Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica
Vegetation
175
vahliana, Eleocharis minutissima, Erythroxylum havanense, Eugenia biflora, Euphorbia ocymoidea, Furcraea cabuya, Guadua amplexifolia, Guaiacum sanctum, Hyptis brachiata, Ipomoea ophioides, Leptocoryphium lanatum, Lippia oxyphyllaria, Luziola fragilis, Lysiloma divaricatum, Manihot aesculifolia, Mentzelia aspera, Miconia albicans, Morisonia americana, Operculina pteripes, Orthopappus angustifolius, Panicum haenkeanum, P. stenodes, Paspalum minus, P. multicaule, P. standleyi, Pereilema crinitum, Polygonum acuminatum, Rhynchospora brevirostris, R. eximia, R. filiformis, R. globosa, R. holoschoenoides, R. tenerrima, Ruellia inundata, R. nudiflora, Schizachyrium sanguineum, Sciadodendron excelsum, Selenicereus wercklei, Setaria liebmannii, S. vulpiseta, Sorghastrum incompletum, Stenocereus aragonii, Streptogyna americana, Tetramerium nervosum, Tonina fluviatilis, Tournefortia volubilis, Trachypogon plumosus, and Trigonia rugosa. Some species found here are widespread dry forest elements, reaching also into the Osa and Burica Peninsulas, e.g.: Astronium graveolens, Brassavola nodosa, Cnestidium rufescens, Curatella americana, Inga vera, Licania arborea, Pseudobombax septenatum, Psychotria horizontalis, P. pubescens, Sterculia apetala, Trigonia rugosa, Triplaris melaenodendron, and Ximenia americana. On the other hand, close to 65 species are known in Costa Rica only from the lower basin of the Rio Grande de Terraba, among them Abutilon giganteum, Benjaminia reflexa, Billbergia macrolepis, Bonamia trichantha, Calycolpus warszewiczianus, Cassia moschata, Clitoria pinnata, Colubrina heteroneura, Croton skutchii, C. tonduzii, Eriochloa distachya, Gymnopogon fastigiatus, Inga bracteifera, Lindackeria laurina, Lonchocarpus cf. chiricanus, Ludwigia torulosa, Miconia chrysophylla, M. dolichorrhyncha, M. ibaguensis, M. matthaei, M. rubiginosa, Ocotea aurantiodora, Odonellia hirtiflora, Panicum caricoides, P. discrepans, Paratheria prostrata, Paspalum boscianum, P. lineare, P. stellatum, Pera oppositifolia, Piptocoma discolor, Porcelia magnifructa, Rhynchospora albescens, R. armerioides, R. pubera, Sagittaria rhombifolia, Scleria anceps, S. purdiei, Serjania grandis, S. grosii, S. paucidentata, Sporobolus piliferus, Thrasya hitchcockii, T. petrosa, T. trinitensis, Tynanthus croatianus, Utricularia myriocista, and Xylopia aromatica. It is also worth noting that the flora of this basin has certain affinities with that of the northern Caribbean zone, especially the Rio Sapoa basin and the Llanura de Los Guatusos. Some of the species in common with that region are Acrocomia aculeata, Attalea rostrata, Cochlospermum vitifolium, Copaifera aromatica, Enterolobium schomburgkii, Mayaca fluviatilis, Miconia chamissois, Palicourea triphylla, Schefflera morototoni, Tonina fluviatilis, Xylopia frutescens, Xyris jupicai, X. laxifolia, and many grasses and sedges. Also, some of the species of this area are shared with the northeastern part of the Mosquitia of Honduras and Nicaragua, which in the latter country reaches roughly to the southern limit of naturally occurring Pinus (N. Zamora V., pers. obs.). Yet other elements of this basin appear to have come from the South American savanna formations known as "cerrado," introduced along the western flanks of the Talamanca and Chiriqui massifs (Gomez R, 1986).