SYRIA CULTURAL VENUE BEIRUT, LEBANON GRADUATION THESIS BOOK
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MONA FAHED ABOU FAYAD
bachelor degree in architectural engineering
Dr. Bassim M. Saleh
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GRADUATION THESIS BOOK
SYRIA CULTURAL VENUE Supervised by: Dr. Bassim M. Saleh Eng. Niveen Eng. Taghreed
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
As I graduate, a new journey begins, Graduation reminds me of everyone who has touched my life. First and foremost, I would like to thank Allah Almighty for giving me the strength, knowledge, ability and opportunity to undertake this journey and to persevere and complete it satisfactorily. Without his blessings, this achievement would not have been possible. Thanks to my parents, brother, and sisters for providing me the unconditional love and support and believing that I could get through this even when I was struggling to believe that I can make it. I could not have done it without their encouragement. I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude for the patient guidance, encouragement and advice that Dr. Bassim Saleh has provided throughout my time as his student. I have been extremely lucky to have a supervisor who cared so much about my work, and who responded to my questions and queries so promptly. Special thanks to Eng. Niveen And Eng. Taghreed, for all the help and efforts. They have motivated me so much. Their constructive comments and wise suggestions were precious, I have learnt a lot from them. Thanks to my faithful friends Dalal, Asala, And Bashair and my mates. This would have been a much less fun experience without you. I am very grateful for sharing this experience with you, for all the memories, the discussions and laughs we had. Your prayers,encouragements, and your friendship means so much to me. To every person that motivated me with their lovely words and continuous care, I feel blessed to have you
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ABSTRACT
Cultural venue is a place for gathering for everyone, not just for a certain nationality. In this venue the purpose is to attract people to know more about the Syrian culture and enjoy all kinds activities that will happen there, and to take all the revenue to help supporting the Syrian families in Lebanon in terms of financial aid, emotional support, and preserve culture for young people. This book consists of Five chapters containing Definitions, Historical background about the Syrian culture, objectives of the project, Case studies of existing cultural centers, the program of qualitative and quantitative studies, site selection for the project, preferred concept and the conclusion for the project.
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“A nation's culture resides in the hearts and in the soul of its people.” -MAHATMA GANDHI
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INDEX CHAPTER 02 CASE STUDIES 2.1. BEIRUT HOUSE OF ARTS AND CULTURE 22 2.2. ABU DHABI CULTURAL FOUDTION 32 2.3. ARAB WORLD INSTITUTE 42 2.4. THE Venue POMPIDOU-METZ 54 2.5. CAIXAFORUM 66 2.6. BISHAN CULTURAL AND ART Venue 78
CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION 1.1. DEFINITION 12 1.2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 14 1.3. OBJECTIVES 18
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CHAPTER 04 SITE ANALYSIS 4.1. INTRODUCTION ABOUT BEIRUT 4.2. POTENTIAL SITE SELECTION 4.3. SITE COMPARISON CRITERIA 4.4. THE SELECTED SITE
CHAPTER 03 PROGRAM
104 107 111 111
CHAPTER 05 CONCLUSION AND DESIGN CONCEPT 5.1. CONCLUSION 5.2.DESIGN CONCEPT CRITERIA
114 117
3.1. INTRODUCTION 96 3.2. PROGRAM 96 3.3. CONCLUSION 101
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CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION
1.1. DEFINITION 1.2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 1.3. OBJECTIVES
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Figure 1: Mosques were considered as a place for gathering, meeting, discussing their issues in islamic period
Figure 2: Mosques were considered as centers for each town to gather and share communication.
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1.1. DEFINITIONS 1.1.1.SYRIA
According to oxford dictionary; A country in the Middle East with a coastline on the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Official language, Arabic; capital, Damascus.
1.1.2.CULTURAL
Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, encompassing language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts. It also includes what we wear, how we wear it, our language, marriage, music, what we believe is right or wrong, how we sit at the table, how we greet visitors, how we behave with loved ones, and a million other things.
1.1.3.VENUE
A place or group of buildings where a specified activity is concentrated.
1.1.4.SYRIA CULTURAL VENUE:
In my terms, The cultural venue is often a meeting point in small communities where people come together to preserve traditions and develop cultural activities that include the participation of the whole family.As a general rule, the activities of the cultural centers are free or very affordable, so that nobody be dismissed for economic reasons. The property of cultural venue is usually State or cooperative, because it generally non-profit institutions.
1.1.5.CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE: 1.1.5.1.Culture is social 1.1.5.2.Culture is shared 1.1.5.3.Culture is learnt 1.1.5.4.Culture is continuous and cumulative 1.1.5.5.Culture vaaries from society to society. 1.1.5.6.Culture is dynamic 1.1.5.7.Culture is gratifying
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oxford dictionary
Figure 3: Aleppo Citadel representing the architecture of Syria in the past
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Figure 4:Hakawati presence was important in gatherings
Figure 5: Asmahan was a very well-known Syrian singer
1.2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Syrian culture has a long cultural history. Its culture is presented clearly through Literature, Music, Architecture, Media, Cuisine, Sports, Fairs and festivals. Importance is placed on family, religion, education and self-discipline and respect.
1.2.1.ARCHITECTURE
Traditional Houses of the Old Cities in the other Syrian cities are preserved. the living quarters are arranged around one or more courtyards, typically with a fountain in the middle supplied by spring water, and decorated with citrus trees, grape vines, and flowers.
1.2.2.GATHERING IN SYRIA
Gatherings in Syria is very important and part of the society and culture since a very long time. Syrians always like to enjoy their gatherings while having food and listening to (Hakawati) which means ( story teller) And this has become part of their cullture.
1.2.3.MUSIC
Damascus, has been one of the Arab world’s centers for cultural and artistic innovation, especially in classical Arab music. Syria has also several Arab stars. Asmahan, Farid al-Atrash, Sabah Fakhry, Sabry Mudalal, and singer Lena Chamamyan. Syria was one of the earliest centers of Christian hymns Syrian Jewish religious music was very distinctive in Syria in the past and it is still very special in the Syrian jewish community in New York.
1.2.4.MEDIA
The first television in Syria was formed in 1960 when there was the united Arab republic between Syria and Egypt, and this television was broadcasting in black and white. There was a sector for Syrian cinema industry but it turned out that television serial business is more preferred. 15
Figure 6: Sabah Fakhry is a famous singer in Syria.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Syria http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Syria.html
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Figure 7: Traditional Syrian food
1.2.5. FAIRS AND FESTIVALS
There are many fairs and festivals that happen during the year in Syria such as Film and Theatre Festival in Damascus, Festival of Love and Peace in Lattakia, Jasmine Festival in Damascus, and Syrian Song Festival in Aleppo and more.
1.2.6. CUISINE
The main dishes that form Syrian cuisine are kibbeh, hummus, tabbouleh, fattoush, labneh, shawarma, mujaddara, shanklish, pastĹrma, sujuk and baklava. Syrians often serve selections of appetizers, known as meze, before the main course. za’atar, and cheese manakish are popular.
1.2.7. LITERATURE
Syrians have a proud culture of poetry. Syrian writers played an important role in the Arab literary and cultural revival of the 19th century. Most famous contemporary Syrian writers include, among others, Adonis, Muhammad Maghout, Haidar Haidar, Ghada al-Samman, Nizar Qabbani and Zakariyya Tamer. From 1918 to 1926, while Syria was under French rule, French Romantic influences inspired Syrian authors.
17 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Syria http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Syria.html
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Figure 8: Nizar Qabbani was a famous poet
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Figure 9: Palmyra site in Syria
1.3. OBJECTIVES
After the war occured in Syria, many people left their countries to other near countries, and the side of Syrians that the other countries are seeing in them is the saddest side, in this cultural venue I wanted to share the Syrian culture with another country to show them the real Syrian identity. Syria cultural venue is a non profit organization will be established by professionals of Syrian origin aiming to create and host a building for everyone to know more about the Syrian culture. This cultural venue will help to support the Syrian families in Lebanon in terms of financial aid, emotional support, and preserve culture for young people.
1.3.1.Help Syrians in Lebanon and Syria 1.3.2.Introducing the Syrian culture to others 1.3.3.Keeping the Syrian culture alive inside the children’s minds. 1.3.4.Explore creative side in young minds 1.3.5.Learn to communicate through visual means 1.3.6.Increase social interaction 1.3.6.Realize that everyone has creative potential and ability even through the hardest situations.
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CHAPTER 02 CASE STUDIES
2.1. Beirut House of Arts and Cuture 2.2. ABU DHABI CULTURAL FOUDTION 2.3. ARAB WORLD INSTITUTE 2.4. THE Venue POMPIDOU-METZ 2.5. CAIXAFORUM 2.6. BISHAN CULTURAL AND ART Venue
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BEIRUT HOUSE OF ARTS AND CULTURE BEIRUT - LEBANON
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Figure 10: Beirut house of arts and culture - Physical model
2.1.Beirut House of Arts and Culture Location: Beirut, Lebanon Organizer: GAIA Heritage + Ministry of Culture Client: Ministry of Culture, Lebanon Ranking: SECOND PRIZE Building type: Museum, Theatre, Exhibition, Library, Offices, Commercial space, Documentation Centre, 200 Parking lots Total Area: 30.800 m² Built up Area: 16.000 m² Year: 2009
http://st-ar.nl/house-of-arts-and-culture-2/
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The House of Arts and Culture appears at exactly the right moment to boost the already sizzling creativity of Beirut ever since the end of the period of violence in Lebanon between 1975 and 1990. Beirut never ceased to be a place of freedom of thought. Beirut was home to the first universities of the Middle East and was the birthplace of modern Arabic literature.
Figure 11: Site Plan
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2.1.1. Site Plan Description It is located in the middle of downtown Beirut, Lebanon surrounded by iconic towers in the near future. The House of Arts and Culture allows maximum flexibility and it represents the dynamism of Art and Culture in Beirut day after day.
2.1.2.Design Concept
The programme is grouped according to its qualities. By dividing the functions into two categories according to their requirements on height and street interaction, we obtain two volumes: a tall Box and a low Plinth. By keeping the plinth as low as possible, we ensure maximum urban conditions, both in the surroundings and within the plinth itself. The Box can host hundreds of different event configurations The Plinth hosts all the programmes on two levels, connected physically and visually, allowing for the maximum interaction between the functions on the inside and maximum connection with urban life outside. By concentrating the entire plinth programme on two levels, we minimize the use of the elevator so functions can be continued without interruptions
2.1.2.1.Form and Geometry
The Box and the Plinth that are the main shapes of The House of Arts and Culture and those shapes are going to accommodate the whole program of the House.
http://st-ar.nl/house-of-arts-and-culture-2/
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Figure 12: Form and Geomtry
2.1.2.2.Function and circulation
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2.1.2.3 Function The building contain Eight major functions: Museum, Theatre, Exhibition, Library, Offices, Commercial space, Documentation Centre, 200 Parking lots
Figure 13: Functions layers
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http://st-ar.nl/house-of-arts-and-culture-2/
2.1.2.4.Circulation
Figure 14: Vertical Circulation
Figure 15: Main entrance and Independent entrance
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Figure 18: Exterior view
Figure 16: Foyers And Plaza
2.1.3.Construction, Material and technology. 1.Opened Terraces with green roof 2.Reinforced concrete 3.Modern construction technologies, with glazed curtain walls 4.Very colorful facade with the glazing system
2.1.3.1. Structure System
1. 3 floors building 2. Exposed vertical circulation as part of the modern architecture style.
2.1.3.2.Sustainability and adabtility
Figure 17: bioclimatic concept
Sustainability should be divorced from its wellknown “trees-on-the-roof� image, but should be understood globally, beyond the usage of renewable energies alone. Sustainability must go hand in hand with durability. We provide the design within an environmentally friendly strategy and with the possibility of adaptation to new, future circumstances so The House does not become obsolete and inadequate
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ABU DHABI CULTURAL FOUNDATION ABU DHABI - UAE
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Figure 19: Abu Dhabi Cultural foundation building competion 1981
2.2 Abu Dhabi Cultural Foundation Location: Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Architect: Arcadd, Inc Client: UAE Public Works Department Building Type: Educational, public cultural venue Total area: 32,058 square meters Built up area: 8,262 square meters Year: 1981
The Cultural Foundation was established in Abu Dhabi in 1981 with the aim of promoting culture, enriching intellectual thought, encouraging fine arts and high- lighting the national, Arab and lslamic cul- tural heritage. Foundation was founded as a venue of art and learning and situated in a contempo- rary building of typical lslamic design with arched columns, elaborate courtyards and well designed gardens and beautiful ly carved doorways The Cultural Foundation is the main cen- tre for cultural events and history in Abu Dhabi. Throughout the year there are ternational performances of music and plays which can be enjoyed here There is also and abundance of artworks to view in the centre 5 ery with numerous local artists showcasing works.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_policy_in_abu_dhabi
1. Cultural Venue 2. Amphitheatre 3. Fountain 4. Drop-off Area 5. Parking 6. Entrance Area 7. Monument Shape 8. Angle Respect Figure 20: Site Plan
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2.2.1. Site Plan Description It is located in the middle of downtown Abu Dhabi, UAE, off Khalifa Street and next to the White Fort, also known as Qasr al-Hosn Palace. The Abu Dhabi cultural Foundation is open throughout the year. The timings of the foundation are from eight in the morning to two in the afternoon and from five in the evening to eight at night.
2.2.2.Design Concept Abu Dhabi Cultural Foundation is a mod ern complex with a traditional design This cultural foundation is designed trad tionally. The building has a typical Islamic architecture. The building hosts arched columns, elaborate courtyards.
2.2.2.1. Form and geometry
Abu Dhabi Cultural Foundation is a modern complex with a traditional design. This cultural foundation is designed traditionally. The building has a typical Islamic architecture. The building hosts arched columns, elaborate courtyards and beautifully carved doorways. The functional, concrete Cultural Foundation has an elegant colonnade designed to catch the breeze. The lslamic tiles are worth noting. The cultural foundation building showcases the Islamic culture Incorporating Qasr Al-Hisn, (the oldest fort tyards in Abu Dhabi) the foundation is housed in a delightful modern building of Islamic design with arching white colonnades, cool courtyards and restful gardens.
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https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/abu-dhabi-s-cultural-foundation-to-be-revitalised-1.80716
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Figure 21: Abu Dhabi Cultural Foundation - Bird Eye
2.2.2.2.Function and circulation
Ground floor circulation shows the accessibility of all the functions 1. Exhibition Hall 2. Exhibition 3. Auditorium 5. Children Education Venue
First Floor Circulation Shows The Accessibility of All The Functions 1. National Library 2. Reading Area 3. Exhibition Hall 4. Auditorium CHAPTER2
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2.2.2.3 Function The building contain Four major functions: The Library: It’s Defined by a layout of arcade that gives the future expansion. It’s defined by a layout of arcade that gives access to a series of courtyards to the southeast of the cultural venue. Conference facilities that includes 1000 seats auditorium is on the north west facilitate public access with lec- ture halls which are in the venue over looking the exhibition hall and can function independently or be used in conjuction with the library Venue exhibition hall that is three stories in height Entrance to children library exhibition stories in height Entrance to children library exhibiton hall and auditorium are on the ground floor. Figure 22: Ground Floor Functional Relationship
Figure 23: First Floor Functional Relationship
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www.lonelyplanet.com/united-arab emirates/abu-dhabi/sights/museum/cultural-foundation
2.2.2.4. Circulation
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2.2.3 Construction Matrial and Technology
Figure 24: Adopting Islamic Architecture Trend in the modern way
1.Glazed curtain walls in the reading area in the library 2.Reinforced concrete 3.The design incorporates most modern construction technologies, and includes decorative glazed brick tiled arcades and local architectural styles. 4.The library is defined by a layout of ar- cades which gives access to a series of courtyards to the southeast of the cultural venue. 5.The national library includes a one million� volume closed stack collection, main catalogue, circulation depart ment, reference department, children’s library, reading areas and research venue.
2.2.3.1 Structure System 1.Low-Rise-Two Floors 2.Arched Columns 3.Elaborate Courtyard 4.Beautifully Carved Doorways 5.Elegant Colonnades
2.2.3.2. Sustainability and adapt ability
Figure 25: Covered Walkways were designed to allow pedesterians to approach the building in shade
Elegant colonnade designed to catch the breeze. Arching white colonnades, cool court- yards and restful gardens.
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www.lonelyplanet.com/united-arab emirates/abu-dhabi/sights/museum/cultural-foundation
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ARAB WORLD INSTITUTE PARIS - FRANCE
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2.3 Arab World Institute Location: Paris, France Architect: Jean Nouvel Client: Institut du monde Arabe, Scarif Type: Educational, public cultural venue Total Area: 25,263 m2 Built Up Area: 16,894 m2 Year: 1988
The Institut du Monde Arabe (IMA) or Arab World Institute (AWI), in English, was established in 1980 in Paris, when 18 Arab countries concluded an agreement with France to establish the Institute to disseminate information about the Arab world and set in motion detailed research to cover Arabic and the Arab world’s cultural and spiritual values. The Institute also aims at promoting cooperation and cultural exchanges between France and the Arab world, particularly in the areas of science and technology, thus contributing to development of relations between the Arab world and Europe
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1. Main Road Entrance 2. VIP Entrance 3. Pedestrian walkway
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Figure 26: Site plan
2.3.1. Site Plan Description It is located along the Seine roughly at the boundary of historical Paris and a more modern urban fabric to the southeast, the beginning of which is marked by the university building at Jussieu 3 2 1
2.3.2.Design Concept The design inspired by Islamic Architecture allows it to be both cultural and climate aware. Architect Jean Nouvel is a master of glass construction; here, at the Institute of the Arab World, the tempers transparency with a mesmerizing facade of variable, iris like apertures that control the light entering the building, evoking a Moorish-style screen. The institute’s layout reinterprets the traditional enclosed Arab courtyard. Inside, items largely on loan from Syria and Tunisia present Arab culture from prehistory to the present day, with an emphasis on painting and medicine. The unique windows of the Parisian museum are reminiscent of the intricate Arabic patterns seen in many buildings, but with a twist. The windows are composed of metal eyes that dilate according to outdoor light conditions. The interior is host to a changing and complex lighting effect that layers daylight from the 30,000 apertures.
Figure 28: Single panel of the facade of Arab World Institute
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http://inhabitat.com/jean-nouvels-stunning-museum-facade-dilates-to-let-in-daylight/
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2.3.2.2.Form and geometry
The building mainly consists of three shapes The square that has the courtyard the rectangular shape, and the curvature shape that is done in a way to respect the street’s pavement.
Figure 29: The form of the building
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Figure 30: Isometrec for the building showing its geometry
2.3.2.2.Function and circulation
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Ground Floor Plan 1. Lobby 2. News Room 3. Temporary Exhibition Hall 4. Vertical Circulation circulation
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First Floor Plan 1. Library 2. Museum 3. Vertical Circulation circulation
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https://archnet.org/sites/637/media_contents/10043
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Second to Fifth Floor Plan 1. Library 2. Offices 3. Exhibition circulation
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Sixth Floor Plan 1. Museum 2. Library 3. Empty Museum 4. Offices circulation
Figure 31: The building consists of a museum, a library, an auditorium, office, and meeting rooms assembledwithin two wings separated by a courtyard opening out toward the Cathedral of Notre-Dame.
2.3.2.3. Functions The building consists of a museum, a library, an auditorium, offices and meet ing rooms assembled within two wings separated by a courtyard opening out toward the Cathedral of Notre-Dame. The translu cent marble facade of the seven-storey northern wing is elegant ly curved to follow the sweep of the quay. At the west end of this wing is the 100’000 volume library, a spiral tower of books behind a transparent wall of glass offering panoramic views.
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Figure 32: Sketch showing the functions of the building
Figure 33: Interior shot that shows the structure.
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Figure 34: Mashrabiya Components.
2.3.3. Construction, Material and technology
its development is covered with a curtain wall of glass and aluminum metal skeleton. The building has two appearances and two bodies, on the north side, confronting the waterway, the building is canvassed with glass in which clear pictures of the city on the opposite side are saddled. On the south side, the glass divider is secured by a sort of metal grid that takes after the “moucharabieh� run of the mill cross sections found in the porches and overhangs of the Bedouin nations. The two bodies are joined by a rise connect on the fourth floor.
2.3.3.1. Structure System
1. Six floors building 2. Steel frame with different spans 3. Steel columns and beams 4. Trusses and secondary supporting elements 5. Structural Joints
2.3.3.2 Sustainability
https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/building/arab-world-institute/
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The most remarkable metaphor in Arab World Figure 35:Sketch showing the mashrabiya layers in section Institute is its thousands of diaphragms on the facade. It imitates not only the form, but also the function of pores on the skin of human body. On human body, pores are used for body temperature regulation. They are the primary method of cooling. Same as these pores, the diaphragms on the facade are part of the cooling system of the whole building. They are controlled electronically from a photovoltic sensor which permits 10 to 30 percent daylight, thus keeping the temperature inside the building at a favorable level. When these diaphragms are opening or closing, it seems like skin is breathing
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THE CENTER POMPIDOU-METZ METZ - FRANCE
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Figure 37: Detail of the roof ’s skin
2.4 The dou-Metz
Center
Pompi-
Location: Metz, France Architect: Shigeru Ban Architects Type: public cultural venue Built Up Area: 10,660 m2 Height: 77 meter Year: 2010
The Centre Pompidou-Metz is a branch of Pompidou arts centre, and features temporary exhibitions from the large collection of the National Museum of Modern Art, the largest European collection of 20th and 21st century arts. The museum is the largest temporary exhibition space outside Paris in France, and includes also a theater, an auditorium, and a restaurant terrace. The building is remarkable for its roof structure, one of the largest and most complex built to date, which was inspired by a Chinese hat found in Paris by Shigeru Ban
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http://www.archdaily.com/490141/centre-pompidou-metz-shigeru-ban-architects
2.4.1. Site Plan Description The city of Metz has always been a crossroads between two of Europe’s greatest routes the North Sea-Mediterranean route from Amsterdam to Marseilles, and the Paris-Eastern. Europe route leading to Munich, Prague and Vienna. The Centre Pompidou-Metzis surrounded by two gardens and a terrace. This gently sloping terrace provides a direct pedestrian link to the railway station. Partly landscaped, it has the same dimensions as the Piazza in front of the Centre Pompidou. The five-acre garden is planted with flowering cherries, and its grassy folds enable rainwater to be collected from the roof and terrace. There are also numerous paths for visitors to make their way around and through the park. In contrast, the south garden is a private area designed by Agence Nicolas Michelin AssociÊs and Pascal Cribier. consists of an area of mineral landscap ing that can be used as a terrace in summer, and another area densely planted with birch trees
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Figure 38: Site plan
2.4.2.Design Concept The design was inspired by a traditional Chinese hat. The primary form was constructed from an armature of laminated timber forming a mesh and will be coated in fiberglass. The design of the new building speaks more to organic forms currently celebrated in popular architecture. It’s amazing that the original Pompidou could have look so “avant-gar de� just 30 years ago. The building still seems fresh, but with less edge, as it has become part of the global architectural vernacular
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http://www.archdaily.com/490141/centre-pompidou-metz-shigeru-ban-architects
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Figure 39: Sketch for the concept
2.4.2.1.Form and Geometry The 3 Boxes 3 galleries extrude out of the building envelope and face towards the three landmarks of the city. (railway station and cathedral) The Architect rotated the boxes So that natual light comes directly in each box. Long narrow plan has been inspired from NAVE of Metz cathedra
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Figure 40: The 3D mass showing the organic roof and the separation of the cubic masses
2.4.2.2.Function and circulation
Circulation
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Circulation
2.4.2.2. Functions
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Figure 41: Isometric showing the functions
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figure 42: Shot showing the structure of the roof from the below.
2.4.3 Construction Matrial and Technology 12,000 m3 of concrete (foundations and structure) 1,500 tons of reinforcing bars 970 tons of structural steel (walls and hexagonal tower) 650 tons of roof timber 18 km of beams and 16,000 pieces to build the wooden roof structure 8,000 sq m of PTFE membrane
2.4.3.1 Structure System 1.Mid-Rise - Four Floors 2.Organic roof made of timber 3.Columns covered with timber 4.Large curtain walls
2.4.3.2. Sustainability and adapt ability This structure is covered with a waterproof membrane made from fibre glass and teflon (PTFE or Poly-Tetra-Fluoro-Ethyl- ene). This waterproof material creates a naturally temperate environment, helping satisfy the building’s demanding energy requirements.
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http://www.archdaily.com/490141/centre-pompidou-metz-shigeru-ban-architects
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CAIXAFORUM
ZARAGOZA - SPAIN 67
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Figure 43: The outter facade of the caixa forum
2.5 Caixaforum Location: Zaragoza, Spain Architect: Estudio Carme Pinos Type: public cultural venue Built Up Area: 6000 sqm Year: 2014
In caixa forum building you can feel like a city both due to its uniqueness and to the public spaces it generates. According to its design, it is a building which connects with distant perspectives when walking around, providing at the same time introspection when inside its exhibition halls. Solving these two challenges by raising the level of the halls. This allows freeing the ground floor, where place the more open and transparent spaces: the lobby and the store. The aim is to create public spaces, make the park extend into the city by passing under the building a space which is lit at night with drawings obtained by perforating the plate, which in addition hides the structure supporting the elevated halls 69
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http://www.archdaily.com/522894/caixaforum-zaragoza-estudio-carme-pinos
2.5.1. Site Plan Description The caixaforum cultural venue was opened on June 27th, 2014. The building is located near to a high speed station providing expansive views towards the city venue, while an external terrace frames zaragoza’s 2008 expo site.
1. Main Road Entrance 2. Green sitting area 3. Terrace 4. Pedestrians walkways
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Figure 44: site plan
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2.5.2.Design Concept Caixaforum emblematic, innovative building that creates urban space and welcomes visitors, adding that the building “levitates, assuming the form of a monumental sculpture within the great green lung of the new 45,000 sqm park. It energy-savings features also received praise.
Figure 45: Hand sketch showing the rising concept to create plaza
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Figure 46: Photo showing the idea of the rising concept
2.5.2.1.Form and Geometry The caixaforum building’s form consists of two large broken elevated geometric volumes to achieve the desired goal of having a plaza in the ground level for the occupants.
Figure 48: Mass model showing the form of the building
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Figure 49: Mass model showing the form of the building
2.5.2.2.Function and circulation 15
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Basement Floor Plan
Circulation
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http://www.beta-architecture.com/caixa-forum-zaragoza-carme-pinos/
Circulation
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Figure 50: Section for the cultural venue
Figure 51: Interior shots from the building: The Auditorium and the Library 75
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2.5.2.3.Function
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Figure 52: Sketch showing functions from the ground level till the fourth level
2.5.3 Construction Matrial and Technology Structural concrete is one of the most characteristic elements of the building, among other materials used, such as aluminum. The “skin� of the building is covered with 1,600 perforated aluminum sheets, that allow locating the lights that provide the bluish lighting
2.5.3.1 Structure System
1.Mid-Rise - Four Floors 2- A series of load-bearing walls 3- A mushroom shaped pillar 4- Reinforced concrete core which supports a steel sub- structure made up of triangular trusses 5- Reinforced with a triangular steel truss 6-The facade is clad with aluminum sheet trays measuring 3 mm thick.
2.5.3.2. Sustainability and adapt ability This facade is covered with a skin made from aluminum to reduce the direct heat on the building and to provide the perfect amount of light. Also, the building is raised two levels from the ground level to provide a shaded plaza for the users of the cultural venue.
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Figure 53: Before and after construction
78
BISHAN CULTURAL AND ART Venue CHONGQING SHI, CHINA
79
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Figure 54: The Bishan Cultural and Art Venue
2.6 Bishan Cultural and Art Venue Location: Chongqing Shi, China Architect: Tanghua Architect & Associates Type: public cultural and art venue Built Up Area: 37736.51 m2 Year: 2016
It is one of the earliest projects in the area, and it is also the most important component of public service complex in Chongqing Green Island District. Bishan Cultural and Art Venue is located in the north of Central Park Lake, Bishan, Chongqing.
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2.6.1. Site Plan Description The Bishan cultural and art venue was opened in 2016. Bishan Cultural and Art Venue is located in the north of Central Park Lake, Bishan, Chongqing in China, and it is considered as one of the most important building in this area because of its design that imitates the nature of this area.
3
4
1 2
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1. Main Road Entrance 2. Entrance 3. Terrace 4. Pedestrians walkways Figure 55: Site Plan
2.6.2.Design Concept In the past, people used to say that the mountains were like jade, and there was a saying that the mountains were made of white stones, which were bright and smooth as jade, so they called it Bishan (jade mountain). Bishan Cultural and Art Venue reproduces the description of “Bishan” in an abstract architectural language, which is also a mapping of the surrounding landscape elements. We want this public building to be a “place”, not just a building. “Tanghua Architect & Associates”
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Figure 56: Sketch showing the interaction between the design and the landscape
2.6.2.1.Form and Geometry Three massifs stand opposite to each other, and the valley between them extends nearby. Such natural relationship inspire us. It would be the best response to the nature ,the city and the culture. The mass is cut according to the tendency of the valley. And this helps to connect several public spaces. The landscape in the western part of the site will flow into the building through the platform on the 2nd floor. This platform connects 3 masses and plays the role as City Parlor.
Figure 57: Diagram showing the three masses and the platform that connects these masses together
84
Figure 58: Photo showing the masses and the valley
2.6.2.2.Function and circulation
1. Office 2. Carpark 3. Lobby 4. Movie hall 5. Meeting room 6. Equipment Room Circulation
1. Movie hall 2. Meeting Room 3. Lounge 4. Multifunction room
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http://www.gooood.hk/bishan-cultural-and-art-venue-by-tanghua-architect-associates.htm
1. Lounge 2. Auditorium 3. Equipment Room 4. Multifunction Room
Circulation
1. Lounge 2. Auditorium 3. Equipment Room 4. Multifunction Room 5. Office 6. Roof Circulation
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1. Meeting Room 2. Equipment Room 3. Stage 4. Footbridge
1. Equipment Room 2. Carpark 3. Auditorium 4. Ticket Office
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Figure 59: Interior Shot
2.6.2.3.Function
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Figure 60: Sketch showing the functions of the building
2.6.3 Construction Matrial and Technology the main building is draped with glass curtain wall and grey grilles The horizontal line that formed by the orderly metal plates offers a plain and modern appearance. When it comes to the ‘inner surface’, glasses that combined with metal plates and aluminum mesh in different triangle planes create a Chinese traditional pattern called ice crack. Such texture also make the ‘inner surface’ an eye-catching ‘crystal’.
2.6.3.1 Structure System 1.Mid-Rise - Four Floors 2- Steel Trusses 3- Curtain wall system 4- Reinforced concrete
2.6.3.2. Sustainability and adapt ability
Figure 61: Facade’s Skin
The way that the building forms leads to sustainability, the glass curtain wall and grey grilles are helping to act against west sunburn and reduce the direct heat and glare coming to the inside of the building.
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Figure 62: Sketch showing the skin on facade
2.7 Comparative analysis 2.7.1 Comments
The buildings built-up areas are varying from 6000 m2 to 16000 m2. Most of te cases are consisting of 4 floors, and the highest one consists of 6 floors.
2.7.2 Findings
After the deep study of the case studies,locating the project in the center area of Beirut would be great, because it is an active area and always full of people. Considering the number of floors, it is going to be related to the given built-up area, which is 15000 sqm, and in this case the number floors are going to be between 4-6 floors. which is enough to accommodate the venue’s program To improve the project, sustainibility is required to be applied to the venue. Taking advantages from beirut’s strong sunlight and beautiful daily breeze, by having courtyards, natural lighting, green roofs and more will appear after the concept becomes settled. The structure should be decided after the concept gets approved. But mostly in Lebanon the most common building material used is reinforced concrete.
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Case Study Beirut House Of Arts And Culture
Architect /Date Star Strategies + Architecture
Beirut Lebanon
2009
Built Up Area\ Floors
Site
16.000 m²middle of downtown 3 Floors Beirut, Lebanon
Abu Dha- Arcadd, Inc 8,262 m² middle of downbi Cultural town Abu Foundation Dhabi, UAE Abu Dhabi - 1981 2 Floors UAE
Climatic Sus- Building material, “Compoconstruction tainability nents” &Structure Museum, Reinforced conSolar Panels Theatre,Excrete, glazed and Green hibition,Licurtain walls, Roofs brary,Offices, Exposed vertiCommercial cal circulation space,Documentation Centre, Parking lots colLibrary, Con- colonnade de- arched colonference facili- signed to catch umns, ties, Exhibition the breeze - cool nades, glazed brick tiled arhall, Children- courtyard cades, reinLibrary, Auditoforced concrete rium
Arab World Jean Nouvel 16,894 m²along the Seine Institute roughly at the Paris, France 1988 boundary 6 Floors of historical Paris
Library, Offic- diaphragms on Steel frames, es, Exhibition the facade. It im- steel columns beams, hall, meeting itates the light. and trusses, joints rooms, Museum, Auditorium
surrounded by two gardens and a terrace. 4 Floors in Metz, France
Library, restau- waterproof ma- C o n c r e t e , rants, galleries, terial creates a Structural steel, A u d i t o r i u m , naturally tem- roof timber, colStudio perate environ- umns ment
The Venue Shigeru Ban 10,660 Pompidou Architects m² Metz, France
2010
Caixa Forum E s t u d i o 6000 m² near to Plaza, restau- skin to reduce C o n c r e t e , a high Carme Pinos rants, Shops, the direct heat l o a d - b e a r i n g speed pillars, Zaragoza, Exhibition, Stu- on building walls, station Spain dio, classroom, and the perfect steel trusses, providing with 2014 Offices, Audi- amount of light. cladding 4 Floors expansive torium, Chil- Also, and shad- aluminum sheet views to- dren’s room trays ed plaza wards the city venue in the Bishan Cul- Tanghua Ar- 37736.51 Lounge, Exhi- grey grilles are Steel Trusses, north of wall tural and Art chitect & As- m² bition, Offices, helping to act Curtain Central Venue sociates A u d i t o r i u m , against west system, Park Multifunction sunburn and re- Reinforced conLake, C h o n g q i n g 2016 rooms. duce the direct crete Bishan, Shi, China heat 4 Floors Chongq91
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ing in China,
2.8 Findings Beirut House Of Arts And Culture Beirut - Lebanon 16.000 m²
% Abu Dhabi Cul- % tural Foundation Abu Dhabi UAE 8,262 m²
Arab World Institute Paris, France 16,894 m²
%
-Library
Main
-Exhibition
58
57
59
37
38
36
5
5
5
-Auditorium
Supportive
-Studios
-Restaurant & Coffee shop -Management -Shops
-Restrooms
Services
-Kitchens -Technical Services -Maintenance room
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Stores
The Venue % Pompidou Metz, France 10,660 m²
Caixa Forum Zaragoza, Spain 6000 m²
%
Bishan Cultural % and Art Venue Chongqing Shi, China 37736.51 m²
comments
Most of the area in my project will be occubied by main functions as I saw in the case studies 60
57
56
My project will contain enough supportive functions to satisfy the needs of the users and enhance the building. 35
38
39
My project will be efficiently supported by services to enhance its performance
5
5
5
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94
CHAPTER 03 PROGRAM
3.1. INTRODUCTION 3.2. PROGRAM 3.3. CONCLUSION
95
3.1. Introduction Syria cultural venue is a complex to spread the Syrian culture and introduce it to other people, it is also a place for gathering and sharing different activities under one roof. The main aspect of design is accessibility, physical appearance, functional programming, spatial needs and requirements of the complex based on the findings in outcomes of the case studies. Process of the concept development based on the architectural programming. Today we define architectural programming as the research decision making process that identifies the scope of work and the functional requirement of it.
Services:
3.2. Program
Toilets
Main Activities: -Library -Auditorium -Exhibition
Pantry
MEP
Maintenance
Transformer
Main Activities:
Supportive Activities: -Offices and Adminstration -Restaurants -Shops -Outdoor area -Kids’ venue
Supportive Activities: Auditorium Offices and Adminstration Studios Kids’ Venue
Services: -Restrooms -Kitchens -Technical services -Stores -Maintenance room
Shops
Exhibition Library
Restaurants
Entrance Weak Medium Strong Figure 63: Functional program interaction
4 3 2 1
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G Figure 64: Section for the program relationship
3.2.1. Main Activities Auditorium Function
Quantity Area/Person User/unit
Area/Unit
Foyer And Reception
1
1
300
300
Total (m2) 300
VIP entrance
1
1
80
80
80
Auditorium
1
0.6
1000
600
600
Stage and Back Stage 1
1
170
170
170
Project Room
30
1
30
30
1
Total
1180 m2 Main Activities:
Stage & backstage Auditorium
Studios
Exhibition
Auditorium
VIP Entry
project room
Library
Foyer & reception Figure 65: Pie Chart for The Auditorium With Percentages
Exhibition Function
Quantity Area/Person User/unit
Area/Unit
Foyer And Reception
1
1
300
300
Total (m2) 300
Gallery
2
2
700
1410
2820
Total
3130 m2 Main Activities:
Auditorium
Studios
Exhibition
Galleries
Library
Foyer & reception
Figure 66: Pie Chart for The Exhibition With Percentages
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*Neufert, Wiley-Blackwell, Fourth Edition, 2015
Studios Function
Quantity Area/Person User/unit
Area/Unit
Lecture Or Working room Offices
8
4
30
120
Total (m2) 960
6
4
2
8
48
Total
1008 m2 Main Activities:
Auditorium
Studios
Lectures or working room
Offices
Library
Exhibition
Entrance
Figure 67: Pie Chart for The Studios With Percentages
Library Function
Quantity Area/Person User/unit
Area/Unit
Reception
1
1
300
300
Total (m2) 300
Reading Area and Shelves Conference Room
1
4
600
2400
2400
1
1.5
100
150
150
Computer research room Office
1
2.5
300
750
750
1
4
10
40
40
Archive
1
-
4
200
200
Total
3840 m2 Main Activities:
computer room Auditorium
Studios
Exhibition
Archieve
Reading & shelves area
Library
Foyer & reception
office
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Conference room
Figure 68: Pie Chart for The Library With Percentages
3.2.2. Supportive Activities Restaurants Function
Quantity Area/Person User/unit
Area/Unit
Restaurant
2
2
182
365
Total (m2) 730
cafe
1
2
170
340
340
Total
1070 m2 Supportive Activities:
Offices and Adminstration
Kids’ Venue
cafe
Restaurant
Shops Restaurants
Entrance
Figure 69: Pie Chart for The Restaurant With Percentages
Shops Function
Quantity Area/Person User/unit
Area/Unit
Shops
4
2
100
200
Total (m2) 800
Goods rooms
4
-
-
60
240
Total
1040 m2
Supportive Activities:
Goods room
Offices and Adminstration
Shops
Kids’ Venue
Shops Restaurants
Entrance
Figure 70: Pie Chart for The Shops With Percentages
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*Neufert, Wiley-Blackwell, Fourth Edition, 2015
Administration and Offices Function
Quantity Area/Person User/unit
Area/Unit
Manager Office
1
30
1
30
Total (m2) 30
Secretary
1
10
1
10
10
Staff office
1
10
10
100
100
Meeting Room
1
2
50
100
100
Archive and Printing
1
1
-
30
30 270 m2
Main Activities:
Manager’s office
Secretary
Auditorium
Studios
Meeting room Exhibition
Staff offices
Library
Archieve
Figure 71: Pie Chart for The Administration With Percentages
Kid’s Venue Function
Quantity Area/Person User/unit
Area/Unit
Toys Room
1
2
150
300
Total (m2) 300
TV & Video Games Room Stories Room
1
2
150
300
300
1
2
150
300
300
Breastfeeding room
1
4
20
80
80
Canteen
1
1.5
10
15
15
Total
995 m2 Main Activities:
Auditorium
Studios
Exhibition
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100
Figure 72: Pie Chart for The Kids’ Venue With Percentages
Library
Stories room
breastfeeding room
TV & Video games
Toys room
entrance canteen
3.2.3. Services
Services Function
Quantity Area/Person User/unit
Area/Unit
Maintenance room
3
-
-
60
Total (m2) 210
Stores
10
-
-
20
200
Technical Services
10
-
-
50
500
Prayer Room
4
2
20
40
160
Restrooms
46
0.9
1
0.9
42
Kitchen
3
3
20
50
50
Total
1162 m2 Services:
Toilets
Pantry
Maintenance
MEP
Transformer
Figure 73: Pie Chart for The Services With Percentages
3.3. Conclusion Space Of Activity
Total Area
Percentage
Main Activities
9160
53%
Supportive Activities
3375
20%
Services
1162
7%
Circulation
3424
20%
Total
17121
100%
101
*Neufert, Wiley-Blackwell, Fourth Edition, 2015
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Figure 74: Pie Chart for The three Functions With Percentages
102
CHAPTER 04 SITE ANALYSIS
4.1. INTRODUCTION ABOUT BEIRUT 4.2. POTENTIAL SITE SELECTION 4.3. SITE COMPARISON CRITERIA 4.4. THE SELECTED SITE 103
4.1. Introduction about Beirut 4.1.1. General Information
Country: Lebanon City: Beirut Area of Beirut: 85 km2 Density of Beirut : 3,500 person/sqkm Population of Beirut: 361,366 person Subdivisions of governorates: districts and sectors Time Zone: EET (UTC+2) Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)
4.1.2. Population of Lebanon Population: 7,750,000 ( January 2017 est.) – 2 million Syrian and 450,000 Palestinian refugees Growth rate: 0.98% (2014 est.) Birth rate: 14.8 births/1,000 population (2014 est.) Death rate: 4.95 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.) Life expectancy: 77.22 years (2014 est.)
4.1.2.1. Age Structure 0–14 years: 25.2% 15–64 years: 61.3% 65 and over: 9.4%
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104
Figure 75: Pie Chart for The nationalities that are in lebanon
4.1.3. Climate
Lebanon has a Mediterranean climate characterized by long, hot, dry summers and short, cool, rainy winters. The climate is determined by Lebanons’s location between the subtropical aridity of the African continent and the subtropical humidity of the eastern Mediterranean area. The driest month is July, with 0 mm of rainfall. The greatest amount of precipitation occurs in January, with an average of 196 mm. Figure 76: The warmest month of the year is August, with an average temperature of 27.5 °C. The lowest average temperatures in the year occur in January, when it is around 13.5 °C.
Figure 77: The greatest amount of precipitation occurs in January, with an average of 196 mm.
Figure 78: The sun path in Beirut
Figure 79: The wind direction in Beirut during the year.
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https://www.gaisma.com/en/location/ http://www.holiday-weather.com/beirut/averages/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beirut
4.1.3. Beirut’s Main Districts
Figure 80: Beirut’s main districts.
4.1.4. Beirut Landuse
Residential Units are mainly the rest Figure 81: Beirut’s Landuse overlapped on the masterplan
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106
4.2. Potential Site Analysis
Figure 82: Site 1
Figure 83: Site 2
Figure 83: Site 3
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http://www.arcgis.com/ http://website.aub.edu.lb/Neighborhood/Pages/analyticalmaps.aspx
4.2.1. Waterfront Port District Summer Sun-Path
Area: 48000 sqm Accessibility: Mir Majid Arsalan Street Surroundings: Zaytounay Bay, Four Seasons Hotel, Music Hall Waterfront
Winter Sun-Path
Winter Wind North-West
Summer Wind South-West
Landmarks
Main Street
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108
Figure 84: The port waterfront area view
4.2.2. Mar Mikhael District (Byblos Area) Area: 25000 sqm Accessibility: George Haddad street, Shafiq Alwazan Street Surroundings: Cusader Castle, Planet discovery, Al Omari Mosque, Lebanese Parliament, St. George Cathedral, Archeological Museum, Satue of Martyrs
Summer Sun-Path
Winter Sun-Path
Winter Wind North-West
Summer Wind South-West
Landmarks
Figure 85: The Roman ruins facing the plot
Main Street
109
Beirut’s Municipality - Autocad File
CHAPTER 4
Figure 86: Al Najma plaza
4.2.3. Bachoura District Summer Sun-Path
Area: 25000 sqm Accessibility: General Foad Shehab street Surroundings: St. Joseph University, Gibran Khalil Gibran’s Garden
Winter Sun-Path
Winter Wind North-West
Summer Wind South-West
Landmarks
Main Street
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110 Figure 87: Gibran Khalil Gibran’s Garden Beirut’s Municipality - Autocad File
4.3. Site Comparison Criteria Criteria
Weight
Site 1 Waterfront Port District
Program fitting in the plot
10
8
80
10
100
6
60
Accessbility
10
8
80
10
100
8
80
Location
8
6
48
10
80
6
48
Visibility
8
8
64
8
64
4
32
Surroundings
6
8
48
10
60
6
36
Orientation
6
6
36
10
60
6
36
Amenities
6
4
24
8
48
4
24
Sound Pollution
4
8
32
8
32
8
32
View
4
10
40
8
32
4
16
Shape of The Plot
4
6
24
8
32
4
16
Total
476
Site 2 Site 3 Mar Mikhael Bachoura District District (Byblos)
608
380
4.4. Site Selection After the deep study and the comparison between the three sites, it turned out that the second site is the most suitable one, which is located in Byblos area for the benefits of its historical surrounding that suits the Cultural Venue.
4.4.1 Site Selection 1. The Size Is suitable and accommodates the program. 2. The Site is historical and it is a strong point to attract many people. 3. The site is surrounded by many historical landmarks. 4. Accessbility is provided by two well-known main roads. 111
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112
CHAPTER 05
CONCLUSION AND DESIGN CONCEPT 5.1. CONCLUSION 5.2.DESIGN CONCEPT CRITERIA
113
5.1. Conclusion Syria cultural venue is a non profit organization aiming to create and host a building for everyone to know more about the Syrian culture. This culture gathering helps to support the Syrian families in Lebanon in terms of financial aid, emotional support, and preserve culture for young people.
Concepts Analysis Beirut House of arts and culture - Two masses, the related activities are close to each other and related in one mass, other activities are located in the other mass. Abu Dhabi Cultural Foundation - Designed as a modern complex of the Islamic architecture with courtyards to provide activities in the ground levels. Arab World Institute - Islamic Architecture introduced threough the facade in a very moden and technological way that serves climatic issues. Venue Of Pompidou-Metz - Separated masses for the activities rotated then covered with a skin to create the feeling of one united mass and to reduce the direct sun heat. Caixa Forum - Two large broken masses for the activities providing a shaded area in venue and covered with a skin to reduce the direct heat. Bishan Cultural and arts Venue - Consists of separated masses their top view pattern is done according to the urban pattern of the city and then covered with skin (grilles) on the western side to reduce the heat and glare.
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114
Figure 90: Beirut House of arts and culture
Figure 91: Abu Dhabi cultural Foundation
Figure 92: Arab World Institute
Figure 93: Venue Of Pompidou-Metz
Figure 94: Caixa Forum
Figure 95: Bishan Cultural and Arts Venue
Program
Services:
The main aspect of design is accessibility, physical appearance, functional programming, spatial needs and requirements of the complex based on the findings in outcomes of the case studies. Process of the concept development based on the architectural programming. Today we define architectural programming as the research decision making process that identifies the scope of work and the functional requirement of it.
Toilets
Pantry
MEP
Maintenance
Transformer
Main Activities:
Supportive Activities: Auditorium Offices and Adminstration
Studios
Kids’ Venue
Exhibition
Shops
Library Restaurants
Entrance 4 3
Weak
2
Medium
1
Strong
G
Figure 64: Section for the program relationship
Quantative Results Space Of Activity
Total Area
Percentage
Main Activities
9160
53%
Supportive Activities
3375
20%
Services
1162
7%
Circulation
3424
20%
Total
17121
100%
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Area: 25000 sqm Accessibility: George Haddad street, Shafiq Alwazan Street Surroundings: Cusader Castle, Planet discovery, Al Omari Mosque, Lebanese Parliament, St. George Cathedral, Archeological Museum, Satue of Martyrs
Summer Sun-Path Winter Wind North-West Winter Sun-Path Landmarks
Selected site Byblos area has a very strong historical surroundings that suits the Cultural Venue and attract people to join the activities in this cultural venue and it has an easy access and always full of people A cultural venue in such a historical area will be benificial for both; the area itself as it attracts tourists and for the venue itself as it will gain money to help Syrian refugees in Lebanon Site Selection Reasons
HAPTER 5
116
1. The Size Is suitable and accommodates the program. 2. The Site is historical and it is a strong point to attract many people. 3. The site is surrounded by many historical landmarks. 4. Accessbility is provided by two well-known main roads.
Figure 96: Byblos’s Historical souqs and Sikkas
Summer Wind South-West Main Street
5.2. Design Criteria And Concept - The Cultural venue needs separated masses to have its activities in it in an efficient way - The Efficient natural lighting is important and preferable than the artificial lighting for the Cultural venue and it saves energy and money. - Outside courtyards or Plazas are required to connect the inside and outside activities together abd create interaction between them. -The venue should attract all the nationalities to it by having unique form, concept, and program. -The venue should serve people from different ages to spend good times and learn new things. -It should accommodate different annual and monthly events - It should have one or two sustainable aspects to save money as this venue is a non-profit organization.
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Figure 97: Potential ideas sketches
waterproof membrane made from fibre glass and teflon (PTFE)
Figure100: Concept 1, Top view on site
Figure 98: Concept 1, 3D shot on the site
5.2.1 The Stacked Volumes - Separated boxes to locate the different activities - The boxes are creating shadow for each other and terraces -Covered with a shel -Providing natural lighting 3 separated masses repeated and rotated
Pushing in one side to create courtyard in the middle
Courtyard
Entrance
Creating bridges between the masses for conncetion
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118
Waterproof membrane shell to control the climate
Figure102: Concept 1, Section
Reinforced concrete
waterproof membrane made from fibre glass and teflon (PTFE)
Reinforced concrete
Figure101: Concept 2, Top view on site
Figure 99: Concept 2, 3D shot on the site
5.2.2. The United L shapes - Separated L shapes arranged in a united way to locate the different activities - Providing courtyards between zones, for gathering and natural lighting -Covered with a shel 4 separated L shapes masses
Creating intersection between the shapes to create conncetion
Entrance
Figure103: Concept 2, Section
Courtyard is formed in the middle afterward
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Waterproof membrane shell to control the climate
Courtyard
waterproof membrane made from fibre glass and teflon (PTFE)
5.2.3 The Terraced Box - The Terraces are providing interaction between the inside and outside activities and taking advantages of the beautiful breeze of Beirut. - The Terraces are creating separation between the spaces to locate the different activities and create natural lighting. 2 separated masses
Pushing some sides of the building to create different spaces for functions
Terraces
afterwards the terraces are created
Entrance
120
Waterproof membrane shell to control the climate
Reinforced concrete
“Architecture belongs to culture, not to civilization ” -ALVAR AALTO
121
122
APPENDIX
REVIEWED DRAFTS NEUFERT REFERENCES
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