DECEMBERISSUE
HAVE YOY HEARD THE NEWS?
Statistics allow psychologists to present data in ways that are easier to comprehend. Visual displays such as graphs, pie charts, frequency distributions, and scatterplots make it possible for researchers to get a better overview of the data and to look for patterns that they might otherwise miss.
Monthly Newsletter
Vol.05
EXPLORE
GO,
CONTENTS MODERATION DEFFINITION CONCEPTUAL FORM STATISTICS FORM psychstats.com MEDIATION DEFINITION CONCEPTUAL FORM STATISTICS FORM PATH ANALYSIS DEFFINITION MODEL FACTOR ANALYSIS DEFFINITION MODEL
MODERATION
MODERATION
A moderator is a third variable that influences the strength or direction of a relationship between two variable
CONCEPTUAL FORM OF MODERATION
MODERATOR M
STATISTICAL FORM OF MODERATION
MODERATOR M
PREDICTOR X DEPENDENT Y (MODERATOR M)* (PREDICTOR X)
The presence of Moderation is confirmed by a statistically significant p-value for the interaction between Moderator and Predictor
PREDICTOR X DEPENDENT Y
SITUATION 1: The variable X predicts variables Y, but only in the presence of Moderator M.
SITUATION 2: The variable X is normally a predictor of Y, but becomes and insignificant predictor in the presence in the presence of Moderator M.
MODERATION: WHY IS IT DONE?
It is done on variables that have been established to be in a predictive relationship. It allows for revisiting of established theory in a new context.
NEWS PSYCH COURSES STATSTICS
as
which then
Mediation is simply running many simple linear regressions, one for each path. Then, comparing the magnitude of the regression each path in a ration. If a*b is significant (indirect effect), Mediation has occurred.
NEWS PSYCH COURSES STATISTICS
WHY IS IT DONE? STATISTICAL
OF MODERATION c path [ (a*b) + c] Total effect Indirect effect (a*b) c'path Direct effect PREDICTOR X DEPENDENT
MEDIATOR
apath bpath
A Mediator is a third variable that serves
the pathway of a predictive relationship between two variables. X predicts the mediator,
predicts Y. MEDIATION CONCEPTUAL FORM OF MODERATION MEDIATOR N PREDICTOR X DEPENDENT Y SITUATION 1: The variable X predicts variables Y, both directly and via Mediator N. SITUATION 2: The variable X predicts variable Y, only via Mediator N Mediation provides additional information to the elements of a process. It adds nuance and detail to an already established relationship. MEDIATION:
FORM
Y
N
NEWS PSYCH COURSES STATISTICS MULTIPLE MODERATION Multiple variables moderate the prediction of X on Y PREDICTOR X DEPENDENT Y We are creating complex models of behavior We see a complete picture of the web of interactions in a psychological system. DIFFERENT MODELS: WHY DO THESE MODELS EXIST? MODERATOR M MODERATOR P MULTIPLE MEDIATION PREDICTOR X DEPENDENT Y MEDIATOR 0 MEDIATOR N Multiple mediator provides indirect pathways between X and Y MODERATED MEDIATION MEDIATOR N MODERATOR M DEPENDENT Y PREDICTOR X A variable M moderates one of the indirect pathways of a mediation between X and Y MEDIATED MODERATION DEPENDENT Y PREDICTOR X MEDIATOR N MODERATOR M Predictor X also predicts a mediator N, which then predicts a moderator M between X and Y
PATH ANALYSIS
Insignificant arrows can be deleted from the model. Predictors can also be correlated with each other to see their Pearson's R value within the diagram
C
PATH ANALYSIS: WHY CHOOSE IT?
B
AD X Y It allows psychologists to test advanced hypotheses and connections Psychologists can fully understand how multiple psychological concepts interact in sequences It shows us the "flow"
FACTOR ANALYSIS
It looks at the overlap of multiple factors to see if they have a common dimension. The extent of each factor's impact per dimension is described by its factor loading.
TWO TYPES:
-EXPLORATORY: the researches has no working model year.
-CONFIRMATORY: the researches has a theoretical model of what dimensions to expect
ANALYSIS: WHY CHOOSE IT?
EQUATION MODELING (SEM)
To extract the dimensions within a psychological scale. It can be done in both standard SPSS, or graphically via SPSS AMOS FACTOR
Combining both factor and path analysis in a single model. It allows multiple items/measure to look at a variable in the path analysis. 'Pinnacle of psychological statistics. STRUCTURAL
Monthly Newsletter PSYCH STATS NEWS PAPER Vol.05 DECEMBERISSUE SUBMITTED BY: MARIA JULLIANA M. DELA CRUZ 2F3 BS PSYCHOLOGY GO, EXPLORE SUBMITTED TO: SIR PAUL ARCEGA
