behaviorism vs. cognitivism

Leon, Donoso

Behaviorism vs. Cognitivism Montserrat Donoso Martina Leon Magdalena Nemalceff Dec. 2014

Learning theories

•

What is behaviorism?

Leon, Donoso •

it’s what its focused in repeat new behavior patterns until they become automatic

•

Is a worldview that operates on a principle of “stimulus-response.” Which means is all behavior caused by external stimuli (operant conditioning).

•

All behavior can be explained without the need to consider internal mental states or consciousness. Some famous people who believed in this and contributors were: John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, and B.F.

•

The following quote is what created an society impact because is what helped people understand more the concept about behaviorism:

•

"Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select -- doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors."

--John Watson, Behaviorism, 1930

• •

Behaviors can be measured, trained, and changed. Behaviorism was established with the publication of Watson's classic paper "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It" (1913).

From about 1920 through the mid-1950s, behaviors grew to become the dominant force within psychology.

Leon, Donoso

•

"Behaviorism was the soil nourishing early American social science," explained author John A. Mills in his 1998 book Control: A History of Behavioral Psychology. "It is also clear that the research practices and theorizing of American behaviorists until the mid1950s were driven by the intellectual imperative to create theories that could be used to make socially useful predictions,"

•

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

•

What is cognitivism?

• •

= is a model for how the mind learns new things. cognitivism is known as a view that the mind is basically a computer with the ability to process and store things.

People believe that the brain takes in information, analyzes it, stores it, and uses it.

When people discuss the theory, they often use computer-based metaphors.

Cognitivism became popular in the 1950s, and it competes with the rival learning theories known as behaviorism and constructivism.

Here it would be an example that makes clear how this works in a normal life day: =When teachers try to use cognitivism in the classroom, they often focus on putting things into a useful context for students. This is thought to be important because the mind may store the information differently if people learn it in a different context. For example, if someone learns how to add in an abstract way, the mind may see that as a simple mental trick. On the other hand, if a person learns to add in relation to something useful in everyday life, such as a transaction scenario, for example, he might be able to more readily access that knowledge when he needs it.

• •

• •

Leon, Donoso

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Leon, Donoso

• • • • • • • • • •

Society impact-

•

Society impact Learning theories like cognitivism and behaviorism can be seen as more than just theories about learning. They are basically models for the entire way the mind is built. Adding to this, it occurs because the models see most mental factors in relation to learning. So, as people age, they are learning to live. They may be learning negative things that cause mental problems or learning positive things that lead them to success. For this reason, cognitivism and other learning theories are often directly related to concepts in psychotherapy. In addition for society there are two different point of view because Cognitivism was designed as a replacement for a rival theory called behaviorism. This theory was much more focused on external elements. Behaviorists were generally concerned with experiences and how people responded to them. Every external behavior was thought to be directly related to some external cause. These followers often believed that people were basically similar at birth, and most things that made them different were based on varying life experiences. So someone who agrees with the theory of cognitivism is less concerned with outward behaviors and more concerned with

•

Leon, Donoso

inner processes. The person generally believes that experience is less important in learning than how people process their experiences. According to this idea, one could put five different people through the same experience, and each of them may learn from it in very different ways. Eventually, each would develop totally different behaviors; this is because each person may have a very different way of thinking about things.

WORK CITED •

•

•

"Behaviorism | Learning Theories." Learning Theories. N.p., n.d.

Web. 20 Dec. 2014 Cherry, Kendra. "Behaviorism | What It Is & How It Works | Psychology." N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Dec. 2014 Queen, Jacob, and Lauren Fritsky. WiseGeek. Conjecture, n.d. Web. 20 Dec. 2014

Leon, Donoso

•

Flow Theory - Csikszentmihalyi | Learning Theories." Learning Theories. N.p., n.d.

Web. 20 Dec. 2014.

•

"Behaviorism vs. Cognitivism." Ways of Knowing. N.p., 12 Oct. 2010. Web. 20 Dec. 2014.

•

"Behaviourism 101." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 20 Dec. 2014