9. A Universe Built Upon Complexification

“Despite the complexity and variety of the universe, it turns out that to make one you need just three ingredients: Matter, energy and space”

- Stephen Hawking

When Hawking made that pronouncement, he was remarkably close to the truth. But Hawking also made mention that only these three things were necessary because matter in the universe had a natural propensity to come together and organize. What he missed, as a physicist, was why things naturally came together.

This was excusable for a physicist, because their only answer was things came together because it was the nature of the universe. Why this was the nature of the universe did not occur to Hawking, as it was not in his field of expertise. The essential whys of the universe lie within the realm of metaphysics, not physics.

Birnbaum, as a metaphysicist was able to more precisely answer this question, asserting that the universe needed four things: 141