207
Index
Minisatellite, 171 Mismatch repair, 30 Missense mutation, 72 Mitochondria, 15–16, 103–110, 198 Mitosis, 17–19, 198 Molecular clock hypothesis, 157–158 Molecular phylogenetics, 155 Monoecious plants, 164 Monophyletic groups, 153 Monosomy, 167 Morgan, Thomas Hunt, 34–35, 37–40, 67 Mosquito genome, 61 Mouse genetic engineering with, 135–137 genome, 60 Mouse Genome Sequencing Consortium, 60 mRNA (messenger RNA), 15, 45, 47, 49, 58, 122, 198 Muller, Hermann J., 36, 67–69 Multigene families, 152 Multiple sclerosis, 50, 168 Mutations, 30–31, 64, 151–152 in cancer cells, 78–79 causes of, 74 definition of, 198 introduction, 67–68 quiz, 75–76, 190 types of, 68–73 N Naked virus, 121 National Institutes of Health (NIH), 56–57, 59 Natural selection, 2, 148, 150 Neanderthals, 109 Negative control, 99 Neoplasms, 78, 198 Neutral substitution, 72 Newborn screening, 172 NIH (National Institutes of Health), 56–57, 59 Nirenberg, Michael, 44 Nitrogenous base, 26 Nonsense mutation, 72 Nonvirulent phages, 118
Nuclear membrane, 15–16 Nucleases, 125–126 Nucleocapsid, 115 Nucleolus, 15–16 Nucleoplasm, 15 Nucleosomes, 18 Nucleotides, 29, 198 Nucleus, 12, 15, 198 O Okazaki fragments, 30, 93 Oncogenes, 80–82, 198 Oncogenesis, 78 Oncology, 78 On the Origin of Species, 1–2, 147 Operons, 95, 99 Organelles, 13–16 chloroplasts, 106–107 definition of, 198 evolution and, 108–110 inheritance, 107–108 introduction, 103–104 mitochondria, 104–106 quiz, 110–111, 191 Ori, 30, 198 Orthologs, 155 P Pääbo, Svante, 108–109 Page, David, 109 Palindrome, 126 Paralogs, 155–156 Parkinson’s disease, 168 Pauling, Linus, 24 PCR (polymerase chain reaction), 199 Peas, Mendel’s research on, 4–6 Peptidase enzymes, 48 Peptidoglycan, 90 Peptidyl transferase, 47 Petites, 108 p53 tumor-suppressor gene, 84–85 Phages, 98, 116 Phenotype, 50, 73, 198