153 Refrattari’ and organized numerous social events in and around Detroit to raise money for various anarchist causes. This group was supporters of the New York City-based journal L‟Adunata dei Refrattari. As was the case with Windsor, Newark, New Jersey‟s Little Italy centred around a church – in this case, the Church of St Lucy which was built in 1891 at 118-7th Avenue. Seventh Avenue acted as the community‟s hub with Italians living in the surrounding area. The boundaries of this Little Italy were Parker Street to the west, Stone Street to the east, 8th Avenue to the south, and Park Avenue to the north. The community was comprised of Sicilians, Calabrese, and Neapolitans as well as others from the Mezzogiorno. The Italians from these regions brought their religious customs with them and each town or comune celebrated their own saints weekly between June and October.90 Newark was also the home of L’Adunata dei Refrattari, the anarchist circle responsible for writing, editing, and publishing the New York City-based anarchist journal of the same name. Others involved with the group did not have a “hands on” role with the production of the newspaper. L’Adunata may have had a meeting place at 8 Garside Street which was located within Newark‟s Little Italy. 91 Italian settlement in New York City was widespread with migrants living in neighbourhoods all over the five boroughs. The city‟s well-known Little Italy was located on Mulberry Street in Manhattan but it is not clear whether any Italian anarchists from this study lived in that community. 92 It seems likely that this would have been the case 90
Justin R. Cristaldi, “Little Italy Across the Hudson,” Primo (Sep./Oct.) 2001 http://www.sicilianculture. com/littleitaly/nj-newark.htm (accessed 9 July 2010). 91 Console Generale, NYC, to Ministero dell‟Interno, Rome, 24 July 1931, Efisio Constantino Zonchello, busta 5592, CPC, ACS, Rome. 92 See George E. Pozzetta, “The Mulberry District of New York City: The Years before World War One,” Little Italies in North America, eds., Robert F. Harney and J. Vincenza Scarpaci (Toronto: The Multicultural History Society of Ontario): 7-40.