NO
DE
Bicycle Pavilion
Maria Mourtzouchou S.W.A.T. 2017
Maria Mourtzouchou | Student No. 4621484 Tutors: Thaleia Konstantinou, Peter Mensinga
AR3B015 S.W.A.T.-Studio 3/11/2017
MSc Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences track Building Technology TU Delft Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Site Background & Information
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4
1.1 Challenges
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6
1.2 Potentials
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7
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8
2. Intervention 2.1 Phase 1
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10
2.2 Phase 2
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11
2.3 Phase 3
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12
2.4 Phase 4
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13
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14
2.1 Energy Mapping
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14
2.2 Green Transportation Network
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19
3. Energy Concept
4. Bicycle Pavilion Design 4.1 Location
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20
4.2 Design Evolution
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21
4.3 Plans
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4.4 Drawings
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27
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32
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35
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38
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42
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5. Green Facade 5.1 Detailing
6. PV Panels Covered Roof 6.1 Detailing
7. Metal Insulated Panel Walls 7.1 Detailing
1. Site Background & information The area of the intervention is in the southern part of Seville’s city center and is part of “Sur” and “Bellavista” districts and “Bami” and “Tabladilla” neighbourhoods accordingly (Figure 1). The major function of the area are the six hospitals with Virgen del Rocio (Figure 2) being the largest one not only in the area but in whole Andalucia. The amount of employees working for the hospitals and consequently having to commute there everyday is around 8000. The rest of the area consists of a residential part (Figure 4) southern of the Hospital Campus, some offices and some educational institutions. Important aspect is also that the train station (Figure 3) is located in the area and particularly next to the hospital. An overview of the existing functions and their locations can be seen in Figure 8. At the western side of the area is located the big University Campus “Reina Mercedes” which also means that a big additional amount of people is commuting towards the same direction from the city center. In conclusion, these aspects make it obvious that there is a big demand in transportation towards that area on daily basis.
figure 1: area’s location on seville’s map
figure 2: virgen del rocio hospital
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S.W.A.T. Studio | Site Background & Information
figure 3: train station
figure 4: residential area
Another worth mentioning aspect is the neighbourhood “Poligono Sur” at the eastern side of the area which is considered a gheto and dangerous to enter. People living there are excluded from social life of Seville and the city is looking for solutions to that problematic connection of the adjacent neighbourhoods. An aspect which makes this seperation of the neighbourhoods even stronger is the railway along their borders (Figures 5 &6 ) which forms a barrier between them. At last, it was also noticed that there are some areas that are abandoned or without use which were full of rubbish and thus
figure 5: railway barrier
unattractive, contaminated spots.
figure 6: wall along the railway
Offices Hospitals Educational institutions Abondoned/Unused areas figure 8: area’s existing functions
figure 7: abandoned/unused areas
S.W.A.T. Studio | Site Background & Information
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1.1 challenges After conducting all the previously mentioned research about the area and mapping the different aspects it was obvious that there were some challenges to face. First of all and most importantly the transportation network (Figure 9). As already mentioned, a lot of people need to access the area on a daily
Roads and rounds of urban distribution
basis and considering that there is a big traffic problem, the
Urban radial connecting roads
bicycle network should be improved. In Figures 10 and 11 can
Existing train rails
be seen the current disconnections and problematic bicycle lanes. Another challenge is undeniably the connection of the neighbourhoods and how to cross the barrier of the railway line. Finding a solution to the current situation would mean at the same time improvement of the mobility network. In order to support these changes, the abandoned areas could be used to incorporate new functions that would upgrade the
Network of bicycle paths Port railway General system of public facilities and networks Logistical area of port Urban parks and green zones Parking lots
area and make it more attractive for people to visit.
figure 9: existing accessibility & mobility network
figure 11: problematic bicycle lanes
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S.W.A.T. Studio | Site Background & Information
figure 10: network disconnections
1.1 potentials Nevertheless there were also some potentials to take advantage of. One of them is undeniably the existing bicycle network of Seville (Figure 12) which is already around 160km and is expanding rapidly. It may has some disconnections as already mentioned, however, the current infrastructure is promising and has potential to turn Seville into a bicycle-dominant city. Another aspect worth considering for the design proposal is the new park “Nuevo Parque Guadaira� (Figure 13) at the southern end of the intervention area, the biggest part of which is already constructed. The residents of five different neighbourhoods already take advantage of this green area and surely it is an area worth visiting.
figure 12: existing bicycle network
figure 13: Nuevo parque guadaira
S.W.A.T. Studio | Site Background & Information
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2. Intervention The railway along the streets Calle Luis Rosales & Calle Castillo de Baños de la Encina is creating a barrier between the adjacent neighbourhoods. “NO-DE” project intends to turn this road into a promenade with a bicycle highway and walkway introducing small scale interventions with the aim of social coherence. The final aim is to connect the city center in the north with “Nuevo Parque Guadaira”, south of the area (Figure 14). In addition, the project intends to connect the adjacent neighbourhoods which right now are seperated by the barrier of the railway. This will be a first step to connect two neighbourhoods of different social backgrounds. The district at the eastern part of the area is considered a ghetto and people are scared to enter. The aerial walkway will create nodes connecting important parts of the two neighbourhoods giving people opportunities to meet. These connections were created with the following steps: -Determine logical connections -Give function to empty areas -Shape the connections -Crossing the barrier Thus the barrier could be turned into a space of social inclusion. Another important aspect of “NO-DE” project is to expand the bicycle network that already exists making the area easily accessible for employees and people having to make a visit to the hospital. The intention of the programmatic uses (Figure 15) is to make people aware of the benefits of bicycle use. In this way, social interaction, a healthy lifestyle, and a cleaner and safer environment are promoted. Focus is especially put on the part where the hospital and the train station are because of the importance of mobility connections. This project will be realised in phases which imply logical steps to be taken until the final vision is achieved.
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S.W.A.T. Studio | Intervention
figure 14: intervention concept - making connections
figure 15: general overview of intervention proposal
S.W.A.T. Studio | Intervention
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2.1 Phase 1 The first phase focuses on educating people about the benefits of bicycle use in order to understand that everyone will have benefits. Transportation times can be reduced substantially, the environment will be improved by lower CO 2 emissions and people will have a healthier lifestyle. Small actions will be taken to make the start for the next phases to follow. These will be extending the bicycle network (Figure 17), adding bicycle parking spots, introducing speed bumps and lowering speed limits where needed, for example next to schools (Figure 16). Thus, children can learn from an early age how to read the traffic signs and use the bicycle with safety which will lead to an educated next generation ready to adapt to a bicycledominant transportation system.
figure 16: street view after phase 1
Existing bicycle network New bicycle lanes First needed bicycle parking spots Future bicycle parking spots Elevated promenade figure 17: expansion of bicycle network
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S.W.A.T. Studio | Intervention
2.2 Phase 2 The second phase will be about small scale interventions spread in the whole area, the locations of which can be seen in Figure 20. These are for example bicycle pavilions to provide parking spots (Figure 18), bicycle maintenance shops, traffic parks to educate people, skate parks, small constructions to provide meeting points and shading at the same time (Figure 19), small-scale lightweight constructions for cultural events and exhibitions.
figure 18: Bicycle pavilion - parking spot
figure 19: canopy providing shading in front of the Hospital figure 20: Location of small scale constructions
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2.3 Phase 3 The third phase is one of the most important of the “NO-DE” project. A new train station is proposed, the shape of which is strongly correlated with Seville’s motto sign with the intention to become one of the city’s landmarks and therefore a reason to attract people to visit the southern part of the city. The location of the train station is the most important node of the area where all the connections intersect (Figures 21 & 22). The new train station will be the same height as the old one with the difference that highway ramps will be created connecting the city center with the southern part and the hospital with the eastern part (Figure 22). Next to the new train station there is proposed a new multi-storey parking building for both bicycles and cars. In the beginning more space will be given to cars but in the future the functions of the building can be changed to adapt to the new needs (Figure 23). There can be for example need for a shared car parking or an electric car parking. The ground floor will be used for commercial and
figure 21: street view of new train station
cultural functions which will again promote social interaction.
figure 23: section of the multi-storey parking building
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S.W.A.T. Studio | Intervention
figure22: new train station
2.4 Phase 4 The fourth and last phase is the highway connecting directly the city center with the intervention area and the new attractions like the new train station and the Park “Nuevo Parque Guadaira”. This highway is integrating a bicycle lane, a big area for pedestrians to walk and enjoy the city views as well as various other uses along it (Figure 24). In this way, people will be tempted to make stops, use the ramps to access the different sides and take advantage of the new facilities constructed already in phase 2. Except for that the highway will reduce substantially transportation times making the access to the hospital much easier for the citizens of Seville. After the completion of the final phase it is believed that the city will have a much greener and bicycle friendly outlook which means that the “NO-DE” will expand outside the borders of “Bami” and “Tabladilla” neighbourhoods. The conection of the highway promenade with the city center can be seen in figure 25.
figure 24: street view of new highway
figure 25: street view of new highway towards the city center
S.W.A.T. Studio | Intervention
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3. energy concept 3.1 Energy mapping The first step before formulating an energy concept for the area was to research about climatology of Seville. This meant minimum and maximum temperatures, relative humidity percentages, rainfall quantity, wind speeds etc. After gathering all that data and creating graphs some interesting conclusions were made. Firstly, Seville is the warmest city of Europe which means temperatures are not extremely low and especially in summer they can become extremely high (Figure 26). This implied that there is a high solar potential (Figure 27). Second, relative humidity is also high making the outdoor environment even more uncomfortable especially when the temperature is really high leading to actual temperatures over 40 oC. Third, wind speed is really low
figure 26: Climatology data for seville
so there would be no potential in using it for energy production in Seville.
figure 27: solar potential for seville - Amsterdam compared
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S.W.A.T. Studio | Energy Concept
The next step in order to come up with an energy concept
(kWh/m 2/y)
for the area was to map the existing network of energy flows
150
which would show supply and demand. Firstly, the basic
Offices
infrastructure was made (Figure 28) to see how the area is powered, how water is supplied and where the streams flow.
100 Healthcare
It was noticed that the basic infrastructure networks of water
Education
and electricity supply are at the borders of the area. 50
Right after, focus was put on the project area and maps of the electricity (Figure 29) usage, heat demand (Figure 30) and cold
Residential
demand (Figure 31) were created. This was necessary in order to 0
be aware and evaluate the potentials, deficiencies and needs of the area. In this way all these facts would lead to an energy
figure 29: electricity usage
strategy which would be directly connected to the local needs.
(kWh/m 2/y)
After conducting research about the area, two interesting
80
aspects were noticed: first there are six hospitals located which have a very big energy demand in electricity and heat
60
but surprisingly not in cold. On the other hand the residential
Healthcare Education
part seems to have opposite demands so it was obvious that an energy exchange could be a potential strategy to follow.
40
Residential Offices
20 0 figure 30: heat demand
Sanitation: network of basic infrastructure
(kWh/m 2/y) 80
Water supply: network of basic infrastructure 60
Connection network between main deposits
Healthcare
Underground lines of high voltage
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Existent electrical substations
Education Residential (Apartment)
20
New electrical substations Rainwater pumping stations figure 28: existing energy network
Residential (Single family) Offices
0 figure 31: cold demand
S.W.A.T. Studio | Energy Concept
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3.2. green transportation network The final energy concept (Figure 32) was evolved in a way that would support the intervention design concept for the area. Consequently, the outcome was a combination of the available area’s resources and the design concept proposed. The project “NO-DE� is about turning the car dominant transportation network of Seville into a bicycle and public transport
oriented
one.
The
bicycle
network
is
mainly
developed in the northern part of the city and the southern part, where Tabladilla and Bami neighbourhoods are, has some disconnections. The car takes a lot of space, consumes a lot of energy and produces a lot of greenhouse gases. The energy concept developed aims to reduce car use and thus CO2 emissions. Another big challenge in Seville is the mitigation of the urban heat island effect, which greatly increases the cooling demand in summer. Adding trees and other plants and finding other measures, such as use of water (Figure 33) or materials with high reflectivity to minimize this heat island effect are an important part of the strategy. The addition of more greenery will also create a more pleasant urban environment, complementing the strategy of promoting different modes of transport than
figure 32: energy concept step-by-step strategy
cars.
figure 33: rainwater collection used for evaporative cooling
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S.W.A.T. Studio | Energy Concept
In order to achieve this reduction, the aim is to expand the bicycle infrastructure, introduce e-bikes and a new tram line. The intervention proposed includes a promenade with a highway bicycle lane and a walkway, along which various activities are spread, like a traffic park or a skate park. Since the temperatures reached as well as the solar potential are very high in Seville, it was decided to cover this highway with a canopy covered with PV cells (Figure 34). This canopy could work as a shading system while producing electricity of 4 320 MWh/year. This electricity production initially leads to a CO2 reduction of 2 272 tons/year. If this electricity is then used to power an e-bike network and tram lines (Figure 35), which would reduce car usage throughout Sevilla, this could eventually lead to an even greater reduction in greenhouse gas production.
PV panels biomass
In a larger scale, looking at the area’s uses, it was obvious that
digester
there is a high potential for biomass use. So, biomass from
Combined Heat Power
food waste of hospitals/houses/offices/schools/supermarket,
figure 34: area’s energy concept overview
from sewage and from residues of the area’s greenery is used as source and with the aid of a digester can be converted into biogas through the process of anaerobic digestion. The biogas can then be used as source for a combined heat and power unit and produce heat and electricity (Figure 34). The electricity produced is calculated to be 464 MWh/year and could be used to power the new tram lane (Figure 36). The heat produced is calculated to be 555 MWh/year and could be used
Area: 12000m 2 Electricity production: 4320 MWh/year CO2 reduction: 2272 tons/year
for the hospital Virgen del Rocio which has currently a high heat demand. This energy concept will lead to a CO2 reduction
figure 35: PV Cells on highway Canopy concept
of 538 tons/year.
Location: Virgen del Rocio Hospital Electricity production: 464 MWh/year Heat production: 555 MWh/year CO2 reduction: 538 tons/year figure 36: Biomass CHP Unit concept
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4. Bicycle Pavilion design A small-scale construction from phase 2 of project “NO-DE� was chosen to be developed further. This construction is a bicycle pavilion for which is currently a major need in Seville since the use of bicycles is increasing and there are not enough bicycle parking spots. Except for bicycle parking, the uses of a bicycle maintenance shop and a cafe are incorporated. Focus is put on Facade and Climate design and how both influenced the design process and thus the final design of the pavilion.
Bicycle Parking
Bicycle Maintenance
Cafe
4.1 location There were proposed various locations in the area for these kind of constructions, however, the one chosen (Figure 38) is of great importance since it is in the area of the Hospital “Virgen del Rocio”. As already mentioned there is a big amount of people in need to reach the hospital in daily basis either to work or visit. Thus, the construction of a bicycle pavilion is meant to ease this everyday routine. “Virgen del Rocio” is a big hospital campus so the pavilion will be placed in an area which currently is unused as shown in Figure 37. The masterplan of the hospital with the new pavilion can be seen in Figure 39.
figure 37: virgen del rocio unused space
figure 39: masterplan - “Virgen del rocio” campus with bicycle pavilion
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S.W.A.T. Studio | Bicycle Pavilion Design
figure 38: Location choice of Pavilion on map
4.2 DESIGN EVOLUTION A first rough design of the pavilion was made during the intervention proposal as can be seen in Figure 40 and was kept as starting point for further development. Various changes were made according to the needs of the programmatic uses in relation to the specific location. One of the first ones was the extension of the ramp to create a smoother inclination for the bikers that would not exceed 5%. In addition, since the roof would be covered with PV Panels as proposed by “NODE� project, it was tilted to the south to ensure maximum performance. Moreover, since a cafe and maintenance shop should be incorporated, part of the design should be closed.
figure 40: pavilion after intervention phase
figure 41: pavilion after design decisions
After those changes the pavilion looked as in Figure 41. One of the most important aspects was the placement of the pavilion on site so that the appropriate orientation for every design need would be chosen correctly. After doing a first radiation analysis (Figure 42) it was shown that the inclined roof to the south offers the maximum kWh/m 2. In addition, the closed parts would be favoured if also placed to the south since they can be benefited by the solar irradiation in the winter and be shaded in the summer by the ramp since the sun is in a higher position.
figure 42: results of first radiation analysis
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As far as the facade is concerned one of the first ideas about the design concept of the pavilion was to create a green facade since there was no need to have a closed one for the bicycle parking. This decision led to the need of an additional structure which would wrap the pavilion in order for the plants to grow. At that stage it was decided that the main structure of the pavilion would be out of metal in order to be lightweight and have a uniform appearance with the metal green facade components. The floor will be a composite slab of profiled steel decking filled with concrete (Figure 43) while the roof will be constructed without the concrete layer to be more lightweight. The design at that stage was as shown in Figure 44.
figure 43: composite floor slab
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S.W.A.T. Studio | Bicycle Pavilion Design
figure 44: first visualisation of the pavilion with the green facade
Conducting some research about green facades structures (Figure 45) and precedent projects like MFO Park in Zurich (Figure 46) the main and secondary structure were designed. The roof was again changed and actually enlarged and extented at the southern side because there would be created a weird angle of the external structure that would also cause insufficient height at the highest point of the ramp as shown in Figure 47.
figure 45: Greening wall on steel scaffolding, Cannon Avent Company, Norfolk, UK
figure 47: problematic angle with first wrap for green facade facade
figure 46: MFO Park, Raderschall architekten, zurich , switzerland
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Radiation analysis was conducted again for the design with the new roof (Figure 48) which actually was also kept as final design. The analysis showed even better results as the extension of the roof decreased the radiation level on the ramp especially at the south because it is partially shaded by the roof. In winter the shops take advantage of the sun while in the summer they remain shaded. The results of the roof remained the same but since the surface became bigger this would be in favour of the electricity production by the PV Panels.
figure 48: results for radiation analysis of final design
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S.W.A.T. Studio | Bicycle Pavilion Design
A visualisation of how the final pavilion design with the green facade additional components on the outside will look like can be seen in Figure 49. The whole pavilion was wrapped by the green facade net and structure except for the southern ground level where the entrance to the ramp and the shops are in order for people to perceive its uses and access it easily. At this part the plants will grow on the columns and find their way to the first level where the grid starts again.
figure 49: final pavilion design visualisation
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4.3 plans The bicycle pavilion is a small construction with only one floor. The ground floor consists not only of bicycle spots but also of a cafe and a maintenance shop to assist bicycle users (Figure 52). The first floor is purely used for bicycle parking (Figure 53). There are 432 bicycle parking spots in total by using hi-density bicycle racks (Figure 50). A ramp around the pavilion is leading the bikers to the first floor, nevertheless there are also stairs in the middle for quicker access either for those leaving or for those who come to pick their bicycle.
Bicycle Parking Spots Walkway Clearance
figure 50: HI-DENSITY BICYCLE RACK
figure 51: AVERAGE BICYCLE DIMENSIONS
Exterior Ramp
figure 52: ground floor plan - scale 1:250
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S.W.A.T. Studio | Bicycle Pavilion Design
figure 53: first floor plan - scale 1:250
figure 54: roof plan - scale 1:250
4.4 drawings The dimensions of the pavilion were determined by the ones of a bicycle (Figure 51) and more specifically the distance someone needs to move around with the bicycle and the area a bicycle needs to be stored. So the design is based on circles with the same center point. The first one with the stairs has a 2 meters radius and every next circle has an additional 2 meters radius. This means 2 meters for bicycle parking spots, 2 meters for walkway clearance, 2 meters again for the next row of parking spots and finally 2 meters for the ramp. The exterior facade structure is placed at the edge of the ramp except for the southern part with the shops which is enlarged by 1 more meter in order to offer more space.
7.5m 19m 4m
7m
7.5m
2.5m
D7
D11
3m
3m
D2
D1
4m 16m 21m figure 55: section - scale 1:100
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4.5 elevations
figure 56: south facade - scale 1:100
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S.W.A.T. Studio | Bicycle Pavilion Design
figure 57: north facade - scale 1:100
S.W.A.T. Studio | Bicycle Pavilion Design
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figure 58: east facade - scale 1:100
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S.W.A.T. Studio | Bicycle Pavilion Design
figure 59: west facade - scale 1:100
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5. green facade The bicycle pavilion had no need for a closed facade so a green facade with climbing plants was chosen. In this way, almost all the bicycles will be shaded so that the frames’ material is protected from the sun. Providing some vertical meters of green in a hospital area will lead to a healthier environment since vegetation is capturing fine particulate matter. Besides, it will be an aesthetic enhancement of the facade. The type chosen with the climbing plants is called twiningclimbing type and it was preferred because in Seville it is so dry and hot that only plants with roots in the ground can survive and remain green. For this facade type, mesh support, such as a net is installed around the structure to let twining vines hold on to the support. The mesh size is between 30-40cm and the material should be water resistant, moisture and impact resistant. The green facade system chosen by Jacob is out of stainless steel and is illustrated in details 1-4 and Figures 64-67.
figure 60: mediterranean hardleaf evergreen zone with winter rainfall
As far as the choice of plants is concerned there is a big variety to choose from according to local weather conditions. The climate zone where Seville belongs is the Mediterranean Hardleaf Evergreen Zone with winter rainfall (Figure 60). Such zones are characterised by hot, dry summers and mild humid winters while light frosts are exceptional. A great variety of climbers and wall shrubs flourish there which include for example Bougainvillea and many Passifloras. However, watering during the summer months is essential. This is why it was decided to collect the rainwater of the pavilion’s roof, water the plants and provide a cooling mist for the facade leaves (Figure 61). For this reason a gutter is put around half of the roof since it is already inclined so the water flows naturally to the lower part. The roof surface is 270m 2 and taking into account Seville’s amount of rainfall, the amount of rainwater that can be collected in a year is around 156m 3. figure 61: rainwater collection system
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S.W.A.T. Studio | Green Facade
Another aspect that can be taken into account for the green
On the other hand, the parts which are colored by a higher
facade design is to keep the grid mesh on which the plants
saturation of blue indicate that shading is very desirable. The
will grow only at the spots where the pavilion will be benefited
Shade Benefit Analyses showed that the deepest blue parts
because of shading. Conducting a Shade Benefit Analysis
are located at the western side especially during the summer
(Figure 62) showed that shading the southern side would be
period. The white parts are neutral which means that they
harmful which means that it will block more helpful winter sun
would be neither benefited nor harmed if shaded.
than harmful summer sun, Those parts are colored by a higher saturation of red. So again this result indicates that placing the shops to the south where the facade should be completely open was the right choice.
figure 62: shade benefit anaysis for green facade grid
S.W.A.T. Studio | Green Facade
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figure 63: visualisation of the pavilion with the green facade looking to the outside
5.1 detailing
300
300
Wire rope d=4mm
Adjustable suspension rope clamp
Adjustable cross
300
1880
clamp
Thread end
Greenguide trellis work with tensioner ďŹ ttings
Spacer basket UPN 140 detail 1: green facade scale 1:5
750
S.W.A.T. Studio |
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D4
Adjustable cross
Adjustable cross
clamp
clamp
tensioning range 8mm [make longer]
Wire rope d=4mm
24mm [make shorter]
300
300
Wire rope d=4mm
Tensionable end connector Tensionable end connector figure 64: tensionable end connector
with tensioner ďŹ ttings with tensioner ďŹ ttings
300
300
1880
1880
Greenguide trellis work Greenguide trellis work
D3
300
300
150
150
50
detail 2: green facade attachment - scale 1:20
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S.W.A.T. Studio | Green Facade
detail 3: green facade attachment starting point - scale 1:5
150
Spacer basket
Spacer basket
UPN 140
UPN 140
Circular hollow section Circular hollow section column d=140mm
column d=140mm
Base plate
Base plate
Top of concrete
Top of concrete
foundation
foundation figure 65: Greenguide trellis work with tensioner fittings
Adjustable cross clamp figure 66: adjustable cross clamp
Circular hollow section column d=140mm Wire rope d=4mm
Adjustable suspension rope clamp Spacer basket UPN 140
detail 4: green facade attachment intermediate point - scale 1:5
figure 67: adjustable suspension rope clamp
S.W.A.T. Studio | Green Facade
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6. pv panels covered roof One of “NO-DE” project’s proposals was the use of e-bikes which would be powered by PV Panels integrated on the roofs of the
winter
spring/autumn
summer
30 o
53 o
76 o
new constructions. This is the reason why this design idea was taken into account from the beginning of the design process. As already shown the roof was flat in the beginning because it was a standard design, however since location was chosen alterations had to be made to ensure the highest performance. Taking into account the optimum tilt of PV Panels for Seville (Figure 68) the roof of the bicycle pavilion was tilted 14 o to the south since summer is the longest period of the year and also extremely hot. The design of the roof changed twice because of the additional exterior structure to hold the green facade. For
figure 68: optimum tilt of solar panels for seville
this reason the roof was enlarged and extended at its lowest southern part. In Figure 70 can be seen that the radiation can reach 1893.41 kwh/m . The roof surface is 270m 2 and the electricity that can be produced yearly is 50690kWh (Figure 69). On th other hand, a common electric bicycle setup is a 36V battery and 15A controller so approximately it needs 500W. This means that the electricity produced by the PV Panels can power 101380 e-bikes per year or 277 per day which is more than half the pavilion can store.
figure 69: pv pANELS’ YEARLY ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
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S.W.A.T. Studio | PV Panels Covered Roof
figure 70: all year radiation analysis
6.1 detailing The PV Panels chosen for the roof are frameless (Figure 72) so that a seamless result would be achieved and the roof will have a uniform black appearance. The space between the attachments is only 2cm which is barely visible from far away or eye-level. For the attachment of the PV Panels on the roof S-5-PV Kit and EdgeGrabTM are used. The S-5-PV Kit features a new stainless steel mounting disk with twelve nodes designed to ensure the module-to-module conductivity of anodized aluminum module frames. This means it automatically provides a ground path in the module frame. No lugs or wire are required except to connect one string of modules to another and to ground the system. S-5-PV Kit and EdgeGrabTM work on most exposed-fastened
figure 71: edgegrab tm detail for pv panels’ edge attachment on the roof
and corrugated metal roofs. The standard grab (Figure 74 and Detail 6) is designed to fit field conditions (two adjacent panels), while the new EdgeGrab (Figure 71 & 73 and Detail 5) is designed specifically for end conditions. The mounting disk is multi-directional and rails are not required. Four strategically placed under-disk hooks assist in wire management. The PV grab ears that hold the solar panel in place are broader to allow for ease of installation and precise module engagement.
figure 72: frameless pv panels
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figure 73: edgegrab tm detail for attachment of pv panels at end conditions
figure 74: S-5-PV Kit detail for attachment of adjacent Pv panels
PV Grab
EdgeGrab Serrated L-Flange
Module Placement Bevel Guide Mounting Disc Wire Management Hooks Clamp
detail 5: edgegrab tm detail for attachment of pv panels at end conditions - scale 1:5
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detail 6: S-5-PV Kit detail for attachment of adjacent Pv panels - scale 1:5
Frameless PV Panels Vapour control layer Seam metal rooďŹ ng
50
30
Gutter bracket detail
40
Trapezoid metal sheet
EdgeGrab TM for attachment
200
of PV Panels
Metal gutter Rainwater outlet I-Section roof rafter I-Section roof purlin
Spacer basket
UPN 140
Circular hollow section column d=140mm detail 7: roof detail - scale 1:5
S.W.A.T. Studio | PV Panels Covered Roof
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7. metal insulated panel walls
tal Insulated Panel The material chosen for the walls of the cafe and maintenance shop is Kingspan’s Optimo™ Smooth insulated metal panel (Figure 75 and Detail 9). It is a single component insulated with foam metal panel product, which provide air tightness, low thermal bridging, and thermal performance of high R-value. The exterior face is 22 Ga. Smooth Galvalume® wheras the core Horizontal Wall panel material consists of Polyisocyanurate (PIR) and it provides a support installation double tongue and groove interlocking rainscreen joint. The direction 2 o U-value is 0.15 W/m K at 24 C. This material was chosen because of the following advantages: 1. The core consists of continuous, rigid insulation offering superior airtightness performance. 2. The exterior skins contain a substantial amount of recycled content, and the panels themselves are recyclable. 3. It is simple to attach, reducing installation errors. Female Joint Male Joint
3mm Stainless Steel hidden fastener clip per panel, per support] Set clip in butyl sealant
6mm Hex Head fasteners without washer
Continuous butyl sealant
figure 75: Optimo™ Smooth insulated metal panel
Shadowline
Exterior face
Flat
100
Interior face
1067
42
S.W.A.T. Studio | Metal Insulated Panel Walls
Exterior cap trim
Metal Insulated Panel Metal Insulated Panel 7.1 detailing
Inside corner trim Continuous butyl Wall panel sealant at installation panel joint Wall panel direction Galvanised base angle installation for paneldirection fastening
Outside corner trim
Horizontal support Horizontal support
Insulation
Galvanised 2-hole hidden clip Set angle in bed of sealant
Male Joint Base trim Male Joint 3mm Stainless Steel hidden fastener clip 3mm Stainless Steel [1 per panel, per support] hidden fastener clip Set clip in butyl sealant [1 per panel, per support] Set clip in butyl sealant
Female Joint Female Joint 6mm Hex Head fasteners without 6mm Hex Head washer fasteners without washer
Continuous butyl sealant Continuous butyl sealant
Continuous butyl sealant
Attachment clip Horizontal support
detail 8: Panel connection detail - scale 1:5
detail 10: corner connection detail - scale 1:5
Shadowline
Interior face
Shadowline 100
100
Interior face
Exterior face Exterior face detail 9: Optimo™ Smooth insulated metal panel - scale 1:5
Flat 1067
Flat
1067
S.W.A.T. Studio | Metal Insulated Panel Walls
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50
Concrete floor
50
Trapezoid metal sheet
200
Mineral wool insulation
I-Section floor beam
Suspended ceiling system with gypsum boards
KNAUF CD 30x27x06 suspended I-Section purlin
secondary ceiling profile c/c 600mm
UPN 140
KNAUF CD 30x27x06 suspended main ceiling profile c/c 1200mm
Gypsum wall board Circular holow section column d=200mm Horizontal support I-Section purlin
OPTIMO TM Smooth Insulated
44
S.W.A.T. Studio |
Metal Wall Panel 100mm thick
detail 11: panel’s attachment to floor and pavilion’s structure - scale 1:5
Exposed sealant Continuous butyl sealant Interior cap trim Exterior cap trim
Inside corner trim Continuous butyl sealant at panel joint
Outside corner trim Framed opening
Galvanised base angle for panel fastening Galvanised 2-hole
Door/Window frame Insulation
hidden clip Set angle in bed of sealant Base trim
Exposed sealant Continuous butyl sealant Continuous butyl sealant InteriorAttachment cap trim clip Exterior cap trim Horizontal support
detail 12: roof detail - scale 1:5
Continuous butyl sealant at panel joint
Inside corner trim
detail 13: door/window connection detail - scale 1:5
Outside corner trim
Galvanised base angle for panel fastening Galvanised 2-hole
Insulation
hidden clip Set angle in bed of sealant
Continuous
S.W.A.T. Studio | Metal Insulated Panel Walls
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