ACO Technologies - ACO Qmax Hydraulics

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Uniclass L7315 + L2123

EPIC J3413

CI/SfB (52.5)

The most advanced drainage system of its kind ACO Qmax 速 Hydraulics and Legislation

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ACO Qmax® System

HYDRAULICS & LEGISLATION Overview

1000 900

Capacity (l/s)

Channel drainage hydraulics are complex and influenced by a number of variables, including site catchment area, catchment angle of slope to the drainage system, overall site/installed channel slope, rainfall intensity and duration, outlet size(s) and position(s).

Catchment Depth (m)

Using ACO’s own laboratory verified hydraulic modelling program, Hydro V, the ACO Drain Design Services team provide a free, no obligation design service to optimise hydraulic performance and minimise product and total installed costs. 120

25mm/hour

110

50mm/hour

100

75mm/hour

90

100mm/hour

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 550

600

650

Length to outlet (m)

ACO Qmax® 600 Total Flow Capacity Total flow at varying ground slope

2

700

700

0.5%

600 500

0.25%

400

0%

200

Further variation in flow conditions occurs as the intensity of the rainfall varies during a storm, leading to unsteady non-uniform flow.

500

1.0% 0.75%

300

Water flow in a linear drainage channel is described as steady, non-uniform or spatially varied flow and involves complex mathematical models in order to perform a reliable prediction of hydraulic performance. Steady non-uniform flow occurs when the velocity of flow remains constant at a given cross section of the channel, in relation to time, but increases at successive downstream cross sections.

0

800

750

100 0

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Length to outlet (m)

ACO Qmax® 900 Total Flow Capacity Total flow at varying ground slope

ACO Qmax® can successfully drain large areas with just one outlet if required, thereby reducing the need for underground pipes, carrier drains and their associated costs. For these applications, high flow rates and velocities can be experienced and should be acknowledged in the total design scheme. Failure to account for high flow rates and water velocity could cause detrimental effects such as downstream surcharge (flooding) and erosion in certain installations. Take the strain out of performance prediction. Contact the ACO Drain Design Services Department for a free, no obligation design service.


ACO Qmax® System

HYDRAULICS & LEGISLATION Use of Hydraulic Tables

The following is a summary of the information recommended to be considered in order to complete an engineered hydraulic design:

The tables list a selection of site slopes. Data are based on a rainfall intensity of 0.014 l/s/m2 (141 l/s/ha or 50mm/hr). For any variable outside the ranges stated, or for storage design and hydraulics contact the ACO Drain Design Services Department for free, no obligation assistance. Length to outlet and catchment depth data should be read in conjunction with flow rate and velocity data as the water velocity can increase significantly in the latter stages of a drainage run, particularly at steep gradients. High velocities may give rise to erosion of receiving downstream watercourses and may need to be treated with caution. ACO’s technically advanced, laboratory verified hydraulic modelling program, developed to ensure optimised hydraulic performance and efficiency, is the ideal tool to optimise even the most complex applications. Contact the ACO Technical Helpline for free, no obligation service and support, telephone 01462 816666.

Design rainfall intensity (l/s/m2).

Storm duration (minutes) and return period (years).

Longitudinal channel gradient (%).

Total catchment depth and may include both sides of the intercept slot (m).

Outlet position.

Maximum permissible discharge flow rate if applicable (l/s).

Maximum permissible discharge velocity if applicable (m/s).

Flow controls to receiving watercourse or storm sewer – flow rates, velocities etc.

ACO Qmax® 600 End inflow (rainfall intensity 0.014 l/s/m2) Catchment area (ha) Longitudinal Ground Slope (%) 0.5 0.8 1.5

Length to Outlet (m)

0.0

50

0.93

1.68

2.14

2.86

100

0.75

1.68

2.14

2.86

200

0.57

1.68

2.14

2.86

300

0.45

1.68

2.14

2.86

400

0.40

1.68

2.14

2.86

500

0.37

1.71

2.14

2.86

600

0.34

1.79

2.14

2.86

700

0.32

1.82

2.14

2.86

800

0.31

1.86

2.14

2.86

ACO Qmax® 600 Lateral inflow (rainfall intensity 0.014 l/s/m2) Length to Outlet (m)

Longitudinal Ground Slope (%) 0.0 0.25 D Q Vmax D Q

Vmax

0.5 D

Q

Vmax

0.75 D

Q

Vmax

1.0 D

Q

Vmax

50

179

124

0.8

221

154

1.0

264

184

1.2

289

201

1.3

314

218

1.3

100

82

114

0.7

113

158

1.0

143

198

1.3

165

230

1.4

188

261

1.5

200

36

99

0.7

57

159

1.0

79

218

1.3

92

255

1.5

105

292

1.7

300

21

89

0.6

38

159

1.0

55

229

1.3

62

259

1.6

70

290

1.8

400

14

79

0.6

29

159

1.0

43

238

1.3

48

264

1.6

52

290

1.8

500

10

72

0.5

23

158

0.9

35

243

1.3

38

266

1.6

42

289

1.9

600

8

64

0.5

19

154

0.9

29

245

1.3

32

266

1.6

35

288

1.9

700

6

60

0.4

16

153

0.9

25

245

1.4

27

266

1.7

30

288

2.0

800

6

60

0.4

14

153

0.9

22

245

1.4

24

266

1.7

26

288

2.0

D = Catchment Depth (m) Q = Flow Rate (l/s) Vmax = Maximum flow velocity (m/s) at maximum inflow assuming free outfall

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ACO Qmax速 System

HYDRAULICS & LEGISLATION ACO Qmax速 900 End inflow (rainfall intensity 0.014 l/s/m2) Catchment area (ha) Longitudinal Ground Slope (%) 0.5 1.0 1.5

Length to Outlet (m)

0.0

200

1.93

5.00

6.43

7.86

300

1.64

5.00

6.43

7.86

400

1.43

5.00

6.43

7.86

500

1.25

5.04

6.43

7.86

600

1.18

5.07

6.43

7.86

700

1.14

5.07

6.43

7.86

800

1.11

5.11

6.43

7.86

900

1.00

5.14

6.43

7.86

1000

0.96

5.18

6.43

7.86

ACO Qmax速 900 Lateral inflow (rainfall intensity 0.014 l/s/m2)

4

Length to Outlet (m)

Longitudinal Ground Slope (%) 0.0 0.25 D Q Vmax D Q

Vmax

0.5 D

Q

Vmax

0.75 D

Q

Vmax

1.0 D

Q

Vmax

200

107

302

1.0

164

462

1.4

211

595

1.75

243

685

2.0

256

722

2.25

300

66

279

1.0

113

478

1.4

148

626

1.75

170

719

2.0

178

753

2.3

400

46

259

1.0

87

491

1.4

114

643

1.75

133

750

2.0

138

778

2.3

500

33

233

0.6

70

494

1.35

94

663

1.75

109

768

2.1

111

783

2.4

600

28

228

0.55

58

491

1.3

79

668

1.75

92

778

2.2

94

795

2.5

700

22

217

0.55

49

484

1.3

69

681

1.75

79

780

2.2

81

799

2.5

800

19

214

0.6

43

483

1.3

61

688

1.75

69

788

2.2

71

801

2.5

900

16

203

0.6

38

482

1.3

55

698

1.8

62

787

2.3

63

799

2.6

1000

14

197

0.6

33

465

1.25

49

691

1.8

55

776

2.3

56

790

2.6

D = Catchment Depth (m) Q = Flow Rate (l/s) Vmax = Maximum flow velocity (m/s) at maximum inflow assuming free outfall


ACO Qmax® System

HYDRAULICS & LEGISLATION SuDS Overview (Sustainable Drainage Systems) SuDS is a holistic approach to effective wastewater planning and the design management of surface water drainage systems. Traditional methods of draining large impermeable surfaces aim to remove water as fast as possible from the site with often little regard to downstream effects subsequently leading to hydraulic overload and flooding in some instances. ACO Qmax® essentially addresses:

Water quantity - effective storm management system by utilising the available storage volume within the ACO Qmax® channel to locally contain storm water at source. Used in conjunction with an ACO Q-Brake™ flow regulator (customised to suit the site requirements), discharge to a stormwater sewer or downstream watercourse can be controlled to suit the hydraulic demands of the site and therefore help prevent local flooding.

Use of space – by providing large volume storage within the channel, clients and specifiers are able to make more effective use of available space.

ACO Qmax® - a Watertight System ACO Qmax® has been specifically designed so that a seal can be added to provide a watertight connection between adjoining channel components This design feature complies with the water tightness requirements of BS EN 1433:2002 – Drainage Channels for Vehicular and Pedestrian Areas and has also been designed with the demands of the Water Framework Directive and the obligations on clients in mind. Although the ACO Qmax® is surrounded by concrete, naturally forming sub-surface shrinkage cracks adjacent to channel joints could allow water from a non-sealed system to reach the surrounding ground, and subsequently groundwaters. Two potential hazards then arise:

Latent and otherwise dormant toxins from brownfield sites could be mobilised and then may find their way into the groundwater to provide a pollution problem, or…

Accidental localised pollution sources from either end inflow and/or lateral inflow from the catchment area being serviced by the ACO Qmax® system. Unless fully contained, any pollutants could find their way into the groundwater in an uncontrolled manner through subsurface cracks in concrete.

Full control of the stormwater is achieved using a unique water seal that can easily be inserted in the joint between adjacent units.

5


ACO Qmax® System

HYDRAULICS & LEGISLATION Flow Regulation and Storage Effective and reliable regulation of outflow is core to a successful SuDS drainage solution to ensure downstream receiving watercourses or storm sewers are protected from hydraulic overload and/or erosion and thereby prevent flooding. Consistent with the ACO philosophy of providing choice for the Specifier, the patented ACO Q-Brake™ flow regulator is achieved using a profiled notched weir plate design, customised to suit the desired specified output flow rate, without the need to resort to expensive and space consuming vortex flow regulation devices.

Dry conditions, no rainfall and no outflow.

Rainfall starts, channel begins to fill with water and output via the flow regulator.

Water level in Qmax® system rises as storm intensity increases. Outflow reaches designed regulated flow rate without flooding of surrounding area.

Storm passes, controlled outflow continues and water level in channel system falls.

ACO Q-Brake™ flow regulator benefits:

No additional space needed – fits inside ACO Qmax® channel systems.

Simple construction.

Easy to fit.

Reliable operation.

Convenient access through access chamber.

Highly cost competitive compared to vortex flow regulators.

ACO Q-Brake™ flow regulator features:

Highly cost effective flow regulation at a fraction of the cost of vortex flow regulators.

No moving parts.

Corrosion resistant 304 austenitic stainless steel construction.

Neatly and simply installed in the ACO Qmax® channel sections.

Flow rates verified under full-scale laboratory tests.

In contrast to orifice plate regulators, the notched weir design minimises silt build up and promotes selfcleansing in the event of any build up of residues.

Long life assured with corrosion resistant, pickle passivated 304 stainless steel construction.

Ground level

Outfall

ACO Q-Brake™

ACO Q-Brake™ Flow Regulator Schematic

6

Principal advantages of the ACO Q-Brake™ flow regulator are as follows:

ACO Qmax® Stormwater Storage Simulation ACO Qmax® when used with an appropriate flow regulator can be used to store stormwater at source, often eliminating the need for separate storage tanks. The designs can be verified by the ACO Hydro V hydraulic modelling software, with simulations of hydraulic performance during storms of any duration or return period.


ACO Qmax® System

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE CHART

Chemical

Concentration

Acetic acid, glacial Acetic acid Acetic anhydride Acetone Alum Aluminium Sulphate Ammonium Chloride Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Phosphate Ammonium Sulphate Aniline (aminobenzene) Barium Chloride Benzaldehyde Benzene Benzyl Alcohol Borax Boric Acid Bromine Bromine Water Butyl Acetate Butyric acid Calcium Carbonate Calcium Chloride Calcium Hydroxide Calcium Nitrate Carbon Disulphide Carbon Tetrachloride Castor Oil Chlorine Gas, wet Chlorine Water Chlorobenzene Chloroform Chromic Acid Citric Acid Citric Acid Citric Acid Copper Chloride Copper Nitrate Diesel (DERV) Dimethyl Formamide Dicotyl Phthalate Ethanol Ethanol Ethyl Acetate Ethylene Glycol Ferrous Chloride Ferric Chloride Ferrous Sulphate Fomaldehyde Formic Acid Fuel Oil Glycerine Hydrobromic Acid

Greater Than 96% 10% - 100% 100% 100% SOL SAT SOL SAT SOL SAT SOL SAT SOL SAT SOL 100% SAT SOL 100% 100% 100% SAT SOL SAT SOL 100% 100% 100% 100% SAT SOL SAT SOL SAT SOL SAT SOL 100% 100% SOL 100% 2% SAT SOL 100% 100% 50% SAT SOL 20% 50% SAT SOL SAT SOL 100% 100% 100% 40% 96% 100% 100% SAT SOL SAT SOL SAT SOL 40% 40% 100% 100% 100%

Medium Density Polyethylene

Key

Chemical

Concentration

Hydrochloric Acid Hydrofluoric Acid Hydrogen Peroxide Lactic Acid Lead Acetate Magnesium Chloride Magnesium Sulphate Maleic Acid Motor Oil Nickel Chloride Nickel Sulphate Nitric Acid Nitrobenzine Oleic Acid Oxalic Acid Phosphoric Acid Phosphorous Trichloride Petrol Potassium Carbonate Potassium Chloride Potassium Dichromate Potassium Hydroxide Potassium Nitrate Potassium Permanganate Potassium Sulphate Pyridine Sodium Acetate Sodium Bromide Sodium Carbonate Sodium Chlorate Sodium Chloride Sodium Hydroxide (Caustic Soda) Sodium Hypochlorite Sodium Nitrate Sodium Nitrite Sodium Phosphate Sodium Sulphate Sodium Sulphide Stearic Acid Styrene Sulphuric Acid Sulphuric Acid Sulphruic Acid Sulphuric Acid Sulphuric Acid Sulphuric Acid Tetrachloroethylene Thionyl Chloride Toluene Turpentine Water Xylene Zinc Sulphate

CONCENTRATE CONCENTRATE 30-90% 100% SAT SOL SAT SOL SAT SOL CONCENTRATE 100% SAT SOL SAT SOL 25% 100% 100% 100% 98% 100% 100% SAT SOL SAT SOL SAT SOL 10% SAT SOL 20% SAT SOL 100% SAT SOL SAT SOL SAT SOL SAT SOL SAT SOL CONCENTRATE 15% SAT SOL SAT SOL SAT SOL SAT SOL SAT SOL SAT SOL SOL 10% 50% 70% 80% 98% FUMING 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% SAT SOL

SAT SOL - Saturated Aqueous solution, prepared at 20°C SOL

Medium Density Polyethylene

- Aqueous solution at a concentration higher than 10% but not saturated - indicates that the material is resistant to the particular chemical - indicates that the materials has a limited resistant to the particular chemical - indicates that the material is not resistant to the particular chemical and is not recommended for use

7


ACO Qmax® System

LITERATURE FOR ACO QMAX®

ACO QMAX® SYSTEM

TECHNICAL DATA

SITEWORK & INSTALLATION

Call for literature or more information: 01462 816666

ACO Technologies plc

International Enquiries

ACO Business Park, Hitchin Road, Shefford, Bedfordshire SG17 5TE

Tel: +44 (0)1462 816666 Fax: +44 (0)1462 850957 e-mail: international@aco.co.uk website: www.aco.co.uk

Tel: 01462 816666 Fax: 01462 815895 e-mail Sales: customersupport@aco.co.uk e-mail Technical: draintechnical@aco.co.uk website: www.aco.co.uk

ACO Qmax® is a registered trademark of ACO Technologies plc. The Qmax® channel system is protected by patent and registered design rights. All intellectual rights are the property of ACO Technologies plc. Any infringement of these property rights will result in the appropriate legal action being taken. © August 2005 ACO Technologies plc. All reasonable care has been taken in compiling the information in this document. All recommendations and suggestions on the use of ACO products are made without guarantee since the conditions of use are beyond the control of the Company. It is the customer's responsibility to ensure that each product is fit for its intended purpose, and that the actual conditions of use are suitable. This brochure and any advice is provided by ACO Technologies plc (the Company) free of charge and accordingly on terms that no liability including liability for negligence will attach to the Company or its servants or agents arising out of or in connection with or in relation to this brochure or any such advice. Any goods supplied by the Company will be supplied solely upon its standard conditions of sale, copies of which are available on request. The Company's policy of continuous product development and improvement renders specifications liable to modification. Information provided in this brochure is therefore subject to change without prior notification.


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