HUMAN crossroads between ethnicities
CONTENTS
IN BLOOM
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PORCELAIN BEAUTY
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TRUE COLORS
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PLEASANT ANOMALY
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THINK BACK
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IN BLOOM
We may live in different nations, but we all happen to live on the same Earth. Human beings live in the realm of nature, so they are constantly surrounded by it and interact with it. The most intimate part of nature in relation to humankind is the biosphere, the thin envelope embracing the earth, its soil cover, and everything else that is alive. Our environment, although outside us, has within us not only its image, as something both actually and imaginatively reflected, but also its material energy and information channels and processes. This presence of nature in an ideal, materialised, energy and
information form in human being’s selves is so organic that when these external natural principles disappear, humankind itself disappears from life. This is why we should always be in unity with nature, otherwise the balance between it and humankind would be upset. We should be aware of the influence of nature in the form of the air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat. Our behaviour should be guided by a code of ethics and respect, which is to be derived from the consideration of the fact that abusing of the planet’s resources only leads to the wrecking of our home.
Spring comes along and as the flowers blossom, so do our lovely smiles
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ALONE 6
WALDEINSAMKEIT Picture this: you’re alone, deep into a forested trail. As you walk, you follow a corridor made of pillars of ancient trees, and smell the earthy aroma of moss and damp leaves. How do you feel? It’s hard to describe, but the words which immediately come to mind are calm, peaceful, and contemplative. You feel a deep-rooted connection to the world around you, and you are reminded of the importance of our natural environment. What you’re feeling is called Waldeinsamkeit, from German Wald „forest“ and Einsamkeit „loneliness“. It could be described as “the feeling of solitude and connectedness to nature when being alone in the woods”. We often get so caught up in our own lives that the stress and responsibilities overwhelm us. That’s the perfect time to go for hikes in the woods to help us center ourselves! Taking time for yourself is never a bad thing – especially when you’re surrounded by nature.
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9 A MAN WITH LEAVES A Green Man is a sculpture or other representation of a face surrounded by or made from leaves. Some may have leaves for hair, perhaps with a leafy beard, branches or vines may sprout from the mouth, nostrils, or other parts of the face, some may bear flowers or fruit. Commonly used as a decorative architectural ornament as foliate heads or foliate masks, Green Men are frequently
found in carvings on both secular and ecclesiastical buildings. The Green Man motif has many variations, but it is primarily interpreted as a symbol of rebirth, representing the cycle of growth each spring. Perhaps due to his grotesque aspect, the face is almost always male; green women are rare.
俳 句 ROOTS When it comes to mankind and its relationship with Mother Nature, Eastern philosophy teaches us that there is no difference between them, since mankind is part of nature, and is rooted in nature itself. Therefore, there cannot be any hostility between them. On the contrary, there must always be nothing but a friendly understanding and a sympathetic communication.
HAIKU (俳句) One of the most beautiful forms of celebration of this love for Nature in literature is the haiku, a very short form of Japanese poetry that focuses on a fleeting sensation that the poet experiments in a brief moment in time. A haiku is composed of seventeen syllables arranged in three short lines. The first line contains five syllables, the second seven, then five again. In Japanese, they are traditionally printed in vertical lines while haiku in English often appear in three horizontal lines. A haiku is usually written in present tense, and it normally doesn’t rhyme. Each haiku includes a kigo, a word or
仰黄 竹 ぎな林 けるに り春 日 を
In the bamboo grove The yellow spring sunlight, I look up at it. Takahama Kyoshi
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phrase associated with a particular season to mention not only the specific moment the poem refers to, but sometimes also the moment the poem was composed. The nature of kigo may vary: they can be natural elements, animals, plants, fests or even actions such as cherry blossoms or a frog for spring, a midday nap or fireworks for summer, the moon or crickets for autumn, daffodils or cold for winter.
IN A HEARTBEAT We all have special moments in our lives. Perhaps it was the moment we gave our first kiss, or the moment we took that high school diploma or college degree in our hands. Whatever those moments were, we captured them, in a photograph, a video, or simply with a memory, so that we could recapture and share the joy, the pride, the excitement; the emotion that made that moment special. Just as we capture a special moment in our lives, haiku poetry captures a moment in time, creating and sharing the joy, the wonder, and the perhaps profound emotional experience that exists within that moment.
ADAM IN THE GARDEN OF EDEN 8 Now the Lord God had planted a garden in the east, in Eden; and there he put the man he had formed. 15 The Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it.
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EARTH 13
The Bible is definitely an interesting book, whether or not the reader is also a believer. There are really remarkable parts, like these two verses of the Genesis, where we can focus on the man and on the gift he has become, the Garden of Eden. Now, let’s shift the attention from who gave him the Garden to the Garden itself. It doesn’t matter who gave him this gift, because what this verses show us is the fact that the man has the Earth in his hand and he has the duty to protect it, to look after it, to treasure it. The man is responsible for anything that happens to the Garden, and as its gardener he has the duty to make it blossom.
INTO THE WILD Christopher J. McCandless was a joung man from a wealthy family who grew up in a rich suburb of Washington DC. In the summer of 1990, after a degree (with honors) in history and anthropology, he decided to drop everything -his family, his money and his name- to experience authentic life in Alaska’s wilderness. This is how he started this pilgrimage, under the name of
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Alexander Supertramp. He crossed the United States on the margins of society, embracing civil disobedience of state laws and living off his own means to continue on
15 his journey. Two years later, on 28 April 1992, the journey led him to the Stampede Trail in Denali National park, in the heart of Alaska’s taiga. There he spent over three months completely alone in the wilderness, sleeping in an abandoned bus, which he called Magic Bus, and feeding on small animals, edible plants and berries. He wasn’t naïve: he knew that the journey to Alaska would be full of hurdles and
peril, but such hardships were necessary. He didn’t want to flee civilization for good, but only stay away for a while in order to be reborn, like a rite of passage.
PORCELAIN BEAUTY
Not only humans, but also animals and even plants can have albinism, a condition that gives living beings a kind of pale appearance. For now, let’s set the focus on humans: for what concerns us, this inherited genetic condition reduces the amount of melanin pigmentation formed in the skin, hair and/or eyes, causing these to have an extremely light color. Albinism can occur to anyone: in the U.S., approximately one in 18,000 to 20,000 people has some type of albinism; in other parts of the world, the occurrence can be as high as one in 3,000. Therefore, people with albinism are born in all ethnic groups
throughout the world, independently of the ethnicity of their parents. In fact, most children with albinism are born to parents who have ordinary hair and eye color for their ethnic backgrounds. We could say that this skin characteristic transcends national, religious, cultural and any other type of boundary, but the condition is often misunderstood, causing people with albinism to be at risk of isolation because “they look different”. Actually, thank goodness we all do, or else we wouldn’t have the chance to live our lives as individuals, which is a thing that is often taken for granted.
The world is painted with all the colors of light and we’re part of it
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YULIA TAITS She is the Israeli graphic designer and photographer that shook the web with her amazing photography project of albino people, carried out in 2016. This amazingly suggestive photographs of adults and children afflicted with the congenital disorder of albinism in her exhibit Porcelain Beauty are simply mesmerizing, angelic and pure. “Their unique beauty truly hypnotizes me. This beauty is so pure and amazing for me, as if it was taken from fantasies and fairytale legends. As a Photoshop artist, I have a great passion to create fantasy worlds through my work and artistry. I could say that this
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series was an amazing experience for me because I’ ve been able to create this beautiful photography without Photoshop. What transpired was pure and natural beauty.” She shot all her models on 100% white backgrounds and wearing white clothing to accentuate the whiteness of their skin tone. “All of the photographs were taken in white tones with no additional coloring. I’m excited to prove that white is not just one color! It has many tints, shades and beautiful tones.” “The world’s reaction to this project has been passionate: I didn’t expect so many views and shares. After I finished this project, I knew it was something unique but I
didn’t expect it would spread on the web so fast. In just over two days, I got thousands of e-mails from people all around the world.” Albinism affects approximately one in 17,000 people from all ethnicities. In many countries, supportive community groups for those with the disorder help albino people deal with stigmas and discrimination. In fact, Taits, who was born in Russia and immigrated to Israel in 1995, joined a local Israeli albino forum to seek out models and tell the community about her project idea. She had the idea for this project swirling in her mind for three years but she said she didn’t feel “confident enough” to take it to
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the public during that time, but in the end she set out to make her dream a reality. “While creating this photo project, I was fortunately blessed with meeting amazing people. I was highly motivated from the support of the models, their relatives and my parents to create this project. Their passion and encouragement attributes to this amazing project. I am very proud to say that I love the results this experience has brought.” Indeed, albinism affects the sexes evenly, and all ethnic groups are susceptible. My aim was simply to share the beauty of an ostracized community. My main idea is to show that everyone is equal and beautiful.”
PEARL
WHAT DID YOU CALL ME? In the albinism community, opinions vary on the use of the word albino. While some find it offensive, others feel the label carries neutral or even empowering connotations. Many people with albinism agree that their feelings depend on the context in which the word is used. The term can be derogatory when said mockingly, or it can be used innocently by someone who means no offense. Some may use the term albino proudly and
may feel empowered by taking personal ownership of one’s condition. Doing so, some find that words can no longer hurt them. Of course this is a very personal decision, and not all people with albinism feel comfortable hearing the term so, as usual, it’s always necessary to be prudent and kind. 21
PUT THE PERSON FIRST Although there are many people with albinism who are at peace with the term albino, when dealing with any condition, it’s best to put the person first. For instance, say, “a person with albinism” rather than “an albino person.” The rationale for this person-centered language is to do just that: put the person ahead of the condition. When a person is referred to as an albino, he or she is essentially being reduced to nothing more than
their condition. In this way, it can feel like a dehumanizing label. Regardless of the context, the word albino can sometimes be an ugly word to many, especially when heard unexpectedly. If you’re ever unsure, just ask. Every person with albinism will have personal experiences and opinions about the term.
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ALWAYS BLINK TWICE For some people, albinism affects only their eyes. People with ocular albinism usually have blue eyes, but the eye color can also change with age and varies from light blue to brown. In some cases the iris has very little color so a person’s eyes might look pink or red: this is caused by the blood vessels inside the eye showing through the iris. The lack of pigment prevents the iris
from fully blocking sunlight, resulting in a sensitivity to light, known as photosensitivity. Since melanin plays a vital role in the development of the retina and the optic nerve pathways, regardless of the amount of interference with melanin production, there are always problems with the visual system, such as impaired sharpness of vision and problems with depth perception (stereoscopic vision). Other eye
abnormalities associated with this condition include rapid, involuntary eye movements (nystagmus) and eyes that don’t look in the same direction (strabismus). The most common form of ocular albinism is type 1. It’s important to know that although the vision loss is permanent, it does not worsen over time, and that except for their eye problems, most people with albinism are as healthy as anybody else.
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TEENS IN WHITE What is life like for teenagers with albinism? People with albinism are just like anyone else, with the same lifespan and ability to reach their goals. But, as we know, living with any medical condition during the teen years can be difficult, and albinism is certainly no exception. Because the social scene can be more about fitting in than standing out, teens with albinism may 24
face bullying or prejudice. Furthermore, people with albinism also have very pale skin that will usually not tan and burns easily in the sun, so they may feel more frail or vulnerable than other teens. Voicing any frustration or sadness to a family member or friend who understands can help. So can talking to a counselor or therapist to get ideas on coping with the challenges that come up during the teen years.
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SWANS
THE WHITE MAN’S BURDEN The imperialist interpretation of this poem by Rudyard Kipling (1899) proposes that the “white race” is morally obligated to rule the “non-white” people, and to encourage their progress (economic, social, and cultural) through settler colonialism. This abomination takes the form of a made up duty call and sees the white man as the privileged protagonist of history, but not always people with light skin tone get to be so lucky. Individuals with albinism in sub-Saharan Africa face the most significant difficulties. A study carried out in Nigeria Trusted Source reported that they: “Experienced alienation, avoided social interactions and were less emotionally stable. Further-
more, affected individuals were less likely to complete schooling, find employment and find partners.” In some sub-Saharan countries, such as Tanzania and Burundi, people believe that individuals with albinism will bring bad luck or possess magical powers. For this reason the body parts of individuals with albinism are sought after by witch doctors. Their safety is often at risk because people kidnap and kill them: there have been numerous cases of children with albinism being murdered for profit. National Geographic estimated that in 2013, the body parts of a person with albinism could make up to $75,000. In some African countries, Tanzania and Zimbabwe particularly, some people believe that having sex with a woman with albinism cures AIDS. This false belief has led to murder, rape, and additional AIDS infections. For these and many other reasons, in 2015 the United Nations called for “urgency” in taking measure to prevent attacks on people with albinism.
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I see your
true colors
that’s why
I love you
PLEASANT ANOMALY
On June 25 2011 took place the first World Vitiligo Day (the date is a memorial to Michael Jackson). The main event occurred at Silverbird Galleria’s Artrum in Lagos, Nigeria, with the participation of several volunteers with different experiences (dermatologists, motivational speakers, dancers, artists, comedians, patients), united by the common will of spreading knowledge and awareness about vitiligo. Simultaneously, other events took place in other parts of the world, organized by local associations. When people have vitiligo, their skin never remains the same because the state of their condition depends on many
variables. For example, depending on the amount of sunlight they’re exposed to, their skin color may change. This may also happen simply because of body growth. Furthermore, a person can unexpectedly become part of the community, since vitiligo can show at any age, independently of the sex or ethnic group of the person concerned. What we need to remember is that dealing with change can be tough, so try to imagine having to deal with constant change: it must be exhausting. Let’s offer them the kindness they deserve as people, and let’s not treat them in any other different way.
Even the sharpest worlds can’t cut us down, for we are invincible
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PATCHES Vitiligo is a long-term skin condition characterized by patches of the skin losing their pigment, due to lack of melanin. It is not contagious nor life-threatening. The patches of skin affected become white and usually have sharp margins, so it is more noticeable in people with dark skin. The hair from the skin may also become white. Vitiligo can affect any area of skin on the body, but it’s more commonly found on the face, neck and hands. It affects approximately one per cent of the world’s population, and males and females are equally affected. The exact cause of vitiligo is unknown. Although multiple hypotheses have been suggested as potential triggers that cause vitiligo, various studies strongly imply that changes in the immune system are responsible for the condition. Vitiligo has been proposed to be a multifactorial disease where genetic susceptibility and environmental factors are both thought to play a role.
UN TESTIGO I knew it was going to be a problem when I just finished lunch with a friend and she said, “You have something on the side of your mouth.” I was 26, and there wasn’t any food on my mouth! It was my skin. I had been able to cover the spots on my hands, but after eating, the corners of my mouth could not be hidden. I didn’t know how to react, and with time it got much worse. I went through some stages: grief, fear, grief, anger, grief, then acceptance. And let me be clear: it’s been years of questioning and emotional struggle but this disease has become my blessing. Vitiligo can be a challenge but I have found support leading to pride for my skin. I have created a life of my own definition, and now I can’t imagine my journey any other way. I’ve become a more loving man. I’m embracing the stares and directing the attention to positive ends. So, how do I live with vitiligo? I LIVE! Oh, and by the way, I have vitiligo.
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“WHAT’S WRONG WITH YOUR SKIN?” My battlefield is in my mind. Each day I battle between how others view me and how I view myself. Although I am able to defeat most of my battles, they still affect my mind, how and what I think. In addition, being teased, feared and viewed differently by others caused a growth in compassion within me. For others who suffer from the same discrimination. I do not want people to view someone that is not “normal” as an outcast, but as a pleasant anomaly.
There was one point of time in my life where I thought to myself: if only I didn’t have vitiligo I would be “normal”. Steroids and topicals that doctors prescribed were working, but not at the rate I wanted. So during that sensitive time in my life I had the slight thought to started using makeup to cover my vitiligo. Although it was never done, I came to ponder the questions “what is normal?” and “who defines it?” . “Normal” is subjective. And the conclusion that I came to was that I may not be what others would say is normal but I’m what I would call a pleasant anomaly. I am more than enough. You are more than enough.
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SMILE
KING 38
THE KING OF POP Michael Jackson stated that he had vitiligo during an interview in 1993. He said that his skin started to change after Thriller, in 1982. He was 24, one of the most famous people on earth for his music and dancing, and he acquired a disease that started to change his appearance. That isn’t easy for anyone, but imagine a young MJ, when white spots started to appear on his hands and face. He was likely ashamed (like many people with vitiligo who aren’t constantly on camera for the world to see), and probably didn’t know what was happening. He wore makeup to help cover up the
spots, but over time he just appeared completely white, which was a big difference from earlier photos in which he had black skin. Could vitiligo do that? Yes, vitiligo can remove most, if not all, of the pigment in the skin of a person, as if it had no skin color. However it’s very rare, and it usually takes many years to do this. So it’s not likely that vitiligo alone was responsible for the significant transformation in Michael’s skin color, he was probably under a treatment to remove the remaining pigment in his skin.
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40 YVESMARK Ours is a beauty that refuses to conform, bend or break. The way our features command attention and our skin radiates a spectrum of hues makes it impossible for us to fit into society’s narrow scope of physical attractiveness. From where we sit, the possibilities are endless and deserving of praise, a sentiment that’s echoed by fashion advocate Bethann Hardison: “It’s essential
to celebrate Black beauty because popular culture has taken over the fashion and modeling industry. The black community is used to our vast beauty, but now it’s become so important that society reflects it in every medium”. It’s not acceptable fo humanity to be represented by one archetype.
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BAD MOOD Vitiligo is one of the most psychologically devastating diseases in dermatology because of the global paradigm of pigmentation as a passport to society in many cultures. Although the contrast of depigmented patches is most visible in ethnic groups with darker skin, all patients with vitiligo experience some degree of emotional devastation that is caused by the disease.
People can experience emotional stress, particularly if vitiligo develops on visible areas of the body, such as the face, hands, or arms. Physicians must have a heightened awareness of the impact of vitiligo on self-esteem and quality of life. Interventions should address dispelling myths that surround vitiligo, including the notion that vitiligo is a cosmetic disease (it’s important to spread
knowledge and information about the condition!), while offering or providing optimal therapies for repigmentation. The change in appearance caused by vitiligo can affect a person’s psychological well-being. It can be a challenge but people can find support and guidance leading eventually to pride for their skin, and the first step can just be talking to a person who can understand, maybe a relative or a friend.
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THINK BACK
We all have a body. This cocoon that carries our soul around allows us to feel the world surrounding us, whether it is through the five senses or through a 6th or even a 7th one. A body is not simply what makes us human, but what makes us, alongside some other important attributes. Who knows what kind of universe force keeps our wills together and wields within this skin walls the power of life. And the power to make a decision. And the power to make a change, because we all are supposed to change. We’re never the same, even moment to moment we’re allowed and expected to reinvent who we are. We
have this incredible power, the ability to grow up – physically, but also in a figurative way, and yet we are barely aware of what we can do. We have the power to feel emotions, that are chained to the deepest instincts of our selves. Many people feel emotions in certain parts of their bodies –stress in their neck or anxiety in their stomach, maybe happiness in their chest. We can feel “anger” as heady, top-of-body emotion, while “love” can be felt rather strongly all over. It is when we fully embrace our feelings that we can be at peace and become one with the world around us.
It’s when we’ve climbed to the top of the world that it feels good to look back
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EURYDICE Orpheus plays the lyre divinely: nothing could resist his beautiful melodies, neither enemies nor beasts. He falls in love with Eurydice, but she is bitten by a snake and dies instantly. Therefore, Orpheus decides to descend to Hades to see her. Any other mortal would have died, but he is able to pass by ghosts and even Cerberus, the three-headed dog. Hades, the god of the Greek underworld, tells him that he can take Eurydice with him but under one condition: she would have to follow him while walking out from the underworld, but he should not look back at her before coming out to the light or else he would lose her forever. He thanks the gods and leaves, but unable to hear Eurydice’s footsteps, however, he begins fearing the gods had fooled him. Only a few feet away from the exit, Orpheus loses his faith and turns to see Eurydice behind him, but her shade is whisked back among the dead, now trapped there forever.
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PUZZLES Human anatomy is amazing. We just fit together so perfectly. To be with somebody in such a way is very much a fulfilling experience. Unfortunately, after the slightest taste of this, being alone becomes something worse. The Yin and the Yang represent perfect harmony. What can one be without the other if not complete chaos? When we are together, we become something more.
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We are not quite one being, but we aren’t separate, either. We are much greater than the sum of our parts. When we are eventually pulled apart by the force of
49 cruel circumstance, we are diminished. Separately, we are less than half of what we are when we embrace so fully. Yin without Yang, Yang without Yin. We become aware of what isn’t there rather than what is. We are intensely aware of how much warmer we could be. Together, we are something more beautiful than we ever could imagine. Apart, we are smaller and more alone than ever before. Then is it for
this reason that our hands can fit together, legs seem to be made just to be entangled, arms to be wrapped around all over, bodies to curl up one next to the other?
SPIN
Hit me with your best shot
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BACKSTABBERS The Ides of March are still remembered for the murder of Julius Caesar, which took place on 15th of March 44 BC. It’s said that that morning Caesar’s wife, Calpurnia, tried to dissuade him from going to the Senate because she had seen many troubling omens, but Decimus Brutus (one of the conspirators) went to his house and urged him to attend the meeting. Caesar
trusted him and followed him to the Curia of Pompey, going out along with Marco Antonio. A slave during the way tried in vain to approach them to warn him. An oracle tried to give him a sheet with the description of what was about to happen but because of the crowd, Caesar did not read it. Caesar had recently abolished his bodyguard and when he arrived at the entrance of the Curia, even the gigantic Marco Antonio was held off by two conspirators with an excuse. So he went alone into the room and sat down as usual. While the 23 stab wounds struck him, he received each shot with great contempt of danger and fear. When he
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recognized his dear friend Junius Brutus among his murderers, he exclaimed: “Tu quoque, Brute, fili mi!” (You too, Brutus, my son!). At that point he stopped to defend himself, stayed quiet and covered himself with his tunic, delivering to the story a last act of pride, until the end. The assassination of Julius Caesar was a conspiracy of several Roman senators, notably led by Marcus Junius Brutus, Cassius
Longinus and Decimus Junius Brutus, at the end of the Roman Republic. In January 44, Caesar—who was already dictator—was named perpetual dictator by the Senate. This declaration made many senators of the conservative Optimates faction fear that Caesar wanted to overthrow the Republic and establish a monarchy; they thus decided to kill him to save the Republic. Despite the death of Caesar, the conspirators were unable to restore the institutions of the Republic, and the ramifications of the assassination led to the Liberators’ civil war and ultimately to the Principate period of the Roman Empire (from 27 BC to 284 AD).
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I GOT YOUR BACK The vertebral column, also known as the backbone or spine, is part of the axial skeleton. The vertebral column is the defining characteristic of a vertebrate in which the vertebrae are separated by intervertebral discs. The vertebral column houses the spinal canal, formed from a central hole within each vertebra to enclose and protect the spinal cord, which is part of the central nervous system. There are about 50,000 species of animals that have a vertebral column. The human vertebral column is one of the most-studied examples. In a human’s vertebral column there are normally thirty-three vertebrae; the upper twenty-four are articulating and separated from each other by intervertebral discs, and the lower nine are fused in adults, five in the sacrum and four in the coccyx. The articulating vertebrae are named according to their region of the spine. There are 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae and 5 lumbar vertebrae.
PILLAR
TO THIS DAY (LYRICS) One day, before I realized fat kids are not designed to climb trees, I fell out of a tree and bruised the right side of my body. I didn’t want to tell my grandmother about it because I was afraid I’d get in trouble for playing somewhere that I shouldn’t have been. A few days later the gym teacher noticed the bruise and I got sent to a small room with a really nice lady who asked me all kinds of questions about my life at home. I saw no reason to lie. I told her “whenever I’m sad my grandmother gives me karate chops”. When I was a kid I used to think that pork chops and karate chops were the same thing. News of this silly little story quickly spread through the school and I earned my first nickname “Pork chop”. To this day I hate pork. I’m not the only kid who grew up this way, surrounded by people who used to say that rhyme about sticks and stones as if broken bones hurt more than the names we got called.
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FLASHBACK In an explicit flashback the person is involuntarily transported back in time. To the person, it does not seem so. What they feel is experiences as if it were happening in the present. An explicit flashback involves feelings and facts. Flashbacks from early childhood are different. They do not include factual information. Until about five years of age, factual - or explicit - memory is immature. But implicit memory, the memory of an emotional state, may go back to birth. When the memory of a strong emotional state is activated, the person is exposed to an involuntarily replay of what was felt at perhaps age one or two. Since facts are not replayed, the emotions seem to belong to what is going on in the present. Implicit flashbacks from early childhood can be powerful. They can overtake a person,
and dominate his or her emotional state. Even so, the person may have no idea that what they are feeling is memory. How could they? If they cannot remember a past event that caused these feelings, the feelings naturally seem to belong to the present. The term flashback is also used to describe a particular narrative technique. A flashback is the interruption of the chronological sequence (as of a film or literary work) of an event of earlier occurrence, in which a character remembers an earlier event that happened before the current point of the story. The definition of flashback is identical to that of analepsis (from the Greek for “the act of taking up”). In some narratives, flashbacks are used not just to provide the many useful elements already mentioned above, but to also tie together a theme. When authors employ flashback
as a literary device, they break with the traditional, chronological storytelling narrative. Therefore, when the flashback is included, it will likely bring information that had not been produced previously. There will be new details that may help tie in the events taking place as part of the plot. Flashbacks can be included as a break in the narrative, or blended within the story of the characters as it happens in the style known as “stream of consciousness”. In this type of story, the narrator is the main character, and is in constant analysis of a situation speaking from his or her own point of view and using first person. Flashbacks can also come as dreams and memories, thus manifesting to the main character subconsciously. Whichever way they occur, their purpose is to add information and perhaps be the solution to the story’s main dilemma.
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CREDITS
Photography:
Format:
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano
Yvesmark Chery (cover), Yvesmark
170 x 240 mm
Faculty of Design and Art
Chery (3), Pascal B. (4), Chang Hsien (7), Ben Weber (8), Larm Rmah (9),
Fonts | Font Sizes & Leading:
Bachelor in Design and Art – Major in
Anna Baker (10), Fayiz Musthafa (12),
Body Text
Design
Joanna Nix (14), Taras Chernus (15),
Akzidenz-Grotesk BQ
WUP 19/20 | 1st-semester foundation
Yulia Taits (16), Yulia Taits (18), Yulia
10/13 pt
course
Taits (20), Salvatore Boccia (22), Yulia Taits (23), Yulia Taits (24), Shot by
Description Serif Text
Project Modul:
Cerqueira (26), [Oladimeji Odunsi,
Bodoni Std
Editorial Design
Yang Deng, Johan de Jager, Yulia Taits,
19/26 pt
Oladimeji Odunsi, Tachina Lee, Jakob Design by:
Owens, Jurien Huggins, Jessica Felicio]
Graphic Title Text
Nicolò Vanzetta
(28), [Bailey Torres, Sergio Souza,
Bodoni Std Bold
Magazine | Human
Alvin Balemesa, Zac Wolff, Liliia Beda,
130/133 pt
Oladimeji Odunsi, Jessica Felicio, Davids Supervision:
Kokainis, Drew Graham] (29), [Dimitry
Title Text
Project leader: Prof. Antonino Benincasa
B, Toa Heftiba, Sebastian Staines, Etty
Bodoni Std
Project assistants: Maximilian Boiger,
Fidele, Salvatore Boccia, Oladimeji
42/50 pt
Andreas Trenker
Odunsi, Jd Chow, Hisu Lee, Dearferdo] (30), [Pablo Padilla, Patrick Pierre, Yulia
Subtitle Text
Paper:
Taits, Ivana Cajina, Jessica Felicio, Logic
Akzidenz-Grotesk BQ Bold
Inside pages – Muncken Lynx, 150 g/m2
Digital, Alit Pramesta, Iamse7en, Lee
10/13 pt
Cover – Curious Black, 270 g/m2
Campbell] (31), Andre Noel Joachim Jr.
Mid pages – Curious Black, 270 g/m2
(32), Yvesmark Chery (34), Yvesmark
Layout Grid:
Chery (35), Yvesmark Chery (37), Andre
6 Column Grid
Noel Joachim Jr. (39), Yvesmark Chery (40), Yvesmark Chery (41), Andre Noel
Module proportion:
Joachim Jr. (42), Yvesmark Chery (43),
1.369 : 1
Toa Heftiba (44), Mubariz Mehdizadeh (47), James Barr (48), Nathan Dumlao
CPL | Character per line - Body Text:
(49), Nrd (51), Annie Spratt (52), Broh
27 characters including spaces
Fulan (53), Jousi Osorio (54) Binding: Glue binding
Printed: Bozen-Bolzano, January 2020 Inside pages – Digital Print | Canon Cover – Digital Print | Roland UV