Performance
Architectural Glass
Contents
About Sanam
2
Architectural Glass Cycle
5
Value proposition
6
Coated glass
7
Performance
9
Sanam products
11
Technical notes
14
Technology
15
Production line
16
Storage and logistics
18
Quality Control and Assurance
19
Glossary
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Sanam Glass
A Private Shareholding Company duly organized under the corporate and commercial laws of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The company was established to own and operate the glass coating facility in Ma’an, Jordan.
Location Situated in the Southern region of Jordan, the Ma’an Industrial Park offers superior industrial infrastructure, expedient access to major highways, the Aqaba Sea Port, and both Aqaba and Amman International Airports. The location, and its surrounding support services, enhance the logistics of delivering raw materials to, and finished products from, the facility.
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Sanam Glass
Facility Our 60,000 m2 facility includes a built up area of 25,000 m2 that houses the latest state-of-the-art Glass Coater and is designed to accommodate a production capacity of 5.5 million m2 per annum, including over 2,000 m2 of office space. The size of our facility enables us to optimize the logistics of raw material and finished goods handling and to offer a comprehensive stocking program to our customers. Additionally, the facility is designed to accommodate future expansion plans.
Human capital Our team is comprised of a wealth of certified and extensively experienced professionals in their respective fields engendered with a corporate culture focused on delivering superior customer service performance in all aspects of our business.
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Architectural Glass Cycle
Soda Lime “Float” Glass is made by melting a mixture of Silica sand, Limestone, and Soda Ash in a furnace to approximately 1,400°C, which is then cooled by floating it on a bath of molten tin, and finally cooled through an annealing Lehr. The product is commonly known as “Float” glass and is supplied to glass processors in its annealed state for further processing. During the float glass manufacturing process, a pyrolytic coating can be applied to enhance the energy performance of the glass and this process produces a mechanically hard, and chemically durable, coating beneficial for post coating handling. The downside to this technology is that the coatings applied are very limited (due to the hot application) and do not allow high performance glass to be made. The sputter coating process Sanam employs, allows a wide variety of films to be produced on glass consisting of metals and dielectrics, in a vacuum, close to room temperature. Materials ranging from extremely hard (Titanium) to extremely soft (Lead) either metallic or non-metallic can be chosen to formulate advance performance coatings on the glass. The resulting coatings are not fused into the surface of the glass in the same manner as the pyrolytic process and as a result are more susceptible to mishandling issues during glass processing. After glass is coated, a glass fabricator will typically cut, drill, grind, temper, laminate, and double glaze the glass in accordance with architectural requirements dictated by the window fabricator. After glass has been processed, it is then fitted onto aluminum, steel, or PVC window assemblies and prepared for installation at the construction site.
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Value proposition
Customer Centric Approach We strive to create a lasting positive customer experience from pre-sale to after sales support. Our staff is dedicated to make the Sanam Glass experience uniquely positive. Under this creed, our carefully selected staff, business partners, and systems operate in an open, constructive, and cohesive environment that promotes excellence across the value chain. Dynamic Operating one of the most technically advanced glass coaters in the world today is just the beginning. Our deep rooted strategic alliances with leaders in the glass industry, coupled with our intimate knowledge of the ever changing architectural glass market, will drive our research and development policy to ensure Sanam Glass continues to offer the best products and services to our customers. Time Sanam’s agile supply chain strategies along with advanced management systems ensure our global customers receive the fastest response to enquiries and accurate delivery timing of our quality products.
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Coated glass
Our process of “Sputter� coated glass employs Nano-technology to deposit microscopically thin layers of metal and dielectric material films, using carefully prepared formulae. These materials enhance the energy performance properties of glazed facades by manipulating the behavior of energy passing through the glass. As a result, considerable reductions in climate control operating costs can be achieved while offering a wide selection of aesthetic enhancements for building owners and architects to consider. Aesthetic All of our coatings can be applied to a wide range of clear and tinted float glass which facilitate considerable flexibility in the facade design concept, and offer an extensive pallet for architectural ingenuity.
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Coated glass
Visible light transmittance Natural lighting and unobstructed viewing are two of the fundamental requirements of glass facades. Approximately 50% of Solar Heat energy arrives at the earth’s surface as visible light, so careful consideration of this property is required to optimize building design to minimize energy consumption while adhering to the fundamental requirements. It is of particular importance to consider minimizing indoor visible light reflectance for night time occupation, as illuminated building interiors often produce undesirable mirror effects on window glass and can ruin spectacular external night views. The correct glass and coating combination selection can minimize this issue and also deal with the unwanted solar energy during daylight hours.
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Performance
Energy and cost savings Glass facades have exponentially increased in popularity over the last 30 years due to the unique benefits of glass. However management of heat gain or loss through glass facades has been a major evolution for the glass industry technologists. Performance enhancing coatings on glass have been continuously developed over recent decades and it is now possible to minimize energy transfer through the medium while optimizing visible light penetration into buildings. This has resulted in substantial reductions in cooling and heating requirements, which directly translates into major reductions in capital investments and costs incurred to operate building climate control systems. Peak and continuous cooling and heating loads can be dramatically reduced with the correct selection of glass and coating. Standard insulating Glass Unit (Clear Galss)
Sanam Glass SolarStop速
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Performance
Reduced fading The most harmful energy to materials in sunlight is ultraviolet (UV) energy as it is the most energetic and hence most likely to break organic chemical bonds. This leads to fading and degradation of many expensive organic materials, such as carpet, fabrics, paper, artwork, paints, and furniture. Coated glass selection can influence the type and intensity of transmitted radiation to alleviate some of these problems and the correct glass coating selection can virtually eliminate UV rays from entering a building. Minimal condensation The thermal energy insulation improvements made by glass coating technology, significantly reduces condensation formation on both the interior and exterior surfaces of the glass.
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Sanam products
SOLARSTOP® Sanam Glass Company boasts a wide variety of post-temperable products best categorized according to their intended performance: SR Series Solar control coatings are designed to minimize the penetration of the sun’s direct energy through a glazed facade by reflecting and absorbing Ultra-Violet, Visible, and Near Infra-Red energy, often referred to as “Reflective” coated glass. This has been a popular choice in hot climates, but requires a second coated glass with Low Emissivity coating on one surface to minimize ingress of the heat generated by the “absorbing” characteristics of the materials used in the coating. Typically these coatings can be single or double glazed and also applied onto tinted substrates.
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Sanam products
Solar control coatings are produced in a variety of neutral colors offering a range of choices for architects and building owners. They are also produced in several shades, designed to provide a choice of natural light and heat transfer combinations.
Properties
LT
2
SH
4
UV
1
Processing
Visible Light Reection
Visible Light Transmission
LT
Solar Heat Transmission
SH
T/HS Lam
Solar Heat Reection
S U-Value
Solar Coated Glass
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UV
IGU
Sanam products
SE Series Our high visible light transmission Low emissivity (Low-E) coatings are designed to reflect far infra-red (thermal) energy, and prevent it from passing through the surface of the glass. This is typically used in colder climates, but extremely beneficial for hot climates when used with one of our SR series coated products. Our medium visible light transmission Low-E coatings are designed to combine some of the desirable “Shading” properties of our SR series along with the improved “thermal” properties of the high visible light transmission SE. These coatings offer significantly higher light transmission than the SR series for similar “Shading” properties in addition to thermal insulation in one piece of coated glass. Properties
LT
4
SH
2
UV
5
Processing
Visible Light Reflection
Visible Light Transmission
LT
Solar Heat Transmission
SH
T/HS Lam
Solar Heat Reflection
S U-Value
UV
IGU
Low-e Coated Glass
Multi-function coatings Developments over the last 10 years have produced a range of “Spectrally Selective” Low-e products with a combination of high visible light transmittance, Solar Energy filtering and Thermal Energy properties. These coatings provide a truly Multi-Functional performance for building skins. Properties
LT
3
SH
4
UV
5
Processing
Visible Light Reflection
Visible Light Transmission
LT
Solar Heat Transmission
SH
T/HS Lam
Solar Heat Reflection
S U-Value
UV
IGU
Multi-Function Glass
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Technical notes
Coating surface identification Coating surface identification on single reflective glass can be done by placing an object on each of the glass surfaces and observe the reflected image of that object. If the reflectance of the object appears to touch the object, then the coating is applied to surface 1. Glass surface positioning Each glass surface is numbered starting from the surface facing the exterior to the surface facing the interior of the building. For example: - A single monolithic glass has surfaces 1 and 2. - A double glazed unit has surfaces 1, 2, 3, and 4.
OUT
IN
OUT
IN
Surface 1
Surface 1
Surface 2
Surface 2
Surface 3 Surface 4
Single Monolithic Glass
Single Laminated Glass
Glass Surface Positioning
IN
OUT
Surface 1 Surface 2 Surface 3 Surface 4
Double Glazed Unit
Glass Surface Positioning
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OUT
Surface 1 Surface 2
IN
Surface 3 Surface 4 Surface 5 Surface 6
Double Glazed Laminated
Technology
Sanam’s coater employs the very latest Alternating Current (AC) Dual Rotatable Magnetron Sputter Sources, which have evolved from the Direct Current (DC) Planar Magnetron Sputtering Cathode technology first introduced in 1971. Our advanced coating technology allows complex advanced materials to be applied to glass at extremely high deposition rates at premium quality. The resulting coatings exhibit excellent chemical and mechanical properties suitable for passing through a glass Tempering Furnace. Multi-layer coatings using a variety of materials can be combined to further enhance optical and thermal performances of glass.
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Production line
Loading station of float glass sheets Suction cups automatically lift glass from the vertical to the horizontal orientation and positions it onto the coating line conveyors ready for coating. One or two pieces of glass can be loaded every 45 seconds up to a maximum size of 3.3m x 6.0m and thickness from 3mm to 19mm. When one pack has been completely unloaded from the vertical rack, the Turn-Table automatically rotates to allow unloading from the next pack, to ensure continuous processing.
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Glass Washing Machine Glass is conveyed through a specially designed glass washing and drying machine, where its surfaces are specially treated ready to accept the thin film layers inside the coater. It employs specialist high pressure spray, rotating brush and ultra-high purity water terminologies.
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Entry load-lock vacuum chambers The Glass Coating Process has to be performed in a carefully controlled atmosphere and is carried out in specially designed High Vacuum Process Chambers. In order to convey glass from atmospheric pressure into the high vacuum environment, is has to be passed through three vacuum grading vessels before it is allowed to enter the carefully controlled atmosphere of the main process.
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Process chambers These are constructed of 25mm thick, re-enforced steel enclosures, connected at both ends to a “Load-Lock� system. They are equipped with ninety two Magnetically Levitated High Vacuum pumps, High Tech Plasma deposition sources and their associated controls, vacuum seals, conveyor rollers, plasma shields and magnetron vacuum tunnels. There are ten Alternating Current (AC) Rotary and four Planar Direct Current (DC) Plasma Generators and magnetron sources installed, which allow a variety of coatings to be produced.
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Exit load-lock vacuum chambers Once the coating has been completed in the main process stage, the glass then has to be removed from the vacuum for inspection and packaging. It is again passed through three vacuum grading vessels using the opposite technique to the entry load lock in order to preserve the carefully controlled environment of main the process.
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Control and inspection room Full operational control is performed by qualified process engineers at work stations in the control center mounted above the line after the end of the coater. Every bed load of glass is subject to intense visual inspection and over one hundred spectro-photometric measurements to ensure product quality and consistency. Once the glass has passed inspection, an interleaving powder medium is applied to the coated surface to avoid product damage during storage and transit.
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Glass cutting If there is a requirement for glass sheets to be split, this unit is capable of scribing and snapping glass. Preprogrammed cutting pattern commands for final split sizes are entered into the control center and these are executed when glass is presented to this unit. Sizes capable of being conveniently handled manually can then be unloaded from the end of the line ready for final packaging.
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Un-loading station There are four automated unloading units which automatically lift sheets of glass from the horizontal conveyors into the vertical orientation and places them onto a glass rack ready for final packing. One or two pieces of glass can be unloaded every 45 seconds up to a maximum size of 3.3m x 6.0m. When one rack has been completely loaded with 2-3 Tons of glass, the Turn-Table automatically rotates to allow continuous loading of the next glass pack.
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Storage & logistics
Our factory is equipped with premium glass handling equipment provided by industry leaders, and is designed to optimize the storage of both clear and coated glass to allow unrestrictive movement of materials during the production process. Sanam’s production and handling process is fully automated and provides for seamless data flow between the production and other ERP systems implemented in the facility. Further, raw materials entering and leaving the factory are handled through the six loading docks, equipped with overhead cranes, and are capable of handling more than twice the production capacity of the plant.
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Quality Control & Assurance
Sanam Glass has fully integrated a quality control system that encompasses every stage of the production cycle. The QC systems and procedures are in place for incoming of raw materials and consumables, handling, manufacturing, finished goods packaging, and dispatch. The QC Department at Sanam Glass review plans for compliance with policies, standards, procedures and engineering best practices.
Pencil and reflected image points do not meet at the uncoated surface
Uncoated Surface
Pencil and reflected image points meet at the coated surface
Coated Surface
Coating Surface Identification
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Quality Control & Assurance
Quality controls include product inspection, where every product is thoroughly examined both visually and using technologically advanced equipment before the product is certified for issuance. Inspectors are provided with detailed descriptions of any product defects in order to prevent the release of any defective glass to the market. The Quality Assurance system deployed at Sanam Glass guides all those involved on the path of continuing improvements. The aim of such systems is to ensure that the production flow constantly adheres to the high level of quality expected from Sanam’s SOLARSTOP and effectively identifies and corrects process flaws. International Standards Followed:
EN
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Quality Control & Assurance
Quality specifications for coated glass The following diagrams summarize the main acceptance and rejection quality criteria for cut to size coated glass used in a vision panel as per the ASTM C 1376 standard.
3 meters
When viewed from 3m, neither of the following pinholes or spots shall be visible: Greater than 1.6mm in the central area, or greater than 2.4mm in the outer area
Pinholes & Spots
3 meters
When viewed from 3m, neither of the following scratches or marks shall be visible: Greater than 50mm in the central area, or greater than 75mm in the outer area
Scratches & Marks
3 meters
When viewed from 3m, no rubs shall be visible in the central area, and no rubs greater than 19mm total length and width shall be visible in the outer area
Coating rubs
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Quality Control & Assurance
• Most reflective glass absorbs and reflects a greater amount of heat than tinted float glass and is therefore more susceptible to thermal breakage. • Tempering or heat strengthening will prevent thermal breakage. • Tinted float glass with coatings normally require heat strengthening or tempering. • Edges of all annealed coated glass must be clean cut with minimal defects when the glass is being glazed. Flat ground edges on all sides can be specified as good glazing practice to minimize the possibility of fracture after installation. Under no circumstances should reflective glass be glazed if it has damaged edges. • Abrasive or chemical cleaners should not be used on any coated surface. • Spandrel panels are normally heat strengthened or tempered. • Most monolithic, coated glass should be glazed with the reflective surface to the inside (or surface 2). • Tempering and heat strengthening of reflective glass will create some distortion effects. The higher the reflectivity of the glass, the higher the visual distortion.
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Glossary
Solar Energy Is the term used in the glazing industry to describe the energy spectrum radiated directly from the sun which passes through our atmosphere and arrives at the Earth’s surface. It refers to UltraViolet, Visible and Near- Infrared radiation, each part of the energy spectrum referred to by their waveband nomination. For the glazing industry Solar Energy is specified as the energy waveband from 300 nm to 2,500 nm. The intensity of solar energy at the earth’s surface is dependent upon the latitude of the building location and averaged environmental conditions. Visible Light Energy This is defined, by international standards, as Electromagnetic Radiation Energy with wavelengths between 380 and 780 nanometers and is the only type of radiation visible to the human eye.
Visible Light Transmittance Is the term used to describe the fraction of the incident visible light energy which passes through the glazing material of a window, expressed as a percentage.
Visible Light Reflectance-OUT Is the term used to describe the fraction of incident visible light energy reflected from the exterior surface of the glazing material of a window, expressed as a percentage.
Visible Light Reflectance-IN Is the term used to describe the fraction of incident visible light energy reflected from the interior surface of the glazing material of a window, expressed as a percentage.
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Glossary
Solar Energy Is the term used in the glazing industry to describe the energy spectrum radiated directly from the sun which passes through our atmosphere and arrives at the Earth’s surface. It refers to Ultra-Violet, Visible and Near-Infrared radiation, each part of the energy spectrum referred to by their waveband nomination. For the glazing industry it is specified as the energy waveband from 300 nm to 2,500 nm. The intensity of solar energy at the earth’s surface is dependent upon the latitude of the building location and averaged environmental conditions.
Solar Spectrum Is the term used to describe the total distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted from the sun which ranges from X-rays to Infra-red rays. The different regions of the solar spectrum are described by their waveband ranges. Approximately 99 percent of the heating energy caused by solar radiation is contained in a waveband ranging from 300 nm (ultraviolet) to 2,500 nm (near-infrared).
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Glossary
Emissivity Symbol . This describes the relative ability of the surface of a material to emit energy by radiation. For the glass industry, this term normally refers to the “Far Infra-Red” energy band more commonly known as “Heat” or “Thermal” energy. Emissivity is the ratio of energy emitted by a surface relative to the energy emitted by a blackbody radiator heated to the same temperature. This value ia dimensionless as it describes a ratio between these two measurements quoted as a value between 0.00 and 1.00. A true “Black Body“ radiator will have a value of 1 which means it will re-emit all the energy it absorbs and a perfect reflector would have an emissivity of 0, absorbing nothing. The term “Low Emissivity” refers to surfaces with values close to 0, typically 0.02 to 0.2 in the Glass Industry
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Glossary
Total Energy Transmittance or Solar Factor (SF) or Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) Describes the fraction of total incident energy which passes through a glazed area of a building when compared with the incident energy upon it. The components considered for this calculation are the “Direct Solar Energy” transmittance and the indirect “Thermal Energy” heat transfer values. The calculation sums the fractions of Incident Direct Solar Energy and the ambient thermal energy which passes through the glazed area under specific environmental conditions. The calculation takes account of the following factors, specified by regional international standards: • The angle of the sun with respect to the façade. • Ambient air temperature differential across the glazed assembly. • Surface heat exchange coefficients for both internal and external surfaces. ASTM E971-11, EN 410, and ISO 9050 are the most commonly applied standards for energy performance calculation for glazed areas. These calculations provide standardized values of the heating energy arriving inside a building and is expressed as a number between 0.00 and 1.00. A lower Total Solar Energy number means less heat penetration inside and a reduction in air-conditioning operating cost.
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Glossary
Shading Coefficient A traditional method commonly used in building façade energy evaluation is to consider the energy performance of a designed glazed area compared to the same area glazed with 3mm clear soda lime glass. It is referred to as an indicator of the “Shading” performance of the glass design with respect to that of a 3mm glazing. The value is calculated by dividing the Total Energy Transmittance by 0.87 and is specified using a value ranging from 1.00 to 0.00. U-Value or K Value Describes the rate of Thermal energy passing through a material due to conduction, convection, and radiation under specific environmental conditions. It is calculated using material thermal conductance and surface emissivity values which are intrinsically measured. Lower values describe lower rates of heat energy transmitted through a material and hence improved insulation values. For glazed areas, the surface emissivity of glass can be dramatically reduced by high performance coatings and this is a major factor in reducing this value. U-Value is expressed in units of Btu/hr ft² °F, K-Value in W/m² °C and different standardized conditions are used for these calculations. To convert imperial to metric values multiply by 5.6783
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Glossary
Relative Heat Gain (RHG) Relative Heat Gain is the combined effect of Shading Coefficient (SC) and U-Value (UV). The lower the relative heat gain value, the more efficient the glass is in restricting heat gain. It describes how much energy penetrates into the building through the windows as a result of solar radiation. This is measured in watts per square meter RHG = (SC x 637) + (U x 7.8) RHG can be expressed in both metric and imperial units. To convert W/m² to Btu/hr ft² divide by 3.154 1 W/m² = 0.317 BTU/ft² 1 W/m².K = 0.176 BTU/hr/ft²/°F
Product Warranty
SOLARSTOP coated glass, manufactured by Sanam Glass Company, is warranted to its original customer only, subject to the terms and conditions of Product Limited Warranty which is available upon request from Sanam Glass Company.
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Sanam Glass Company E-mail: info@sanamglass.com www.sanamglass.com