DETERIORATION, DESIGN, RECLAMATION. THE MADELVIC CENTRE Adopting a ‘No Blank-Slate’ approach towards a derelict historical building, through adaptive reuse and designing in consideration of deconstruction.
MOLLY SINCLAIR S1845189
CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 GRANTON
CHAPTER 5 RECLAMATION
history urban context future mapping developments connection to edinburgh community in granton
Rotor DC development mapping of granton material cost of development local collaborators Glasgow Wood
CHAPTER 2 EXISTING CONDITION AND TECTONICS OF THE MADELVIC CAR FACTORY
CHAPTER 6 TIMELINE AND LONGEVITY
strucural and condition analysis tectonic qualities internal and external material condition
site timeline and phasing building passport deconstruction and building layers manual life cycle assesment and re-use potential
CHAPTER 3 REQUIREMENTS AND SOLUTIONS: DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
APPENDIX
structure fabric tectonic experimentation and iteration through models technical brief
models animations images
BIBLIOGRAPHY CHAPTER 5 THE RECLAIMED MADELVIC design follows deterioration site and building programme material flows across the site environmental considerations architectural drawing set sectional model detail drawings perspective views
CHAPTER 1 | GRANTON
HISTORIC NETWORK Granton is a locality within the City of Edinburgh, situated North of the city centre. It is a coastal area with one of the boundaries being the shoreline that leads into the Firth of Forth. Granton began as a predominantly agricultural settlement and slowly transformed into an industrial hub, which took advantage of its harbour and coastal location to facilitate ventures in fishing and shipbuilding. Granton does not have a distinct centre, as expected from outer city settlements. It does however have a network of heritage buildings and structures. These structures have remained in place throughout decades of redevelopment in the area, and serve as a homage to the history of the settlement. The site of this project is situated within this network, at the old Madelvic Car Factory which has laid abandoned since 2001. The site also includes the adjacent Madelvic House and large plot of land to the west, where various expansions and developments of the original factory have taken place over time.
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SITE HISTORY DRIVEN BY AN AMBITIOUS MIND: MADELVIC MOTOR COMPANY The Madelvic Motor Company was developed by Edinburgh Astronomer, William Peck, who invented the 5-wheel electric Madelvic Car. The Madelvic factory, constructed in 1898 to facilitate the manufacturing of this car, has been declared the oldest purpose-built car factory in the United Kingdom. Peck had ambitious plans for the Madelvic car, that were outwith his budget. This subsequently led to the liquidation of the company only a year after it was first opened, with all assets auctioned off by 1990. Since the initial building of the Madelvic Car Factory, it has been reused and re purposed for a variety of occupancies, including other car company factories, engineering factories and torpedo storage during wartime. The last occupants, United Wire, occupied the car factory between 1925 before relocating to newly built premises in 2001. The company used the factory to manufacture wire and textiles. The factory entrance.
The ‘fifth wheel’ emblem of the Madelvic Motor Company currently existing above the door of Madelvic House.
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Madelvic Motor Company: Electric Car Factory
Kingsborough Motor Company: Car Factory
Stirling Carriage Company: Bus and Lorry
Scottish Motors: Engineering Factory
Granton Engineering Factory
WWI Resource Storage
United Wire: Factory
Factory left to dereliction with various stakeholders engaging
The battery powered, electric Madelvic Car with central fifth wheel.
Plaque installed on site in 2021 to commemorate the historical significance of the factory.
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FACTORY AS DESIGNED
BESPOKE DESIGN FOR PURPOSE
GROUND FLOOR GROUND FLOOR
The Madelvic Car Factory was constructed to the specification of the company, providing spaces for the various different functions required. The building footprint comprises of two double floored, elongated rectangular buildings, joint together by a single story pitched roof building and adjoining footbridge.
GROUND FLOOR
FIRST FLOOR FIRST FLOOR
UPPER FLOOR
Tectonically, the building has been designed to support the different functions required in the process of manufacturing a car. The nature of the activities taking place on the ground floor shows the requirement for a strong concrete foundation that supports heavy engineering and construction of large parts. The upper floor to the East facilitates light making, with the West side acting as an area for smaller engineering work, storage and drawing offices. This specification exhibits the finalised design of the factory, but historic records further prove the ambition of the company. The illustration below depicts the visualisation for the car factory, with an additional third floor and two further buildings.
Illustration of the proposed design.
NORTH NORTH
GROUND FLOORFLOOR GROUND
The Madelvic Car.
ENGINEERING AND FRAME ENGINEERING AND MAKING FRAME MAKING
VARNISH ROOM ROOM VARNISH
BODY MAKING BODY MAKING
PAINT SHOP PAINT SHOP
BLACKSMITH BLACKSMITH HEAVY ENGINEERING SHOP SHOP HEAVY ENGINEERING SHOW ROOM SHOW ROOM The Madelvic Car under Royal Mail commission.
FIRSTFIRST FLOORFLOOR
TESTINGTESTING AND RUNNING SHOP SHOP AND RUNNING
TRIMMING/PATTERN SHOP SHOP TRIMMING/PATTERN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TYRE ROOM TYRE ROOM STORE ROOM STORE ROOM DRAWING OFFICEOFFICE DRAWING
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THE MADELVIC AS BUILT The construction stayed relatively true to the final design with the factory built to the aforementioned specifications. The adjacent diagram exhibits the final space uses of the factory building constructed in 1898. The surrounding buildings are a result of various expansions made by United Wire enhance their facilities. At present, only concrete foundations of these additional buildings remain in the brownfield site.
The Madelvic Car Factory site in 1936, occupied by United Wire.
Artefacts in the remaining foundations of the Madelvic expansions existing on the site.
The Madelvic Car Factory, labelled as built in 1898.
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The site occupied by United Wire in 1936, with the surrounding Granton railway and coastline.
Entrance to the United Wire with Madelvic House (left) and factory extension.
Interior of the East upper block in the factory while occupied by United Wire.
Ground floor of the factory while occupied by United Wire.
Interior view of United Wire joinery workshop (since demolished).
View of the West facade of the factory from the interior of an extension.
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CONSTRUCTION, DECONSTRUCTION By studying historical maps of historical development in Granton, the full extent of the expansion and demolition of the Madelvic site can be appreciated. This meaning the site itself has already produced a significant amount of carbon from alterations and demolitions throughout its lifespan.
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GRANTON MASTERPLAN The Granton area has been subject to a variety of interventions in the form of masterplans. The latest ‘Waterfront Development Framework’ has been designed by Collective Architecture, and aims to reactivate this area of the coastline through new building and landscaping, with community and sustainability at its heart. It is hoped that the development will encourage stronger connection to the city centre, especially as Edinburgh undergoes its journey towards becoming a net-zero 2030 city.
landscaping to create green spaces
new build developments
activated travel routes
To Leith
To City Centre To Pennywell
To City Centre
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WITHIN THE EDINBURGH CITY PLAN As well improving connection to Edinburgh’s City Centre, the redevelopment in Granton aims to provide stronger connection to other coastline settlements to Leith, Portobello and beyond, into East Lothian. Opportunity is also provided to enhance and create new marine routes.
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COMMUNITY NETWORK Areas of community and enterprise are already present within Granton. However, with the projected development of housing there is more demand from Granton residents for community spaces.
existing community groups and spaces
new community spaces under construction
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COMMUNITY GROUPS ON SITE GRANTON:HUB The granton:hub community group is a charity that has been formed by Edinburgh City Council and operates on a volunteer basis, which aims to secure a sustainable, community centric future for the Madelvic House and Factory site. The group organises various events through the community garden and history group, which encourages creativity and curiosity of those within the Granton community. “granton:hub promotes the arts,supports community education, and encourages local involvement in creative activities by providing a welcoming space for people to meet and learn new skills.” The granton:hub group is currently located in Madelvic House, adjacent to the car factory building. The group has expressed that their current facility is too large for their requirements, and some issues of accessibility have been raised. The community garden space serves a number of functions including, an outdoor community gathering space, wildflower garden and market, biodiversity garden, scrapstore with reclaimed materials for artist projects and areas to exhibit art. While still a work in progress, the garden has an enthusiastic team of volunteers working to upkeep and develop this community space within Granton.
Volunteers working to develop the community garden.
Signage at the entrance.
Visualisation by Liz Thomas landscape architect of the granton:hub community garden as designed.
Planters in the community garden.
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COMMUNITY VOICES IN GRANTON Existing residents of Granton have had the opportunity to provide opinion and make comments on the proposed masterplan. Generally, residents would like to see more gathering spaces and leisure facilities to not only bring together residents, but attract new people to the area. Many believe this new development should not be at the expense of the existing community spaces and historically significant sites. The following comments have been compiled from both the responses to the Edinburgh City Council’s Granton regeneration consultation in 2019 and interviews of residents by a group of ECA researchers in 2022.
“It’s really looking for opportunities. We were called the Madelvic Community. We didn’t think that had the kind of catchy name in a sense because there is nobody who knew about Madelvic House, certainly not knowing about Madelvic Car Factory.”
“You can get people involved if you go street by street and show them through small wins, what can be achieved for public good if people work together. Such as planting fruit trees and making community gardens.”
“There aren’t any processes integrating folk.”
“More spaces to attract community gathering - cafes, restaurants, markets etc. - You need to build communities not just throw up loads of flats. Communities need shops, cafes, pubs, meeting places.”
“Many potential uses. Open it up, regenerate it. Invite new opportunities into the disused space.”
“We need at least a cafe or a social hub.”
“land must be recycled in the same way that other items that have outlived their usefulness are.”
“I strongly feel that we should be thinking about forward thinking carbon-neutral solutions which give back to the planet rather than taking away from it.” “The character and history of the area should be protected. I’d hate to see the removal of historic buildings, industrial training, local enterprise and community facilities.”
History is a mirror - shows people who they are. Shows them where they come from. What is our story?”
“It needs to be open and available for all members of the community.”
Visualisation from Granton Development Framework proposal.
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“No matter how poor or deprived the area is, or used to be, there has always been this community spirit.”
“There is already a lot of housing. It is the sense of place that needs to be improved. The best way to do this would be via introducing more of a community feel.”
“It needs to be open and available for all members of the community.”
“Bring derelict buildings back into use.”
“Groups within the smaller communities within Granton work hard to support local creativity and enterprise to better the lives of those living nearby such as Move on Wood Recycling, Granton Goes Greener, and Granton Community Gardeners and Bakery.”
“Preserve history and culture.” “A lot of your [granton masterplan] pictures involve concrete and building I am not sure we need that.” “Build on the history of the electric car factory.” “It’s romantic wallowing in the drama of loss and what’s gone - watching buildings getting demolished while you hold onto memories.”
“Community lifelong learning spaces.”
Visualisation from Granton Development Framework proposal.
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CHAPTER 2 | EXISTING CONDITION AND TECTONICS OF THE MADELVIC CAR FACTORY
1:200 site model, created in collaboration with Tenny Zhang, Ryan Liu, Ke Liu, Fin Stewart and Timour Hiel.
STRUCTURAL AND CONDITION ANALYSIS
The predominant material systems within the existing Madelvic Car Factory are made up of steel, brick and concrete. In the rectangular, double storey buildings a steel beam and column grid at 4.6m spacing and load-bearing traditional brickwork walls provide stability to the building. Horizontal loads are distributed to the brickwork walls and steel columns through the roof and floor structures, which are transferred down into the concrete slab. This is known structurally as ‘diaphragm action’. The single storey central space is made up of trusses which connect to the steel beams supporting the floor, the trusses act as support for a timber roof. The upper floors in the double storey buildings differs on each side. The west building floor is made up of timber joists and floorboards, with the East building made up of a concrete slab with steel filler joists. The roof structure is a timber flat roof which, similarly to the floors, is supported by the steel beam and column grid. Within the brickwork, each window features a relieving arch, which enhances the stability of the wall around the opening. In 2014, a structural survey was carried out on the Madelvic Factory which assessed its viability for future use and adaptation. It is acknowledged that the building was suitable for retention but did have some decaying elements which would require ‘remedial works and reinstatement’.
Illustrated structural survey drawing exhibiting the condition of existing tectonic structure.
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ANALYSIS THROUGH MODELLING Throughout the analysis of tectonics within the existing factory, physical models acted as an essential tool to fully understand the construction of elements and systems within the building. Various model iterations of the existing factory at different scales from 1:5 to 1:200, revealed new aspects of the structure which were essential to the discovery of design and re-use potentials.
1:200 building model.
1:100 deconstructable ‘kit of parts’ building model.
1:200 building model.
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STEEL CONNECTIONS COLUMN AND BEAM The steel within the building is held together by plates, nuts and bolts, with minimal welding evident. In the case of the beam and column grid, the horizontal columns are bolted into a system comprised of a two small beams and a large plate.
Existing steel beam connection.
1:5 steel column and beam model.
1:5 column and beam model ‘kit of parts’.
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STEEL CONNECTIONS TRUSS The truss structure is comprised of steel lengths, held together by small steel plates. The triangular structure supports the load of the single storey timber roof structure.
Truss structure supporting the roof of the single storey portion within the building.
1:200 iterative truss models.
Truss (de)construction diagram exploring the tectonic makeup of the component, illustration by Ke Liu.
1:50 single storey sectional model exhibiting the truss structure, created by Tenny Zhang, Ryan Liu, Ke Liu and Timour Hiel.
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STEEL CONNECTIONS TRUSS TO BEAM The horizontal steel beams pierce through the internal brickwork walls where a small platform is created to hold a steel plate. The truss structure is bolted into this plate which provides stability to the overall structure.
Truss to beam connection as existing.
Connection (de)construction diagrams, illustration by Ke Liu.
Modelling the single storey portion of the building at 1:50 provided understanding of how the truss is connected to the beam.
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BRICK The predominant brickwork within the factory is of traditional construction, made up with standard size clay bricks held together with a lime mortar. At the building corners, larger sandstone bricks are used to tie and connect the walls together. Over time, as adaptations and expansions have been made to the building different ‘species’ of brickwork have been introduced. At present this is mostly in the form of concrete blockwork with a cement mortar and has been introduced where rebuilding has occurred after demolition, or to block off entrances to the building.
Various brick conditions captured from the exterior of the building.
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FLOOR As outlined previously, the upper floors in the double storey buildings differs on each side. The west building floor is made up of timber joists and floorboards, with the East building made up of a concrete slab with steel filler joists. This is likely due to the programmatic requirements of the previous uses within building. The requirements being that the East building upper floor would facilitate engineering and storage, with the West building upper floor reserved for light making such as textile and pattern making.
Sectional perspective through the existing building, drawings by Ryan Liu.
1:100 sectional model exhibiting the tectonics of the timber floored construction.
1:100 sectional model exhibiting the tectonics of the concrete floored construction, model by Ke Liu.
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FLOOR CONCRETE The concrete slab with steel filler joists is supported by the beam and column grid. The steel filler joists carry loads from the floor above which provides general stability and stiffness to the slab. This was an early example of concrete floor slab construction and given the time period of construction it is likely this was cast in-situ.
Concrete slab with steel filler beams, illustration by Tenny Zhang.
Sectional maquette model of the concrete floor structure by Tenny Zhang.
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MATERIAL CONDITION EXTERNAL The general condition of the building is to be expected considering the building is not longer wind and water-tight. The factory has also been unoccupied and left to run into a state of dereliction for more than two decades. Interim work has been carried out to deter people from entering the building following various incidents and safety concerns, but no work has been carried out to protect the building itself. This is evident in the rust, decay, graffiti and vegetation now present. A particular form of vegetation known as buddleia davidi or ‘butterfly bush’ has also found its home in the site and building. Usually this species of plant thrives and overruns derelict sites with disturbed ground or damaged brickwork and is synonymous with abandoned and derelict buildings.
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MATERIAL CONDITION INTERNAL Similar to the external condition, materials within the interior are subject to damage and decay. This is mainly present in the timber elements of the structure where rotting and water damage has occurred. Generally, the steel column and beam structure is in satisfactory structural condition, but are subject to mild corrosion in places. The brickwork walls are mostly in satisfactory structural condition, but do have areas of decay and compromised stability.
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CHAPTER 3 | REQUIREMENTS AND SOLUTIONS: DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
STRUCTURE STEEL TREATMENT To secure the longevity of any developments within the Madelvic Car Factory building, repairs and remedial work should be carried out on the existing buildings elements that are suitable for retention. Given that the existing steel structure is to be retained, at minimum, an anti-corrosion coating should be applied. In an ideal scenario, the whole steel structure would be grit blasted to remove corrosion and existing paint layers, followed by the application of a multi coat paint system that provides a priming layer, anti-corrosion, fireproofing and a finish layer.
Steel structure undergoing grit blast cleaning.
Steel beam to column connection with evidence of slight surface corrosion.
Existing steel structure within the factory.
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FABRIC BRICK TREATMENT In areas with identified brick damage, bricks are removed and replaced. Brick may also require removal but not replacement, in the instance of unblocking or creating new openings. Removal is carried out by chiselling or cutting the mortar surrounding the brick to release it. The area is further cleaned and prepared for new mortar with a wire brush. New mortar is added into the area, where a reclaimed brick is replaced. The new mortar and brickwork is then cured over the following days.
Mortar being hand-chiselled out from between bricks.
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TECTONIC EXPERIMENTATIONS AND ITERATIONS THROUGH MODELS Throughout the design development process, the deconstructable ‘kit of parts’ working model facilitated experimentation of different design decisions in an iterative manner. This was particularly beneficial to asses the viability of certain alterations.
1 opening up the site
2 experimenting through splitting of walls to create new
thoroughfares to the central area
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3 removing vertical elements of the steel structure to
4 relocating trusses and experimenting with different
maximise open plan floor area
thoroughfares between the buildings
5 research on environmental impact vs necessity leads to
changes revoked and building structure and skin remaining relatively unchanged, with the exception of the end central walls
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TECHNICAL BRIEF Production of a technical brief document played a key role in design development allowing for the examination of site/urban context, programme/environment and structure/envelope in the context of the Madelvic Car Factory.
Unit 3: No Blank Slate
The Madelvic Centre, Granton The Granton area of Edinburgh City provides opportunity for the development of an extended urban fabric placed right on the waterfront. Within Granton lies a small network of historically significant heritage sites and buildings that pay homage the areas past as an industrial harbour town. The Madelvic Car Factory is apart of this network: once an active factory, designed for the manufacturing of local astronomer William Peck’s Madelvic electric car, has since had various uses as a factory site prior to it running into the current state of abandonment and gradual dereliction. “please try and build a community - please don’t just build high flats” - Granton Resident Granton is in a state of transition, with works beginning to redevelop the area and improve links into Edinburgh City and its surroundings. At present, Granton is comprised of industrial buildings and a growing number of housing developments. This is contributing to a lack of community space and identity for a town phasing into a period of mass development. Therefore, the design intent with the Madelvic Centre is to create spaces for thinkers, crafters, makers, visitors, locals to come together, create communities and celebrate history, all whilst writing their own within Granton.
The Madelvic Centre seeks to reactivate the existing building through revival of the structure, components and materials already present on site. This challenging the notion that in an ever climate conscious world, disused buildings must be razed to the ground. Analysis of the building’s potential is achieved through ‘shearing layers’: examining the condition of elements and suitability for reuse, as well as potential future reuse in the context of a broader time-scale.
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TOPOS Situated on a seaside brownfield industrial site, the Madelvic factory sits in the centre of the wider Granton area plan. Transportation links allow access via foot, bicycle, bus, car and very soon - trams. The proposal seeks to take advantage of these, by creating new thoroughfares by opening up the site. The building itself lies on a relatively flat plane, with a short steep bank to the North towards the nearest main road. Given the rich history of the site, it can be placed within Granton’s network of heritage sites that shed light on the past of the industrial town. The retention and advertisement of the sites previous uses and factors of historical interest should remain present in the design so as to remain within this network.
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The site provides a multitude of opportunities in terms of climate, given its flat and open surroundings. The proposal should take ephemeral site qualities produced by Granton’s environmental conditions into close account. This will ultimately aid in the design of an efficient building.
The Madelvic Centre will provide much required spaces for local stakeholders and groups which have been identified as the following: Granton Hub and Granton History Archive (Madelvic House) Granton and District Community Council Granton Goes Greener Granton Community Gardens and Bakery Social Bite Village Granton Youth LTD Royal Forth Yacht Club Granton Parish Church Edinburgh College City of Edinburgh Council The Scottish Government Historic Environment Scotland National Museums Move on Wood WASPS Studios Scottish Futures Trust
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TYPOS Programme The site will facilitate a reclamation yard in the field space to the West, this yard will continue into the West building providing indoor storage and a wood workshop. The East building will be installed with insulated envelopes to create community gathering spaces and artists studios. The central space will become an outdoor storage area for small reclaimed materials. Determined by an environmental analysis of each potential space, multiple opportunities for use have been identified. This allows for flexibility within the Madelvic centre throughout its lifespan, from initial space development through to final design realisation. Building Envelope Alterations Firstly, all rotten materials will require removal. Generally, in terms of envelope, more alterations will be made to buildings on the East side as they promote low intensity activities (art workshops, cafe, meetings). Within the West side block alterations will be made but to a lesser extent as the space uses allow for wider comfort parameters. Upgrades to the envelope will meet sustainable building standards to allow for a net-zero heating system to be implemented, and passive ventilation will take priority - with the exception of workshop spaces, where a mechanical ventilation system is considered. Adaptability The proposal seeks to retain much of the original character of the site whilst creating sufficient levels of thermal comfort and daylighting within spaces. The general retrofit and reactivation of the buildings within the site to render them habitable allows for flexibility in the spaces. Technical Adaptations The quality of bricks to be reused on site will require inspection to ensure they are of satisfactory quality to be reused. The steelwork within the building will require at
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TECTONIC Structural elements The tectonic approach to the proposal involves the retention of the existing steel beam and column grid throughout the building. The block with the concrete floor slab is also to be retained, but the timber floor in the West block is to be removed, creating a double height space for storage of large materials. This removal of the central gable walls opens up the site and allows for the different space uses to co-exist. Brickwork removed in this alteration will be salvaged for reuse and placed into the on-site reclamation yard. Design for Disassembly The Madelvic Centre is intended to have a long lifespan, with its potential to host a multitude of spaces and tenants. This requires the design to enable future deconstruction and adaptation. A detailed inventory of materials used and removed will be kept, acting as a building passport. Additionally, all new components (as far as is possible) will be implemented with strong but reversible methods of construction, such as: lime mortar brickwork, strip foundations and bolted steel plates.
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CHAPTER 4 | THE NEW MADELVIC
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DESIGN FOLLOWS DETERIORATION When designing adaptations to suit the programme, the deterioration of existing elements was considered and provided direction towards what may require retrofit or replacement. Generally attempt was made to only undertake major modification to elements that were in a state of deterioration.
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SITE PROGRAMME DIAGRAM Three outdoor areas are created by both programmatic qualities, as well as ground edge conditions. The community garden is a soft boundary where the East facade of the community building becomes linked to nature, opening up into the grassy space. The material reclamation ‘discovery zone’ acts as a place for small or ornate reclaimed materials to be stored, as well as being the central route through the site. The space also becomes a zone of discovery and inspiration for artists not only on site, but in Granton and beyond, to view or collect potential materials for art projects. This space is paved using the flytipped granite already existing on site, which creates a hard surface for a variety of materials to be stored. The paving is continued around the building to carry on this hard edge condition to the outdoor reclamation storage. The reclamation yard itself is a very active, busy site where machinery will pass through delivering and relocating items. The area already has a section of existing concrete from previous united wire building foundations, but outside of this the existing grass yard is filled in with recycled hardcore to provide a suitable surface for the storage and movement of materials and vehicles.
material reclamation discovery zone
outdoor reclamation yard
community garden
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BUILDING PROGRAMME DIAGRAM The activation of the central route through the deconstruction of the single storey building roof and gable walls has allowed for the separation of functions within the two main buildings. In the West building, adjacent to the reclamation yard, the decaying timber floor has been removed to create a double height space for the indoor storage of large materials. The space also holds the workshop, where workers and volunteers treat and modify materials from the yard. The East building has been divided into small insulated modules constructed within the brick shell of the building. Given the large floor area spread across two storeys, the space facilitates 4 separate modules used for community gatherings, artists studios and a cafe.
community and artist spaces
reclamation storage and workshop
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PROGRAMME PLAN Expanding on the existing community group and garden on site, the community building provides flexibility in the insulated module instalments that can be adapted over time to suit the evolving requirements of the ever-growing Granton community. The spirit of a people-orientated programme is continued into the reclamation yard. The reclamation yard operates as a social enterprise model, where people come to learn new skills and create objects from the reclaimed materials on site. Timber is the predominant material that is used for this purpose of reworking by people in the social enterprise, but the reclamation yard does store other materials (brick, steel etc.) so as to support the generation of a circular economy within the centre of Granton’s redevelopment.
GROUND FLOOR 1 social enterprise reclamation yard 2 social enterprise reclamation yard (sheltered storage) 3 social enterprise reclamation yard (sheltered workshop) 4 social enterprise small material reclamation discovery zone 5 granton bakery cafe 6 granton:hub community group space
7 granton hub community garden
UPPER FLOOR 8 art class and community events space 9 artists studios and workshops
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MATERIAL FLOW ACROSS THE SITE
1 reclaimed Material
enters reclamation yard
2 material offloaded and
assessed
3 material stored in outdoor yard
4 material stored in indoor yard
5 material modified or
treated in the woodshop
6 material moved to
small material reclamation space
7 material used in
community building modules
8 material used in
community garden
9 reclaimed material and its products used elsewhere
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EXAMPLE MATERIAL FLOW ACROSS THE SITE WOODEN PALLET FROM A LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
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ENVIRONMENTAL Given the differing programme in each building, different levels of heating, cooling and ventilation are required, resulting in varying levels of alteration required to the building fabric. The West reclamation yard and workshop building remains uninsulated. This has been identified as a suitable measure through research of other reclamation yards, which operate in uninsulated, unheated buildings. The high energy output within the building (workshop machinery and vehicles) alongside a strong link to an outdoor working space provides expectation that those in the space will be wearing suitable outdoor work clothing, which further lessens the immediate requirement to insulate the space. Provision has been made for mechanical ventilation in the workshop space to ensure the extraction of any harmful dust or fumes from machinery and processes. The insulated modules within the community building have been designed with a breathable construction to allow appropriate management of moisture within the predominantly brick building fabric.
Naturally ventilated, insulated space (cafe, studios, meeting rooms)
Mixed-mode system ventilation, uninsulated space (workshop)
Naturally ventilated, uninsulated space (storage space, circulation)
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ENVIRONMENTAL Operable windows in both buildings encourage and allow for natural ‘passive’ ventilation. Ventilation is a key requirement to ensure the health, safety and comfort of occupants. Activation of the central area between the two buildings enhances cross ventilation capability, as well as allowing for more daylight to enter the buildings.
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ROOF PLAN 1:500
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modified components
GROUND FLOOR PLAN 1:200
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modified components
UPPER FLOOR PLAN 1:200
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ELEVATION A
NORTH ELEVATION 1:200
SOUTH ELEVATION 1:200
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ELEVATION B
NORTH ELEVATION 1:200
SOUTH ELEVATION 1:200
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NORTH ELEVATION 1:200
SOUTH ELEVATION 1:200
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SECTION A-A 1:200 A
A
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SECTION B-B 1:200 B
B
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C
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SECTION C-C 1:200
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TECHNICAL SECTION D-D 1:50 D
D
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SECTIONAL MODEL 1:50
Sectional model exhibiting the primary tectonic structure and retrofitted walls in the community building.
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View of the workshop building interior spaces.
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View of the community building interior spaces.
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DETAIL A
RETROFITTED BRICK WALL 1:10
1 2
1 330mm clay brickwork wall 2 50mm ventilated cavity 3 breathable membrane 4 25mm reclaimed plywood 5 200mm sheep’s wool insulation between timber battens 6 vapour control layer 7 25mm reclaimed timber internal cladding board
3 4 5 6 7
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DETAIL B 10
9
8
11
INSULATED ROOF TO RETROFITTED WALL 1:10
1
2
1 330mm clay brickwork wall 2 abutment gutter 3 ventilated cavity bricks 4 existing steel structure 5 timber firring piece 6 75mm reclaimed timber batten 7 25mm reclaimed timber internal cladding board 8 400mm sheep’s wool insulation 9 75mm x 200mm kerto LVL S-beam 10 25mm reclaimed timber plywood deck 11 sika sarnafil PVC roof membrane
3
6
7
5
4
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DETAIL C
RETROFITTED WALL TO FLOOR 1:10
1 70mm screed layer 2 damp proof membrane returned up internal wall 3 100mm rigid cork insulation 4 existing concrete slab 5 concrete foundation 6 sill plate 7 rigid insulation forming upstand
7 6
4 3 2 1 5
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DETAIL D
ROOFLIGHT 1:10
1 reclaimed timber battens 2 25mm reclaimed timber internal cladding 3 75mm x 200mm kerto LVL S-beam 4 25mm timber board 5 90mm sheep’s wool insulation 6 90mm reclaimed timber batten 7 1000mm x 2000mm vufold flat rooflight
7 6 5 4 3
1
2
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DETAIL E
7
WINDOW IN EXISTING WALL WINDOW IN RETROFITTED WALL 1:10
6
1 330mm clay brickwork wall 2 75mm x 160mm reclaimed timber batten 3 75mm x 200mm reclaimed timber batten 4 recycled PVC window and sill 5 double glazed window glass 6 50mm reclaimed timber board forming sill 7 75mm x 200mm reclaimed timber batten
5
3
4
2
1
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DETAIL F
INSULATED MODULE WALL 1:20
10 9
1 25mm reclaimed timber external cladding board 2 breathable membrane 3 25mm OSB 4 200mm sheep’s wool insulation between timber battens 5 vapour control layer 6 25mm reclaimed timber internal cladding board 7 50mm reclaimed timber batten 8 50mm sheep’s wool insulation 9 existing steel structure 10 existing concrete floor with steel filler joists
6 8 5
7
4
3
2 1
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RECLAMATION YARD
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SMALL MATERIAL RECLAMATION AND ARTIST’S DISCOVERY SPACE
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COMMUNITY GARDEN
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CAFE/BAKERY
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WORKSHOP
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CHAPTER 4 | RECLAMATION
ROTOR DC: INTRODUCTION TO AND RESEARCH OF RECLAMATION A formal introduction to the study of reclamation yards was during a Geddes Visiting Fellows workshop with Brussels based deconstruction and consulting firm, Rotor DC. Over the course of three days our studio unit presented works in progress to the visiting fellows, as well as curating a larger exhibit of research conducted on a reclamation yard field trip to four different yards in Glasgow. This research was a particularly key moment in the development of The Madelvic Centre as opportunity was provided for hands on experience and research of the building programme, which was important in the development and refinement of the overall design.
Presentation on research of Glasgow Wood Recycling and Glasgow Architectural Salvage.
West Coast Reclamation Yard, Paisley.
Madelvic Car Factory group work exhibition for Rotor DC.
Glasgow Salvage, Paisley.
Presenting at the exhibition.
Final presentation of research conducted on the reclamation field
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MAP OF DEVELOPMENTS IN GRANTON The proposed Granton Masterplan promises new build developments of housing and amenities. Delivering this will require a vast amount of new materials introduced into Granton, which could see a lot of unused material or packaging used to transport materials discarded as waste. Demolition of existing buildings may also result in significant amounts of waste material.
areas of proposed new development and construction
rn ste Ea Br ater kw ea
MoPs
Tank FB
MoPs
Mast (Telecommunication) MoPs
FB FB
MoPs
FB
MoPs
Pi pe lin e
FB
Hopper
Crane
FB
Sluice
MoP
Pillar
Gas Holder
Mast
Sluice
LB
TCB
Sports Facility
LB
Footbridge
Footbridge
Weir
FB
LB Footbridge
TCBs TCB
Footbridge Footbridge
LB Posts
Communication Mast
Subway
LB
TCB LB
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THE MATERIAL COST OF DEVELOPMENT By introducing the Madelvic Centre reclamation yard into the centre of such mass development, significant amounts of material could be managed for re-use as opposed to being sent to landfill. Even setting a precedent for this in the Granton area encourages a circular way of thinking about building materials. The Madelvic Car Factory site has already seen the consequences of discarding construction materials, not only through its various demolitions over time, but also in the present day, as stacks of unused granite pavers have been flytipped on the site from surrounding development. Perhaps if a reclamation yard had been present at the time these materials they would have been reintroduced into a new build or refurbishment, rather than becoming damaged and graffiti ridden while abandoned in the plot of land adjacent to the Madelvic Car Factory.
The Madelvic Car Factory site following demolition of surrounding United Wire buildings.
Flytipped granite slabs on the Madelvic site.
Material storage and waste from a new build housing development adjacent to the site.
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LOCAL RECLAMATION COLLABORATORS
PROPOSED MADELVIC CENTRE RECLAMATION
MOVE ON WOOD Move on Wood Recycling works divert timber destined for landfill through reuse and reclamation. It operates as a social enterprise, providing jobs, training and opportunities.
MOVE ON WOOD
WILLIAM WAUGH LTD
WILLIAM WAUGH LTD - METAL AND WASTE RECYCLING Scrapyard processing plant within Granton specialising in metal recycling. The company also provides logistical solutions for transporting and storing waste materials.
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RECLAMATION YARD PRECEDENT: GLASGOW WOOD RECYCLING Glasgow Wood Recycling is a social enterprise organisation that works with people from all over Glasgow with a focus on community work and social rehabilitation. Sustainability is a by product of this enabling them to provide training opportunities and provide valuable skills for the local community. The Business runs with 19 full time staff, 3 part time and between 70 to 90 volunteers. The site operates as a scrap wood reseller, wooden furniture store and a provider of bespoke wooden items made to order. Glasgow Wood Recycling launched in 2006, with a focus on community projects offering social benefits to schools and local community groups. Its estimated that they have diverted 4000 tones of waste from landfill. They have recently been aiding in the startup of wood salvage yards across Scotland, including Granton’s very own Move on Wood. Suppliers range from wood mills, scaffolding companies, event organisers and site clearance, who donate off-cuts and expired wood to divert from landfill. This requires Glasgow wood to be licensed in recycling and waste materials. Their customers include builders, large scale commercial projects, corporate events, other reclamation yards, as well as people working on their own domestic woodworking/arts and crafts projects.
Informative label found on an item repurposed at the reclamation yard.
Sheltered storage area at Glasgow Wood Recycling.
MATERIAL FLOW AT THE YARD Turnaround time of materials is completely dependent on customers and demand, materials and items can be in the yard for 1 hour or are stored for 15+ years.
Material sold
Materials used in client projects
Extra material donated
furniture and other items stored on site
Materials are donated by manufacturers and companies
Materials acquired through site clearance
Material Stored and priced for the inventory
Materials reworked into furniture and other bespoke items by volunteers
Furniture and items sold to clients
Products delivered or collected by clients
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CHAPTER 6 | TIMELINE AND LONGEVITY
SITE DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE
RECLAMATION YEAR 0-1 1: Begin reclamation yard development in adjacent site, offices for development in Madelvic House unused rooms, retaining community garden
2: Centre section walls deconstructed and materials salvaged
TRANSFORMATION YEAR 1-2 3: Work begins on the west building, restoring the space to a habitable and safe environment for use as a sheltered store/woodshop
4: Central section begins transformation into small material reclamation storage
FINALISATION YEAR 2 + 5: Work begins on the community building. First module is installed for the Community group, who are gradually moved into the new purpose built facility as Madelvic House becomes predominantly reclamation yard offices
6: Further modules installed into the community block
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PHASING
1 Begin reclamation yard development in adjacent site, offices for development in
Madelvic House unused rooms, retaining community garden
2 Centre section walls deconstructed and materials salvaged
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3 Work begins on the west building, restoring the space to a habitable and safe
environment for use as a sheltered store/woodshop
4 Central section begins transformation into small material reclamation storage
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5 Work begins on the community building. First module is installed for the Community
group, who are gradually moved into the new purpose built facility as Madelvic House becomes predominantly reclamation yard offices
6 Further modules installed into the community block
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BUILDING PASSPORT The Madelvic Centre is intended to have a long lifespan, with its potential to host a multitude of spaces and tenants. This requires the design to enable future deconstruction and adaptation. A detailed inventory of materials, existing and introduced, has been kept, to act as a building passport. The existing building materials has been documented using a ‘kit of parts’ considering the building in a deconstructed form.
Existing building component drawing by Tenny Zhang.
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DECONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING LAYERS MANUAL see Appendix for Full DBLM
The Deconstruction and Building Layers Manual (DBLM) compliments the kit of parts inventory by providing a more detailed assessment of the building components. This includes condition assessment, exact location on site and estimates for ease of deconstruction if required in the future.
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WINDOW MATERIAL RESEARCH Replacing the existing windows in the Madelvic Car Factory building is essential to ensure a habitable, wind and watertight building envelope. The existing timber and glass windows are in various states of disrepair - efforts are made to salvage material from them in order to avoid components being diverted to landfill. When considering an alternative replacement for the existing windows, requirements for window performance, size and quantity were taken into account: two window typologies openable 132 (primary window for all accessible areas of the building) non-openable 59 (for double height workshop building upper set) 2500mm x 1200mm pane area 2600mm x 1300mm frame area Recycled uPVC windows have been determined as a suitable option for The Madelvic Centre Building. Recycled uPVC windows ultimately offer an extremely long lifespan, given their durability, as well as recycling feasibility. It is estimated that a uPVC window will last between 30-40 years, and the materials can be recycled up to ten times thereafter, resulting in an estimated 350 year life-span. Given the on-site reclamation and workshop, consideration has also been made to the possibility of crafting windows from reclaimed timber and glass, which could be suitable for the non-openable windows.
existing window
cullets removed and sent away to be repurposed into new glass elements
new windows crafted from salvaged timber and recycled glass
OR
reclaimed and recycled UPVC windows fitted
timber salvaged (as much as possible) from window for reclamation
recycled window installed
existing uPVC window
uPVC window removed andglazing separated from window frame
glass cullets collected for recycling/repurpose
uPVC windows sent to recycling facility
uPVC shredded into pellets and sorted
pellets extruded to create new window frames
recycled glass fitted into recycled material window frames
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GRANITE SLAB REUSE Approximately 2000 of the flytipped granite pavers already existing on site are suitable for reuse. These paving blocks appear to have been surplus to requirement during landscaping works in and around the adjacent housing development. It is intended that these slabs will be used to pave the stairway entrance to The Madelvic Centre, and any surplus to requirement will be used in the artists discover space or reclamation yard.
Light grey granite pavers that avoided flytipping making up the landscaping in the local vicinity of the site.
Proposed areas for reuse of the granite pavers.
Paver types, quantities and condition assessment in the DBLM.
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WALL MATERIAL RESEARCH
SHEEP’S WOOL Sheep’s wool is an affordable natural material readily available locally in Scotland given the predominance of agriculture and farming. The material is both fire proof, and more importantly breathable, so is an appropriate choice in the case of the existing brick wall construction, as well as new timber module wall construction. While at present the material is commonly treated with toxic pesticides to avoid unwanted insect infestation, other more sustainable methods of protection are being developed. This includes ‘ionic protect’ a method of pest-repellent that scientifically changes the profile of the wool to repel pests. Despite the pesticide requirement for sheep’s wool it is still a widely used sustainable insulation option, which is undoubtedly more environmentally friendly than synthetic insulation alternatives.
RECLAIMED TIMBER Using reclaimed timber where possible in new components of the building is made easy due to the on-site reclamation yard. The material quality of reclaimed timber provides a certain aesthetic quality to the finished within the community building which compliment the existing clay brickwork. Using reclaimed timber where possible is also hugely beneficial to the overall sustainability and environmental impact of The Madelvic Centre, as it diverts material from landfill and demonstrates the circular economy in action.
Wall constructed with reclaimed timber from Glasgow Wood Recycling.
Retrofitted brick wall construction.
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ROOF MATERIAL RESEARCH
SARNAFIL ROOF MEMBRANE Given the requirement for the replacement of The Madelvic Centre roof to be completely wind and watertight, using a recyclable PVC roof membrane provides an efficient and sustainable solution. The estimated lifespan of the membrane is 35 years. Once at the end of its material life, the membrane can be removed by hand and entered into an industry scale recycling process, where it can be repurposed into new roofing products.
Sarnafil standing seam roof membrane appearance.
Insulated roof construction.
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FLOOR MATERIAL RESEARCH
CORK INSULATION BOARD
Cork insulation is derived from the cork oak tree, where the material is harvested from the bark of the tree, which grows back. The process reworking this into insulation involves boiling, drying and steaming to be made into sheets, which remains completely free of artificial chemicals. From a technical perspective, cork is highly compatible with concrete and provides a water resistant, fireproof form of insulation.
Cork board insulation.
insulated floor construction.
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APPENDIX
ANIMATIONS
(dis)assembly of construction join https://youtu.be/dkRBK_KZyDc assembly of construction join https://youtu.be/-meZy4KWnxo kit of parts construction https://youtu.be/1gXa1TXgYtY kit of parts deconstruction https://youtu.be/_owhLMFyMy4
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DBLM
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GLASGOW RECLAMATION YARDS VISITED WITH ROTOR DC: INFORMATIONAL PAGES
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REFERENCES PAGE 13 Granton:hub. “Wildflower Nursery.” Accessed May 9, 2022. https://grantonhub.org/wildflower-nursery/. PAGE 23 The Concrete Society. “Filler Joist Slabs.” Accessed May 9, 2022. https://www.concrete.org.uk/fingertips-nuggets.asp?cmd=display&id=739 PAGE 25 Carlsson, Moa. “BLITZWEED: The Rise and Fall of Buddleia Davidii in England (1896-2008).” Studies in the history of gardens & designed landscapes 37, no. 1 (2017): 87-96. PAGE 28 Steel Construction. “Corrosion Protection.” Accessed May 9, 2022. https://www.steelconstruction.info Corrosion_protection Steel Construction. “Paint Coatings.” Accessed May 9, 2022. https://www.steelconstruction.info/Paint_coatings Construction Management. “Fireproofing Existing Steel Structures.” Accessed May 9, 2022. https://constructionmanagement.co.uk/fireproofing-existing-steel-structures/ Y Abrasives. “What is Steel Grit Blasting?” Accessed May 9, 2022. https://www.y-abrasives.com/what-is-steel-grit-blasting.pdf PAGE 29 Checkatrade. “How to Repair Damaged Bricks.” Accessed May 9, 2022. https://www.checkatrade.com/blog/how-to/repair-damaged-bricks/ PAGE 59-64 Vufold. “Flat Rooflights.” Accessed May 9, 2022. https://www.vufold.co.uk/roof-glazing/rooflights/flat-rooflight-1000x2000 Metsa Wood. “Kerto LVL S-beam.” Accessed May 9, 2022. https://www.metsawood.com/global/Products/kerto/Pages/Kerto-S.aspx Sika. “PVC Roof Membranes.” Accessed May 9, 2022. https://gbr.sarnafil.sika.com/en/sika-sarnafil/single-ply-membranes/pvc-roof-membranes.html PAGE 83 Veka Recycling. “The VEKA Recycling Process.” Accessed May 9, 2022. https://veka-recycling.co.uk/process/ PAGE 85 Archiwest. “Next Gen Sustainable Building Materials.” Accessed May 9, 2022. https://www.archiwest.co.uk/post/sustainable-building-materials-of-the-future Norclad. “Reclaimed Timber - The Ultimate Guide to Using Reclaimed Timber.” Accessed May 9, 2022. https://www.timbercladdingsolutions.co.uk/reclaimed-timber-ultimate-guide-using-reclaimed-timber/ PAGE 86 Sika. “What Makes a Roof Sustainable.” Accessed May 9, 2022. https://usa.sika.com/sarnafil/en/sustainability/what-makes-roofs-sustainable.html#:~:text=Sarnafil%20has%20led%20the%20industry%20in%20developing%20roofing,including%20 the%20industry-wide%20PVC%20Roof%20Membrane%20Recycling%20Program. PAGE 87 Insulation-info. “Cork Insulation.” Accessed May 9, 2022. https://www.insulation-info.co.uk/insulation-material/cork-insulation
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IMAGE BIBLIOGRAPHY All images not credited by Author or Unit 3 Members. PAGE 5 EDIN PHOTO http://www.edinphoto.org.uk/0_edin_t/0_edinburgh_transport_cars_vans_lorries_-_madelvic_rg_collection.htm GRANTON HISTORY http://grantonhistory.org/industry/madelvic.htm CANMORE https://canmore.org.uk/site/258448/edinburgh-granton-87-granton-park-avenue-madelvic-car-factory-production-block PAGE 6 CURIOUS EDINBURGH http://curiousedinburgh.org/2019/01/15/madelvic-house-and-vehicle-production/ CURIOUS EDINBURGH http://curiousedinburgh.org/2019/01/15/madelvic-electric-car-factory/ PAGE 7 CANMORE https://canmore.org.uk/site/258448/edinburgh-granton-87-granton-park-avenue-madelvic-car-factory-production-block PAGE 8 CANMORE https://canmore.org.uk/site/258448/edinburgh-granton-87-granton-park-avenue-madelvic-car-factory-production-block https://canmore.org.uk/site/183739/edinburgh-granton-87-granton-park-avenue-madelvic-car-factory-administration-block?display=collection&GROUPCATEGORY=5&collection_items_page=1 PAGE 9 DIGIMAPS PAGE 13 LIS THOMAS https://www.lizthomaslandscapearchitect.co.uk/grantonhub URBAN REALM https://www.urbanrealm.com/news/6802/Here+Now_lead_masterplanning_for_Granton_garden_hub.html PAGE 14 and 15 EDINBURGH CITY COUNCIL https://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/downloads/file/27146/granton-waterfront-development-framework PAGE 28 PRESTIGE AND BLASTING https://www.prestigesandblasting.com.au/commercial-sandblasting/ PAGE 29 FINE HOME BUILDING https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2020/07/02/repointing-a-brick-chimney PAGE 71 JOHANNA HEDENSKOG (presentation image) PAGE 73 BING IMAGES AERIAL VIEW PAGE 74 MOVE ON WOOD IMAGES: https://moveonwood.org.uk/ WILLIAM WAUGH https://williamwaugh.co.uk/ BING IMAGES AERIAL VIEW PAGE 85 HAMISH JACKSON PAGE 86 ROOF ASSURED http://www.roofassured.co.uk/gallery/ PAGE 87 SPECOM http://specom.co/fillers/
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