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DECEMBER 2021
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STATSMAG IS BACK FOR our final volume!
TABLE OF CONTENTS Moderation - Definition
- Conceptual Form - Statistics Form Mediation
- Definition
- Conceptual Form - Statistics Form Path Analysis - Definition - Model
Factor Analysis - Definition - Model
MODERATION
A moderator is a third variable that influences the strength or direction of a relationship between two variables.
CONCEPTUAL FORM OF MODERATION Moderator M
Predictor X
Dependent Y
Situation 1 : The variable X predicts variable Y, but only in the presence of Moderator M Situation 2 : The variable X is normally a predictor of Y, but becomes and insignificant predictor in the presence in the presence of Moderator M.
STATISTICAL FORM OF MODERATION Moderator M
Predictor X
Dependent Y
(Moderator M) * (Predictor X) The presence of Moderation is confirmed by a statistically significant p-value for the interaction between Moderator and Predictor
MODERATION Why is it done ? - It is done on variables that have already been established to be in a predictive relationship - It allows for revisiting of established theory in a new context
MEDIATION A mediator is a third variable that serves as the pathway of a predictive relationship between two variables. X predicts the mediator, which then predicts Y
CONCEPTUAL FORM OF MEDIATION
Mediator N Predictor X
Dependent Y
Situation 1 : The variable X predicts variable Y, both directly and via Mediator N Situation 2 : The variable x predicts variable Y, only via Mediator N
STATISTICAL FORM OF MEDIATION Indirect effect (a*b)
ath
th a p
bp
a
Mediator N
Predictor X
c' path Direct effect
Dependent Y
c path [ (a*b) + c'] Total effect
Mediation is simply running many simple linear regressions, one for each path. then, comparing the magnitude of the regression each path in a ratio. if a*b is significant(indirect effect), mediation has occured
MEDIATION Why is it done? - Mediation provides additional information to the elements of a process - It adds nuance and detail to an already established relationship
MULTIPLE moderation Moderator M
Predictor X
Moderator P
Dependent Y
Multiple variables moderate the prediction of X on Y
MULTIPLE MEDIATION Mediator N
Mediator O
Predictor X
Dependent Y
Multiple mediators provide indirect pathways between X and Y
moderated mediation Moderator M
Mediator N
Predictor X
Dependent Y
A variable M moderates one of the indirect pathways of a mediation between X and Y
mediated moderation Mediator N Moderator M
Predictor X
Dependent Y
Predictor X also predicts a mediator N, which then predicts a moderator M between X and Y
different models
Why do these models exist? - We are creating complex models of behavior - We see a complete picture of the web of interactions in a psychological system
path analysis It is an extension of multiple regression to a larger "web" of variables. Each arrow represents a simple linear regression, with a p-value. Just like a multiple regression it also have overall model has both r-squared and Goodness of fit.
path analysis
A B C
D X
Y
Insignificant arrows can be deleted from the model. Predictors can also be correlated with each other to see their Pearson's R value within the diagram
path analysis Why to choose it? - It allows psychologists to test advanced hypotheses and connections - Psychologists can fully understand how multiple psychological concepts interact in sequences - It shows us the 'flow'
FACTOR ANALYSIS It looks at the overlap of multiple factors to see if they have a common dimension. The extent of each factor's impact per dimension is described by its factor loading
FACTOR ANALYSIS
A B
Dimension W
C
FACTOR ANALYSIS Two types : - Exploratory : the researches has no working model year. - Confirmatory : the researches has a theoretical model of what dimensions to expect
FACTOR ANALYSIS Why choose it? - To extract the dimensions within a psychological scale. - It can be done in both standard SPSS, or graphically via SPSS AMOS
SEM Structural Equation Modeling. combining both factor and path analysis in a single model. It allows multiple items/measure to look at a variable in the path analysis. 'Pinnacle' of psychological statistics
HAVE YOU learned a lot?
STATSMAG IS in it's final volume and we hope you learned a lot
Editor's Page Get to know more about the Editor - in - Chief of STATSMAG
I am a 2nd year college student who is pursuing Bs - Psychology as my pre - med course. Someday I want to be a Pediatrician because of my love for kids. My friends call me the 'mother' of the group because I always care for them and help them if there is a chance. My friends also call me workaholic because I never know when to stop doing academics and org works. I can't deny that I'm a workaholic because it is really true. Despite being a workaholic, I still find time to rest and to catch up with my personal life. My love for Kpop makes me sane and makes me happy. Watching Kpop contents or just listening to their music makes me relax. The groups that I do love are EXO, WayV and NCT. So the next time you see me or ask me what makes me happy, I'll only answer you "Kpop" or "Kpop merchs".
MARTHA ANGELA S. AMON Editor-in-Chief
STATSMAG
Editor's Note If you're already at this page, I congratulate you for finishing my magazine. I hope you enjoyed my magazine! I hope you also learned a lot from it. I may not be a professional when it comes to Statistics but I do really hope that somehow this magazine helped you even in the smallest way. Thank you for your endless support for me and my magazine! I learned a lot from making this magazine and I dedicated my time in finishing this so Thank you so much for being with me in this learning process. Stay safe always and Have a great day!