Kjvg AbymÜvbK…Z wek¦e¨vcx MYZ‡š¿i P¨v‡j‡Äi g‡a¨ Aek¨B ev¯ÍeZvi cÖwZdjb Av‡Q| Z‡e B‡Kv‡bvwg‡÷i †jLKMY KZ…©K AbymÜvbK…Z P¨v‡jÄ e¨vcKv_©‡evaK| ÔbvMwiKM‡Yi g‡a¨ †_‡K MYZš¿ P¨v‡j‡Äi m¤§yLxb n‡q _v‡KÕ B‡Kv‡bvwg‡÷i GB e¨vcKv_©‡evaK ch©‡eÿ‡Yi A_© GwUI n‡Z cv‡i †h msL¨vMwiô bvMwiKM‡Yi wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva Aek¨B Ggb GKwU welq hvi Øviv MYZš¿vq‡bi MwZ Z¡ivwš^Z n‡Z cv‡i Avevi Zv cÖej euvavi m¤§yLxb n‡Z cv‡i| †hgbwU, m½ZKvi‡Y, evsjv‡`‡k ivRbxwZi ¯^v‡_© a‡g©i e¨env‡ii †ÿ‡Î ejv hvq| G‡`‡k ivRbxwZi ¯^v‡_© ag©‡K e¨env‡ii wbôzi wkKv‡i cwiYZ n‡”Q ag©xq msL¨vjNy m¤úÖ`vq| †hwU‡K Rb ÷zqvU© wg‡ji e³‡e¨i kãvšÍi K‡i ag©xq msL¨vMwi‡ôi mvgvwRK ˆ¯^ivPvi wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| msL¨vMwiô I msL¨vjwNô wbwe©‡k‡l MYZš¿ †`‡ki mKj bvMwi‡Ki Rxeb, m¤úwË I ¯^vaxbZvi wbðqZv weav‡bi me©vwaK MÖnY‡hvM¨ e¨e¯’v| †m‡nZz bvMwiK‡`i GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ask wec`MÖ¯Í n‡q _v‡K †h cÖwμqvq Zv A_©vr ivRbxwZi cÖ‡qvR‡b a‡g©i e¨envi MYZš¿vq‡bi Rb¨ P¨v‡jÄB e‡U! hv †nvK, ivóªweÁvbx Aa¨vcK W. iIbK Rvnvb Zuvi DwjøwLZ M‡elYv wbe‡Ü evsjv‡`‡k MYZš¿vq‡bi P¨v‡jÄ m¤ú‡K© Zuvi wbR¯^ e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| evsjv‡`‡ki MYZš¿vq‡bi P¨v‡jÄ m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ ivóªweÁvbx ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wel‡qi we‡klÁ cÖvq GKB ai‡Yi e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡Kb| Avm‡j ivóªweÁvb me mgq e¨vL¨v wb‡q e¨vc„Z _v‡K Ges ivóªweÁv‡bi wbR¯^ e¨vL¨v¸‡jv ivR‰bwZK jÿY e¨vL¨v Kivi †ÿ‡Î GKwU wbY©vqK As‡k cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| Ab¨vb¨ mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi g‡Zv ivóªweÁvb weMZ GKkZ eQi hver cwiewZ©Z n‡q Avm‡Q| kZvãxe¨vcx ivR‰bwZK evn¨g~wZ©i Av`k© wba©viK I AvBbMZ c×wZ e¨env‡ii ci ivóªweÁvb GLb GKwU bZzb c‡_i mÜvb †c‡Z †Póv Ki‡Q| bZzb c‡_i AbymÜvb cÖwμqvi mv‡_ Rwo‡q Av‡Q g~javiv ivóªweÁv‡bi e¨_©Zvi †cÖÿvcU|
g~javiv ivóªweÁv‡bi e¨_©Zv g~javiv ivóªweÁv‡bi e¨_©Zvi welqwU ïay evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªweÁv‡bi †ÿ‡ÎB jÿ¨ Kiv hv‡”Q bv| Ab¨vb¨ †`k †hgb : gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi g~javiv ivóªweÁv‡bI GwU B‡Zvg‡a¨ jÿ¨ Kiv †M‡Q| G‡ÿ‡Î Av‡gwiKvb cwjwUK¨vj mv‡qÝ wiwfD‡Z
2006 mv‡ji b‡f¤^i gv‡m cÖKvwkZ gvB‡Kj wU. wMeb‡mi e³e¨wU cÖwYavb‡hvM¨| ÔHermenutics, Political Inquiry, and Practical Reason : An Evolving Challenge to Political ScienceÕ kxl©K wbe‡Ü wMeb&m e‡jb,
ÔweMZ kZvãxe¨vcx Gi weeZ©b cÖwμqvq, ivRbxwZi e¨vL¨vg~jK c×wZ¸‡jvi AMÖMwZi cwieZ©‡bi wnmve wb‡Z g~javivi ivóªweÁvb e¨_© n‡q‡Q| ivR‰bwZK AbymÜv‡bi cÖfvekvjx c×wZ¸‡jvi AbymvixMY mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK wμqvKjv‡ci A‡_©i cÖKw… Z fyj ey‡S‡Qb Ges ivR‰bwZK Rxeb D˜NvU‡bi †¶‡Î †mB A_© Avg`vwb‡Z fzj K‡i‡Qb|Õ ivóªweÁv‡bi BwZnvm hw` GKwU c¨vivMÖv‡d ms‡¶wcZ Kiv nq, Zvn‡j Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h, Ebwesk kZvãxi ïiæ ch©šÍ G welqwU‡Z `k©b Ges AvB‡bi wecyj cÖfve wQj| 1820 mv‡ji ci †_‡K cwimsL¨vb Øviv Mfxifv‡e cÖfvweZ n‡q mgvR Ges iv‡óªi cwimsL¨vbMZ Ávb ivR‰bwZKfv‡e `„k¨gvb A¯^vfvweK NUbvmg~‡ni bZzb weei‡Yi w`‡K GwM‡q †bq| cwimsL¨vbMZ cÖgvY ivR‰bwZK Áv‡bi mv‡_ Kgc‡¶ wZb kZvãx c~e© n‡Z m¤úK©h³ y wQj| ivR‰bwZK Bmy¨¸‡jv‡Z wPšÍv-fvebvi GB bZzb AvK…wZi m‡e©v”P gvÎv BZ¯ÍZ: `„ó n‡qwQj 1850 Ges 1860 mv‡ji w`‡K Ges Rvg©vb mvgvwRK weÁvbmg~n n‡”Q Gi m‡e©vËg D`vniY| Ebwesk kZvãxi †kl w`‡K cwÐZ e¨w³eM© mœvZK ch©v‡q Aa¨q‡bi Rb¨ Rvg©vwb‡Z wM‡qwQ‡jb Ges †mLvb †_‡K gvwK©b hy³iv‡óª wd‡i G‡m m‡e©vËg gh©v`vm¤úbœ wek¦we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z cvwÐZ¨c~Y© Ae¯’vb¸‡jv‡Z AwawôZ n‡qwQ‡jb ZLb Av‡gwiKvi GKv‡Wwg RM‡Z ivR‰bwZK cÖwμqvmg~‡ni cwigvYMZ weeiY cÖ‡ek K‡iwQj| Gfv‡e GKwU ¯^Zš¿ wefvM †Lvjvi gva¨‡g Kjw¤^qv wek¦we`¨vjq cÖ_g D”PZi cÖwZôv‡b cwiYZ nq, †hLv‡b ivR‰bwZK we‡køl‡Yi AwaKZi cÖ‡qvRbxq Aej¤^b wn‡m‡e ivóªweÁvb I cwimsL¨vb wk¶v †`Iqv n‡Zv| Z‡e ivóªweÁv‡b 1950-Gi AvPiYev`x wecøe GB welqwU‡Z cwigvYMZ we‡køl‡Yi Ae¯’vb msnZ K‡iwQj| KvbvWxq ivóªweÁvbx †WwfW B÷b (1917-), gvwK©b ivóªweÁvbx M¨vweª‡qj A¨vjgÛ (19112002), gvwK©b ivóªweÁvbx n¨viì j¨vmI‡qj (1902-1978), gvwK©b ivóªweÁvbx G. fve©v (1932-), cÖfvekvjx Ges iÿYkxj gvwK©b ivóªweÁvbx m¨vgy‡qj ¯^‡`k Lei19
nvw›UsUb (1927-2008) Ges B‡qj wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ÷vwj©s B‡gwiUvm cÖ‡dmi ievU© Wvn&j (1915-2014) cÖgyL ivóªweÁvbxMY AvPiYev`x ˆmb¨`‡j Rbc~Y© K‡iwQ‡jb, hv Av‡gwiKvi wek¦we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z 1930 mvj †_‡K Avwef‚©Z n‡q‡Q| G welqwU‡Z Zv‡`i KvR¸‡jv weL¨vZ NUbvi wPýe‡j we‡ewPZ Ges ivóªweÁv‡bi cÖvq cÖ‡Z¨K Dc-welq [AvšÍR©vwZK m¤úK©, ivR‰bwZK ZË¡, miKvwi bxwZ, ivR‰bwZK c×wZ] Zv‡`i Øviv cÖfvweZ| MwWb I wK¬sg¨vb (1996) j¶¨ K‡ib †h weMZ `yB `k‡K ievU© Wvn&j n‡”Qb m‡e©v”P DׄZ ivóªweÁvbx Ges Zuvi iwPZ eB¸‡jv ivóªweÁv‡bi mKj Dcwel‡qi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †idv‡iÝ| Gi K…wZZ¡c~Y© KvR m‡Ë¡I, AvPiYev`x M‡elYv Kg©mw~ P ax‡i ax‡i g„Z¨z gy‡L cwZZ nw”Qj Ges 1990 mv‡ji w`‡K B÷b wb‡R ¯^xKvi K‡ib †h ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡mi me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz NUbv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z AvPiYev` m¶g bq, we‡klZ: †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi cZb Ges mœvqyhy‡×i mgvwß| GB g„Zz¨, hv †nvK, ivóªweÁv‡bi Dci Gi (A_©vr AvPiYev‡`i) cÖfve cÖwZdwjZ K‡i bv| 1990-Gi ïiæ‡Z ivóªweÁvbxMY welqwUi Ávb AvniY m¤úwK©Z weeiY weev`wem¤^v` Gi Rb¨ wbR¯^ c¨vivWvBgnxb Ae¯’vq c‡ob| Gai‡Yi cwiw¯’wZ †gvKvwejvi wbwg‡Ë ivóªweÁvb ZLb mgvRweÁv‡b, mvwnZ¨ Z‡Ë¡, b„weÁv‡b Ges A_©bxwZ‡Z bZzb M‡elYv Kg©mw~ Pi mÜvb Ki‡Z _v‡K| G Kvi‡Y A¨vjgÛ ¯^xKvi K‡ib †h Pjgvb ivóªweÁvb n‡”Q wewfbœ m~Î †_‡K AvniYKvix ev weweaMÖvnx GKwU welq| ivóªweÁvbx‡`i cÖ‡Póv wKQz `vk©wbK weZK©, we‡klZ AvaywbK Ges DËiAvaywbK weZK© Øviv AwZ D”PgvÎvq cÖfvweZ n‡q‡Q| GB †cÖ¶vcU, ivóªweÁvb bZzb †KŠkj, c×wZ ÁvbZvwË¡K wfwË ms‡hvM K‡i Avm‡Q, hv GKwU ÔDËicÖv‡qvwMK ivóªweÁvbÕ DÌvb NUv‡”Q| evsjv‡`‡k MYZš¿vq‡bi P¨v‡jÄ wn‡m‡e ÔivRbxwZ‡Z a‡g©i e¨envi I Ace¨envi‡KÕ wPwýZ bv Ki‡Z cviv Ges ivRbxwZi e¨vL¨vi †ÿ‡Î †h c×wZMZ cwieZ©b mvwaZ n‡”Q, Zv Abyave‡b AcviMZv G‡j g~javiv ivóªweÁv‡bi e¨_©Zv‡K G‡`‡k cÖKU AvKv‡i Zz‡j ai‡Q| †jLK : †Pqvig¨vb , ivóªweÁvb wefvM I cwiPvjK, mvD_ Gwkqvb ÷vwW mv‡K©j, RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vjq|