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DIVIDENDS
1
Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Foreign-born workers: Labor Force Characteristics -2017.” May, 2018. https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/forbrn_05172018.pdf
2
Hoekstra, Mark, and Sandra Orozco-Aleman. 2017. “Illegal Immigration, State Law, and Deterrence.” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 9(2): 228-252. https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/pol.20150100
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Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (2015). “The Human Rights Situation in Mexico.” http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/reports/pdfs/mexico2016-en.pdf
4
Orozco-Aleman, Sandra and Heriberto Gonzalez-Lozano. 2018. “Drug Violence and Migration Flows: Lessons from the Mexican Drug War.” Journal of Human Resources, 53(3): 717-749. http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/53/3/717
Sandra Orozco-Aleman Dr. Sandra Orozco-Aleman is an Associate Professor of Economics in the College of Business. She received her PhD from the University of Pittsburgh in 2011. She worked for six years as an economist and financial researcher for the Mexican Central Bank. Orozco-Aleman’s research focuses on the labor market impact of immigration, unauthorized immigration and U.S. immigration policy. She has published articles in leading academic journals such as the American Economic Journal: Economic Policy and the Journal of Human Resources. Her work has been presented at major academic conferences including those of the American Economic Association and the Society of Labor Economists. She teaches graduate courses on labor economics and special topics in econometrics, as well as undergraduate courses on intermediate microeconomics and labor economics.
M I S S I S S I P P I STAT E U N I V E R S I T Y
While there is a large body of literature on immigration policies and their effects, there is still much research to do. Understanding the determinants of authorized and unauthorized immigration creates the opportunity to affect immigration policy reform.
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Violence pushes immigrants to leave their homes, while restrictive U.S. policy, even at the state level, pulls in the opposite direction – pulls them to stay where they are. Laws and regulations in both Mexico and the United States affect immigration flows including the characteristics and skills of immigrants. This in turn impacts the economic growth, innovation and human capital in the United States.
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS
through changes in migration costs. We considered two different types of violence: local violence where prospective migrants live, and transit violence on the routes taken to the U.S.-Mexico border. Moreover, we used electoral cycles to predict violence because drug violence has been broadly associated with municipal elections; drug cartels have attempted to influence elections to make sure the person elected does not interfere Source: INEGI with their criminal activities. Our findings show that local violence increased migration, but violence along the passage to the United States deterred individuals from migrating. Overall, data analysis showed that between 2007 and 2012, on net, violence positively affected migration flows. Violence was responsible for a 1.53 percent increase in the migration rate between Mexico and the United States.
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