etapi gamovyoT. am gzaze „elizas“ Seqmna erT-erTi mniSvnelovani nabijia. 1966 wels, ioseb vaizenbaumma adamianTan mosaubre programa _ „eliza“ Seqmna. mecnierma saxeli bernard Sous piesa „pigmalionidan“ isesxa. piesas filmi „Cemi mSvenieri ledi“ mohyva. siuJeturad profesori higinsi cdilobs ubralo meyvavile gogonas, eliza dulits, romelsac mdabio adamianis metyveleba da Sesabamisi qceva axasiaTebs, sazogadoebaSi qcevis normebi da swori gamoTqma-saubari aswavlos. vaizenbaumma programas sworad saubari `aswavla~, magram igi literaturuli prototipisgan mainc gansxvavdeboda _ `individi~ ar iyo. eliza mosaubris teqstSi sakvanZo sityvaze dayrdnobiT warmarTavda saubars. magaliTad momxmarebels elizasTvis rom ekiTxa: „romeli musikaluri nawarmoebi mogwons?“ SeiZleba pasuxad mieRo: „da Tqven Tavad romels irCevT?~ `pari~: ganviTarebis Semdeg etapad SeiZleba `pari~ CaiTvalos, romelic 1972 wels fsiqiatrma kenet kolbim Seqmna. `pari~, `elizasgan~ gansxvavebiT, hiperindividualuri iyo. imdenad, rom mas paranoiduri SizofreniiT daavadebulsac adarebdnen. `paris~ testirebisTvis gamocdilma fsiqiatrebma turingis modificirebuli testi gamoiyenes. `parisa~ da realur pacientebs Soris Semdgari dialogis stenogramuli Canaweri 33 fsiqiatrisgan Semdgar jgufs gadasces, romelTac unda daesaxelebinaT pacientTagan romeli iyo realuri adamiani da romeli kompiuteruli programa. Sedegi moulodneli aRmoCnda. sworma pasuxma mxolod 48% Seadgina.
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ELIZA: We can differentiate between a number of stages on the path to the creation of the linguistic signature of humans, or of artificial intelligence. The creation of ELIZA is one of the most important steps on this path. In 1966, Joseph Weizenbaum created ELIZA, a program that could talk with humans. The scientist borrowed the name from Bernard Shaw’s play ‘Pygmalion.’ The play was followed by the film My Fair Lady. According to the story, Professor Higgins tries to teach the norms of public conduct and correct speech to an ordinary flower girl, Eliza Doolittle, who is characterized by a lower mode of speech and the corresponding behavior. Weizenbaum “taught” the program to speak correctly but it was still different from its literary prototype in that it was not an “individual.” ELIZA conducted dialog based on keywords in the interlocutor’s text. For example, if a user were to ask ELIZA, “which musical work do you like?” the answer may have been “and which one do you prefer yourself?” PARRY: PARRY can be considered to have been the next stage in the development of the process, created by psychiatrist Kenneth Colby in 1972. In contrast to Eliza, PARRY was hyper-individualistic, to the extent that it was compared to a sufferer of paranoid schizophrenia. Experienced psychiatrists used a modified Turing Test for PARRY whereby a transcript of a dialog between PARRY and real patients was presented to a group of 33 psychiatrists, who had to determine who were real people, and which one was the computer program. The result was unexpected. Only 48% gave the correct answer. The Chinese Room: An experiment by the American scientist John Rogers Searle cast doubt on Turing’s opinions. Searle argued that the only way in which a computer can pass the Turing Test was by manipulating symbols unknown to it...