scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium
remark. Even if in a printed interview, the journalist’s remarks are inserted into the text-monologue of the interviewee (such as «Yes, yes», «Of course»,» This is understandable», and so on), this does not change the essence of the monologue, since the journalist’s remarks are an expression of contact attention, consent and no more [9, p. 140]. Interview-dialogue is the most common type of interview, formally expressed by a chain of questions and answers alternating with each other. The genre of conversation has similar features. Determining the place of this genre in the classification causes difficulties. Thus, V. V. Voroshilov takes this genre beyond the scope of interviews, a conversation in his system of journalistic genres is equal, for example, with news, a note, a report and an interview [18, pp. 67-68]. In the book «Fundamentals of the creative activity of a journalist», a conversation is given as a kind of interview, along with a dialogue, a monologue and other types, that is, the scope of its features for the authors is different from the features of an interview-dialogue [3, p.145]. We adhere to the opinion of B. V. Streltsov, who considers an interview-conversation to be synonymous with an interview-dialogue [16, p. 51]. The text of the interview-monologue is not formally divided, at the beginning of it the journalist’s question is given, which determines the topic of the conversation, then there is a detailed monologue of the interviewee. This construction does not at all indicate that during the conversation the interviewer did not ask questions or did not interrupt the speaker, just the author considered it unnecessary to break the text into replicas. On the pages of newspapers, this type of interview is less common compared to an interviewdialogue, since a long fragment of the text makes it difficult to read. In this form, advertising interviews of politicians, interview reports of business leaders, and so on are often given. A distinctive feature of the sketch interview is the presence of author’s comments, digressions, and so on: «The sketch interview gives the journalist the opportunity not only to ask questions, but also to express his opinion, comment on the facts in question, tell about the situation in which the conversation took place, give brief characteristics of his interlocutor, create his portrait with a few strokes» [7, p. 219]. Such a variety of types of interviews is presented on the pages of the Russian and Uzbek press. However, various publications with dissimilar expressive-stylistic and, accordingly, genre models, prefer certain types of interviews, ignoring others. The analysis of interviews used in newspapers from the point of view of reflecting the author’s origin, purpose and subject of the message, taking into account compositional and linguistic features (such as types of questions, ways of their arrangement in the text and the relationship between them), types of interviews helps to identify genre models of publications, their orientation, their readership. The modern press impresses with its diversity. These are entertainment newspapers, women’s magazines, «high-quality» press, and specialized publications. But despite all the differences in their subject matter and style, there is something that unites the press-the publication model. The understanding of interviews as a method of obtaining information is more typical for Western scientists. In Russia, the study of interviews as a method is mainly carried out by practical journalists, for example, M. I. Shostak, M. N. Kim [8, p. 51]. The term «interview» (in the sense of an interview as a genre) is defined in dictionaries as «a conversation intended for publication by a well-known figure with a correspondent on a matter of public interest» [2, p. 672]. Modern authors somewhat clarify this formulation, noting the expansion of the group of interviewees (from a «well-known figure» to any person): «This genre is a conversation of a journalist with one or more persons of public interest, intended for transmission through the channels of the mass media» [7, p. 218], – as well as expanding the range of topics: «This is a conversation intended for the mass media and initiated by a journalist with any person on any topics of interest to the general public» [4, p. 259]. However, scientists agree that the author’s position, whatever it is called, is still present in the interview, expressed in the author’s style, manner of speech, his speech position. Speech positions, or « speech parties», are associated with several factors that determine them – the topic, the personality of the interlocutor, language competence, the language appearance of the speakers [5, p. 144]. E. I. Golanova identifies two main speech positions of the interviewer: 1) the interviewer is traditionally polite, correct, adheres to the norms of public communication, questions are usually prepared in advance; 2) the interviewer is a representative of the «new wave» of journalists, has his own « language mask», psychological looseness and freedom in choosing language means, the interview proceeds in the form of a free conversation, questions are often not prepared at all [5, p.144]. 25
