High School
E lements Essential Reinforcement for the ACT College Readiness Standards ®
ASPIRE SAMPLE SELECTIONS
Elements ASPIRE Sample
High School Edition
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Table of Contents English Sample.................................................................................................................................. 5 English Answer Key......................................................................................................................... 11 Math Sample................................................................................................................................... 13 Math Answer Key............................................................................................................................. 21 Reading Sample.............................................................................................................................. 25 Reading Answer Key........................................................................................................................ 31 Science Sample............................................................................................................................... 35 Science Answer Key........................................................................................................................ 43
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English Sample
ASPIRE English Elements: Elements: High School High Bell School Ringers Bell Ringers Sample
Introductions and Conclusions, Exercise 1
1.
Linda Brown was excited when her father, Oliver, told her she would attend the same elementary school as her neighborhood friends, who
Which choice would convey the importance of the case and conclude the paragraph most effectively? A. NO CHANGE B. Thus, Brown’s case reminds us that you should stand strong for your beliefs, regardless of the opponent. C. The case for racial equality means the right to be heard must be used more effectively. D. At the end of the day, equality is important for everybody.
were mostly white. However, when the school denied admittance, sending her instead to a segregated school over a mile away, her father decided to take action. In 1951, Oliver Brown and 12 other plaintiffs filed a case against the Topeka Board of Education in Topeka, Kansas. Eventually the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, stating that segregated schools were unconstitutional. Brown v. Board of Education is a significant case as it overturned the “separate but equal” concept that had been established in the case Plessy v. Ferguson.
2.
The New Orleans Superdome was built in 1975 to host games between professional football teams. For over four decades, the space has also been used
Assuming all of the following statements are true, which one most logically concludes this paragraph? F. NO CHANGE G. The Superdome was used as an emergency shelter for thousands of residents when Hurricane Katrina struck southeast Louisiana. H. The Superdome is the home stadium for the professional football team, the New Orleans Saints. J. The Morial Convention Center is also in New Orleans, named after the city’s first African-American mayor, Nathan E. Morial.
for other sporting and music events. As tourism strengthened the city’s economy, several other convention centers and music halls were built, each competing to be the premier location for profitable conventions and concerts. Many large events are still held at the Superdome, however.
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ASPIRE English Elements: High School Bell Ringers Sample
Introductions and Conclusions, Exercise 2
streetcars, but I love them because I like to save money. The large homes on St. Charles Avenue, busy Lee Circle, and all the people going about their
The writer wants to add a single reason for her love of the streetcar. Which choice is most relevant to the information in the first paragraph? A. B. C. D.
NO CHANGE I like to see the city. they are faster than driving. they are safer.
PL
business throughout the city are common sights.
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1.
A lot of people hate to ride the New Orleans
2.
Members of the Coast Guard know they have
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a lot to do. Sharks create fear and tension among
beachgoers every summer. However, with the help
of unmanned drones that allow for real time aerial
views of the ocean, the Coast Guard is better suited
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than ever.
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Which choice best supports the main idea while concluding the paragraph?
F. NO CHANGE G. is excited about using the new tools next summer. H. hopes to provide better warnings when sharks are in populated areas. J. looks forward to working with other coastal safety teams who are knowledgeable of shark attacks.
ASPIRE English Elements: Elements: High School High Bell School Ringers Bell Ringers Sample
Introductions and Conclusions, Exercise 3
1.
Max and his team thought that the rules of the game had been violated. Regardless, José was awarded first base. Max and his team had to ignore
Assuming all choices are true, which option most effectively introduces the main idea of the paragraph? A. NO CHANGE B. The pitching coach said José crowds the plate, so Max should have known better. C. If the pitch had hit José in the back, the umpire might have been correct in awarding him the base. D. This occurred at the end of the game, in a highly stressful situation.
the perceived injustice and continue playing the game.
2.
Unlike historic monetary systems, the current system in the United States no longer runs on the gold standard. Without a tangible substance,
Which option would serve as the best conclusion for the paragraph while summarizing a main idea? F. G. H. J.
American money is now based only on perceived value. Today’s dollar is valued for its logical worth and not another substance’s rarity.
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NO CHANGE the historic importance of gold. gold’s usefulness as a tool. the price of gold on the open market.
ASPIRE English Elements: High School Bell Ringers Sample
Introductions and Conclusions, Exercise 4
1.
Christopher believed that his basic rights
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had been infringed upon. His parents, who had refused to buy the six-year-old a third cotton candy
A. NO CHANGE B. The parents said that too much sugar was bad for his health, so Christopher should have known better. C. If Christopher hadn’t already had two cotton candies, his outburst might have been more reasonable. D. It was very hot that day, and Christopher was getting tired.
at the theme park, were both irritated and amused.
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embarrassment.
PL
However, when Christopher began throwing a very loud tantrum, their amusement turned to
Assuming all choices are true, which option most effectively introduces the main idea of the paragraph?
Stars fill the sky above the waters; oil rigs glimmer across the Gulf of Mexico. The sound
of crashing waves gives background noise to the
children running across the moonlit beach. At Grand
Isle, it isn’t hard to appreciate why the family misses
SA
their grandfather so much.
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2.
Given that all the following choices are true, which one is the most effective conclusion to the sentence and the paragraph? F. NO CHANGE G. what keeps the family coming back year after year. H. why the family isn’t surprised to see so many other familiar faces on the beach. J. why the family has become so well known.
English Elements: HighBell School Bell Sample Ringers ASPIRE Elements: High School Ringers
Introductions and Conclusions, Exercise 5
Who do you think would win a battle of wits (intelligence or ability to think quickly in order to beat an opponent) between a cat and a dog? Take a position and pick a winner. Introduce your winning side with an introduction, supporting details, and a conclusion. You must also acknowledge the opposing side.
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E PL 2
SA
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English Answer Key
English Elements: High School BellBell Ringers Teacher Manual ASPIRE Elements: High School Ringers Sample
Introductions and Conclusions Exercise 1 (pg. 135) 1. The correct answer is A. Choice B is incorrect because it lacks support for its assertion and does not convey how important the case was. Choice C is incorrect because it deviates from the main idea of the paragraph. Choice D is incorrect because it is too general. Choice A is correct because it gives historical context to the case and is a strong conclusion. 2. The correct answer is F. Choices G and H are incorrect because they reference unrelated information. Choice J is incorrect because it adds unnecessary details. Choice F is correct because the statement is logically connected to the paragraph and completes the thought regarding the Superdome’s fame.
Exercise 2 (pg. 136) 1. The correct answer is B. Choice A is incorrect because the paragraph doesn’t mention the price of the streetcar. Choice C is incorrect because the paragraph doesn’t mention the speed of the streetcar. Choice D is incorrect because the paragraph doesn’t mention how safe the streetcars are. Choice B is correct because after the underlined portion, the paragraph focuses on sights along the route.
2. The correct answer is H. Choices F and G are incorrect because they are too general and do not support the main idea. Choice J is incorrect because it introduces new content, working with other coastal safety teams, that is not previously mentioned. Choice H is correct because it provides a specific conclusion with strong support. Exercise 3 (pg. 137) 1. The correct answer is A. Choice B is incorrect because it introduces the situation too specifically. Choice C is incorrect because it explains the event without any introduction of the event. Choice D is incorrect as it summarizes the event instead of introducing it. Choice A is correct because it introduces the paragraph without providing too many details.
2. The correct answer is J. Choice F is incorrect because another substance’s rarity is too ambiguous. Choice G is incorrect because historic importance of gold doesn’t relate to a main idea. Choice H is incorrect because gold’s usefulness as a tool is also unrelated to the main idea. Choice J is correct because it concludes the paragraph by referring back to the United States' use of the gold standard. Exercise 4 (pg. 138) 1. The correct answer is A. Choice B is incorrect because it introduces details, but not the general problem. Choice C is incorrect because it explains the event, but doesn’t set up an introduction. Choice D is incorrect as it provides a conclusion to the event. Choice A is correct because it introduces the paragraph without providing too many details. 2. The correct answer is G. Choices F and J are incorrect because they mention details not given in the paragraph. Choice H is incorrect because the paragraph lacks details that support its claim. Choice G is correct because it connects the family to the previously stated facts in the paragraph and creates a logical connection.
Exercise 5 (pg. 139) 1. Answers will vary.
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Math Sample
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ASPIRE Elements: High School Bell Ringers Sample Math Elements: High School Bell Ringers
Sequences Exercise 1 1.
The second term of an arithmetic sequence is –5, and the third term is –20. What is the first term? A. –35 B. 5 C. 10 D. 15 E. 20
2.
What is the fourth term in the geometric sequence 3, –9, 27, … ? F. –81 G. –27 H. –9 J. 9 K. 81
3.
In a certain arithmetic sequence, consecutive terms have a positive common difference. The first 4 terms of the sequence have a sum of 80. Which of the following values CANNOT be the first term of the arithmetic sequence? A. 10 B. 12 C. 16 D. 18 E. 20
DO YOUR FIGURING HERE.
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ASPIRE MathElements: Elements:High High School School Bell Ringers Ringers Sample
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Sequences Exercise 2 1.
DO YOUR FIGURING HERE.
The units digits of the positive integer powers of each whole number create a pattern. Some powers of 3 are listed in the table below. What is the units digit of 7 54 ?
A. B. C. D. E.
Power of 3
Units digit
31 = 3 32 = 9 33 = 27 34 = 81 35 = 243 36 = 729 37 = 2,187 38 = 6,561
3 9 7 1 3 9 7 1
1 3 5 7 9
2.
If 3 is the first term and 1,029 is the fourth term of a geometric progression, which of the following is the second term? F. 9 G. 18 H. 21 J. 63 K. 343
3.
The table below gives some (x,y) pairs that satisfy a linear relationship. What is the value of z ?
A. B. C. D. E.
x
y
–3 –1 3 5
–10 –2 14 z
16 18 20 22 24 59
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ASPIRE Elements: High School Bell Ringers Sample Math Elements: High School Bell Ringers
Sequences Exercise 3 1.
A geometric sequence is as follows 4, –12, 36, … ? What is the fifth term in the sequence, and why?
2.
An arithmetic sequence has a first term of 5 and a fourth term of 29. What is the common difference of the sequence?
DO YOUR FIGURING HERE.
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ASPIRE MathElements: Elements:High High School School Bell Ringers Ringers Sample
Sequences Exercise 4 1.
DO YOUR FIGURING HERE.
The first term in a geometric sequence is 8. The common ratio is some number strictly less than 4. Why can the third term be greater than 128, even though 8 ∙ 4 ∙ 4 = 128 ?
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ASPIRE Elements: High School BellBell Ringers Sample Math Elements: High School Ringers
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Sequences Exercise 4 2.
DO YOUR FIGURING HERE.
There is a pattern in the units digits of the positive integer powers of each whole number. Some powers of 3 are shown below. If x is a positive integer, what is the units digit of 6 x and why?
Power of 3
Units digit
31 = 3 32 = 9 33 = 27 34 = 81 35 = 243 36 = 729 37 = 2,187 38 = 6,561
3 9 7 1 3 9 7 1
18 62
2
2
ASPIRE MathElements: Elements:High High School School Bell Bell Ringers Sample
Sequences Exercise 5 1.
DO YOUR FIGURING HERE.
Unscramble the following words: qesncuee tnpaetr seiser srmet What is the relationship between these words? What do they have in common and how do they differ?
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Math Answer Key
Math Elements: High School Bell Ringers Teacher Manual ASPIRE Elements: High School Bell Ringers Sample
Sequences Exercise 1 (pg. 58) 1. The correct answer is C. Subtract the second term from the third term to find the difference between terms. (–20) – (–5) = –15 So, the difference between terms is –15. Allow term 1 to equal x and set up an equation: x – 15 = –5 x = 10
2. The correct answer is F. Divide the second term by the first term in order to find the common ratio. −9 = –3 3 Multiply the third term by the common ratio to get the fourth term. 27 ⋅ –3 = –81 3. The correct answer is E. Let the first term of the sequence be x and the positive difference be y. Then, the sum of the first 4 terms is: x + (x + y) + (x + 2y) + (x + 3y) = 80 4x + 6y = 80 Plug in the listed answers for x. Notice that when x = 20, 80 + 6y = 80 and y = 0. This is not possible, becuase the common difference must be positive, making choice E the correct choice.
Exercise 2 (pg. 59) 1. The correct answer is E. The pattern of the units digit of the powers of seven is 7, 9, 3, 1, 7, 9, 3, 1 … 7, 9, 3, 1. If the power is divisible by 4, then the units digits of the number is 1. 52 is divisible by 4, thus 752 unit digit is 1. Since 54 is 2 powers higher, it follows the pattern that it will end in 9. 2. The correct answer is H. The fourth term of a geometric sequence is expressed as the first term multiplied by the common ratio to the third power. 3 ⋅ x3 = 1,029 x3 = 343 x=
3
343 = 7
The common ratio is 7. To find the second term, multiply the first term by the common ratio. 3 ⋅ 7 = 21
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MathASPIRE Elements: High School Bell Ringers TeacherSample Manual Elements: High School Bell Ringers 3. The correct answer is D. If you set up this problem as a sequence, you can solve for z. Allow –10 to be the 1st term of the sequence and –2 to be the 3rd term since their x-values are two units apart. Using this technique, we can set up a sequence like this: –10, ___, –2, ___, ___, ___, 14, ___, z The difference between the 1st and 3rd terms is 8 units. Divide this by 2 since the terms are 2 spots apart from each other. This gives you a common difference of 4. Using this common difference you can fill in the blanks for the rest of the sequence. –10, –6, –2, 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 The last term of the sequence, z, is equal to 22.
Exercise 3 (pg. 60) 1. The common ratio of the sequence can be found by dividing the second term by the first term. −12 = –3 4 Once the common ratio is found, it is applied twice to the third term to result in the fifth term. 36 ⋅ (–3) ⋅ (–3) = 324
2. The fourth term is the first term with the common difference added 3 times. Thus the common difference can be found using the following equation. 5 + 3(x) = 29 3x = 24 x=8 Exercise 4 (pg. 61) 1. The common ratio can be a negative number less than –4. 8 ⋅ (–4) ⋅ (–4) = 128 Take –5, for example: 8 ⋅ (–5) ⋅ (–5) = 200.
2. The pattern of the units digit of the positive integer powers of 6 is always 6. Thus the units digit of 6x is always 6 for all positive integers x. Exercise 5 (pg. 63) 1. sequence, pattern, series, terms A sequence is an ordered list of numbers. A series is a sum of the numbers in the sequence. Numbers in a sequence form a pattern. The terms are the numbers in the sequence.
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Reading Sample
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ASPIRE Elements: HighHigh School Bell Ringers Sample Reading Elements: School Bell Ringers
3
Summarize Key Ideas & Details, Part 1 Exercise 1
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HUMANITIES: This passage is adapted from the essay “A Moment of Silence” by Belinda Mayberry (©2015 by MasteryPrep).
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By August 1952, John Cage had been challenging audiences with his avant-garde musical compositions for decades, his style ever-evolving as he incorporated new ideas that interested him. But at a recital in Woodstock, New York, Cage presented a musical composition that was considered radical, even for him.
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Pianist David Tudor took the stage to perform Cage’s latest composition, 4’33”. The audience watched in confusion as Tudor sat at the piano, silent and unmoving, for exactly four minutes and thirty-three seconds. Then, he stood and took a bow; the piece was over, and the virtuoso pianist had not played a single note of music. Feeling that they had been mocked by an arrogant composer, the audience reacted in an uproar of shock and anger. Rumor has it that after the premiere, even Cage’s staunchly supportive mother asked one of his friends, “Don’t you think John has gone too far this time?” There have been several performances of 4’33” since 1952, delivered by many different ensembles— soloists, jazz combos, symphonies, etc. Cage never specified for what type of ensemble the composition was written, leaving it up to the interpretation of the performers. The disparate renditions of the “silent piece,” however, are all united by one element: none of the performances are actually silent. During the four and a half minutes of perceived silence, the audience’s ears are (sometimes uncomfortably) drawn to all kinds of ambient noises. Without the musical accompaniment, the sounds of chairs squeaking, throats being cleared, or a distant siren become prominent. When a patron enters a concert hall expecting a musical performance and is instead made to listen only to the sounds surrounding him for four minutes and thirty-three seconds, he will likely wonder, “Am I listening to music?”
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This is precisely the question that Cage intended to examine with 4’33”. Before he conceived the idea for the piece, Cage’s philosophy about the definition of music had been developing in profound ways. Early in his musical career, he questioned the idea that music must consist of certain sounds produced by certain instruments in a certain setting. He was also greatly influenced by elements of Zen Buddhism, particularly the idea that art and beauty surround us in everyday life and that everyday experiences should be celebrated as art; he began to believe that we cheat ourselves by designating art to a separate sphere such as a concert hall or an art gallery. Cage had also been cultivating a personal study in the element of silence in both music and everyday life. In 1951 he visited the most silent place on earth: the anechoic chamber at Harvard University. Completely soundproof, its interior was engineered to absorb
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all sounds produced inside the room. In theory, a visitor to the anechoic chamber will experience total silence. When Cage visited, however, he claimed to have heard two unceasing sounds, one higher in frequency and one lower. When he asked the chamber engineer about them, the engineer informed him that the higher-pitched noise was the sound of his nervous system in operation, and the lower-pitched noise was the sound of his blood circulating. This experience had a profound impact on Cage. He later wrote, “Until I die, there will be sounds. And they will continue following my death.” In essence, Cage’s visit to the anechoic chamber proved to him that total silence is nonexistent. In response to the original 1952 performance, Cage later commented that his audience did not understand his intended message. He remarked, “What they thought was silence, because they don’t know how to listen, was full of accidental sounds.” In three movements, there were distinct noises. During the first movement, Cage said, “you could hear the wind stirring outside.” In the second movement, “raindrops began pattering on the roof, and during the third, the people themselves made all kinds of interesting sounds as they talked or walked out.” With 4’33”, Cage attempted to communicate that the ambient sounds of everyday life can qualify as music—just like the pitches emitted by musical instruments in a concert hall. By framing the experience in a conventional way, such as designating movements and a duration for the piece, Cage invites the 4’33” listener to tune in to the music around him, even to examine his own definition of silence. 4’33” continues to be a polarizing work and has evoked strong reactions from both audiences and critics. Many critics scoff at 4’33” as a musical composition, citing the lack of musical pitches as proof that it is not actually music. Others, however, view Cage as a courageous visionary who questioned the conventions of the concert hall and of the nature of music itself.
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Reading Elements: Elements: High High School School Bell Bell Ringers Ringers Sample ASPIRE
Summarize Key Ideas & Details, Part 1 Exercise 2 1.
As presented in the passage, the response that Cage’s mother had to 4’33” can best be described as: A. a harsh criticism of the piece. B. a statement of frustration at the avant-garde quality of Cage’s works. C. an expression that reflects how the general public perceived the piece. D. a way of encouraging Cage to keep composing.
2.
According to Zen Buddhism as it is presented in the passage, art and beauty should be celebrated: F. in the experiences of everyday life, since art and beauty surround us. G. in a setting removed from everyday life, such as an art gallery or a concert hall. H. in a matter that is best fitted to each individual viewer or listener. J. with formal recognition of those who excel within their artistic genre.
3.
What does the passage indicate is the reason why some audience members responded with shock and anger at the premiere of 4’33”? A. They had paid money to hear a famous pianist perform nothing. B. Some audience members talked during the concert and others left. C. They were uncomfortable with listening to ambient sound. D. They felt that the composer was arrogant and was mocking them.
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Elements: HighBell School Bell Ringers ASPIREReading Elements: High School Ringers Sample
Summarize Key Ideas & Details, Part 1 Exercise 3 1.
As portrayed in the passage, the results of Cage’s visit to the anechoic chamber were: A. unsurprising and confirming. B. shocking yet hopeful. C. surprising yet illuminating. D. insignificant and obvious.
2.
As described in the passage, 4’33” is a composition that calls for the performer to: F. utilize an array of technical skills. G. interface with other performers to achieve the desired effect. H. refrain from performing a single note of music. J. involve the audience in a creative way.
3.
According to the passage, all of the following occurred at the premiere performance of 4’33” EXCEPT: A. the pianist sat at the piano for four minutes and thirty-three seconds. B. the audience displayed an overwhelming approval for the piece. C. the pianist took a bow at the end of the piece. D. the pianist never played any music.
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Reading ASPIRE Elements: High School Bell Ringers Sample
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Summarize Key Ideas & Details, Part 1 Exercise 4 1.
Select the three statements that were true of Cage’s developing philosophy of music before he conceived the idea for 4’33”.
Cage cared little about public opinion. Cage was interested in the element of silence. Cage questioned the idea that music must consist of certain sounds emitted by certain instruments in a certain setting. Cage preferred the sounds of certain instruments over others. Cage was influenced by certain elements of Zen Buddhism. Cage was interested in using different types of ensembles to perform the same piece of music.
2.
According to the passage, why did Cage visit the anechoic chamber in 1951? F. He was interested in the element of silence in music and in everyday life. G. He wanted to test his concept for 4’33 “in a completely silent room.” H. He was curious about the sounds of his blood circulation and central nervous system. J. He wanted to talk to a knowledgeable sound engineer about a fascinating phenomenon.
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ASPIREReading Elements: High School Ringers Sample Elements: High Bell School Bell Ringers
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Summarize Key Ideas & Details, Part 1 Exercise 5 Write a paragraph (5-7 sentences) summarizing your favorite book. Be sure to only include the most important details and be ready to explain to your teacher why those details were included and others were not.
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Reading Answer Key
Reading Elements: HighHigh School Bell Bell Ringers Teacher Manual ASPIRE Elements: School Ringers Sample
Summarize Key Ideas and Details, Part 1 Exercise 1 (pg. 49) Give students 3 minutes to read the passage individually. When everyone is finished, lead a brief discussion about the main points of the passage, emphasizing the main idea of the passage as a whole. Exercise 2 (pg. 50) 1. The correct answer is C. Choices A and B are incorrect because the passage indicates that Cage’s mother in general supported his works, and her question is not worded strongly to be considered harshly critical or frustrated. Choice D is incorrect because Cage’s mother did not speak with him about his piece but with a friend. Choice C is correct because the second paragraph indicates that the audience did not like the performance, and the mother’s question in lines 17–18, “Don’t you think John has gone too far this time?” reiterates the perception that 4’33” was too much, even for avant-garde art. 2. The correct answer is F. Choices G and J are incorrect because the passage states that Zen Buddhism celebrates art in everyday life and not in formalized settings like art galleries. Choice H is incorrect because the passage does not mention the celebration of art and beauty on an individual basis. Choice F is correct because lines 44–46 state that Cage was particularly influenced by the idea in Zen Buddhism that art and beauty surround us in everyday life and that everyday experiences should be celebrated as art. 3. The correct answer is D. Choices A and C are incorrect because although they may be true facts, the passage does not state this or give enough evidence to support this claim. Choice B is incorrect because Cage comments on people leaving, but the passage does not indicate that the audience was offended by this. Choice D is correct because lines 13–15 state that the audience felt they had been mocked by an arrogant composer and responded in an uproar of shock and anger. Exercise 3 (pg. 51) 1. The correct answer is C. Choices A and D are incorrect because lines 62–63 state that the visit had a profound impact on Cage, which implies that the visit was not unsurprising or obvious. Choice B is incorrect because the passage does not indicate that Cage was more hopeful after the visit. Choice C is correct because the passage indicates that Cage was surprised by what he experienced and states in lines 65–66, the anechoic chamber proved to him that total silence is nonexistent, which influenced his 4’33” composition. 2. The correct answer is H. Choice F is incorrect because the passage does not mention the use of technical skills. Choice G is incorrect because lines 21–23 state, Cage never specified for what type of ensemble the composition was written, so there do not have to be multiple performers to achieve the desired effect of the piece. Choice J is incorrect because the passage does not mention involving the audience. Choice H is correct because lines 12–13 state that during the performance of 4’33”, the virtuoso pianist had not played a single note of music. 3. The correct answer is B. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because lines 9–13 describe Tudor sitting at the piano, silent and unmoving, for exactly four minutes and thirty-three seconds. Then, he stood and took a bow; the piece was over, and the virtuoso pianist had not played a single note of music. Choice B is correct because the second paragraph does not indicate that the audience approved of the piece, but rather responded in an uproar of shock and anger. Since the question is looking for the exception, the correct answer is the choice that is not supported by the passage.
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Reading Elements: High School Bell Ringers Teacher Manual ASPIRE Elements: High School Bell Ringers Sample Exercise 4 (pg. 52) 1. Cage cared little about public opinion. Cage was interested in the element of silence. Cage questioned the idea that music must consist of certain sounds emitted by certain instruments in a certain setting. Cage preferred the sounds of certain instruments over others.
Cage was influenced by certain elements of Zen Buddhism. Cage was interested in using different types of ensembles to perform the same piece of music.
2. The correct answer is F. Choice G is incorrect because the passage indicates that Cage visited the anechoic chamber prior to conceiving the idea for 4’33”. Choice H is incorrect because the passage describes Cage asking about the sounds he heard in the chamber, suggesting that he was unaware they were related to his circulation and central nervous system. Choice J is incorrect because the passage does not indicate the purpose of his visit was to talk with a sound engineer. Choice F is correct because lines 49–51 state that before he wrote his radical composition, Cage had been cultivating a personal study in the element of silence in both music and everyday life. Exercise 5 (pg. 53) 1. Answers will vary.
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Science Sample
ASPIRE Elements: HighHigh School Bell Bell Ringers Sample Science Elements: School Ringers
4
Set 4 Exercise 1 A team of researchers built a greenhouse with three separate artificially lighted and heated sections. During one of their experiments, the researchers measured and recorded the weekly average light intensity (in arbitrary units) as well as the weekly average air temperature (in °C). The results for the five-week long experiment are provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
Table 1 Weekly average light intensity Week
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
1 2
290.3 307.1
84.9 79.8
120.3 80.7
3
315.2
76.9
76.8
4 5
305.3 312.2
73.9 70.2
69.6 75.1
Table 2 Weekly average air temperature (°C) Week
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
1 2
19.68 20.11
19.08 19.23
18.65 18.48
3
20.75
19.19
18.64
4 5
21.02 21.15
19.51 19.61
18.98 19.12
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ASPIRE Elements: HighHigh School Bell Bell Ringers Sample Science Elements: School Ringers
Set 4 Exercise 2 1.
What was the lowest average weekly temperature recorded during the study? A. 13.74 °C B. 18.48 °C C. 19.68 °C D. 21.15 °C
2.
What was the average light intensity of Section 3 in Week 3 ? F. 69.6 G. 76.8 H. 76.9 J. 80.7
3.
What was the total change in average air temperature from Week 3 to Week 4 in Section 3 ? A. –0.34 °C B. +0.34 °C C. +1.24 °C D. None of the above
air
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ASPIRE Elements: HighHigh School Bell Bell Ringers Sample Science Elements: School Ringers
Set 4 Exercise 3 1.
What was the highest average weekly air temperature recorded during the study? A. 18.48째C B. 19.68째C C. 21.15째C D. 24.91째C
2.
What section experienced the largest overall change in temperature during the study? F. Section 1 G. Section 2 H. Section 3 J. None of the above
3.
What section had the largest fluctuation of average light intensity between Weeks 1 and 2 ? A. Section 1 B. Section 2 C. Section 3 D. None of the above
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ASPIRE Elements: HighHigh School Bell Bell Ringers Sample Science Elements: School Ringers
4
Set 4 Exercise 4 1.
In Section 1 of the greenhouse, as the weeks increased, did the weekly average air temperature increase, decrease, or stay the same? Explain your answer using numbers from the table.
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ASPIRE Elements: HighHigh School Bell Bell Ringers Sample Science Elements: School Ringers
4
Set 4 Exercise 4 2.
A student claims that if all three sections are tested for weekly average air temperature for a 6 th week, Section 1 would likely have an average air temperature of 18.25°C. Based on the data in Table 2, explain why the student’s claim is UNLIKELY. As part of your explanation, give your prediction of the weekly average air temperature in Section 1 at Week 6.
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ASPIRE Elements: HighHigh School Bell Bell Ringers Sample Science Elements: School Ringers
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Set 4 Exercise 5 1.
Imagine you are tasked with expanding upon this experiment. Write a paragraph describing what you would add to the experimental procedures or what new elements you would introduce. What would you hope to learn from the results of your addition?
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Science Answer Key
Science Elements: High School Bell Ringers Teacher Manual ASPIRE Elements: High School Bell Ringers Sample
Set 4 Exercise 1 (pg. 24) Give students 1 minute to review the passage. When everyone is finished, lead a brief discussion about the figures in the passage, emphasizing any variables or trends. Exercise 2 (pg. 25) 1. The correct answer is B. Find the lowest value in Table 2. This appears in row Week 2 and column Section 3. The lowest average weekly air temperature recorded during the study is 18.48°C.
2. The correct answer is G. The value in the Week 3 row of the Section 3 column in Table 1 is 76.8. 3. The correct answer is B. Find the temeprature values for Section 3 during Week 3 and Week 4 on Table 2. Then, find their difference. 18.98 – 18.64 = 0.34°C. The temperature increased from Week 3 to Week 4 so the change should be positive.
Exercise 3 (pg. 26) 1. The correct answer is C. Find the highest value in Table 2. This appears in row Week 5 and column Section 1. The highest average weekly air temperature recorded during the study is 21.15°C. 2. The correct answer is F. Find the highest and lowest value for each section in Table 2. Then, find the difference of these values for each section and determine which section has the greatest difference. The difference between the first and last temperatures in the Section 1 column on Table 2 is 1.47 °C, which is a larger change than the other sections. 3. The correct answer is C. Find the difference between the light intensity values at Week 1 and Week 2 for all three sections. In Table 1, Week 1 in the Section 3 column is 120.3. Week 2 in this column is 80.7. The difference is 39.6. This is a much larger fluctuation than the other two sections.
Exercise 4 (pg. 27) 1. The weekly average air temperature increased as the weeks increased. In Week 1, the temperature was 19.68°C. By Week 3 it had increased to 20.75°C, and by the last week recorded, Week 5, the temperature was even higher, 21.15°C. 2. The trend in the air temperature of Section 1 is to increase as the weeks increase. Based on this trend and since Week 5 has a temperature of 21.15°C, it is likely that the temperature at Week 6 would be greater than 21.15°C. The temperature the student claims will happen at Week 6, 18.25°C, is less than the temperature at Week 1. It does not match the trend of the data and, therefore, is less likely than a temperature above 21.15°C. A more likely prediction would be a temperature slightly above 21.15°C such as 21.25°C. Exercise 5 (pg. 29) 1. Answers will vary.
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