions of the globe extensive damage to ecosystems, the depletion of soil and freshwater resources and disappearance of numerous plant and animal species. Environmental protection has now become urgent policy problem for all countries; HARDWOOD- LEGNO MASSICCIO dominated vegetation zone arboreal vegetation and angiosperms. It is present both in temperate zones and in the subtropical and tropical;

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HARMFUL – NOCIVO the ability of chemicals or physical effects (smoke, gas, dust, odors, noise, vibrations, etc..) Becoming harmful to humans and other creatures, when exceeding a certain limit of concentration, intensity respectively; MEDIUM – MEZZO-totality of physical, chemical, and biological weather in a given location, with a body comes into contact (temperature, humidity, soil, water, terrestrial magnetism, landscape, bodies etc.). NATURE PROTECTION – PROTEZIONE DELLA NATURA branch of applied ecology, with the main objective the preservation and conservation of natural populations typical of any particular region that forms perfect biological balance in preserving local. In this framework include problems creating natural reserves, where the landscape is strictly protected flora and fauna; NATURAL RESOURCES – RISORSE NATURALI all part of the natural environment, the soil, water, flora, fauna, mineral riches of the subsoil human populations; OZONE- OZONO gas blanket above the Earth with UV absorbing role; POLLUTANTS – INQUINANTI -produced solid, liquid or gaseous fuels derived from human activities and dispersed into the air, water or soil, acting harmful to living organisms, goods, works of art, landscape and so on; POLLUTANTS ACCUMULATING – ACCUMULO DI INQUINANTI - a phenomenon of accumulation of pollutants in water, air, soil and living organisms by repeated intake of their time. Life in major media, pollutants from industrial activities, transportation, waste, and pesticides; POLLUTANT EMISSION, EMISSIONI INQUINANTI emission of solid, liquid or gaseous harmful animal and 177

vegetable organisms, including man, from various sources, mostly industrial POLLUTED AREA – AREA INQUINATA a place where there is a growing excessive pollutants (coming from one or more sources) concentration exceeding the legal limit or fixed by regulations. POLLUTED MIST CAPS – MASSA DI GAS INQUINANTI gas cluster characteristic form, containing polluting products, located above a certain area (city, village, industrial enterprise). POLLUTION – INQUINAMENTO- spoilage of biotic and abiotic environments of life and property created by humans, mainly caused by waste from human activities, whether of domestic, agricultural, industrial and so on, as well as due to natural phenomena; PHYTOPLANKTON- FITOPLANCTON - plant component of plankton in the upper layer of water; RECYCLING- RICICLAGGIO - separation, and collection and processing waste for use as feedstock in the manufacture of us; QUALITY OF LIFE – QUALITÀ DELLA VITA - all natural and socio-cultural conditions (average purity of life, water, air, soil, landscape development level of human settlements and so on). Environmentally friendly, this concept must be integrated over time by ensuring permanence and perpetuation of the human species. RATE SEASONAL- RITMO STAGIONALE -related life alternating rhythm of seasons; SELF-REGULATING- AUTO-REGOLAZIONE regulating oneself or itself; ability to regulate ecosystem biocenosis composition to remain constant;

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SMOG- SMOG fog that forms over cities and industrial regions in the hot and humid environment of substances emitted; SMOKE â&#x20AC;&#x201C; FUMO - air pollutant formed by the combustion gases and unburned solid particles (soot, tar, ash etc.) Which is in the form of a cloud gray to black; Part of the biotope habitats occupied by an individual or a population; Food chain, all links established between different animals search and obtain the food. For example, food chain: caterpillar-chicken-fox, or algae-fish-man; WASTE WATER - ACQUA DI SCARICO - water from industrial processes and household activities, which include different elements or chemicals harmful pathogens (viruses, bacteria, insect eggs or larvae etc.). WATER TREATMENT â&#x20AC;&#x201C; TRATTAMENTO DELLE ACQUE- surgery for removal from natural waters or waste organic and inorganic materials dissolved or suspended, to bring them to a quality of purpose. It is performed by mechanical, chemical and biological wastewater treatment plants within.

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BIBLIOGRAFIE 1. Aurora Mihail, Gheorghe Mohan,2005,Biologie-Manual pentru clasa a 8-a, Ministerul Educatiei si Cercetarii,Ed. All 2.Violeta Copil, Ioan Darabaneanu,Dumitru Copilu, 2001, Biologie-Manual pentru clasa a 8-a, Ministerul Educatiei si Cercetarii,Ed. All 3. http://www.didactic.ro/materiale-didactice/8933_micdictionar-ecologic 4. www.valeacernei.com/dictionar.html 5. www.bitpress.ro, Padurile din balcani amenintate de proiecte imobiliare si defrisari 6. www.fantom-xp.com, Egypt desert 7. sosbiodiversitatea.hi2.ro/dictionar_-_eco.html 8. pepinierarobinia.blogspot.com 9.www.copacul de hartie.ro

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