General Technical Report FPL–GTR–190 Table 5–4a. Mechanical properties of some commercially important woods grown in Canada and imported into the United States (metric)a Static bending Common species names Aspen Quaking Big-toothed Cottonwood Balsam, poplar Black Eastern Cedar Northern white Western redcedar Yellow Douglas-fir Fir Subalpine Pacific silver Balsam Hemlock Eastern Western Larch, western Pine Eastern white Jack Lodgepole Ponderosa Red Western white Spruce Black
5–14
Moisture content
Specific gravity
Compression parallel to grain (kPa)
Compression perpendicular to grain (kPa)
Shear parallel to grain (kPa)
9,000 11,200 7,400 8,700
16,200 36,300 16,500 32,800
1,400 3,500 1,400 3,200
5,000 6,800 5,400 7,600
34,000 7,900 70,000 11,500 28,000 6,700 49,000 8,800 32,000 6,000 52,000 7,800 Softwoods
14,600 34,600 12,800 27,700 13,600 26,500
1,200 2,900 700 1,800 1,400 3,200
4,600 6,100 3,900 5,900 5,300 8,000
27,000 42,000 36,000 54,000 46,000 80,000 52,000 88,000
3,600 4,300 7,200 8,200 9,200 11,000 11,100 13,600
13,000 24,800 19,200 29,600 22,300 45,800 24,900 50,000
1,400 2,700 1,900 3,400 2,400 4,800 3,200 6,000
4,600 6,900 4,800 5,600 6,100 9,200 6,300 9,500
36,000 56,000 38,000 69,000 36,000 59,000
8,700 10,200 9,300 11,300 7,800 9,600
17,200 36,400 19,100 40,900 16,800 34,300
1,800 3,700 1,600 3,600 1,600 3,200
4,700 6,800 4,900 7,500 4,700 6,300
47,000 67,000 48,000 81,000 60,000 107,000
8,800 9,700 10,200 12,300 11,400 14,300
23,600 41,200 24,700 46,700 30,500 61,000
2,800 4,300 2,600 4,600 3,600 7,300
6,300 8,700 5,200 6,500 6,300 9,200
35,000 66,000 43,000 78,000 39,000 76,000 39,000 73,000 34,000 70,000 33,000 64,100
8,100 9,400 8,100 10,200 8,800 10,900 7,800 9,500 7,400 9,500 8,200 10,100
17,900 36,000 20,300 40,500 19,700 43,200 19,600 42,300 16,300 37,900 17,400 36,100
1,600 3,400 2,300 5,700 1,900 3,600 2,400 5,200 1,900 5,200 1,600 3,200
4,400 6,100 5,600 8,200 5,000 8,500 5,000 7,000 4,900 7,500 4,500 6,300
41,000 79,000
9,100 10,500
19,000 41,600
2,100 4,300
5,500 8,600
Modulus of rupture (kPa)
Modulus of elasticity (MPa)
Hardwoods Green 12% Green 12% Green 12% Green 12% Green 12% Green 12% Green 12% Green 12% Green 12%
0.37 0.39 0.37 0.30 0.35
0.30 0.31 0.42 0.45
Green 12% Green 12% Green 12%
0.33
Green 12% Green 12% Green 12%
0.40
Green 12% Green 12% Green 12% Green 12% Green 12% Green 12%
0.36
Green 12%
0.36 0.34
0.41 0.55
0.42 0.40 0.44 0.39 0.36 0.41
38,000 68,000 36,000 66,000