Solution manual for statistics data analysis and decision modeling 5 e 5th edition james r evans by marilyn.roundtree366

Solution Manual for Statistics, Data Analysis, and Decision Modeling, 5/E 5th Edition James R. Evans

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Chapter 7 Forecasting

Basic Concepts Review Questions

1. Explain the differences between qualitative and judgmental, statistical time-series, and explanatory/causal forecasting models.

Answer: Qualitative and Judgmental models - set of techniques, such as Delphi model, that rely on expertise, experience and intuition. These they are necessary when historical data are not available or when the decision maker needs to forecast far into the future. Statistical-time series models - applicable for short-range forecasting problems. These models assume that whatever forces have influenced sales in the recent past will continue into the near future. Time series forecasts are developed by extrapolating these data into the future. Explanatory/causal models - seek to identify factors that explain statistically the patterns observed in the variable being forecast, usually with regression analysis. Main differences include long term nature of some judgmental models vs. short term nature of time series models, as well as exploratory/causal models including factors other than time when trying to explain the changes in the dependent variable.

2. Describe some common forecasting approaches for judgmental forecasting.

Answer: There are two judgmental forecasting approaches discussed in the chapter: historical analogy and Delphi method. Historical analogy - a forecast is obtained through a comparative analysis with a previous situation, with careful attention being paid to the changing business environment in which the forecast is being made. Delphi method - uses a panel of experts, whose identities are typically kept confidential from one another, to respond to a sequence of questionnaires. After each round of responses, individual opinions, edited to ensure anonymity, are shared, allowing each to see what the other experts think. Seeing other experts’ opinions helps to reinforce those in agreement and to influence those who did not agree to possibly consider other factors. In the next round, the experts revise their estimates, and the process is repeated, usually for no more than two or three rounds. Delphi method promotes unbiased exchanges of ideas and discussion and usually results in some convergence of opinion.

07-01

3. How are indicators and indexes used in judgmental forecasting?

Answer:

Indicators - are measures that are believed to influence the behavior of a variable we wish to forecast. By monitoring changes in indicators, we expect to gain insight about the future behavior of the variable to help forecast the future. The type of indicators typically used to forecast near-term economic conditions are called leading indicators. Leading indicators - series that tend to rise and fall some predictable length of time prior to the peaks and valleys of the forecasted variable, such as GDP. On the other hand, lagging indicators, such as Consumer Price Index (CPI), tend to have peaks and valleys that follow those of the GDP. The GDP can be used to predict future trends in these indicators.

Index - the appropriately weighted combination of indicators, showing the overall expectation about the future. Indexes, such as DJIA, do not provide a complete forecast, but rather a better picture of direction of change, and thus play an important role in judgmental forecasting.

4. What are the primary components of time series?

Answer: The primary components of time series are: trend - a gradual shift in the value of the time series; seasonal effects - short term up and down movements; cyclical effects - long term up and down movements following business cycles.

5. Summarize statistical methods used in forecasting and the types of time series to which they are most appropriate.

Answer: The most popular statistical forecasting methods are: moving average methods, exponential smoothing, and regression analysis. Moving average and exponential smoothing models work best for stationary time series, those without trends and seasonal effects, and use time as the only independent variable. Double moving average and exponential smoothing models, seasonal additive and multiplicative models, and Holt–Winters additive and multiplicative models are used with non-stationary time series, but still use the time as the only independent variable. Regression models - used to relate time series data to a set of variables assumed to influence the data, other than just time.

6. Explain how a simple moving average is calculated.

Answer: Simple moving average forecast for the next period is computed as the average of the most recent k observations, where k should be selected to balance out the emphasis on older vs. newer data.

07-02

7. List and define the three principal ways of measuring forecast accuracy. What are the key differences among them?

Answer:

Mean absolute deviation (MAD) - is the absolute difference between the actual value and the forecast, averaged over a range of forecasted values. It is an accurate and robust measure of forecast accuracy, and not sensitive to outliers. Penalizes all the deviations consistently (linearly).

Mean square error (MSE) - is the squared difference between the actual value and the forecast, averaged over forecasted values. Penalizes outliers disproportionally more (quadratically), and is thus more sensitive to extreme outliers.

Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) - is the average of absolute errors divided by actual observation values. Since the deviations are divided by actual observations, this measure is unitless and relative, whereas, the previous two depend on the units of observations and are absolute in that sense.

8. Explain the differences between moving average and exponential smoothing models.

Answer: Exponential smoothing - next period forecast equals the weighted combination of the previous period forecast and the actual observation. Alternatively it can be expressed as the previous period forecast plus the fraction of the forecasted error. Either way, by continually substituting the previous forecasts, all the way to the beginning of time horizon, we get that the exponential smoothing forecast is just a weighted moving average, where weights exponentially diminish the further back into the past we go. In other words, older observations get much less emphasis then the newer ones.

9. What types of forecasting models are best for time series with trends and/or seasonality?

Answer: Non-stationary time series with linear trend only - double moving average and double exponential smoothing are the most appropriate, where "double" comes from the fact that both the level and slope (change) are incorporated into the forecasts. Nonstationary time series with seasonality only - additive and multiplicative models are the most appropriate, where additive models add the seasonal effect to the base level of the forecast, and multiplicative models multiply the two. Non-stationary time series with both trend and seasonality - additive and multiplicative Holt-Winters models incorporating the all three aspects of a time series - level, slope (change) and seasonality are the most appropriate.

10. What are autoregressive models, and when should they be used?

Answer: Autoregressive forecasting model - it incorporates correlations between consecutive values in a time series. A first order autocorrelation refers to the correlation among data values one period apart, a second order autocorrelation refers to the correlation among data values two periods apart, and so on. Autoregressive models improve forecasting when autocorrelation is present in data.

07-03

11. How are dummy variables used in regression forecasting models with seasonality?

Answer: Dummy variables are defined as 1 for the data from a particular time period, and 0 for all other time periods. Depending on the number of time periods, the number of required dummy variables is the same minus one.

12. What is a causal variable in forecasting? Provide an example from your experience of some applications where causal variables might be used in a forecast.

Answer: Causal variable - the factor that influences the changes in the dependent variable we are trying to forecast. Rainfall, throughout the month, or over several months, is a causal variable in regression model designed to forecast outdoor water consumption.

13. What are the advantages of using CB Predictor for forecasting?

Answer: CB Predictor is an Excel add-in that has all the forecasting models, as well as error calculations, all in one place and easy to use.

14. Summarize some of the practical issues in using forecasting tools and approaches.

Answer: It is imperative that all the statistical forecast are subject to managerial judgment. Quantitative forecasts cannot substitute for qualitative factors such as sales promotions, ethics, government instability, new product introductions, large one-time orders, and stability concerns over a particular country’s currency. Each of these factors and many more need to be taken into consideration as well, so that the decision in not only made quantitatively.

07-04

Problems and Applications

1. The Excel file Closing Stock Prices provides data for four stocks over a one-month period.

a. Develop spreadsheet models for forecasting each of the stock prices using single moving average and single exponential smoothing.

b. Using MAD, MSE, and MAPE as guidance, find the best number of moving average periods and best smoothing constant for exponential smoothing.

Answer: Closing Stock Prices Actual Data Date IBM INTC CSCO GE DJ Industrials 03-09-2010 127.58 18.43 21.04 15.392 10447.93 07-09-2010 125.95 18.12 20.58 15.44 10340.69 08-09-2010 126.08 17.9 20.64 15.7 10387.01 09-09-2010 126.36 18 20.61 15.91 10415.24 10-09-2010 127.99 17.97 20.62 15.98 10462.77 13-09-2010 129.61 18.557 21.26 16.25 10544.13 14-09-2010 128.85 18.74 21.45 16.16 10526.49 15-09-2010 129.43 18.72 21.59 16.34 10572.73 16-09-2010 129.67 18.97 21.93 16.23 10594.83 17-09-2010 130.19 18.81 21.863 16.29 10607.85 20-09-2010 131.79 18.93 21.75 16.55 10753.62 21-09-2010 131.98 19.14 21.64 16.52 10761.03 22-09-2010 132.57 19.01 21.67 16.5 10739.31 23-09-2010 131.67 18.98 21.53 16.14 10662.42 24-09-2010 134.11 19.423 22.09 16.66 10860.26 27-09-2010 134.65 19.235 22.11 16.43 10812.04 28-09-2010 134.89 19.505 21.863 16.44 10858.14 29-09-2010 135.48 19.24 21.87 16.36 10835.28 30-09-2010 134.14 19.2 21.9 16.25 10788.05 01-10-2010 135.64 19.32 21.91 16.36 10829.68 07-05

Single moving average: Forecast Model using 3 period moving average

Education,

Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall.

Date IBM INTC CSCO GE DJ Industrials 03-09-2010 07-09-2010 08-09-2010 09-09-2010 126.54 18.15 20.75 15.51 10391.88 10-09-2010 126.13 18.01 20.61 15.68 10380.98 13-09-2010 126.81 17.96 20.62 15.86 10421.67 14-09-2010 127.99 18.18 20.83 16.05 10474.05 15-09-2010 128.82 18.42 21.11 16.13 10511.13 16-09-2010 129.30 18.67 21.43 16.25 10547.78 17-09-2010 129.32 18.81 21.66 16.24 10564.68 20-09-2010 129.76 18.83 21.79 16.29 10591.80 21-09-2010 130.55 18.90 21.85 16.36 10652.10 22-09-2010 131.32 18.96 21.75 16.45 10707.50 23-09-2010 132.11 19.03 21.69 16.52 10751.32 24-09-2010 132.07 19.04 21.61 16.39 10720.92 27-09-2010 132.78 19.14 21.76 16.43 10754.00 28-09-2010 133.48 19.21 21.91 16.41 10778.24 29-09-2010 134.55 19.39 22.02 16.51 10843.48 30-09-2010 135.01 19.33 21.95 16.41 10835.15 01-10-2010 134.84 19.32 21.88 16.35 10827.16 Next period 04-10-2010 135.09 19.25 21.89 16.32 10817.67 07-06

Single exponential smoothing:

Cisco 3 period

Forecast model using exponential smoothing

alpha = 0.3

IBM INTC CSCO GE DJ Industrials 03-09-2010 127.58 18.43 21.04 15.392 10447.93 07-09-2010 127.58 18.43 21.04 15.39 10447.93 08-09-2010 127.09 18.34 20.90 15.41 10415.76 09-09-2010 126.79 18.21 20.82 15.49 10407.13 10-09-2010 126.66 18.14 20.76 15.62 10409.57 13-09-2010 127.06 18.09 20.72 15.73 10425.53 14-09-2010 127.82 18.23 20.88 15.88 10461.11 15-09-2010 128.13 18.38 21.05 15.97 10480.72 16-09-2010 128.52 18.48 21.21 16.08 10508.32 17-09-2010 128.87 18.63 21.43 16.12 10534.28 20-09-2010 129.26 18.68 21.56 16.17 10556.35 21-09-2010 130.02 18.76 21.62 16.29 10615.53 22-09-2010 130.61 18.87 21.62 16.36 10659.18 23-09-2010 131.20 18.91 21.64 16.40 10683.22 24-09-2010 131.34 18.93 21.61 16.32 10676.98 27-09-2010 132.17 19.08 21.75 16.42 10731.96 28-09-2010 132.91 19.13 21.86 16.43 10755.99 29-09-2010 133.51 19.24 21.86 16.43 10786.63 30-09-2010 134.10 19.24 21.86 16.41 10801.23 01-10-2010 134.11 19.23 21.87 16.36 10797.27 Next period 04-10-2010 134.57 19.26 21.88 16.36 10807.00

b. Best models for each company:

Forecasting 3 period moving average Input Data Forecast Error Analysis Period Actual Value Forecast Error Absolute error Squared error Absolute % error Period 1 10447.93 Period 2 10340.69 Period 3 10387.01 Period 4 10415.24 10391.877 23.363 23.363 545.845 0.22% Period 5 10462.77 10380.980 81.790 81.790 6689.604 0.78% Period 6 10544.13 10421.673 122.457 122.457 14995.635 1.16% Period 7 10526.49 10474.047 52.443 52.443 2750.303 0.50% Period 8 10572.73 10511.130 61.600 61.600 3794.560 0.58% Period 9 10594.83 10547.783 47.047 47.047 2213.389 0.44% Period 10 10607.85 10564.683 43.167 43.167 1863.361 0.41% Period 11 10753.62 10591.803 161.817 161.817 26184.634 1.50% Period 12 10761.03 10652.100 108.930 108.930 11865.745 1.01% Period 13 10739.31 10707.500 31.810 31.810 1011.876 0.30% Period 14 10662.42 10751.320 -88.900 88.900 7903.210 0.83% Period 15 10860.26 10720.920 139.340 139.340 19415.636 1.28% Period 16 10812.04 10753.997 58.043 58.043 3369.029 0.54% 07-07

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall. Period 17 10858.14 10778.240 79.900 79.900 6384.010 0.74% Period 18 10835.28 10843.480 -8.200 8.200 67.240 0.08% Period 19 10788.05 10835.153 -47.103 47.103 2218.724 0.44% Period 20 10829.68 10827.157 2.523 2.523 6.367 0.02% Average 68.143 6545.833 0.64% Next period 10817.670 MAD MSE MAPE

average Forecasting 2 period moving average Input Data Forecast Error Analysis Period Actual Value Forecast Error Absolute error Squared error Absolute % error Period 1 18.43 Period 2 18.12 Period 3 17.9 18.275 -0.375 0.375 0.141 2.09% Period 4 18 18.010 -0.010 0.010 0.000 0.06% Period 5 17.97 17.950 0.020 0.020 0.000 0.11% Period 6 18.557 17.985 0.572 0.572 0.327 3.08% Period 7 18.74 18.264 0.476 0.476 0.227 2.54% Period 8 18.72 18.649 0.072 0.072 0.005 0.38% Period 9 18.97 18.730 0.240 0.240 0.058 1.27% Period 10 18.81 18.845 -0.035 0.035 0.001 0.19% Period 11 18.93 18.890 0.040 0.040 0.002 0.21% Period 12 19.14 18.870 0.270 0.270 0.073 1.41% Period 13 19.01 19.035 -0.025 0.025 0.001 0.13% Period 14 18.98 19.075 -0.095 0.095 0.009 0.50% Period 15 19.423 18.995 0.428 0.428 0.183 2.20% Period 16 19.235 19.202 0.034 0.034 0.001 0.17% Period 17 19.505 19.329 0.176 0.176 0.031 0.90% Period 18 19.24 19.370 -0.130 0.130 0.017 0.68% Period 19 19.2 19.373 -0.172 0.172 0.030 0.90% Period 20 19.32 19.220 0.100 0.100 0.010 0.52% Average 0.18167 0.06197 0.964% Next period 19.260 MAD MSE MAPE 07-08

Intel moving

Cisco moving average

Forecasting 2 period moving average Input Data Forecast Error Analysis Period Actual Value Forecast Error Absolute error Squared error Absolute % error Period 1 21.04 Period 2 20.58 Period 3 20.64 20.810 -0.170 0.170 0.029 0.82% Period 4 20.61 20.610 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00% Period 5 20.62 20.625 -0.005 0.005 0.000 0.02% Period 6 21.26 20.615 0.645 0.645 0.416 3.03% Period 7 21.45 20.940 0.510 0.510 0.260 2.38% Period 8 21.59 21.355 0.235 0.235 0.055 1.09% Period 9 21.93 21.520 0.410 0.410 0.168 1.87% Period 10 21.863 21.760 0.103 0.103 0.011 0.47% Period 11 21.75 21.897 -0.147 0.147 0.021 0.67% Period 12 21.64 21.807 -0.166 0.166 0.028 0.77% Period 13 21.67 21.695 -0.025 0.025 0.001 0.12% Period 14 21.53 21.655 -0.125 0.125 0.016 0.58% Period 15 22.09 21.600 0.490 0.490 0.240 2.22% Period 16 22.11 21.810 0.300 0.300 0.090 1.36% Period 17 21.863 22.100 -0.237 0.237 0.056 1.08% Period 18 21.87 21.987 -0.116 0.116 0.014 0.53% Period 19 21.9 21.867 0.033 0.033 0.001 0.15% Period 20 21.91 21.885 0.025 0.025 0.001 0.11% Average 0.20794 0.07811 0.96% Next period 21.905 MAD MSE MAPE 07-09

GE moving average

Forecasting 2 period moving average

Education,

Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall.

Input Data Forecast Error Analysis Period Actual Value Forecast Error Absolute error Squared error Absolute % error Period 1 15.392 Period 2 15.44 Period 3 15.7 15.416 0.284 0.284 0.081 1.81% Period 4 15.91 15.570 0.340 0.340 0.116 2.14% Period 5 15.98 15.805 0.175 0.175 0.031 1.10% Period 6 16.25 15.945 0.305 0.305 0.093 1.88% Period 7 16.16 16.115 0.045 0.045 0.002 0.28% Period 8 16.34 16.205 0.135 0.135 0.018 0.83% Period 9 16.23 16.250 -0.020 0.020 0.000 0.12% Period 10 16.29 16.285 0.005 0.005 0.000 0.03% Period 11 16.55 16.260 0.290 0.290 0.084 1.75% Period 12 16.52 16.420 0.100 0.100 0.010 0.61% Period 13 16.5 16.535 -0.035 0.035 0.001 0.21% Period 14 16.14 16.510 -0.370 0.370 0.137 2.29% Period 15 16.66 16.320 0.340 0.340 0.116 2.04% Period 16 16.43 16.400 0.030 0.030 0.001 0.18% Period 17 16.44 16.545 -0.105 0.105 0.011 0.64% Period 18 16.36 16.435 -0.075 0.075 0.006 0.46% Period 19 16.25 16.400 -0.150 0.150 0.022 0.92% Period 20 16.36 16.305 0.055 0.055 0.003 0.34% Average 0.15883 0.04064 0.98% Next period 16.305 MAD MSE MAPE 07-10

DJI moving average

Forecasti ng 2 period moving average Input Data Forecast Error Analysis Period Actual Value Forecast Error Absolute error Squared error Absolut e % error Period 1 10447.9 3 Period 2 10340.6 9 Period 3 10387.0 1 10394.310 -7.300 7.300 53.290 0.07% Period 4 10415.2 4 10363.850 51.390 51.390 2640.932 0.49% Period 5 10462.7 7 10401.125 61.645 61.645 3800.106 0.59% Period 6 10544.1 3 10439.005 105.125 105.125 11051.266 1.00% Period 7 10526.4 9 10503.450 23.040 23.040 530.842 0.22% Period 8 10572.7 3 10535.310 37.420 37.420 1400.256 0.35% Period 9 10594.8 3 10549.610 45.220 45.220 2044.848 0.43% Period 10 10607.8 5 10583.780 24.070 24.070 579.365 0.23% Period 11 10753.6 2 10601.340 152.280 152.280 23189.198 1.42% Period 12 10761.0 3 10680.735 80.295 80.295 6447.287 0.75% Period 13 10739.3 1 10757.325 -18.015 18.015 324.540 0.17% Period 14 10662.4 2 10750.170 -87.750 87.750 7700.063 0.82% Period 15 10860.2 6 10700.865 159.395 159.395 25406.766 1.47% Period 16 10812.0 4 10761.340 50.700 50.700 2570.490 0.47% Period 17 10858.1 4 10836.150 21.990 21.990 483.560 0.20% Period 18 10835.2 8 10835.090 0.190 0.190 0.036 0.00% Period 19 10788.0 5 10846.710 -58.660 58.660 3440.996 0.54% Period 20 10829.6 8 10811.665 18.015 18.015 324.540 0.17% Average 55.69444 5110.4656 3 0.52% Next period 10808.86 5 MAD MSE MAPE 07-11

b. Best models for each company: Exponential smoothing

Education,

Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall.

Forecastin g Exponential smoothing Ideal alpha for IBM forecast = 1.00 Input Data Forecast Error Analysis Period Actual value Forecast Error Absolute error Squared error Absolut e % error Period 1 127.58 127.580 Period 2 125.95 127.580 -1.630 1.630 2.657 1.29% Period 3 126.08 125.950 0.130 0.130 0.017 0.10% Period 4 126.36 126.080 0.280 0.280 0.078 0.22% Period 5 127.99 126.360 1.630 1.630 2.657 1.27% Period 6 129.61 127.990 1.620 1.620 2.624 1.25% Period 7 128.85 129.610 -0.760 0.760 0.578 0.59% Period 8 129.43 128.850 0.580 0.580 0.336 0.45% Period 9 129.67 129.430 0.240 0.240 0.058 0.19% Period 10 130.19 129.670 0.520 0.520 0.270 0.40% Period 11 131.79 130.190 1.600 1.600 2.560 1.21% Period 12 131.98 131.790 0.190 0.190 0.036 0.14% Period 13 132.57 131.980 0.590 0.590 0.348 0.45% Period 14 131.67 132.570 -0.900 0.900 0.810 0.68% Period 15 134.11 131.670 2.440 2.440 5.954 1.82% Period 16 134.65 134.110 0.540 0.540 0.292 0.40% Period 17 134.89 134.650 0.240 0.240 0.058 0.18% Period 18 135.48 134.890 0.590 0.590 0.348 0.44% Period 19 134.14 135.480 -1.340 1.340 1.796 1.00% Period 20 135.64 134.140 1.500 1.500 2.250 1.11% Average 0.912 1.249 0.69% Alpha 1 MAD MSE MAPE Next period 135.64 07-12

Intel exponential smoothing

Forecasting Exponential smoothing Ideal alpha for Intel forecast = .77 Input Data Forecast Error Analysis Period Actual value Forecast Error Absolute error Squared error Absolute % error Period 1 18.43 18.430 Period 2 18.12 18.430 -0.310 0.310 0.096 1.71% Period 3 17.9 18.191 -0.291 0.291 0.085 1.62% Period 4 18 17.966 0.034 0.034 0.001 0.19% Period 5 17.97 17.992 -0.022 0.022 0.000 0.12% Period 6 18.557 17.975 0.582 0.582 0.339 3.14% Period 7 18.74 18.424 0.316 0.316 0.100 1.69% Period 8 18.72 18.668 0.052 0.052 0.003 0.28% Period 9 18.97 18.708 0.262 0.262 0.069 1.38% Period 10 18.81 18.910 -0.100 0.100 0.010 0.53% Period 11 18.93 18.833 0.097 0.097 0.009 0.51% Period 12 19.14 18.908 0.232 0.232 0.054 1.21% Period 13 19.01 19.087 -0.077 0.077 0.006 0.41% Period 14 18.98 19.028 -0.048 0.048 0.002 0.25% Period 15 19.423 18.991 0.432 0.432 0.187 2.22% Period 16 19.235 19.324 -0.089 0.089 0.008 0.46% Period 17 19.505 19.255 0.250 0.250 0.062 1.28% Period 18 19.24 19.448 -0.208 0.208 0.043 1.08% Period 19 19.2 19.287 -0.087 0.087 0.008 0.46% Period 20 19.32 19.220 0.100 0.100 0.010 0.52% Average 0.189 0.057 1.00% Alpha 0.77176133 MAD MSE MAPE Next period 19.297 07-13

CISCO exponential smoothing

Forecasting Exponential smoothing Ideal alpha for Cisco forecast = 1 Input Data Forecast Error Analysis Period Actual value Forecast Error Absolute error Squared error Absolute % error Period 1 21.04 21.040 Period 2 20.58 21.040 -0.460 0.460 0.212 2.24% Period 3 20.64 20.580 0.060 0.060 0.004 0.29% Period 4 20.61 20.640 -0.030 0.030 0.001 0.15% Period 5 20.62 20.610 0.010 0.010 0.000 0.05% Period 6 21.26 20.620 0.640 0.640 0.410 3.01% Period 7 21.45 21.260 0.190 0.190 0.036 0.89% Period 8 21.59 21.450 0.140 0.140 0.020 0.65% Period 9 21.93 21.590 0.340 0.340 0.116 1.55% Period 10 21.863 21.930 -0.067 0.067 0.004 0.31% Period 11 21.75 21.863 -0.113 0.113 0.013 0.52% Period 12 21.64 21.750 -0.110 0.110 0.012 0.51% Period 13 21.67 21.640 0.030 0.030 0.001 0.14% Period 14 21.53 21.670 -0.140 0.140 0.020 0.65% Period 15 22.09 21.530 0.560 0.560 0.314 2.54% Period 16 22.11 22.090 0.020 0.020 0.000 0.09% Period 17 21.863 22.110 -0.247 0.247 0.061 1.13% Period 18 21.87 21.863 0.007 0.007 0.000 0.03% Period 19 21.9 21.870 0.030 0.030 0.001 0.14% Period 20 21.91 21.900 0.010 0.010 0.000 0.05% Average 0.169 0.064 0.78% Alpha 1 MAD MSE MAPE Next period 21.91 07-14

GE exponential smoothing

Pearson Education, Inc. publishing

Prentice Hall.

2013

Forecastin g Exponential smoothing Ideal alpha for GE forecast =.71 Input Data Forecast Error Analysis Period Actual value Forecast Error Absolute error Squared error Absolut e % error Period 1 15.392 15.392 Period 2 15.44 15.392 0.048 0.048 0.002 0.31% Period 3 15.7 15.426 0.274 0.274 0.075 1.74% Period 4 15.91 15.621 0.289 0.289 0.083 1.81% Period 5 15.98 15.827 0.153 0.153 0.023 0.96% Period 6 16.25 15.936 0.314 0.314 0.098 1.93% Period 7 16.16 16.160 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00% Period 8 16.34 16.160 0.180 0.180 0.032 1.10% Period 9 16.23 16.288 -0.058 0.058 0.003 0.36% Period 10 16.29 16.247 0.043 0.043 0.002 0.27% Period 11 16.55 16.278 0.272 0.272 0.074 1.65% Period 12 16.52 16.472 0.048 0.048 0.002 0.29% Period 13 16.5 16.506 -0.006 0.006 0.000 0.04% Period 14 16.14 16.502 -0.362 0.362 0.131 2.24% Period 15 16.66 16.244 0.416 0.416 0.173 2.50% Period 16 16.43 16.541 -0.111 0.111 0.012 0.67% Period 17 16.44 16.462 -0.022 0.022 0.000 0.13% Period 18 16.36 16.446 -0.086 0.086 0.007 0.53% Period 19 16.25 16.385 -0.135 0.135 0.018 0.83% Period 20 16.36 16.289 0.071 0.071 0.005 0.44% Average 0.152 0.039 0.94% Alpha 0.713200 8 MAD MSE MAPE Next period 16.340 07-15

Pearson Education, Inc. publishing

Prentice

Forecastin g Exponential smoothing Input Data Forecast Error Analysis Period Actual value Forecast Error Absolute error Squared error Absolut e % error Period 1 10447.93 10447.930 Period 2 10340.69 10447.930 -107.240 107.240 11500.418 1.04% Period 3 10387.01 10361.313 25.697 25.697 660.322 0.25% Period 4 10415.24 10382.068 33.172 33.172 1100.363 0.32% Period 5 10462.77 10408.861 53.909 53.909 2906.206 0.52% Period 6 10544.13 10452.403 91.727 91.727 8413.890 0.87% Period 7 10526.49 10526.490 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00% Period 8 10572.73 10526.490 46.240 46.240 2138.138 0.44% Period 9 10594.83 10563.838 30.992 30.992 960.528 0.29% Period 10 10607.85 10588.870 18.980 18.980 360.245 0.18% Period 11 10753.62 10604.200 149.420 149.420 22326.354 1.39% Period 12 10761.03 10724.885 36.145 36.145 1306.453 0.34% Period 13 10739.31 10754.079 -14.769 14.769 218.123 0.14% Period 14 10662.42 10742.150 -79.730 79.730 6356.908 0.75% Period 15 10860.26 10677.753 182.507 182.507 33308.850 1.68% Period 16 10812.04 10825.162 -13.122 13.122 172.191 0.12% Period 17 10858.14 10814.564 43.576 43.576 1898.910 0.40% Period 18 10835.28 10849.760 -14.480 14.480 209.665 0.13% Period 19 10788.05 10838.065 -50.015 50.015 2501.461 0.46% Period 20 10829.68 10797.668 32.012 32.012 1024.750 0.30% Average 53.881 5124.409 0.51% Alpha 0.8076905 3 MAD MSE MAPE Next period 10823.523 8 07-16

Hall. DJI exponential smoothing Ideal alpha for DJI forecast =.81

2. Use the data in the Excel file Baseball Attendance to do the following:

a. Develop spreadsheet models for forecasting attendance using single moving average and single exponential smoothing.

b. Using MAD, MSE, and MAPE as guidance, find the best number of moving average periods and best smoothing constant for exponential smoothing.

Answer: 3-year moving average:

Education,

Hall.

Inc. publishing as Prentice

Year Attendance Forecast Error Rel Err 1958 1273 1959 1422 1960 1795 1961 1391 1497 -105.67 7.60% 1962 1593 1536 57.00 3.58% 1963 1571 1593 -22.00 1.40% 1964 1504 1518 -14.33 0.95% 1965 1546 1556 -10.00 0.65% 1966 1657 1540 116.67 7.04% 1967 1242 1569 -327.00 26.33% 1968 1674 1482 192.33 11.49% 1969 1652 1524 127.67 7.73% 1970 1519 1523 -3.67 0.24% 1971 2021 1615 406.00 20.09% 1972 1569 1731 -161.67 10.30% 1973 1835 1703 132.00 7.19% 1974 1366 1808 -442.33 32.38% 1975 1601 1590 11.00 0.69% 1976 1408 1601 -192.67 13.68% 1977 1196 1458 -262.33 21.93% 1978 2267 1402 865.33 38.17% 1979 1624 n= 18 MAD 191.65 MSE 80443 MAPE 11.75% 07-17

Exponential Smoothing: alpha = 0.2

b. Best number of moving average periods:

Year Forecast Error Rel Err 1958 1273 1959 1273 149 10.48% 1960 1303 492 27.42% 1961 1401 -10 0.74% 1962 1399 194 12.17% 1963 1438 133 8.47% 1964 1465 39 2.62% 1965 1472 74 4.76% 1966 1487 170 10.25% 1967 1521 -279 22.47% 1968 1465 209 12.47% 1969 1507 145 8.77% 1970 1536 -17 1.12% 1971 1533 488 24.16% 1972 1630 -61 3.91% 1973 1618 217 11.82% 1974 1661 -295 21.63% 1975 1602 -1 0.08% 1976 1602 -194 13.78% 1977 1563 -367 30.71% 1978 1490 777 34.28% 1979 1645 n= 20 MAD 215.64 MSE 82580 MAPE 13.11%

MAD MSE MAPE # of periods 191.65 80443 11.75% 2 223.50 99582 13.57% 3 191.65 80443 11.75% 4 218.19 91552 13.34% 5 215.95 86272 13.33% 6 220.52 92194 13.63% 7 231.79 89431 14.38% 8 243.23 96198 15.06% 9 241.40 97599 14.89% 10 239.03 97081 14.16% Min 191.65 80443 11.75% 07-18

3-year simple moving average forecast is the one with lowest errors.

Best smoothing constant for exponential smoothing:

Overall, moving average has lower errors.

Education,

Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall.

MAD MSE MAPE alpha 215.64 82580 13.11% 0.1 238.53 89409 14.31% 0.2 215.64 82580 13.11% 0.3 215.35 84904 13.15% 0.4 220.68 89537 13.49% 0.5 228.35 95190 13.95% 0.6 237.46 101666 14.51% 0.7 247.81 109090 15.15% 0.8 259.22 117697 15.85% 0.9 271.99 127772 16.64% Min 215.35 82580 13.11%

smoothing with alpha of 0.2 or 0.3

Exponential

seems to have the lowest errors.

07-19

3. For the data in the Excel file Ohio Prison Population do the following:

a. Develop spreadsheet models for forecasting both male and female populations using single moving average and single exponential smoothing

b. Using MAD, MSE, and MAPE as guidance, find the best number of moving average periods and best smoothing constant for exponential smoothing.

Answer: Best Moving Average: Male

Forecasting 1 period moving average Input Data Forecast Error Analysis Period Male Forecast Error Absolute error Squared error Absolute % error Period 1 8846 Period 2 8049 8846.000 -797.000 797.000 635209.000 9.90% Period 3 7449 8049.000 -600.000 600.000 360000.000 8.05% Period 4 8978 7449.000 1529.000 1529.000 2337841.000 17.03% Period 5 10985 8978.000 2007.000 2007.000 4028049.000 18.27% Period 6 12086 10985.000 1101.000 1101.000 1212201.000 9.11% Period 7 12269 12086.000 183.000 183.000 33489.000 1.49% Period 8 12768 12269.000 499.000 499.000 249001.000 3.91% Period 9 12762 12768.000 -6.000 6.000 36.000 0.05% Period 10 12557 12762.000 -205.000 205.000 42025.000 1.63% Period 11 14071 12557.000 1514.000 1514.000 2292196.000 10.76% Period 12 16272 14071.000 2201.000 2201.000 4844401.000 13.53% Period 13 16795 16272.000 523.000 523.000 273529.000 3.11% Period 14 17382 16795.000 587.000 587.000 344569.000 3.38% Period 15 19416 17382.000 2034.000 2034.000 4137156.000 10.48% Period 16 20981 19416.000 1565.000 1565.000 2449225.000 7.46% Period 17 22659 20981.000 1678.000 1678.000 2815684.000 7.41% Period 18 24373 22659.000 1714.000 1714.000 2937796.000 7.03% Period 19 28346 24373.000 3973.000 3973.000 ############ 14.02% Period 20 29605 28346.000 1259.000 1259.000 1585081.000 4.25% Period 21 33189 29605.000 3584.000 3584.000 ############ 10.80% Period 22 35627 33189.000 2438.000 2438.000 5943844.000 6.84% Period 23 37715 35627.000 2088.000 2088.000 4359744.000 5.54% Period 24 39065 37715.000 1350.000 1350.000 1822500.000 3.46% Period 25 41595 39065.000 2530.000 2530.000 6400900.000 6.08% Period 26 43183 41595.000 1588.000 1588.000 2521744.000 3.68% Period 27 44997 43183.000 1814.000 1814.000 3290596.000 4.03% Period 28 45285 44997.000 288.000 288.000 82944.000 0.64% Period 29 43813 45285.000 -1472.000 1472.000 2166784.000 3.36% Average 1468.821 3064154.607 6.97% Next period 43813.000 MAD MSE MAPE 07-20

Best Moving Average: Female

Forecasting 1 period moving average

Education,

Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall.

Input Data Forecast Error Analysis Period Actual Value Forecast Error Absolute error Squared error Absolute % error Period 1 275 Period 2 271 275.000 -4.000 4.000 16.000 1.48% Period 3 268 271.000 -3.000 3.000 9.000 1.12% Period 4 348 268.000 80.000 80.000 6400.000 22.99% Period 5 436 348.000 88.000 88.000 7744.000 20.18% Period 6 542 436.000 106.000 106.000 11236.000 19.56% Period 7 577 542.000 35.000 35.000 1225.000 6.07% Period 8 582 577.000 5.000 5.000 25.000 0.86% Period 9 598 582.000 16.000 16.000 256.000 2.68% Period 10 581 598.000 -17.000 17.000 289.000 2.93% Period 11 725 581.000 144.000 144.000 20736.000 19.86% Period 12 875 725.000 150.000 150.000 22500.000 17.14% Period 13 971 875.000 96.000 96.000 9216.000 9.89% Period 14 969 971.000 -2.000 2.000 4.000 0.21% Period 15 1123 969.000 154.000 154.000 23716.000 13.71% Period 16 1194 1123.000 71.000 71.000 5041.000 5.95% Period 17 1284 1194.000 90.000 90.000 8100.000 7.01% Period 18 1476 1284.000 192.000 192.000 36864.000 13.01% Period 19 1954 1476.000 478.000 478.000 ######### 24.46% Period 20 1896 1954.000 -58.000 58.000 3364.000 3.06% Period 21 2257 1896.000 361.000 361.000 ######### 15.99% Period 22 2364 2257.000 107.000 107.000 11449.000 4.53% Period 23 2538 2364.000 174.000 174.000 30276.000 6.86% Period 24 2544 2538.000 6.000 6.000 36.000 0.24% Period 25 2743 2544.000 199.000 199.000 39601.000 7.25% Period 26 2779 2743.000 36.000 36.000 1296.000 1.30% Period 27 2811 2779.000 32.000 32.000 1024.000 1.14% Period 28 2886 2811.000 75.000 75.000 5625.000 2.60% Period 29 2806 2886.000 -80.000 80.000 6400.000 2.85% Average 102.107 21830.464 8.39% Next period 2806.000 MAD MSE MAPE 07-21

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall. MAD Male Female 1 1468 103 2 2187 146 3 2872 199 4 3611 253 5 4375 309 6 5148 365 7 5975 425 8 6841 490 9 7772 559 10 8776 634 Min 1468 103 MSE Male Female 1 3064155 21831 2 6257094 35454 3 10767426 59329 4 16738503 90328 5 24063156 129684 6 32842943 175292 7 43475997 230495 8 55998117 296662 9 70618782 373899 10 87411312 463073 Min 3064155 21831 MAPE Male Female 1 6.97% 8.39% 2 9.83% 11.87%

12.17% 15.67% 4

Min 6.97%

07-22

14.85% 18.80% 5 17.16% 21.64% 6 19.38% 24.14% 7 21.75% 26.73%

24.14% 29.48%

26.68% 32.32%

29.45% 35.42%

8.39%

Exponential Smoothing: Male and Female

Choose alpha 0.9 ES Errors Relative Errors for MAPE Male Female Male Female Male Female 8846 275 8846 275 -797 -4 9.90% 1.48% 8129 271 -680 -3 9.12% 1.27% 7517 268 1461 80 16.27% 22.89% 8832 340 2153 96 19.60% 22.01% 10770 426 1316 116 10.89% 21.33% 11954 530 315 47 2.56% 8.07% 12238 572 530 10 4.15% 1.66% 12715 581 47 17 0.37% 2.84% 12757 596 -200 -15 1.60% 2.63% 12577 583 1494 142 10.62% 19.65% 13922 711 2350 164 14.44% 18.77% 16037 859 758 112 4.51% 11.58% 16719 960 663 9 3.81% 0.95% 17316 968 2100 155 10.82% 13.80% 19206 1108 1775 86 8.46% 7.24% 20803 1185 1856 99 8.19% 7.68% 22473 1274 1900 202 7.79% 13.68% 24183 1456 4163 498 14.69% 25.50% 27930 1904 1675 -8 5.66% 0.43% 29437 1897 3752 360 11.30% 15.96% 32814 2221 2813 143 7.90% 6.05% 35346 2350 2369 188 6.28% 7.42% 37478 2519 1587 25 4.06% 0.98% 38906 2542 2689 201 6.46% 7.35% 41326 2723 1857 56 4.30% 2.02% 42997 2773 2000 38 4.44% 1.34% 44797 2807 488 79 1.08% 2.73% 45236 2878 -1423 -72 3.25% 2.57% 43955 2813 MAD 1615 108 n= 28 MSE 3592943 23742 MAPE 7.59% 8.92% 07-23

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall. MAD Male Female 0.1 8597 633 0.2 5670 407 0.3 4143 292 0.4 3234 225 0.5 2669 183 0.6 2291 155 0.7 2011 135 0.8 1792 120 0.9 1615 108 Min 1615 108 MSE Male Female 0.1 108023592 581634 0.2 44238767 234798 0.3 23168057 123487 0.4 14169844 76642 0.5 9611120 53152 0.6 7011865 39945 0.7 5398270 31955 0.8 4331620 26924 0.9 3592943 23742 Min 3592943 23742 Male Female MAPE 7.59% 8.92% 0.1 31.78% 40.63% 0.2 22.37% 28.19% 0.3 17.16% 21.33% 0.4 13.92% 17.08% 0.5 11.79% 14.26% 0.6 10.32% 12.32% 0.7 9.21% 10.91% 0.8 8.32% 9.79% 0.9 7.59% 8.92% Min 7.59% 8.92% 07-24

4. For the data in the Excel file Gasoline Prices do the following:

a. Develop spreadsheet models for forecasting prices using single moving average and single exponential smoothing.

b. Using MAD, MSE, and MAPE as guidance, find the best number of moving average periods and best smoothing constant for exponential smoothing.

Answer: 1 week Moving Average: Exponential smoothing Alpha = 0.9 Date Price Forecast Error Rel Err Forecast Error Rel Err Jan 03, 2000 $1.26 $ 1.26 Jan 10, 2000 $1.25 1.260 -0.008 0.64% $ 1.26 $ (0.01) 0.64% Jan 17, 2000 $1.27 1.252 0.016 1.26% $ 1.25 $ 0.02 1.20% Jan 24, 2000 $1.31 1.268 0.039 2.98% $ 1.27 $ 0.04 3.10% Jan 31, 2000 $1.31 1.307 0.000 0.00% $ 1.30 $ 0.00 0.31% Feb 07, 2000 $1.32 1.307 0.012 0.91% $ 1.31 $ 0.01 0.94% Feb 14, 2000 $1.35 1.319 0.031 2.30% $ 1.32 $ 0.03 2.39% Feb 21, 2000 $1.40 1.350 0.050 3.57% $ 1.35 $ 0.05 3.80% Feb 28, 2000 $1.41 1.400 0.013 0.92% $ 1.39 $ 0.02 1.30% Mar 06, 2000 $1.49 1.413 0.077 5.17% $ 1.41 $ 0.08 5.29% Mar 13, 2000 $1.51 1.490 0.021 1.39% $ 1.48 $ 0.03 1.91% Mar 20, 2000 $1.51 1.511 -0.003 0.20% $ 1.51 $ (0.00) 0.01% Mar 27, 2000 $1.48 1.508 -0.024 1.62% $ 1.51 $ (0.02) 1.62% Apr 03, 2000 $1.48 1.484 -0.006 0.41% $ 1.49 $ (0.01) 0.57% Apr 10, 2000 $1.45 1.478 -0.031 2.14% $ 1.48 $ (0.03) 2.20% Apr 17, 2000 $1.42 1.447 -0.032 2.26% $ 1.45 $ (0.04) 2.49% Apr 24, 2000 $1.41 1.415 -0.009 0.64% $ 1.42 $ (0.01) 0.89% May 01, 2000 $1.39 1.406 -0.020 1.44% $ 1.41 $ (0.02) 1.53% May 08, 2000 $1.43 1.386 0.041 2.87% $ 1.39 $ 0.04 2.72% May 15, 2000 $1.47 1.427 0.039 2.66% $ 1.42 $ 0.04 2.93% May 22, 2000 $1.49 1.466 0.028 1.87% $ 1.46 $ 0.03 2.16% May 29, 2000 $1.51 1.494 0.015 0.99% $ 1.49 $ 0.02 1.21% Jun 05, 2000 $1.54 1.509 0.026 1.69% $ 1.51 $ 0.03 1.81% 07-01 07-25 07-25 07-25

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall. Jun 12, 2000 $1.61 1.535 0.072 4.48% $ 1.53 $ 0.07 4.65% Jun 19, 2000 $1.66 1.607 0.057 3.43% $ 1.60 $ 0.06 3.87% Jun 26, 2000 $1.64 1.664 -0.023 1.40% $ 1.66 $ (0.02) 1.01% Jul 03, 2000 $1.61 1.641 -0.035 2.18% $ 1.64 $ (0.04) 2.28% Jul 10, 2000 $1.57 1.606 -0.035 2.23% $ 1.61 $ (0.04) 2.46% Jul 17, 2000 $1.52 1.571 -0.050 3.29% $ 1.57 $ (0.05) 3.54% Jul 24, 2000 $1.50 1.521 -0.022 1.47% $ 1.53 $ (0.03) 1.83% Jul 31, 2000 $1.45 1.499 -0.052 3.59% $ 1.50 $ (0.05) 3.78% Aug 07, 2000 $1.44 1.447 -0.010 0.70% $ 1.45 $ (0.02) 1.08% Aug 14, 2000 $1.42 1.437 -0.017 1.20% $ 1.44 $ (0.02) 1.31% Aug 21, 2000 $1.44 1.420 0.024 1.66% $ 1.42 $ 0.02 1.53% Aug 28, 2000 $1.46 1.444 0.012 0.82% $ 1.44 $ 0.01 0.98% Sep 04, 2000 $1.50 1.456 0.046 3.06% $ 1.45 $ 0.05 3.16% Sep 11, 2000 $1.54 1.502 0.033 2.15% $ 1.50 $ 0.04 2.46% Sep 18, 2000 $1.54 1.535 0.004 0.26% $ 1.53 $ 0.01 0.51% Sep 25, 2000 $1.53 1.539 -0.014 0.92% $ 1.54 $ (0.01) 0.87% Oct 02, 2000 $1.50 1.525 -0.027 1.80% $ 1.53 $ (0.03) 1.89% Oct 09, 2000 $1.47 1.498 -0.025 1.70% $ 1.50 $ (0.03) 1.89% Oct 16, 2000 $1.52 1.473 0.043 2.84% $ 1.48 $ 0.04 2.65% Oct 23, 2000 $1.53 1.516 0.016 1.04% $ 1.51 $ 0.02 1.31% Oct 30, 2000 $1.52 1.532 -0.009 0.59% $ 1.53 $ (0.01) 0.46% Nov 06, 2000 $1.50 1.523 -0.021 1.40% $ 1.52 $ (0.02) 1.44% Nov 13, 2000 $1.50 1.502 -0.001 0.07% $ 1.50 $ (0.00) 0.21% Nov 20, 2000 $1.49 1.501 -0.014 0.94% $ 1.50 $ (0.01) 0.96% Nov 27, 2000 $1.49 1.487 0.002 0.13% $ 1.49 $ 0.00 0.04% Dec 04, 2000 $1.46 1.489 -0.025 1.71% $ 1.49 $ (0.02) 1.70% Dec 11, 2000 $1.43 1.464 -0.039 2.74% $ 1.47 $ (0.04) 2.91% Dec 18, 2000 $1.40 1.425 -0.029 2.08% $ 1.43 $ (0.03) 2.37% Dec 25, 2000 $1.39 1.396 -0.008 0.58% $ 1.40 $ (0.01) 0.82%

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall. Jan 01, 2001 $1.38 1.388 -0.011 0.80% $ 1.39 $ (0.01) 0.88% Jan 08, 2001 $1.40 1.377 0.023 1.64% $ 1.38 $ 0.02 1.56% Jan 15, 2001 $1.46 1.400 0.058 3.98% $ 1.40 $ 0.06 4.13% Jan 22, 2001 $1.46 1.458 -0.002 0.14% $ 1.45 $ 0.00 0.28% Jan 29, 2001 $1.45 1.456 -0.010 0.69% $ 1.46 $ (0.01) 0.66% Feb 05, 2001 $1.43 1.446 -0.020 1.40% $ 1.45 $ (0.02) 1.47% Feb 12, 2001 $1.46 1.426 0.034 2.33% $ 1.43 $ 0.03 2.19% Feb 19, 2001 $1.43 1.460 -0.031 2.17% $ 1.46 $ (0.03) 1.95% Feb 26, 2001 $1.41 1.429 -0.019 1.35% $ 1.43 $ (0.02) 1.54% Mar 05, 2001 $1.39 1.410 -0.017 1.22% $ 1.41 $ (0.02) 1.38% Mar 12, 2001 $1.39 1.393 -0.006 0.43% $ 1.39 $ (0.01) 0.57% Mar 19, 2001 $1.38 1.387 -0.010 0.73% $ 1.39 $ (0.01) 0.78% Mar 26, 2001 $1.38 1.377 0.002 0.15% $ 1.38 $ 0.00 0.07% Apr 02, 2001 $1.41 1.379 0.032 2.27% $ 1.38 $ 0.03 2.27% Apr 09, 2001 $1.47 1.411 0.058 3.95% $ 1.41 $ 0.06 4.17% Apr 16, 2001 $1.54 1.469 0.066 4.30% $ 1.46 $ 0.07 4.70% Apr 23, 2001 $1.59 1.535 0.051 3.22% $ 1.53 $ 0.06 3.67% Apr 30, 2001 $1.59 1.586 -0.001 0.06% $ 1.58 $ 0.00 0.30% May 07, 2001 $1.66 1.585 0.074 4.46% $ 1.58 $ 0.07 4.49% May 14, 2001 $1.66 1.659 0.004 0.24% $ 1.65 $ 0.01 0.69% May 21, 2001 $1.64 1.663 -0.026 1.59% $ 1.66 $ (0.02) 1.52% May 28, 2001 $1.66 1.637 0.019 1.15% $ 1.64 $ 0.02 1.00% Jun 04, 2001 $1.63 1.656 -0.026 1.60% $ 1.65 $ (0.02) 1.49% Jun 11, 2001 $1.58 1.630 -0.050 3.16% $ 1.63 $ (0.05) 3.32% Jun 18, 2001 $1.53 1.580 -0.054 3.54% $ 1.59 $ (0.06) 3.88% Jun 25, 2001 $1.45 1.526 -0.072 4.95% $ 1.53 $ (0.08) 5.36% Jul 02, 2001 $1.38 1.454 -0.070 5.06% $ 1.46 $ (0.08) 5.62% Jul 09, 2001 $1.35 1.384 -0.034 2.52% $ 1.39 $ (0.04) 3.09% Jul 16, 2001 $1.33 1.350 -0.020 1.50% $ 1.35 $ (0.02) 1.82%

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall. Jul 23, 2001 $1.32 1.330 -0.012 0.91% $ 1.33 $ (0.01) 1.09% Jul 30, 2001 $1.32 1.318 0.001 0.08% $ 1.32 $ (0.00) 0.03% Aug 06, 2001 $1.32 1.319 0.000 0.00% $ 1.32 $ (0.00) 0.00% Aug 13, 2001 $1.35 1.319 0.028 2.08% $ 1.32 $ 0.03 2.08% Aug 20, 2001 $1.40 1.347 0.052 3.72% $ 1.34 $ 0.05 3.92% Aug 27, 2001 $1.48 1.399 0.081 5.47% $ 1.39 $ 0.09 5.84% Sep 03, 2001 $1.54 1.480 0.058 3.77% $ 1.47 $ 0.07 4.33% Sep 10, 2001 $1.51 1.538 -0.027 1.79% $ 1.53 $ (0.02) 1.35% Sep 17, 2001 $1.52 1.511 0.005 0.33% $ 1.51 $ 0.00 0.20% Sep 24, 2001 $1.46 1.516 -0.056 3.84% $ 1.52 $ (0.06) 3.82% Oct 01, 2001 $1.38 1.460 -0.079 5.72% $ 1.47 $ (0.08) 6.12% Oct 08, 2001 $1.31 1.381 -0.071 5.42% $ 1.39 $ (0.08) 6.07% Oct 15, 2001 $1.26 1.310 -0.046 3.64% $ 1.32 $ (0.05) 4.27% Oct 22, 2001 $1.22 1.264 -0.043 3.52% $ 1.27 $ (0.05) 3.96% Oct 29, 2001 $1.19 1.221 -0.028 0.023 $ 1.23 $ (0.03) 2.75% Nov 05, 2001 $1.17 1.193 -0.023 0.020 $ 1.20 $ (0.03) 2.25% Nov 12, 2001 $1.15 1.170 -0.023 0.020 $ 1.17 $ (0.03) 2.23% Nov 19, 2001 $1.14 1.147 -0.007 0.006 $ 1.15 $ (0.01) 0.84% Nov 26, 2001 $1.10 1.140 -0.043 0.039 $ 1.14 $ (0.04) 4.01% Dec 03, 2001 $1.08 1.097 -0.013 0.012 $ 1.10 $ (0.02) 1.60% Dec 10, 2001 $1.08 1.084 -0.009 0.008 $ 1.09 $ (0.01) 1.00% Dec 17, 2001 $1.04 1.075 -0.033 0.032 $ 1.08 $ (0.03) 3.27% Dec 24, 2001 $1.06 1.042 0.021 0.020 $ 1.05 $ 0.02 1.65% Dec 31, 2001 $1.10 1.063 0.033 0.030 $ 1.06 $ 0.03 3.17% Jan 07, 2002 $1.11 1.096 0.013 0.012 $ 1.09 $ 0.02 1.49% Jan 14, 2002 $1.10 1.109 -0.010 0.009 $ 1.11 $ (0.01) 0.76% Jan 21, 2002 $1.09 1.099 -0.012 0.011 $ 1.10 $ (0.01) 1.18% Jan 28, 2002 $1.08 1.087 -0.006 0.006 $ 1.09 $ (0.01) 0.67% Feb 04, 2002 $1.10 1.081 0.017 0.015 $ 1.08 $ 0.02 1.48%

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall. Feb 11, 2002 $1.09 1.098 -0.013 0.012 $ 1.10 $ (0.01) 1.05% Feb 18, 2002 $1.09 1.085 0.004 0.004 $ 1.09 $ 0.00 0.26% Feb 25, 2002 $1.09 1.089 -0.002 0.002 $ 1.09 $ (0.00) 0.16% Mar 04, 2002 $1.12 1.087 0.031 0.028 $ 1.09 $ 0.03 2.76% Mar 11, 2002 $1.19 1.118 0.076 0.064 $ 1.11 $ 0.08 6.62% Mar 18, 2002 $1.26 1.194 0.068 0.054 $ 1.19 $ 0.08 6.01% Mar 25, 2002 $1.31 1.262 0.046 0.035 $ 1.25 $ 0.05 4.10% Apr 01, 2002 $1.34 1.308 0.031 0.023 $ 1.30 $ 0.04 2.72% Apr 08, 2002 $1.38 1.339 0.043 0.031 $ 1.34 $ 0.05 3.37% Apr 15, 2002 $1.37 1.382 -0.014 0.010 $ 1.38 $ (0.01) 0.68% Apr 22, 2002 $1.37 1.368 -0.001 0.001 $ 1.37 $ (0.00) 0.14% Apr 29, 2002 $1.35 1.367 -0.014 0.010 $ 1.37 $ (0.01) 1.05% May 06, 2002 $1.36 1.353 0.003 0.002 $ 1.35 $ 0.00 0.12% May 13, 2002 $1.35 1.356 -0.007 0.005 $ 1.36 $ (0.01) 0.51% May 20, 2002 $1.36 1.349 0.011 0.008 $ 1.35 $ 0.01 0.76% May 27, 2002 $1.35 1.360 -0.012 0.009 $ 1.36 $ (0.01) 0.81% Jun 03, 2002 $1.35 1.348 0.005 0.004 $ 1.35 $ 0.00 0.29% Jun 10, 2002 $1.33 1.353 -0.021 0.016 $ 1.35 $ (0.02) 1.55% Jun 17, 2002 $1.34 1.332 0.003 0.002 $ 1.33 $ 0.00 0.07% Jun 24, 2002 $1.34 1.335 0.007 0.005 $ 1.33 $ 0.01 0.53% Jul 01, 2002 $1.36 1.342 0.015 0.011 $ 1.34 $ 0.02 1.16% Jul 08, 2002 $1.35 1.357 -0.012 0.009 $ 1.36 $ (0.01) 0.78% Jul 15, 2002 $1.36 1.345 0.016 0.012 $ 1.35 $ 0.01 1.10% Jul 22, 2002 $1.38 1.361 0.020 0.014 $ 1.36 $ 0.02 1.56% Jul 29, 2002 $1.38 1.381 -0.005 0.004 $ 1.38 $ (0.00) 0.21% Aug 05, 2002 $1.36 1.376 -0.021 0.015 $ 1.38 $ (0.02) 1.57% Aug 12, 2002 $1.36 1.355 0.000 0.000 $ 1.36 $ (0.00) 0.16% Aug 19, 2002 $1.36 1.355 0.002 0.001 $ 1.36 $ 0.00 0.13% Aug 26, 2002 $1.37 1.357 0.008 0.006 $ 1.36 $ 0.01 0.60%

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall. Sep 02, 2002 $1.35 1.365 -0.012 0.009 $ 1.36 $ (0.01) 0.83% Sep 09, 2002 $1.36 1.353 0.002 0.001 $ 1.35 $ 0.00 0.07% Sep 16, 2002 $1.37 1.355 0.012 0.009 $ 1.35 $ 0.01 0.88% Sep 23, 2002 $1.36 1.367 -0.010 0.007 $ 1.37 $ (0.01) 0.65% Sep 30, 2002 $1.39 1.357 0.028 0.020 $ 1.36 $ 0.03 1.96% Oct 07, 2002 $1.42 1.385 0.031 0.022 $ 1.38 $ 0.03 2.38% Oct 14, 2002 $1.42 1.416 0.006 0.004 $ 1.41 $ 0.01 0.66% Oct 21, 2002 $1.44 1.422 0.021 0.015 $ 1.42 $ 0.02 1.52% Oct 28, 2002 $1.43 1.443 -0.016 0.011 $ 1.44 $ (0.01) 0.97% Nov 04, 2002 $1.43 1.427 0.000 0.000 $ 1.43 $ (0.00) 0.10% Nov 11, 2002 $1.41 1.427 -0.021 0.015 $ 1.43 $ (0.02) 1.50% Nov 18, 2002 $1.37 1.406 -0.036 0.026 $ 1.41 $ (0.04) 2.78% Nov 25, 2002 $1.34 1.370 -0.034 0.025 $ 1.37 $ (0.04) 2.83% Dec 02, 2002 $1.32 1.336 -0.020 0.015 $ 1.34 $ (0.02) 1.81% Dec 09, 2002 $1.32 1.316 0.000 0.000 $ 1.32 $ (0.00) 0.18% Dec 16, 2002 $1.32 1.316 0.006 0.005 $ 1.32 $ 0.01 0.44% Dec 23, 2002 $1.37 1.322 0.049 0.036 $ 1.32 $ 0.05 3.62% Dec 30, 2002 $1.42 1.371 0.046 0.032 $ 1.37 $ 0.05 3.60% Jan 06, 2003 $1.41 1.417 -0.005 0.004 $ 1.41 $ 0.00 0.01% Jan 13, 2003 $1.42 1.412 0.011 0.008 $ 1.41 $ 0.01 0.77% Jan 20, 2003 $1.42 1.423 -0.001 0.001 $ 1.42 $ 0.00 0.01% Jan 27, 2003 $1.44 1.422 0.015 0.010 $ 1.42 $ 0.02 1.04% Feb 03, 2003 $1.50 1.437 0.062 0.041 $ 1.44 $ 0.06 4.24% Feb 10, 2003 $1.58 1.499 0.083 0.052 $ 1.49 $ 0.09 5.65% Feb 17, 2003 $1.63 1.582 0.048 0.029 $ 1.57 $ 0.06 3.49% Feb 24, 2003 $1.62 1.630 -0.013 0.008 $ 1.62 $ (0.01) 0.45% Mar 03, 2003 $1.64 1.617 0.024 0.015 $ 1.62 $ 0.02 1.42% Mar 10, 2003 $1.66 1.641 0.022 0.013 $ 1.64 $ 0.02 1.46% Mar 17, 2003 $1.67 1.663 0.010 0.006 $ 1.66 $ 0.01 0.74%

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall. Mar 24, 2003 $1.63 1.673 -0.047 0.029 $ 1.67 $ (0.05) 2.81% Mar 31, 2003 $1.58 1.626 -0.049 0.031 $ 1.63 $ (0.05) 3.40% Apr 07, 2003 $1.56 1.577 -0.020 0.013 $ 1.58 $ (0.03) 1.63% Apr 14, 2003 $1.52 1.557 -0.036 0.024 $ 1.56 $ (0.04) 2.53% Apr 21, 2003 $1.50 1.521 -0.017 0.011 $ 1.52 $ (0.02) 1.39% Apr 28, 2003 $1.49 1.504 -0.018 0.012 $ 1.51 $ (0.02) 1.35% May 05, 2003 $1.44 1.486 -0.045 0.031 $ 1.49 $ (0.05) 3.26% May 12, 2003 $1.43 1.441 -0.014 0.010 $ 1.45 $ (0.02) 1.31% May 19, 2003 $1.44 1.427 0.017 0.012 $ 1.43 $ 0.02 1.05% May 26, 2003 $1.44 1.444 -0.005 0.003 $ 1.44 $ (0.00) 0.24% Jun 02, 2003 $1.43 1.439 -0.011 0.008 $ 1.44 $ (0.01) 0.79% Jun 09, 2003 $1.46 1.428 0.028 0.019 $ 1.43 $ 0.03 1.85% Jun 16, 2003 $1.48 1.456 0.024 0.016 $ 1.45 $ 0.03 1.80% Jun 23, 2003 $1.45 1.480 -0.029 0.020 $ 1.48 $ (0.03) 1.81% Jun 30, 2003 $1.44 1.451 -0.008 0.006 $ 1.45 $ (0.01) 0.74% Jul 07, 2003 $1.45 1.443 0.005 0.003 $ 1.44 $ 0.00 0.27% Jul 14, 2003 $1.49 1.448 0.041 0.028 $ 1.45 $ 0.04 2.78% Jul 21, 2003 $1.50 1.489 0.007 0.005 $ 1.48 $ 0.01 0.74% Jul 28, 2003 $1.49 1.496 -0.008 0.005 $ 1.49 $ (0.01) 0.46% Aug 04, 2003 $1.52 1.488 0.028 0.018 $ 1.49 $ 0.03 1.80% Aug 11, 2003 $1.55 1.516 0.034 0.022 $ 1.51 $ 0.04 2.37% Aug 18, 2003 $1.59 1.550 0.044 0.028 $ 1.55 $ 0.05 2.99% Aug 25, 2003 $1.69 1.594 0.099 0.058 $ 1.59 $ 0.10 6.13% Sep 01, 2003 $1.69 1.693 -0.005 0.003 $ 1.68 $ 0.01 0.32% Sep 08, 2003 $1.65 1.688 -0.035 0.021 $ 1.69 $ (0.03) 2.08% Sep 15, 2003 $1.64 1.653 -0.017 0.010 $ 1.66 $ (0.02) 1.25% Sep 22, 2003 $1.58 1.636 -0.056 0.035 $ 1.64 $ (0.06) 3.67% Sep 29, 2003 $1.52 1.580 -0.056 0.037 $ 1.59 $ (0.06) 4.06% Oct 06, 2003 $1.51 1.524 -0.013 0.009 $ 1.53 $ (0.02) 1.27%

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall. Oct 13, 2003 $1.52 1.511 0.004 0.003 $ 1.51 $ 0.00 0.14% Oct 20, 2003 $1.53 1.515 0.012 0.008 $ 1.51 $ 0.01 0.80% Oct 27, 2003 $1.50 1.527 -0.028 0.019 $ 1.53 $ (0.03) 1.79% Nov 03, 2003 $1.49 1.499 -0.005 0.003 $ 1.50 $ (0.01) 0.51% Nov 10, 2003 $1.46 1.494 -0.030 0.020 $ 1.49 $ (0.03) 2.10% Nov 17, 2003 $1.46 1.464 -0.005 0.003 $ 1.47 $ (0.01) 0.55% Nov 24, 2003 $1.48 1.459 0.019 0.013 $ 1.46 $ 0.02 1.23% Dec 01, 2003 $1.45 1.478 -0.024 0.017 $ 1.48 $ (0.02) 1.53% Dec 08, 2003 $1.44 1.454 -0.013 0.009 $ 1.46 $ (0.02) 1.06% Dec 15, 2003 $1.43 1.441 -0.008 0.006 $ 1.44 $ (0.01) 0.66% Dec 22, 2003 $1.46 1.433 0.026 0.018 $ 1.43 $ 0.03 1.72% Dec 29, 2003 $1.45 1.459 -0.005 0.003 $ 1.46 $ (0.00) 0.17% Jan 05, 2004 $1.49 1.454 0.038 0.025 $ 1.45 $ 0.04 2.53% Jan 12, 2004 $1.54 1.492 0.052 0.034 $ 1.49 $ 0.06 3.61% Jan 19, 2004 $1.58 1.544 0.035 0.022 $ 1.54 $ 0.04 2.57% Jan 26, 2004 $1.60 1.579 0.025 0.016 $ 1.57 $ 0.03 1.81% Feb 02, 2004 $1.59 1.604 -0.013 0.008 $ 1.60 $ (0.01) 0.63% Feb 09, 2004 $1.61 1.591 0.018 0.011 $ 1.59 $ 0.02 1.06% Feb 16, 2004 $1.62 1.609 0.008 0.005 $ 1.61 $ 0.01 0.60% Feb 23, 2004 $1.64 1.617 0.024 0.015 $ 1.62 $ 0.02 1.52% Mar 01, 2004 $1.66 1.641 0.023 0.014 $ 1.64 $ 0.03 1.53% Mar 08, 2004 $1.69 1.664 0.026 0.015 $ 1.66 $ 0.03 1.69% Mar 15, 2004 $1.68 1.690 -0.015 0.009 $ 1.69 $ (0.01) 0.73% Mar 22, 2004 $1.70 1.675 0.023 0.014 $ 1.68 $ 0.02 1.28% Mar 29, 2004 $1.72 1.698 0.018 0.010 $ 1.70 $ 0.02 1.18% Apr 05, 2004 $1.74 1.716 0.021 0.012 $ 1.71 $ 0.02 1.33% Apr 12, 2004 $1.74 1.737 0.003 0.002 $ 1.73 $ 0.01 0.30% Apr 19, 2004 $1.77 1.740 0.033 0.019 $ 1.74 $ 0.03 1.89% Apr 26, 2004 $1.77 1.773 0.001 0.001 $ 1.77 $ 0.00 0.25%

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall. May 03, 2004 $1.81 1.774 0.037 0.020 $ 1.77 $ 0.04 2.07% May 10, 2004 $1.90 1.811 0.093 0.049 $ 1.81 $ 0.10 5.08% May 17, 2004 $1.98 1.904 0.075 0.038 $ 1.89 $ 0.08 4.28% May 24, 2004 $2.03 1.979 0.047 0.023 $ 1.97 $ 0.06 2.74% May 31, 2004 $2.00 2.026 -0.022 0.011 $ 2.02 $ (0.02) 0.82% Jun 07, 2004 $1.98 2.004 -0.021 0.011 $ 2.01 $ (0.02) 1.14% Jun 14, 2004 $1.93 1.983 -0.057 0.030 $ 1.99 $ (0.06) 3.08% Jun 21, 2004 $1.87 1.926 -0.053 0.028 $ 1.93 $ (0.06) 3.15% Jun 28, 2004 $1.86 1.873 -0.014 0.008 $ 1.88 $ (0.02) 1.07% Jul 05, 2004 $1.84 1.859 -0.024 0.013 $ 1.86 $ (0.03) 1.42% Jul 12, 2004 $1.87 1.835 0.034 0.018 $ 1.84 $ 0.03 1.68% Jul 19, 2004 $1.89 1.869 0.019 0.010 $ 1.87 $ 0.02 1.17% Jul 26, 2004 $1.86 1.888 -0.027 0.015 $ 1.89 $ (0.02) 1.33% Aug 02, 2004 $1.85 1.861 -0.015 0.008 $ 1.86 $ (0.02) 0.95% Aug 09, 2004 $1.84 1.846 -0.007 0.004 $ 1.85 $ (0.01) 0.48% Aug 16, 2004 $1.84 1.839 0.003 0.002 $ 1.84 $ 0.00 0.12% Aug 23, 2004 $1.85 1.842 0.012 0.006 $ 1.84 $ 0.01 0.66% Aug 30, 2004 $1.83 1.854 -0.027 0.015 $ 1.85 $ (0.03) 1.41% Sep 06, 2004 $1.82 1.827 -0.012 0.007 $ 1.83 $ (0.01) 0.80% Sep 13, 2004 $1.81 1.815 -0.002 0.001 $ 1.82 $ (0.00) 0.19% Sep 20, 2004 $1.84 1.813 0.026 0.014 $ 1.81 $ 0.03 1.40% Sep 27, 2004 $1.90 1.839 0.056 0.030 $ 1.84 $ 0.06 3.09% Oct 04, 2004 $1.90 1.895 0.007 0.004 $ 1.89 $ 0.01 0.68% Oct 11, 2004 $1.95 1.902 0.047 0.024 $ 1.90 $ 0.05 2.48% Oct 18, 2004 $1.98 1.949 0.035 0.018 $ 1.94 $ 0.04 2.01% Oct 25, 2004 $1.98 1.984 -0.004 0.002 $ 1.98 $ (0.00) 0.00% Nov 01, 2004 $1.99 1.980 0.006 0.003 $ 1.98 $ 0.01 0.30% Nov 08, 2004 $1.95 1.986 -0.035 0.018 $ 1.99 $ (0.03) 1.76% Nov 15, 2004 $1.92 1.951 -0.033 0.017 $ 1.95 $ (0.04) 1.90%

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall. Nov 22, 2004 $1.90 1.918 -0.017 0.009 $ 1.92 $ (0.02) 1.09% Nov 29, 2004 $1.90 1.901 0.002 0.001 $ 1.90 $ (0.00) 0.00% Dec 06, 2004 $1.87 1.903 -0.035 0.019 $ 1.90 $ (0.04) 1.87% Dec 13, 2004 $1.80 1.868 -0.069 0.038 $ 1.87 $ (0.07) 4.03% Dec 20, 2004 $1.78 1.799 -0.022 0.012 $ 1.81 $ (0.03) 1.65% Dec 27, 2004 $1.75 1.777 -0.023 0.013 $ 1.78 $ (0.03) 1.48% Jan 03, 2005 $1.75 1.754 -0.009 0.005 $ 1.76 $ (0.01) 0.66% Jan 10, 2005 $1.77 1.745 0.026 0.015 $ 1.75 $ 0.02 1.40% Jan 17, 2005 $1.80 1.771 0.031 0.017 $ 1.77 $ 0.03 1.86% Jan 24, 2005 $1.84 1.802 0.037 0.020 $ 1.80 $ 0.04 2.19% Jan 31, 2005 $1.90 1.839 0.057 0.030 $ 1.83 $ 0.06 3.22% Feb 07, 2005 $1.89 1.896 -0.006 0.003 $ 1.89 $ 0.00 0.01% Feb 14, 2005 $1.87 1.890 -0.017 0.009 $ 1.89 $ (0.02) 0.91% Feb 21, 2005 $1.88 1.873 0.005 0.003 $ 1.87 $ 0.00 0.18% Feb 28, 2005 $1.90 1.878 0.026 0.014 $ 1.88 $ 0.03 1.38% Mar 07, 2005 $1.98 1.904 0.075 0.038 $ 1.90 $ 0.08 3.92% Mar 14, 2005 $2.04 1.979 0.060 0.029 $ 1.97 $ 0.07 3.32% Mar 21, 2005 $2.10 2.039 0.056 0.027 $ 2.03 $ 0.06 3.00% Mar 28, 2005 $2.14 2.095 0.042 0.020 $ 2.09 $ 0.05 2.26% Apr 04, 2005 $2.20 2.137 0.059 0.027 $ 2.13 $ 0.06 2.91% Apr 11, 2005 $2.25 2.196 0.055 0.024 $ 2.19 $ 0.06 2.73% Apr 18, 2005 $2.20 2.251 -0.053 0.024 $ 2.24 $ (0.05) 2.13% Apr 25, 2005 $2.20 2.198 -0.001 0.000 $ 2.20 $ (0.01) 0.26% May 02, 2005 $2.19 2.197 -0.006 0.003 $ 2.20 $ (0.01) 0.30% May 09, 2005 $2.14 2.191 -0.054 0.025 $ 2.19 $ (0.05) 2.56% May 16, 2005 $2.12 2.137 -0.021 0.010 $ 2.14 $ (0.03) 1.25% May 23, 2005 $2.08 2.116 -0.039 0.019 $ 2.12 $ (0.04) 2.01% May 30, 2005 $2.05 2.077 -0.026 0.013 $ 2.08 $ (0.03) 1.47% Jun 06, 2005 $2.08 2.051 0.027 0.013 $ 2.05 $ 0.02 1.15%

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall. Jun 13, 2005 $2.10 2.078 0.021 0.010 $ 2.08 $ 0.02 1.11% Jun 20, 2005 $2.13 2.099 0.029 0.014 $ 2.10 $ 0.03 1.47% Jun 27, 2005 $2.19 2.128 0.058 0.027 $ 2.12 $ 0.06 2.80% Jul 04, 2005 $2.19 2.186 0.003 0.001 $ 2.18 $ 0.01 0.42% Jul 11, 2005 $2.29 2.189 0.103 0.045 $ 2.19 $ 0.10 4.53% Jul 18, 2005 $2.27 2.292 -0.020 0.009 $ 2.28 $ (0.01) 0.42% Jul 25, 2005 $2.24 2.272 -0.037 0.017 $ 2.27 $ (0.04) 1.70% Aug 01, 2005 $2.24 2.235 0.004 0.002 $ 2.24 $ 0.00 0.01% Aug 08, 2005 $2.32 2.239 0.084 0.036 $ 2.24 $ 0.08 3.62% Aug 15, 2005 $2.52 2.323 0.196 0.078 $ 2.31 $ 0.20 8.11% Aug 22, 2005 $2.58 2.519 0.064 0.025 $ 2.50 $ 0.08 3.27% Aug 29, 2005 $2.58 2.583 -0.002 0.001 $ 2.57 $ 0.01 0.25% Sep 05, 2005 $3.04 2.581 0.456 0.150 $ 2.58 $ 0.46 15.04% Sep 12, 2005 $2.91 3.037 -0.125 0.043 $ 2.99 $ (0.08) 2.72% Sep 19, 2005 $2.73 2.912 -0.182 0.067 $ 2.92 $ (0.19) 6.96% Sep 26, 2005 $2.77 2.730 0.037 0.013 $ 2.75 $ 0.02 0.65% Oct 03, 2005 $2.92 2.767 0.155 0.053 $ 2.77 $ 0.16 5.37% Oct 10, 2005 $2.83 2.922 -0.094 0.033 $ 2.91 $ (0.08) 2.77% Oct 17, 2005 $2.69 2.828 -0.135 0.050 $ 2.84 $ (0.14) 5.30% Oct 24, 2005 $2.56 2.693 -0.129 0.050 $ 2.71 $ (0.14) 5.59% Oct 31, 2005 $2.44 2.564 -0.126 0.052 $ 2.58 $ (0.14) 5.76% Nov 07, 2005 $2.34 2.438 -0.102 0.044 $ 2.45 $ (0.12) 4.97% Nov 14, 2005 $2.26 2.336 -0.078 0.035 $ 2.35 $ (0.09) 3.97% Nov 21, 2005 $2.17 2.258 -0.090 0.042 $ 2.27 $ (0.10) 4.56% Nov 28, 2005 $2.12 2.168 -0.044 0.021 $ 2.18 $ (0.05) 2.54% Dec 05, 2005 $2.13 2.124 0.003 0.001 $ 2.13 $ (0.00) 0.11% Dec 12, 2005 $2.18 2.127 0.048 0.022 $ 2.13 $ 0.05 2.20% Dec 19, 2005 $2.21 2.175 0.030 0.014 $ 2.17 $ 0.03 1.58% Dec 26, 2005 $2.19 2.205 -0.017 0.008 $ 2.20 $ (0.01) 0.62%

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall. Jan 02, 2006 $2.24 2.188 0.048 0.021 $ 2.19 $ 0.05 2.09% Jan 09, 2006 $2.32 2.236 0.085 0.037 $ 2.23 $ 0.09 3.86% Jan 16, 2006 $2.30 2.321 -0.024 0.010 $ 2.31 $ (0.02) 0.65% Jan 23, 2006 $2.31 2.297 0.017 0.007 $ 2.30 $ 0.02 0.67% Jan 30, 2006 $2.33 2.314 0.018 0.008 $ 2.31 $ 0.02 0.84% Feb 06, 2006 $2.31 2.332 -0.022 0.010 $ 2.33 $ (0.02) 0.87% Feb 13, 2006 $2.25 2.310 -0.064 0.028 $ 2.31 $ (0.07) 2.94% Feb 20, 2006 $2.21 2.246 -0.041 0.019 $ 2.25 $ (0.05) 2.16% Feb 27, 2006 $2.24 2.205 0.031 0.014 $ 2.21 $ 0.03 1.17% Mar 06, 2006 $2.32 2.236 0.085 0.037 $ 2.23 $ 0.09 3.78% Mar 13, 2006 $2.36 2.321 0.034 0.014 $ 2.31 $ 0.04 1.82% Mar 20, 2006 $2.50 2.355 0.140 0.056 $ 2.35 $ 0.14 5.78% Mar 27, 2006 $2.48 2.495 -0.016 0.006 $ 2.48 $ (0.00) 0.06% Apr 03, 2006 $2.57 2.479 0.088 0.034 $ 2.48 $ 0.09 3.42% Apr 10, 2006 $2.66 2.567 0.096 0.036 $ 2.56 $ 0.10 3.93% Apr 17, 2006 $2.76 2.663 0.101 0.037 $ 2.65 $ 0.11 4.03% Apr 24, 2006 $2.88 2.764 0.117 0.041 $ 2.75 $ 0.13 4.45% May 01, 2006 $2.87 2.881 -0.015 0.005 $ 2.87 $ (0.00) 0.08% May 08, 2006 $2.83 2.866 -0.032 0.011 $ 2.87 $ (0.03) 1.14% May 15, 2006 $2.87 2.834 0.037 0.013 $ 2.84 $ 0.03 1.18% May 22, 2006 $2.80 2.871 -0.070 0.025 $ 2.87 $ (0.07) 2.38% May 29, 2006 $2.78 2.801 -0.017 0.006 $ 2.81 $ (0.02) 0.85% Jun 05, 2006 $2.81 2.784 0.027 0.010 $ 2.79 $ 0.02 0.88% Jun 12, 2006 $2.83 2.811 0.022 0.008 $ 2.81 $ 0.02 0.86% Jun 19, 2006 $2.79 2.833 -0.040 0.014 $ 2.83 $ (0.04) 1.34% Jun 26, 2006 $2.80 2.793 0.003 0.001 $ 2.80 $ (0.00) 0.03% Jul 03, 2006 $2.87 2.796 0.077 0.027 $ 2.80 $ 0.08 2.68% Jul 10, 2006 $2.91 2.873 0.037 0.013 $ 2.87 $ 0.04 1.54% Jul 17, 2006 $2.93 2.910 0.018 0.006 $ 2.91 $ 0.02 0.77%

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall. Jul 24, 2006 $2.95 2.928 0.022 0.007 $ 2.93 $ 0.02 0.82% Jul 31, 2006 $2.96 2.950 0.005 0.002 $ 2.95 $ 0.01 0.25% Aug 07, 2006 $3.00 2.955 0.049 0.016 $ 2.95 $ 0.05 1.66% Aug 14, 2006 $2.96 3.004 -0.046 0.016 $ 3.00 $ (0.04) 1.39% Aug 21, 2006 $2.88 2.958 -0.081 0.028 $ 2.96 $ (0.09) 2.96% Aug 28, 2006 $2.80 2.877 -0.077 0.028 $ 2.89 $ (0.09) 3.05% Sep 04, 2006 $2.68 2.800 -0.120 0.045 $ 2.81 $ (0.13) 4.80% Sep 11, 2006 $2.56 2.680 -0.117 0.046 $ 2.69 $ (0.13) 5.07% Sep 18, 2006 $2.44 2.563 -0.122 0.050 $ 2.58 $ (0.13) 5.53% Sep 25, 2006 $2.32 2.441 -0.121 0.052 $ 2.45 $ (0.13) 5.80% Oct 02, 2006 $2.26 2.320 -0.057 0.025 $ 2.33 $ (0.07) 3.11% Oct 09, 2006 $2.22 2.263 -0.041 0.018 $ 2.27 $ (0.05) 2.16% Oct 16, 2006 $2.20 2.222 -0.027 0.012 $ 2.23 $ (0.03) 1.45% Oct 23, 2006 $2.19 2.195 -0.009 0.004 $ 2.20 $ (0.01) 0.56% Oct 30, 2006 $2.20 2.186 0.018 0.008 $ 2.19 $ 0.02 0.76% Nov 06, 2006 $2.19 2.204 -0.015 0.007 $ 2.20 $ (0.01) 0.61% Nov 13, 2006 $2.22 2.189 0.027 0.012 $ 2.19 $ 0.03 1.16% Nov 20, 2006 $2.22 2.216 0.002 0.001 $ 2.21 $ 0.00 0.21% Nov 27, 2006 $2.22 2.218 0.003 0.001 $ 2.22 $ 0.00 0.16% Dec 04, 2006 $2.28 2.221 0.056 0.025 $ 2.22 $ 0.06 2.47% Dec 11, 2006 $2.27 2.277 -0.010 0.004 $ 2.27 $ (0.00) 0.19% Dec 18, 2006 $2.29 2.267 0.023 0.010 $ 2.27 $ 0.02 0.99% Dec 25, 2006 $2.30 2.290 0.013 0.006 $ 2.29 $ 0.02 0.66% Jan 01, 2007 $2.30 2.303 -0.007 0.003 $ 2.30 $ (0.01) 0.24% Jan 08, 2007 $2.26 2.296 -0.038 0.017 $ 2.30 $ (0.04) 1.71% Jan 15, 2007 $2.17 2.258 -0.085 0.039 $ 2.26 $ (0.09) 4.09% Jan 22, 2007 $2.11 2.173 -0.066 0.031 $ 2.18 $ (0.07) 3.55% Jan 29, 2007 $2.12 2.107 0.012 0.006 $ 2.11 $ 0.00 0.21% Feb 05, 2007 $2.15 2.119 0.032 0.015 $ 2.12 $ 0.03 1.51%

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall. Feb 12, 2007 $2.20 2.151 0.047 0.021 $ 2.15 $ 0.05 2.29% Feb 19, 2007 $2.25 2.198 0.053 0.024 $ 2.19 $ 0.06 2.58% Feb 26, 2007 $2.34 2.251 0.087 0.037 $ 2.25 $ 0.09 3.97% Mar 05, 2007 $2.46 2.338 0.122 0.050 $ 2.33 $ 0.13 5.34% Mar 12, 2007 $2.50 2.460 0.039 0.016 $ 2.45 $ 0.05 2.09% Mar 19, 2007 $2.51 2.499 0.012 0.005 $ 2.49 $ 0.02 0.69% Mar 26, 2007 $2.54 2.511 0.029 0.011 $ 2.51 $ 0.03 1.21% Apr 02, 2007 $2.64 2.540 0.096 0.036 $ 2.54 $ 0.10 3.76% Apr 09, 2007 $2.75 2.636 0.110 0.040 $ 2.63 $ 0.12 4.37% Apr 16, 2007 $2.82 2.746 0.076 0.027 $ 2.73 $ 0.09 3.12% Apr 23, 2007 $2.81 2.822 -0.011 0.004 $ 2.81 $ (0.00) 0.08% Apr 30, 2007 $2.92 2.811 0.111 0.038 $ 2.81 $ 0.11 3.79% May 07, 2007 $3.00 2.922 0.080 0.027 $ 2.91 $ 0.09 3.03% May 14, 2007 $3.07 3.002 0.067 0.022 $ 2.99 $ 0.08 2.48% May 21, 2007 $3.21 3.069 0.142 0.044 $ 3.06 $ 0.15 4.66% May 28, 2007 $3.20 3.211 -0.016 0.005 $ 3.20 $ (0.00) 0.03% Jun 04, 2007 $3.13 3.195 -0.063 0.020 $ 3.20 $ (0.06) 2.01% Jun 11, 2007 $3.04 3.132 -0.092 0.030 $ 3.14 $ (0.10) 3.23% Jun 18, 2007 $2.97 3.040 -0.066 0.022 $ 3.05 $ (0.08) 2.55% Jun 25, 2007 $2.95 2.974 -0.023 0.008 $ 2.98 $ (0.03) 1.04% Jul 02, 2007 $2.93 2.951 -0.018 0.006 $ 2.95 $ (0.02) 0.72% Jul 09, 2007 $2.97 2.933 0.038 0.013 $ 2.94 $ 0.04 1.21% Jul 16, 2007 $3.05 2.971 0.075 0.025 $ 2.97 $ 0.08 2.58% Jul 23, 2007 $2.94 3.046 -0.108 0.037 $ 3.04 $ (0.10) 3.41% Jul 30, 2007 $2.85 2.938 -0.089 0.031 $ 2.95 $ (0.10) 3.48% Aug 06, 2007 $2.82 2.849 -0.033 0.012 $ 2.86 $ (0.04) 1.52% Aug 13, 2007 $2.75 2.816 -0.064 0.023 $ 2.82 $ (0.07) 2.48% Aug 20, 2007 $2.78 2.752 0.031 0.011 $ 2.76 $ 0.02 0.87% Aug 27, 2007 $2.76 2.783 -0.027 0.010 $ 2.78 $ (0.02) 0.89%

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall. Sep 03, 2007 $2.82 2.756 0.062 0.022 $ 2.76 $ 0.06 2.11% Sep 10, 2007 $2.84 2.818 0.022 0.008 $ 2.81 $ 0.03 0.98% Sep 17, 2007 $2.79 2.840 -0.048 0.017 $ 2.84 $ (0.05) 1.62% Sep 24, 2007 $2.82 2.792 0.024 0.009 $ 2.80 $ 0.02 0.69% Oct 01, 2007 $2.78 2.816 -0.032 0.011 $ 2.81 $ (0.03) 1.08% Oct 08, 2007 $2.76 2.784 -0.023 0.008 $ 2.79 $ (0.03) 0.94% Oct 15, 2007 $2.75 2.761 -0.015 0.005 $ 2.76 $ (0.02) 0.64% Oct 22, 2007 $2.81 2.746 0.060 0.021 $ 2.75 $ 0.06 2.08% Oct 29, 2007 $2.86 2.806 0.053 0.019 $ 2.80 $ 0.06 2.06% Nov 05, 2007 $3.01 2.859 0.148 0.049 $ 2.85 $ 0.15 5.12% Nov 12, 2007 $3.10 3.007 0.094 0.030 $ 2.99 $ 0.11 3.53% Nov 19, 2007 $3.08 3.101 -0.024 0.008 $ 3.09 $ (0.01) 0.42% Nov 26, 2007 $3.07 3.077 -0.005 0.002 $ 3.08 $ (0.01) 0.21% Dec 03, 2007 $3.03 3.072 -0.043 0.014 $ 3.07 $ (0.04) 1.44% Dec 10, 2007 $2.96 3.029 -0.072 0.024 $ 3.03 $ (0.08) 2.58% Dec 17, 2007 $2.96 2.957 0.005 0.002 $ 2.96 $ (0.00) 0.09% Dec 24, 2007 $2.94 2.962 -0.019 0.006 $ 2.96 $ (0.02) 0.65% Dec 31, 2007 $3.03 2.943 0.085 0.028 $ 2.94 $ 0.08 2.74% Jan 07, 2008 $3.09 3.028 0.060 0.019 $ 3.02 $ 0.07 2.21% Jan 14, 2008 $3.04 3.088 -0.047 0.015 $ 3.08 $ (0.04) 1.32% Jan 21, 2008 $2.99 3.041 -0.050 0.017 $ 3.05 $ (0.05) 1.81% Jan 28, 2008 $2.95 2.991 -0.038 0.013 $ 3.00 $ (0.04) 1.47% Feb 04, 2008 $2.97 2.953 0.013 0.004 $ 2.96 $ 0.01 0.29% Feb 11, 2008 $2.95 2.966 -0.019 0.006 $ 2.97 $ (0.02) 0.62% Feb 18, 2008 $3.04 2.947 0.088 0.029 $ 2.95 $ 0.09 2.84% Feb 25, 2008 $3.12 3.035 0.080 0.026 $ 3.03 $ 0.09 2.84% Mar 03, 2008 $3.14 3.115 0.022 0.007 $ 3.11 $ 0.03 0.98% Mar 10, 2008 $3.20 3.137 0.063 0.020 $ 3.13 $ 0.07 2.07% Mar 17, 2008 $3.26 3.200 0.057 0.018 $ 3.19 $ 0.06 1.95%

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall. Mar 24, 2008 $3.22 3.257 -0.033 0.010 $ 3.25 $ (0.03) 0.83% Mar 31, 2008 $3.26 3.224 0.035 0.011 $ 3.23 $ 0.03 0.99% Apr 07, 2008 $3.30 3.259 0.040 0.012 $ 3.26 $ 0.04 1.31% Apr 14, 2008 $3.35 3.299 0.051 0.015 $ 3.29 $ 0.06 1.65% Apr 21, 2008 $3.47 3.350 0.117 0.034 $ 3.34 $ 0.12 3.53% Apr 28, 2008 $3.57 3.467 0.099 0.028 $ 3.45 $ 0.11 3.12% May 05, 2008 $3.57 3.566 0.005 0.001 $ 3.55 $ 0.02 0.45% May 12, 2008 $3.69 3.571 0.123 0.033 $ 3.57 $ 0.12 3.37% May 19, 2008 $3.76 3.694 0.068 0.018 $ 3.68 $ 0.08 2.14% May 26, 2008 $3.91 3.762 0.151 0.039 $ 3.75 $ 0.16 4.06% Jun 02, 2008 $3.93 3.913 0.019 0.005 $ 3.90 $ 0.03 0.89% Jun 09, 2008 $3.98 3.932 0.047 0.012 $ 3.93 $ 0.05 1.27% Jun 16, 2008 $4.01 3.979 0.028 0.007 $ 3.97 $ 0.03 0.82% Jun 23, 2008 $4.00 4.007 -0.005 0.001 $ 4.00 $ (0.00) 0.04% Jun 30, 2008 $4.03 4.002 0.025 0.006 $ 4.00 $ 0.02 0.62% Jul 07, 2008 $4.05 4.027 0.024 0.006 $ 4.02 $ 0.03 0.65% Jul 14, 2008 $4.05 4.051 0.003 0.001 $ 4.05 $ 0.01 0.14% Jul 21, 2008 $4.01 4.054 -0.049 0.012 $ 4.05 $ (0.05) 1.21% Jul 28, 2008 $3.90 4.005 -0.109 0.028 $ 4.01 $ (0.11) 2.92% Aug 04, 2008 $3.83 3.896 -0.068 0.018 $ 3.91 $ (0.08) 2.07% Aug 11, 2008 $3.76 3.828 -0.064 0.017 $ 3.84 $ (0.07) 1.91% Aug 18, 2008 $3.71 3.764 -0.058 0.016 $ 3.77 $ (0.07) 1.76% Aug 25, 2008 $3.66 3.706 -0.046 0.013 $ 3.71 $ (0.05) 1.43% Sep 01, 2008 $3.67 3.660 0.007 0.002 $ 3.67 $ 0.00 0.05% Sep 08, 2008 $3.64 3.667 -0.030 0.008 $ 3.67 $ (0.03) 0.82% Sep 15, 2008 $3.87 3.637 0.230 0.059 $ 3.64 $ 0.23 5.87% Sep 22, 2008 $3.73 3.867 -0.135 0.036 $ 3.84 $ (0.11) 3.01% Sep 29, 2008 $3.64 3.732 -0.088 0.024 $ 3.74 $ (0.10) 2.72% Oct 06, 2008 $3.49 3.644 -0.159 0.046 $ 3.65 $ (0.17) 4.85%

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall. Oct 13, 2008 $3.11 3.485 -0.376 0.121 $ 3.50 $ (0.39) 12.64% Oct 20, 2008 $2.86 3.109 -0.254 0.089 $ 3.15 $ (0.29) 10.27% Oct 27, 2008 $2.59 2.855 -0.266 0.103 $ 2.88 $ (0.30) 11.41% Nov 03, 2008 $2.34 2.589 -0.249 0.106 $ 2.62 $ (0.28) 11.90% Nov 10, 2008 $2.17 2.340 -0.170 0.078 $ 2.37 $ (0.20) 9.12% Nov 17, 2008 $2.03 2.170 -0.143 0.071 $ 2.19 $ (0.16) 8.03% Nov 24, 2008 $1.86 2.027 -0.170 0.092 $ 2.04 $ (0.19) 10.03% Dec 01, 2008 $1.79 1.857 -0.067 0.037 $ 1.88 $ (0.09) 4.78% Dec 08, 2008 $1.68 1.790 -0.109 0.065 $ 1.80 $ (0.12) 6.99% Dec 15, 2008 $1.65 1.681 -0.033 0.020 $ 1.69 $ (0.04) 2.72% Dec 22, 2008 $1.64 1.648 -0.013 0.008 $ 1.65 $ (0.02) 1.07% Dec 29, 2008 $1.59 1.635 -0.045 0.028 $ 1.64 $ (0.05) 2.94% Jan 05, 2009 $1.67 1.590 0.082 0.049 $ 1.59 $ 0.08 4.62% Jan 12, 2009 $1.77 1.672 0.100 0.056 $ 1.66 $ 0.11 6.08% Jan 19, 2009 $1.83 1.772 0.060 0.033 $ 1.76 $ 0.07 3.86% Jan 26, 2009 $1.81 1.832 -0.019 0.010 $ 1.82 $ (0.01) 0.66% Feb 02, 2009 $1.87 1.813 0.058 0.031 $ 1.81 $ 0.06 3.04% Feb 09, 2009 $1.90 1.871 0.026 0.014 $ 1.87 $ 0.03 1.67% Feb 16, 2009 $1.93 1.897 0.034 0.018 $ 1.89 $ 0.04 1.92% Feb 23, 2009 $1.87 1.931 -0.063 0.034 $ 1.93 $ (0.06) 3.17% Mar 02, 2009 $1.91 1.868 0.042 0.022 $ 1.87 $ 0.04 1.89% Mar 09, 2009 $1.92 1.910 0.008 0.004 $ 1.91 $ 0.01 0.61% Mar 16, 2009 $1.89 1.918 -0.033 0.018 $ 1.92 $ (0.03) 1.69% Mar 23, 2009 $1.94 1.885 0.059 0.030 $ 1.89 $ 0.06 2.87% Mar 30, 2009 $2.03 1.944 0.086 0.042 $ 1.94 $ 0.09 4.51% Apr 06, 2009 $2.01 2.030 -0.019 0.009 $ 2.02 $ (0.01) 0.49% Apr 13, 2009 $2.03 2.011 0.014 0.007 $ 2.01 $ 0.01 0.64% Apr 20, 2009 $2.03 2.025 0.006 0.003 $ 2.02 $ 0.01 0.36% Apr 27, 2009 $2.02 2.031 -0.015 0.007 $ 2.03 $ (0.01) 0.71%

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall. May 04, 2009 $2.05 2.016 0.029 0.014 $ 2.02 $ 0.03 1.35% May 11, 2009 $2.22 2.045 0.173 0.078 $ 2.04 $ 0.18 7.92% May 18, 2009 $2.28 2.218 0.063 0.028 $ 2.20 $ 0.08 3.53% May 25, 2009 $2.41 2.281 0.133 0.055 $ 2.27 $ 0.14 5.84% Jun 01, 2009 $2.50 2.414 0.088 0.035 $ 2.40 $ 0.10 4.08% Jun 08, 2009 $2.60 2.502 0.098 0.038 $ 2.49 $ 0.11 4.16% Jun 15, 2009 $2.64 2.600 0.039 0.015 $ 2.59 $ 0.05 1.89% Jun 22, 2009 $2.65 2.639 0.011 0.004 $ 2.63 $ 0.02 0.60% Jun 29, 2009 $2.59 2.650 -0.057 0.022 $ 2.65 $ (0.06) 2.14% Jul 06, 2009 $2.56 2.593 -0.030 0.012 $ 2.60 $ (0.04) 1.39% Jul 13, 2009 $2.48 2.563 -0.084 0.034 $ 2.57 $ (0.09) 3.53% Jul 20, 2009 $2.41 2.479 -0.068 0.028 $ 2.49 $ (0.08) 3.18% Jul 27, 2009 $2.46 2.411 0.049 0.020 $ 2.42 $ 0.04 1.68% Aug 03, 2009 $2.51 2.460 0.051 0.020 $ 2.46 $ 0.06 2.20% Aug 10, 2009 $2.60 2.511 0.085 0.033 $ 2.51 $ 0.09 3.49% Aug 17, 2009 $2.58 2.596 -0.016 0.006 $ 2.59 $ (0.01) 0.27% Aug 24, 2009 $2.57 2.580 -0.008 0.003 $ 2.58 $ (0.01) 0.34% Aug 31, 2009 $2.55 2.572 -0.019 0.007 $ 2.57 $ (0.02) 0.78% Sep 07, 2009 $2.52 2.553 -0.034 0.013 $ 2.55 $ (0.04) 1.43% Sep 14, 2009 $2.50 2.519 -0.020 0.008 $ 2.52 $ (0.02) 0.94% Sep 21, 2009 $2.48 2.499 -0.022 0.009 $ 2.50 $ (0.02) 0.98% Sep 28, 2009 $2.43 2.477 -0.052 0.021 $ 2.48 $ (0.05) 2.24% Oct 05, 2009 $2.40 2.425 -0.029 0.012 $ 2.43 $ (0.03) 1.44% Oct 12, 2009 $2.43 2.396 0.036 0.015 $ 2.40 $ 0.03 1.34% Oct 19, 2009 $2.53 2.432 0.100 0.039 $ 2.43 $ 0.10 4.08% Oct 26, 2009 $2.64 2.532 0.109 0.041 $ 2.52 $ 0.12 4.52% Nov 02, 2009 $2.66 2.641 0.019 0.007 $ 2.63 $ 0.03 1.16% Nov 09, 2009 $2.63 2.660 -0.033 0.013 $ 2.66 $ (0.03) 1.14% Nov 16, 2009 $2.59 2.627 -0.042 0.016 $ 2.63 $ (0.04) 1.74%