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John H. Klote, P.E. :
:
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. )( . . References 1) ICC. (2000). International building code (sec. 909.9). Falls Church, VA: International Code Council. 2) ICBO. (1997). Uniform building code (sec. 905.6.1). Whittier, CA: International Conference of Building Officials. 3) BOCA. (1999). The BOCA national building code (sec. 922.2.1.1) (14th ed.). Country Club Hills, IL: Building Officials and Code Administrators International. 4) SBCCI. (1997). Standard building code. Birmingham, AL: Southern Building Code Congress International. 5) NFPA. (2000). Guide for smoke management systems in malls, atria, and large areas. NFPA 92B. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association. 6) NFPA. (1999). National fire alarm code. NFPA 72. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association. 7) Mitler, H.E. (1996, March). Input data for fire modeling (pp. 187-199). Paper presented at 13th meeting of the UJNR Panel on Fire Research and Safety. NISTIR 6030. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. 8) Stroup, W.D. (1999). Scotch pine Christmas tree fire tests: report of test FR 4010. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. 9) Lawson, J.R., Walton, W.D., & Twilley, W.H. (1984). Fire performance of furnishings as measured in the NBS furniture calorimeter, part I. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards. 10) Joyeux, D. (1997). Natural fires in closed car parks: car fire tests. INC @ 96/294d @ DJ/NB. 11) Hasemi, Y. (1985, May). Analysis of failures of automatic sprinklers in actual fires (pp. 794-807). Paper presented at UJNR Panel on Fire Research and Safety, Eighth Joint Meeting, Tsukuba, Japan. 12) Marryatt, H.W. (1988). Fire--a century of automatic sprinkler protection in Australia and New Zealand 1986-1986. North Melbourne, Australia: Australian Fire Protection Association. 13) Ahrens, M. (1997). Special analysis: sprinkler status and the extent of flame and smoke damage in high-rise and mid-rise structure fires reported to U.S. public fire departments 1986-1995. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association.
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Christopher Haslego :
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Brian Bombard :
:
. . . . . . . . . . . )PTFE ( . . . . PTFE . PTFE ANSI . . . )carrier(
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: 1- Sick Building Syndrome 2- Environmental Protection Agency 3- Suspended floors or crawl space 4- Pico Curies per liter 5- Soil suction radon reduction system 6- Passive sub-slab depressurization system 7- Active sub-slab depressurization system 8- Activated carbon filter 9- Granular activated carbon REFERENCES: - ASHRAE HAND BOOK- "Air conditioning systems and applications" - An official publication of the University of Maine - Aug. 1996 - Doc. No. 402-R-03-003 of Environmental Protection Agency - Doc. No. 402-K-01-002 of Environmental Protection Agency - Doc. No. 402-K-02-006 of Environmental Protection Agency - Web site: www.epa.gov - Web site: www.Ihc.org
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LatitudeTM
YORK International . Latitude . Latitude . HFC a ) ( EER )IPLV( . ASHRAE EER Latitude . )VSD( . dBA Latitude . . SilentNigh tm YORK .
Johnson Controls Metasys (r) Johnson Controls Metasys)r( . LonWorks BACnet . Johnson Controls )Ethernet( N . . . . Metasys )r( Johnson Controls . . . . . www. johnsoncontrols. com .
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Kenneth M. Elovitz, P.E. :
:
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Mark Straker :
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References
HVAC . GMP
1. Rules & Guidance for Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Distributors, 2002. 2. Clean Rooms and Controlled Environments Standards ISO14644.
Frank Guenther :
:
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Duct Construction ) (
6. This type of duct is used to connect mixing boxes, diffusers and other terminal devices to the air distribution system ductwork. 14. This organization publishes the HVAC Air Duct Leakage Test Manual. 15. This is used along with the application involved to classify duct construction. 17. This organization publishes Mechanical Cleaning Of Non-Porous Air Conveyance System Components. 18. This organization publishes both Standard 90A – “Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems” and Standard 90B – “Installation of Warm Air Heating and Air Conditioning Systems.” 19. In _______ Level A of this duct specification criteria, all transverse joints, longitudinal seams, and duct wall penetrations are required to be sealed.
Answer
ACROSS 3. This type of duct construction classification ranges from ±0.5 in. of water to ±10 in. of water. 7. Ducts may collect dirt and moisture which can harbor or transport these types of contaminants. 8. This organization publishes Standard 181 which classifies ducts as Class 0 (Zero flame spread, zero smoke developed) or Class 1 (25 flame spread, 50 smoke developed). 9. This organization publishes Standard D9.1 – “Sheet Metal Welding Code.” 10. These must be carefully analyzed along with the apparatus casings on the discharge side of a fan to ensure that they can withstand the maximum operating pressure of the apparatus. 11. Along with resistance to external wind and snow loads, heat transfer, and other considerations, this is one of the things that needs to be evaluated when ducts are located outside of the building. 12. This classification for ductwork is given in Table 6 in Chapter 32 of the ASHRAE 1997 Fundamentals Handbook. 13. ASTM Standard A 653 recommends a G90 coating when this type of duct material is used. 16. SMACNA allows combinations of duct thicknesses, reinforcements, and maximum distance between
reinforcements for this type of duct construction. 19. This developed rating should be 50 or less according to NFPA Standard 90A. 20. This pressure at specific points in an air distribution system is not necessarily the same pressure rating of the fan. 21. This spread rating should be 25 or less according to NFPA Standard 90A. 22. This type of duct is inherently strong and rigid and is generally the most efficient and economical form of duct to use in air distribution systems.
DOWN 1. This contractor is responsible for the proper assembly and sealing of the ductwork. 2. This type of duct construction classification can be any pressure. 3. The design engineer should take this into consideration along with flame spread, smoke development, and toxic gas production from the duct and duct insulation materials when designing a duct system. 4. Metal ducts are frequently lined with ____________– absorbent material to reduce aerodynamic noise. 5. Fibrous glass ducts are a composite of this material and a factory applied facing such as aluminum, which serves as a finish and vapor barrier.
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G .Pitchurov K .Naidenov A .Melikov G .Langkilde:
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. . ta Tu v . . . DR . )1994( ISO 7730 Melibov . °C / m / m )1989( Nielsen DR . °C . . . . . .
. ) ( . . . PMV . . . ) ( . °C ( .) . . )1992( ASHRAE 55 )1994( ISO 7730 . . PMV )ASHRAE( )+( )( )( )( )( : )1994( ISO 7730 . )+( )+( . ± / PMV . . oC . . . .)ASHRAE 55,1992 :ISO 7730, 1994(
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. . / clo / clo ( / clo PMV °C / °C . ) . / °C / °C °C )1994( ISO 7730 . °C °C )ET *( . ASHRA 55 )1992( °C )1992( ASHRA 55a PMV . +/ / . / PMV . . / . PMV )r = /( )( )MTS( . / PMV . ASHRAE . / °C )( ( PMV )(
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Mark A. Jackson :
:
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