Calosha gi 1 15 web by MANCOMM

Recent changes in regulations: Section 3380: The Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board (Standards Board) updated the marking of personal protective equipment, and clarifying that all personal protective equipment must comply with applicable standards regardless if it is employee or employer provided. This amendment is in effect April 1, 2015. Sections 5620, 6165, 6180, 6181, 6182, 6183, 6184: The design and installation of the systems covered by these sections were updated to allow for local fire department codes to be applicable. This exception is in effect January 1, 2015. Section 1592: An omission of subsection (a)(2)(B) and a portion of (a)(2)(C) was restored. Section 3314: Subsections (h) and(i) were added, covering Group Lockout or Tagout and Shift/Personnel Changes to the requirement for Prime Movers. This change was operative October 1, 2014. Sections 5415-5624: The definitions, classifications, and requirements of “Combustible Liquid” and “Flammable Liquid” were revised and updated as necessary within this range of sections. These liquids no longer have “Class I, II, or III” combustible liquids. These liquids are now classified in Categories 1-4. This amendment was operative beginning May 6, 2014. Sections 3204, 5150, 5154, 5157, 5161, 5189, 5190, 5191, 5192, Article 109 App. A-G, 5197, 5198, 5200, 5201, 5202, 5206, 5207, 5208, 5208.1, 5209, 5210, 5211, 5212, 5213, 5214, 5215, 5217, 5218, 5219, 5220, : TThe Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board (Standards Board) updated the language of these standards to comply with Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals for Hazard Communication. Warning Labels and Signs were also updated accordingly. This amendment was effective starting May 6, 2014.

Sections 2940.2, 2940.7: The requirements for live-line work were updated, including distances for safe working and crane and derrick usage. These updates were effective July 1, 2014. Section 3384: Standards for hand protection were revised. This update was effective July 1, 2014. Section 4297: The definitions for “Band Knife” and “Band Saw” were amended. This update was effective July 1, 2014. Section 4355: Subsections (c)(2)-(3) were added to limit employee danger from compaction equipment. This update was effective July 1, 2014. Section 5155: Table AC-1 (Permissible Exposure Limits for Chemical Contaminants) was updated for the chemicals: ethylbenzene (Oct. 1, 2013), N-Methylpyrrolidone (April 1, 2014), napthalene (Oct. 1, 2014), and hydrogen chloride (Jan. 1, 2015). The date following each chemical is the operative date of the revision. Section 5199: Exceptions to respirator selection for Aerosol Transmittable Diseases were added for emergency medical personnel and for patient-enclosing systems. This update was effective October 1, 2014. Article 109 App. A: Requirements for Diacetyl Sampling were revised to include accreditation requirements with other accreditation programs. This update was effective October 1, 2013. Section 3329: The regulations for repairing, modifying or performing maintenance work has been updated. This update was effective October 1, 2013.

Disclaimer Although the author and publisher of this book have made every effort to ensure the accuracy and timeliness of the information contained herein, the author and publisher assume no liability with respect to loss or damage caused by or alleged to be caused by reliance on any information contained herein and disclaim any and all warranties, expressed or implied.

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Table of Contents

Title 8 - Industrial Relations

Article 1.5 Employer's Declaration of Abatement and Other Documentation of Abatement — Employee Notification — Posting Requirements 8 §340.4 Article 1.6 Adjudicative Hearings §340.40 - 340.52

Division 1 - Department of Industrial Relations

Article 3 Reporting Work-Connected Injuries §342 11

Subchapter 5 – Electrical Safety Orders Group 1 - Low-Voltage Electrical Safety Orders Article 1 Definitions §2300

Article 2 Administration §2305.1 - 2305.4

Article 3 Work Procedures §2320.1 - 2320.10

Article 4 Requirements for Electrical Installations §2340.1 - 2340.27

Article 5 Use and Identification of Grounded and Grounding Conductors §2350.2 22

Subchapter 1 - Regulations of the Director of Industrial Relations

Article 2 Advance Notice of Inspections §331 - 331.4

Article 10 Civil and Criminal Enforcement Policy of the Division of Occupational Safety and Health 12 §344.50 - 344.53

Chapter 3.2 California Occupational Safety and Health Regulations

Article 1 Definitions Under California Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1973 §330

Article 3 Citation, Notice, Special Order, Order to Take Special Action, Notice of No Violations After Investigation: Procedures 1 §332 - 332.4

Article 6 Branch Circuits §2360.1 - 2360.5

Article 4 Proposed Penalty Procedure §333 -336

Article 8 Outdoor Wiring §2375.1 - 2375.25

Article 4.5 Multi-Employer Worksites §336.10 - 11

Article 9 Services §2380.1

Article 10 Overcurrent Protection §2390.1 - 2390.81

Article 11 Grounding §2395.1 - 2395.114

Article 5 Hazardous Substances Information and Training 5 §337 - 339

Subchapter 2 - Regulations of the Division of Occupational Safety and Health 7 Article 1 Employers' Obligation to Provide Information to Employees §340 - 340.2

Article 12 Wiring Methods, Components, and Equipment for General Use. §2400.1 - 2400.2 7

Article 13 Temporary Wiring §2405.1 - 2405.4

Article 15 Cable Trays §2418.2 - 2418.6

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Article 16 Open Wiring on Insulators §2420.3 - 2420.7

Article 76 Sound Recording and Similar Equipment 48 §2564.1 - 2564.6

Article 45 Cabinets, Boxes, and Fittings §2473.1 - 2473.2

Article 77 Information Technology Equipment §2565.2 - 2565.3

Article 47 Switches [Repealed] §2480.3 - 2480.9

Article 77.1 X-Ray Equipment §2566.1 - 2566.3

Article 48 Switchboards and Panelboards §2484.3 - 2484.24

Article 77.2 Induction and Dielectric Heating Equipment 49 §2567.1 - 2567.3

Article 48.1 Enclosures for Damp or Wet Locations 30 §2485.1 - 2485.2 Article 49 Flexible Cords and Cables §2500.7 - 2500.25

Article 50 Fixture Wires §2505.2 - 2505.12

Article 79 Swimming Pools, Fountains and Similar Installations §2569.1 - 2569.51

Article 80 Emergency Power Systems §2571.1 - 2571.30

Article 82 Electrolytic Systems §2580.1 - 2580.6

Article 83 Electrolytic Cells §2583.1 - 2583.8

Article 51 Lighting Fixtures, Lampholders, Lamps and Receptacles §2510.1 - 2510.58 Article 52 Appliances §2522.2 - 2522.32

Article 53 Fixed Electric Space Heating Equipment 32 §2524.1 - 2524.65

Article 54 Fixed Outdoor Electric De-Icing and Snow Melting Equipment §2526.1 - 2526.50

Article 84 Carnivals, Circuses, Fairs, and Similar Events §2584.1 - 2584.8

Article 55 Fixed Electric Heating Equipment for Pipelines and Vessels §2527.1 - 2527.55

Article 85 Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 Remote Control, Signaling, and Power-Limited Circuits §2585.1 - 2585.3

Article 86 Fire Alarm Systems §2586.1 - 2586.4

Article 87 Communications Systems §2587.1 - 2587.5

Article 88 Solar Photovoltaic Systems §2588.1 - 2588.3

Article 89 Integrated Electrical Systems §2589.1 - 2589.2

Article 56 Motors, Motor Circuits and Controllers §2530.4 - 2530.121 Article 57 Transformers and Transformer Vaults (Including Secondary Ties) §2533.1 - 2533.2

Article 58 Capacitors §2534.2 - 2534.8

Article 58.1. Storage Batteries §2535.1

Article 59 Hazardous (Classified) Locations §2540.1 - 2540.11

Article 1 Definitions §2700 55

Article 60 Oil and Gas Wells §2548.21 - 2548.26

Article 2 Administration §2703 - 2709

Article 69 Places of Assembly §2551.1 - 2551.3

Article 3 General §2710 - 2718.1

Article 70 Theaters and Similar Locations §2552.1 - 2552.72

Article 4 Service and Service Entrance Equipment §2719 - 2732

Article 5 Grounding of Systems and Circuits §2734 - 2738

Article 72 Motion Picture Projectors §2554.1 - 2554.50

Article 6 Grounding §2739.0 - 2743

Article 73 Electric Signs and Outline Lighting §2560.2 - 2560.10

Article 7 General Requirements — Wiring Methods 65 §2745.0 - 2751

Article 74 Cranes and Hoists §2561.1 - 2561.55

Article 8 Cabinets, Boxes, and Fittings §2752 - 2754.2

Article 9 Open Wiring (Bare) §2755 - 2758

Article 10 Conduit §2760 - 2762

Article 71 Motion-Picture Studios and Similar Locations §2553.1 - 2553.66

Article 74.1 Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators, Moving Walks, Wheelchair Lifts, and Stairway Chair Lifts 48 §2562.1 - 2562.7 Article 75 Electric Welders §2563.22 - 2563.33

Article 78 Electrically Driven or Controlled Irrigation Machines 49 §2568.2 - 2568.16

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Group 2 – High-Voltage Electrical Safety Orders

Article 11 Metal-Enclosed Bus §2764 2773

Article 43 Integrated Electrical Systems §2989.0 - 2989.1

Subchapter 7 – General Industry Safety Orders

Article 13 Metal-Clad Cable §2781 - 2787.1

Article 14 Portable (Flexible) Cable §2789 - 2795

Article 15 Temporary Wiring §2796 - 2799.6

Article 16 Vertical Suspension of Cables §2801 - 2803

Article 17 Enclosures For Electrical Installations §2805 2813

Article 1 Definitions §3207

101

Article 18 Conductors §2815 - 2821

Article 2 Standard Specifications §3209 - 3239

103

Article 19 Outdoor Wiring §2823 - 2831

Article 3 Special Design Requirements §3241 - 3251

111

Article 20 Interrupting and Isolating Devices §2832 - 2855

Article 4 Access, Work Space, and Work Areas §3270 - 3278

112

Article 5 Window Cleaning §3281 - 3291

120

Article 26 Metal-Enclosed Power Switchgear and Industrial Control Assemblies §2857 - 2871 Article 27 Transformers §2873 - 2878 Article 28 Rotating Machinery and Its Control Apparatus §2880 - 2885

74 75

Introduction §3200 - 3206

Group 1 – General Physical Conditions and Structures

Article 6 Powered Platforms and Equipment for Building Maintenance §3292 3299

129

Group 2 – Safe Practices and Personal Protection

Article 7 Miscellaneous Safe Practices §3300 - 3341

145

Article 29 Capacitors §2887 - 2894

Article 8 Labor Camps §3350

152

Article 30 Resistors and Reactors §2896 - 2898

Article 9 Sanitation §3360 - 3368

152

Article 31 Lightning Arresters §2900 - 2904 Article 32 Mobile and Portable Equipment §2906 - 2912

Article 33 Mine and Tunnel Installations §2914 - 2923

Article 34 Hazardous (Classified) Locations §2925

Article 35 Workspace and Guarding §2930 - 2936

Article 36 Work Procedures and Operating Procedures §2940 - 2945

Article 37 Provisions for Preventing Accidents Due to Proximity to Overhead Lines §2946 - 2949

Article 38 Line Clearance Tree Trimming Operations 90 §2950 - 2951 Article 39 Signs and Outline Lighting — Exceeding 600 Volts 91 §2970 - 2974

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Table of Contents

Article 12 Continuous Rigid Cable Supports (Cable Trays) 67 §2775 - 2779

Article 42 Induction and Dielectric Heating Equipment §2987.0 - 2987.1

Article 10 Personal Safety Devices and Safeguards §3380 - 3400

154

Article 10.1 Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment for Fire Fighters §3401 - 3411

159

Article 11 Outdoor Advertising Structures §3412 - 3416

164

Group 3 – General Plant Equipment and Special Operations Article 12 Tree Work, Maintenance or Removal §3420 - 3427

165

Article 13 Agricultural Operations §3436 - 3458.1

168

Article 14 Marine Terminal Operations §3459 - 3475

172

Article 15 Vats, Pans, Bins, Bunkers, Hoppers, and Similar Containers and Vessels §3480 - 3482

178

Article 40 Electronic News Gathering §2980 - 2983

Article 17 Engines and Compressors §3511 - 3518

179

Article 41 Communications Systems §2985.0 - 2985.2

Article 19 Automotive Lifts §3541 - 3549

180

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iii

Article 20 Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Equipment §3555 - 3564

180

Article 21 Use, Care, and Protection of Abrasive Wheels §3575 - 3583

182

Group 4 – General Mobile Equipment and Auxiliaries

227

Article 59 Woodworking Machines and Equipment 227 §4296 - 4324 Article 60 Refuse and Trash Collection Equipment 232 §4342 - 4345 Article 61 Compaction Equipment §4350 - 4355

233

Article 64 Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Mills §4401 - 4428

235

Article 23 Mobile Ladder Stands and Scaffolds (Towers) §3620 - 3627

191

Article 24 Elevating Work Platforms and Aerial Devices §3636 - 3648

192

Article 25 Industrial Trucks, Tractors, Haulage Vehicles, and Earthmoving Equipment §3649 - 3668

195

Article 27 Transportation of Employees and Materials §3700 - 3710

202

Article 68 Leather and Composition Goods Machines 240 §4510 - 4522

Article 29 Industrial Railroads §3730 - 3741

203

Article 69 Food and Tobacco Machinery §4530 - 4559

241

Article 31 Gantry Trucks (Straddle Carriers) §3801 - 3809

205

Article 70 Chemical Industry Machines §4565 - 4570

243

Article 35 Amusement Rides §3900 - 3920

206

Article 71 Rubber and Composition Working Machines §4580 - 4592

Article 37 Purpose, Definitions and Standards §3940 - 3945

209

Article 41 Prime Movers and Machinery §3995 - 4002

211

Article 43 Shafting, Collars, Clutches, Cut-Off Couplings and Clutch Pulleys §4050 - 4051

211

Article 44 Pulleys §4060 - 4063

212

Article 45 Belt and Pulley Drives §4070 - 4071

212

Article 47 Power Disconnecting Devices §4086

Article 67 Laundry and Dry Cleaning Equipment §4480 - 4494

240

244 245

Article 73 Stone, Clay, and Glass Working Machines 245 §4625 - 4626 Article 74 Cotton Gins and Seed Cotton Processing Machines §4640 - 4647

245

Group 9 – Compressed Gas and Air Equipment Article 76 Compressed Gas and Air Cylinders §4649 - 4650 Article 78 Safety Relief Devices for Compressed Gas Containers §4657

247

Article 80 Purpose and Definitions §4794 - 4795

249

212

Article 81 General §4797 - 4799

249

Article 54 Scope and General Definitions §4184 - 4188

213

Article 55 Power Operated Presses §4189 - 4208.1

216

§4208.1 Appendix A Requirements for Certification/ Validation of Safety Systems 222 §4210 - 4216

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238

212

Group 8 – Points of Operation and Other Hazardous Parts of Machinery

Article 56 Metal Working Machines §4227 - 4243

Article 66 Textiles §4456 - 4476

Group 10 – Gas Systems for Welding and Cutting

§4071 212 Article 46 Gears, Friction Drives, Sprockets, and Chains §4075 - 4076

Article 65 Paper Converting and Printing Machines 238 §4431 - 4445

Article 72 Plastic Processing Machinery §4600 - 4601

Group 6 – Power Transmission Equipment, Prime Movers, Machines, and Machine Parts

Article 57 Die Casting Machines §4261 - 4266

225

Article 82 Stationary Automatic Acetylene Generators §4803 - 4813

249

Article 83 Portable Automatic Acetylene Generators §4815 - 4816

250

Article 84 Calcium Carbide §4818 - 4819

250

Article 85 Service Piping for All Gases §4821 - 4828

251

Article 86 Manifolding of Cylinders to Headers for Shop Pipe Line Supply Systems and Pressure Reducing Regulators and Hose

252

§4834 - 4840

Article 88 Fire Prevention in Welding and Cutting Operations §4848

253

Group 11 – Electric Welding Article 90 Electric Welding, Cutting and Heating §4850 - 4853

§4884 257

Article 92 Cranes (Except Boom-Type Mobile Cranes) §4886 - 4913

Article 110 Regulated Carcinogens §5200 - 5220

461

Article 111 Fumigation §5221 - 5223

637

257

265

Article 113 Explosive Materials §5236 - 5248

639

Article 114 Storage of Explosive Materials §5251 - 5258

642

Article 115 Transportation of Explosive Materials §5262 - 5270

643

Article 116 Handling and Use of Explosive Materials in Blasting Operations 649 §5276 - 5308 Article 118 Explosives for Well Service Industry §5311 - 5314

655

Article 93 Boom-Type Mobile Cranes §4920 - 4944

268

Article 94 Hydraulic Cranes and Excavators §4945 - 4955

270

Article 119 Manufacturing and Processing of Explosive Materials §5319 - 5330

Article 95 Derricks §4960 - 4964

271

Article 120 Blasting Agents §5340 - 5348

658

Article 96 Tower Cranes §4965 - 4969

271

Article 121 Snow Avalanche Blasting §5349 - 5358

659

Article 122 Ammonium Nitrate Storage §5359 - 5363

663

Article 97 Hoists, Auxiliary Hoisting Equipment and Hoisting Operations 272 §4970 - 4987 Article 98 Operating Rules §4990 - 5009

273

Article 99 Testing §5020 - 5028

278

Article 100 Inspection and Maintenance §5031 - 5035

279

Article 101 Slings §5040 - 5049

280

Article 123 Small Arms Ammunition, Small Arms Ammunition Primers, Smokeless Propellants, and Black Powder Propellants §5370 - 5374

656

664

Group 20 – Flammable Liquids, Gases, and Vapors Article 134 Definitions §5415

665

Article 135 General §5416 - 5420

666

Article 136 Dip Tanks §5426 - 5439

667

295

Article 137 Spray Coating Operations §5445 - 5461

669

Article 103 Actinic Radiation §5078 - 5079

295

Article 138 Hydrogen §5465 - 5498

674

Article 104 Nonionizing Radiation §5085

295

Article 139 Oxygen §5500 - 5509

677

Group 14 – Radiation and Radioactivity Article 102 Standards for Protection Against Radiation §5075 - 5076

Group 15 – Occupational Noise and Ergonomics 297

Article 140 Electrical Equipment §5530

679

Article 105 Control of Noise Exposure §5095 - 5100, Appendix A-F

680

Article 106 Ergonomics §5110

302

Article 141 Container and Portable Tank Storage §5531 - 5543 Article 142 Industrial Plants §5545 - 5551

682

Article 143 Processing Plants §5554 - 5562

683

Article 144 Service Stations §5565 - 5581

684

Article 145 Tank Storage §5583 - 5605

687

Group 16 – Control of Hazardous Substances Article 107 Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors and Gases §5139 - 5155 Article 108 Confined Spaces §5156 - 5158

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Group 18 – Explosive Materials 255

Group 13 – Cranes and Other Hoisting Equipment Article 91 Definitions §4885

Article 109 Hazardous Substances and Processes 352 §5160 - 5199.1

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Article 87 Operating Procedure §4845

303 342

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Article 146 Piping, Valves and Fittings §5606 - 5612

693

Article 147 Bulk Plants §5614 - 5624

694

Article 148 Refineries, Chemical Plants, Wineries and Distilleries §5629

696

Group 26 – Diving and Pressurized Worksite Operations Article 152 Diving Operations §6050 - 6058

697

Article 153 Commercial Diving Operations §6059 - 6063, Appendix A, B

701

Article 154 Pressurized Worksite Operations §6070 - 6120

703

Group 27 – Fire Protection Article 156 Definitions §6150

707

Article 157 Portable Fire Extinguishers §6151

708

Article 158 Standpipe and Hose Systems §6165

709

Article 159 Automatic Sprinkler Systems §6170

710

Article 160 Fixed Extinguishing Systems §6175

710

Article 161 Fixed Extinguishing Systems, Dry Chemical §6180

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711

Article 162 Fixed Extinguishing Systems, Gaseous Agents §6181

711

Article 163 Fixed Fire Extinguishing Systems — WaterSpray and Foam-Water Sprinkler Systems 711 §6182 Article 164 Fire Detection Systems §6183

712

Article 165 Employee Alarm Systems §6184

712

Chapter 7 - Division of Labor Statistics and Research

Subchapter 1 - Occupational Injury or Illness Reports and Records Article 1 Reporting of Occupational Injury or Illness §14000 - 14007

713

Article 2 Employer Records of Occupational Injury or Illness §14300 - 14300.48

714

Addendum Cal/OSHA District Offices (Enforcement) Directory Operating Rules for Industrial Trucks Safety and Health Protection on the Job Sharps Injury Log Repealed and Renumbered Sections Index

727 728 729 730 731 733

Chapter 3.2 California Occupational Safety and Health Regulations (CAL/OSHA)

Chapter 3.2 – California Occupational Safety and Health Regulations1 Subchapter 1 – Regulations of the Director of Industrial Relations Article 1 Definitions Under California Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1973

Article 2 Advance Notice of Inspections §331 Advance Notice. The intent of these regulations is the complete avoidance of the advance notice to employers of pending inspections or investigations unless there are important advantages in performance of inspections to be gained by the Division of Occupational Safety and Health. Any advance notification not allowed under these rules may constitute a violation of Labor Code Section 6321, punishable by a fine of not more than $1,000 or by imprisonment for not more than six months, or by both. §331.1 When Advance Notice Justified. (a) Except when the investigation or inspection is to be made as the result of an employee complaint, situations justifying advance notice include the following: (1) Situations of apparent imminent danger where prompt abatement is essential; (2) Situations when, to be effective, the inspection must be arranged to assure availability of essential personnel or access to the site, equipment, or process; (3) Other situations where, in the judgment of the Chief or his designee, the giving of advance notice is advantageous for achieving a thorough inspection. (b) When the investigation or inspection is to be made as the result of an employee complaint, advance notice is to be authorized only if the situation appears to present imminent danger to the health or safety of an employee or employees. §331.2 Time of Advance Notice. The lapse of time between advance notice and the inspection shall not exceed a minimum that is consistent with the reason for such notice. In no instance will advance notice be given more than 24 hours prior to the scheduled inspection or investigation except in unusual circumstances, where imminent danger exists or where practical considerations mandate a longer period. §331.3 Notification to Employee Representative. Any employer receiving advance notice shall promptly inform the employee representative of this fact, if there is one. §331.4 Arrangement for Inspection. The employer receiving advance notice shall make any necessary arrangements at his place of business so that the inspection can proceed on schedule as planned.

Article 3 Citation, Notice, Special Order, Order to Take Special Action, Notice of No Violations After Investigation: Procedures §332 Form of Citation. The citation form shall set forth: (a) The name of the employer, the employer's address and the workplace inspected; (b) The nature of the violation, in specific terms with reference to the provision of the code, standard, regulation or order alleged to have been violated; (c) Time allowed for correction of alleged violation; (d) Rights of employees respecting the time fixed for correction of violations; (e) Posting requirements (f) Time within which an employer may contest a citation; and (g) Such other information as the Division of Occupational Safety and Health deems appropriate for clear understanding of the form issued. §332.1 Issuance of Notice. (a) If, after an inspection or investigation, the Division determines that a violation exists which is not classified as willful, serious, repeated, or related to a failure to abate, the Division may issue a Notice in lieu of citation if either of the following requirements are met: (1) The violation does not bear a direct relationship upon employee safety or health, or; (2) The violation bears a direct, but not immediate relationship upon employee safety or health, and is general or regulatory in nature. (b) The Notice may be issued only if the criteria set forth in subdivision (a) hereof are satisfied, and in addition thereto, the employer agrees to abate the violative condition within a reasonable time as determined by the Division and agrees that the Notice will not be

1. Please note that only selected sections of Chapter 3.2 are printed in this edition. For the complete regulations, please visit www.caloshaccr.com

Ch 3.2 California Occupational Safety and Health Regulations

§330 Definitions. In this chapter unless otherwise specifically indicated: (a) "Chief” means the Chief Administrative Officer of the Division of Occupational Safety and Health. (b) "Working days” means Mondays through Fridays but shall not include Saturday, Sunday or State Holidays. In computing 15 working days, the day of receipt of any notice shall not be included, and the last day of the 15 working days shall be included. (c) "Inspection” means any inspection of an employer's factory, plant, establishment, construction site, or other area, workplace or environment where work is performed by an employee of an employer and includes any inspection conducted pursuant to a complaint, any reinspection, or follow-up inspection. (d) "Code” means the California Labor Code. (e) "Order” included within the term "order" are the General Orders adopted by the Industrial Safety Board or the Industrial Accident Commission, Rules and Regulations promulgated by the Director of the Department of Industrial Relations and the Division of Occupational Safety and Health, decisions, requirements and orders made by the Division of Occupational Safety and Health. (f) "Carcinogen” includes the following recognized cancer causing substances for which standards have been adopted: (1) Any of the following substances and any compound, mixture, or product containing such substances: (A) 2-acetylaminofluorene. (B) 4-aminodiphenyl. (C) Benzidine (and its salts). (D) Bis (chloromethyl) ether. (E) 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine (and its salts). (F) 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene. (G) Beta-naphthylamine. (H) 4-Nitrobiphenyl. (I) N-nitrosodimethylamine. (J) Beta-propriolactone. (K) Methyl chloromethyl ether. (L) Alpha-naphthylamine. (M) 4,4'-Methylenebis (2-Chloroaniline.) (N) Ethyleneimine. (2) Asbestos, including chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, anthophyllite, and actinolite. (3) Vinyl chloride. (4) 1,2- dibromo -3 chloropropane (DBCP). (5) Coke oven emissions (6) Acrylonitrile. (7) Inorganic Arsenic. (8) Ethylene Dibromide (EDB) (9) Ethylene Oxide (10) Any other substance for which standards are adopted and in effect due to cancer causing properties and any compound, mixture, or product containing such a substance, except as specifically exempted from such standards. (g) "Order To Take Special Action” means any order written by the Chief or his or her authorized representative which requires the employer to comply with applicable provisions of Division 5 of the California Labor Code, or with specific standards, orders or regulations of the Standards Board whose enforcement upon the employer are at the discretion of the Division (h) "Serious injury or illness” means any injury or illness occurring in a place of employment or in connection with any employment which requires inpatient hospitalization for a period in excess of 24 hours for other than medical observation or in which an employee suffers a loss of any member of the body or suffers any serious degree of permanent disfigurement, but does not include any injury or illness or death caused by the commission of a Penal Code violation, except the violation of Section 385 of the Penal Code, or an accident on a public street or highway.

§332.1 (b)

Article 4

Chapter 3.2 California Occupational Safety and Health Regulations (CAL/OSHA)

appealed. The agreement shall be indicated by the signature of the employer, or authorized employer representative, on the Notice itself. (c) A Notice shall not be issued if the number of first instance violations, either general or regulatory, is 10 or more. §332.2 Issuance of Special Order. If upon inspection or investigation the Division determines that an unsafe condition, device, or place of employment poses a threat to the health and safety of an employee which cannot be made safe under existing standards or orders of the Standards Board the Division may issue a special order. §332.3 Issuance of Order to Take Special Action. After inspection or investigation the Division may require the employer to comply with applicable provisions of Division 5 of the California Labor Code or with specific standards or orders of the Standards Board whose enforcement upon the employer are at the discretion of the Division. §332.4 Posting of Citation, Special Order, Order to Take Special Action, and Notice of No Violation After Investigation. Citations issued pursuant to Labor Code Section 6317, Special Orders or Orders to Take Special Action issued pursuant to Labor Code Section 6308, and Notices of No Violation After Investigation issued pursuant to Labor Code Section 6318, or copies thereof, shall be posted at or near the referenced site of the violation or condition giving rise to the citation or order. The posted Citation, Special Order, Order to Take Special Action, or Notice of No Violation After Investigation shall be positioned so as to be easily read by employees working nearby. All postings shall be maintained for a period of three working days or until the unsafe condition is abated, whichever is longer.

Article 4 Proposed Penalty Procedure §333 Notice of Proposed Assessment of Civil Penalties. Where a civil penalty is indicated, the Division shall after, or concurrent with the issuance of a citation, and within a reasonable time after the date the violation occurred, notify the employer by certified mail of the civil penalty proposed by the Division respecting the item(s) set forth as violation(s) in the citation. Any citation and/or Notice of Proposed Civil Penalty shall be deemed to be the final order of the Appeals Board, not subject to review by or appeal to any court or agency, unless within 15 working days from the date of the receipt of such citation or such notice of proposed civil penalty, the employer notifies the Appeals Board in writing of his intention to contest the citation and/or the civil penalty, with respect to violations alleged by the division, abatement periods, amount of proposed penalties, and the reasonableness of the changes required by the division to abate the condition. §334 Classification of Violations and Definitions. For purposes of penalty assessments, violations of occupational safety and health standards, violations of California Health and Safety Code Sections 2950 and 25910, orders, special orders and regulations are classified as follows: (a) Regulatory Violation — is a violation, other than one defined as Serious or General that pertains to permit, posting, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements as established by regulation or statute. For example, failure to obtain permit; failure to post citation, poster; failure to keep required records; failure to report industrial accidents, etc. (b) General Violation — is a violation which is specifically determined not to be of a serious nature, but has a relationship to occupational safety and health of employees. (c) Serious Violation. (1) A "serious violation" shall be deemed to exist in a place of employment if there is a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result from a violation, including, but not limited to, circumstances where there is a substantial probability that either of the following could result in death or great bodily injury: (A) A serious exposure exceeding an established permissible exposure limit or (B) A condition which exists, or from one or more practices, means, methods, operations, or processes which have been adopted or are in use, in the place of employment. (2) Notwithstanding subsection (c)(1), a serious violation shall not be deemed to exist if the employer can demonstrate that it did not, and could not with the exercise of reasonable diligence, know of the presence of the violation.

(3) As used in subsection (c)(1), "substantial probability" refers not to the probability that an accident or exposure will occur as a result of the violation, but rather to the probability that death or serious physical harm will result assuming an accident or exposure occurs as a result of the violation. (4) For Carcinogens — is a violation of any standard, order, or special order respecting the use of a carcinogen, as defined in 8 California Code of Regulations 330(f). However, the violation shall not be considered serious if the employer can demonstrate that he did not, and could not with the exercise of reasonable diligence, know of the presence of the violation or he can demonstrate that the Division should have determined that the violation was minor and resulted in no substantial health hazard. (d) Repeat Violation (1) General — is a violation where the employer has corrected, or indicated correction of an earlier violation, for which a citation was issued, and upon a later inspection is found to have committed the same violation again within a period of three years immediately preceding the latter violation. For the purpose of considering whether a violation is repeated, a repeat citation issued to employers having fixed establishments (e.g., factories, terminals, stores . . .) will be limited to the cited establishment; for employers engaged in businesses having no fixed establishments (e.g., construction, painting, excavation . . .) a repeat violation will be based on prior violations cited within the same Region of the Division. (2) Field Sanitation Violations — Is a violation of the State Field Sanitation Standard, currently set forth in 8 CCR 3457, or of the Federal Field Sanitation Standard, currently set forth in 29 CFR 1928.110, where the employer has corrected, or indicated correction of an earlier violation, for which a citation was issued, and upon a later inspection is found to have committed the same violation within a period of five years immediately preceding the latter violation. For the purpose of considering whether a violation is repeated, a repeat violation will be based on prior violations cited within the State. (e) Willful Violation — is a violation where evidence shows that the employer committed an intentional and knowing, as contrasted with inadvertent, violation, and the employer is conscious of the fact that what he is doing constitutes a violation of a safety law; or, even though the employer was not consciously violating a safety law, he was aware that an unsafe or hazardous condition existed and made no reasonable effort to eliminate the condition. (f) Abatement Date — is the date by which the employer is allowed and required to correct the condition constituting the violation. §335Factors Considered in Assessing Civil Penalties. In the assessment of civil penalties, the following factors shall be considered: (a) The Gravity of the Violation — the Division establishes the degree of gravity of General and Serious violations from its findings and evidence obtained during the inspection/investigation, from its files and records, and other records of governmental agencies pertaining to occupational injury, illness or disease. The degree of gravity of General and Serious violations is determined by assessing and evaluating the following criteria: (1) Severity. (A) General Violation. i. When the safety order violated pertains to employee illness or disease, Severity shall be based upon the degree of discomfort, temporary disability and time loss from normal activity (including work) which an employee is likely to suffer as a result of occupational illness or disease which could result from the violation. Depending on the foregoing, Severity shall be rated as follows: LOW — No time loss from work or normal activity; or minimum discomfort. MEDIUM — Loss of part or all of a day from work or normal activity including time for medical attention; or moderate temporary discomfort. HIGH — Loss of more than one day from regular work or normal activity including time for medical attention; or considerable temporary discomfort. ii. When the safety order violated does not pertain to employee illness or disease, Severity shall be based upon the type and amount of medical treatment likely to be required or which would be appropriate for the type of injury

Article 4 - Proposed Penalty Procedure

Except as set forth in parts (2) through (6) of this subsection, a minimum proposed penalty of $500, representing the gravity of the violation, shall be assessed against employers who commit Regulatory violations. The proposed penalty shall be adjusted for Size, Good Faith, and History; however, an abatement credit shall not be granted. (2) For Carcinogens — A minimum proposed penalty of $1,000 for all carcinogen standard regulatory violations, other than reporting use violations, representing the gravity of the violation, shall be assessed against the employers who commit such violations. The proposed penalty shall be adjusted for Size, Good Faith and History; however, an abatement credit shall not be granted. (3) For Carcinogens Failure to Report Use. Any employer who violates a reporting requirement respecting the use of a carcinogen as defined in Title 8 of the California Code of Regulations section 330(f), shall be assessed a minimum proposed civil penalty of $2,500. The proposed penalty shall be adjusted for Size, Good Faith, and History; however, an abatement credit shall not be granted. (4) For Violation of Permit or Registration Requirements. Any employer who violates the permit requirements of article 2, Permits — Excavations, Trenches, Construction and Demolition, and The Underground Use of Diesel Engines in Work in Mines and Tunnels, commencing with section 341 of Title 8 of the California Code of Regulations, or the Registration requirements of article 2.5, Registration — Asbestos-Related Work commencing with section 341.6 of Title 8 of the California Code of Regulations, shall be assessed a minimum proposed civil penalty of $1,250. The proposed penalty shall be adjusted for Size, Good Faith, and History; however, an abatement credit shall not be granted. (5) For Violation of Elevator Permit and Posting Requirements. Any person owning or having custody, management, or operation of an elevator who operates any such elevator without a valid permit, or who fails to post the permit as required, may be assessed a civil penalty pursuant to the provisions of this article of up to $1000. (6) For Failure to Report Serious Injury or Illness, or Death of an Employee — Any employer who fails to timely report an employee's injury or illness, or death, in violation of section 342(a) of Title 8 of the California Code of Regulations, shall be assessed a minimum penalty of $5,000. (b) General Violation — Any employer who violates any occupational safety and health standard, order or special order and such violation is determined to be a General violation (as provided in section 334(b) of this article) may be assessed a civil penalty of up to $7000 for each such violation. Gravity of a General Violation — The Base Penalty of a General violation is determined by evaluating Severity (as provided in section 335(a)(1)(A) of this article). If the Severity is: LOW — The Base Penalty shall be $1,000. MEDIUM — The Base Penalty shall be $1,500. HIGH — The Base Penalty shall be $2,000. The Base Penalty for the General violation determined under this subsection is then subjected to an adjustment for Extent (as provided in section 335(a)(2) of this article). If the Extent is: LOW — 25% of the Base Penalty shall be subtracted. MEDIUM — No adjustment shall be made. HIGH — 25% of the Base Penalty shall be added. The Base Penalty for the General violation thus far determined is further subjected to an adjustment for Likelihood (as provided in section 335(a)(3) of this article). If Likelihood is: LOW — 25% of the Base Penalty shall be subtracted. MEDIUM — No adjustment shall be made. HIGH — 25% of the Base Penalty shall be added. The resulting figure is called the Gravity-based penalty. (c) Serious Violation (1) In General — Any employer who violates any occupational safety and health standard, order, or special order, and such violation is determined to be a Serious violation (as provided in section 334(c)(1) of this article) shall be assessed a civil penalty of up to $25,000 for each such violation. Because of the extreme gravity of a Serious violation an initial base penalty of $18,000 shall be assessed. The Base Penalty for the Serious violation determined under this subsection is then subjected to an adjustment for Extent (as provided in section 335(a)(2) of this article). If the Extent is: LOW — 25% of the Base Penalty shall be subtracted. MEDIUM — No adjustment shall be made. HIGH — 25% of the Base Penalty shall be added.

Ch 3.2 California Occupational Safety and Health Regulations

that would most likely result from the violation. Depending on such treatment, Severity shall be rated as follows: LOW — Requiring first-aid only. MEDIUM — Requiring medical attention but not more than 24-hour hospitalization. HIGH — Requiring more than 24-hour hospitalization. (B) Serious Violation. The Severity of a Serious violation is considered to be HIGH. (2) Extent. i. When the safety order violated pertains to employee illness or disease, Extent shall be based upon the number of employees exposed: LOW — 1 to 5 employees. MEDIUM — 6 to 25 employees. HIGH — 26 or more employees. ii. When the safety order violated does not pertain to employee illness or disease, Extent shall be based upon the degree to which a safety order is violated. It is related to the ratio of the number of violations of a certain order to the number of possibilities for a violation on the premises or site. It is an indication of how widespread the violation is. Depending on the foregoing, Extent is rated as: LOW — When an isolated violation of the standard occurs, or less than 15% of the units are in violation. MEDIUM — When occasional violation of the standard occurs or 15-50% of the units are in violation. HIGH — When numerous violations of the standard occur, or more than 50% of the units are in violation. (3) Likelihood. Likelihood is the probability that injury, illness or disease will occur as a result of the violation. Thus, Likelihood is based on (i) the number of employees exposed to the hazard created by the violation, and (ii) the extent to which the violation has in the past resulted in injury, illness or disease to the employees of the firm and/or industry in general, as shown by experience, available statistics or records. Depending on the above two criteria, Likelihood is rated as: LOW, MODERATE OR HIGH (b) The Size of the Business of the Employer — is based upon the number of individuals employed at the time of the inspection/ investigation. Size of the Business is evaluated based upon the following classifications of the number of persons employed: 10 or fewer employees. 11 to 25 employees. 26 to 60 employees. 61 to 100 employees. More than 100 employees. (c) The Good Faith of the Employer — is based upon the quality and extent of the safety program the employer has in effect and operating. It includes the employer's awareness of CAL/OSHA, and any indications of the employer's desire to comply with the Act, by specific displays of accomplishments. Depending on such safety programs and the efforts of the employer to comply with the Act, Good Faith is rated as: GOOD — Effective safety program. FAIR — Average safety program. POOR — No effective safety program. (d) The History of Previous Violations — is the employer's history of compliance, determined by examining and evaluating the employer's records in the Division's files. Depending on such records, the History of Previous Violations is rated as: GOOD — Within the last three years, no Serious, Repeat, or Willful violations and less than one General or Regulatory violation per 100 employees at the establishment. FAIR — Within the last three years, no Serious, Repeat, or Willful violations and less than 20 General or Regulatory violations per 100 employees at the establishment. POOR — Within the last three years, a Serious, Repeat, or Willful violation or more than 20 General or Regulatory violations per 100 employees at the establishment. For the purpose of this subsection, establishment and the threeyear computation, shall have the same meaning as in Section 334(d) of this Article. §336 Assessment of Civil Penalties. Civil penalties for Regulatory, General, Serious, Repeat, Willful, and Failure to Abate violations shall be assessed in the following manner: (a) Regulatory Violation — (1) In General — Any employer who commits any Regulatory violation (as provided in Section 334(a) of this article) shall be assessed a civil penalty of up to $7000 for each such violation.

§336 (c)

Article 4

Chapter 3.2 California Occupational Safety and Health Regulations (CAL/OSHA)

The Base Penalty for the Serious violation thus far determined is further subjected to an adjustment for Likelihood (as provided in section 335(a)(3) of this article). If Likelihood is: LOW — 25% of the Base Penalty shall be subtracted. MEDIUM — No adjustment shall be made. HIGH — 25% of the Base Penalty shall be added. The resulting figure is called the Gravity-based penalty. (2) For Carcinogens — Any employer who violates any occupational safety and health standard, order, or special order respecting the use of a carcinogen, and such violation is determined to be a Serious violation (as provided in section 334(c)(4) of this article) shall be assessed a total civil penalty of $2000 for each such violation. This penalty is not subject to adjustment. (3) Serious Violation Causing Death or Serious Injury, Illness or Exposure — If the employer commits a Serious violation and the Division has determined that the violation caused death or serious injury, illness or exposure as defined pursuant to Labor Code section 6302, the penalty shall not be reduced pursuant to this subsection, except the penalty may be reduced for Size as set forth in subsection (d)(1) of this section. The penalty shall not exceed $25,000. (4) Operation of an Elevator in an Unsafe Condition or in Violation of an Order Prohibiting Use. Any person owning or having custody, management or operation of an elevator who operates or permits the operation of the elevator in a condition which is dangerous to life or the safety of any person, or who operates or permits the operation of the elevator in violation of any Order Prohibiting Use issued by the Division, may be assessed a civil penalty pursuant to the provisions of this article of up to $2000. (5) For Tower Cranes — Any employer who violates any tower crane standard, order or special order and such violation is determined to be a serious violation (as provided in section 334(c)(1) of this article) shall be assessed a penalty of $2,000. The penalty shall not be subject to adjustment as set forth in subsections (d) and (e) of this section. (d) Further Adjustment of Regulatory, General, and Serious Violations — Subject to the provisions of parts (5) through (9) of this subsection, the Gravity-based Penalty established under either subsection (a), (b) or (c) of this section, shall be appropriately adjusted by giving due consideration to the following factors: (1) The Size of the Business If the Size of the Business (as provided under section 335(b) of this article) is: 10 or fewer employees — 40% of the Gravity-based Penalty shall be subtracted. 11-25 employees — 30% of the Gravity-based Penalty shall be subtracted. 26-60 employees — 20% of the Gravity-based Penalty shall be subtracted. 61-100 employees — 10% of the Gravity-based Penalty shall be subtracted. More than 100 employees — No adjustment shall be made. (2) The Good Faith of the Employer — If the Good Faith of the Employer (as provided under section 335(c) of this article) is: GOOD — 30% of the Gravity-based Penalty shall be subtracted. FAIR — 15% of the Gravity-based Penalty shall be subtracted. POOR — No adjustment shall be made. (3) The History of Previous Violations — If the employer's History of Compliance (as provided under section 335(d) of this article) is: GOOD — 10% of the Gravity-based Penalty shall be subtracted. FAIR — 5% of the Gravity-based Penalty shall be subtracted. POOR — No adjustment shall be made. Following the preceding adjustments of the Gravity-based Penalty, the resultant penalty is termed Adjusted Penalty. (4) If an employer cited for a violation of a safety and health provision within title 8 of the California Code of Regulations was, at the time of citation, making a good faith effort to abate the alleged violation, pursuant to written recommendations of a Consultant of the CAL/OSHA Consultation Service, the following penalty adjustments may apply: (A) General Violation. All penalties assessed for such General violations may be waived by the Division. (B) Serious Violation. All penalties for such Serious violations may be subject to an additional adjustment reducing the proposed penalty 50%.

(5) Serious Violations Respecting the Use of a Carcinogen — The penalty for any Serious violation respecting the use of a carcinogen as set forth in subsection (c)(2) of this section is not subject to adjustment pursuant to this subsection and shall not be otherwise reduced. (6) Regulatory Violations of the Permit and Registration Requirements — The minimum penalty for any Regulatory violation of the permit or registration requirements as set forth in subsection (a)(4) of this section is $250. (7) Serious Violations Causing Death or Serious Injury, Illness or Exposure — Subject to the provisions of subsection (c)(3) of this section, the penalty for any Serious violation determined by the Division to have caused death or serious injury, illness or exposure as defined pursuant to Labor Code section 6302, shall not be adjusted pursuant to this subsection, except for Size set forth in part (1) of this subsection. (8) Injury Prevention Program — The penalty for any Serious violation shall not be subject to adjustment pursuant to this subsection other than for Size as set forth in part (1) of this subsection where the employer does not have an operative injury prevention program as set forth in Labor Code section 6401.7 and applicable regulations of the California Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board. (9) False Declarations of Abatement — Subject to the provisions of subsection (e) of this section, where it is determined after reinspection that the employer has not complied with the abatement requirements of the Division and employer has previously submitted a statement affirming compliance therewith, the recomputed penalty shall not be adjusted pursuant to this subsection, except for Size as set forth in part (1) of this subsection. (10) No civil penalty shall be assessed against any new employer for a period of one year after the date the new employer establishes a business in the state for a regulatory or general violation of the Injury and Illness Prevention Program Standard adopted pursuant to Labor Code section 6401.7 and applicable regulations of the California Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board, if the employer has made a good faith effort to comply with the requirement set forth therein. (11) No civil penalty shall be assessed against an employer who adopts, posts, and implements in good faith the Model Injury and Illness Prevention Program for Non-High-Hazard Employment prepared by the Division for a first violation of the Injury and Illness Prevention Program standard adopted pursuant to Labor Code section 6401.7 and applicable regulations of the California Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board. (12) For an employer who commits a repeat violation (as provided under section 334(d) of this article), the penalty shall not be subject to adjustment pursuant to this subsection, other than for Size as set forth in part (1) of this subsection. (e) Abatement Credit for General and Serious Violations — The Adjusted Penalty for General and Serious violations is reduced by 50% on the presumption that the employer will correct the violations by the abatement date. The resultant penalty is termed Proposed Penalty. The following types of violations are not subject to an abatement credit: (1) Violations designated as Repeat or Willful; (2) Serious violations for which extent and likelihood are rated high; (3) Serious violations respecting the use of a carcinogen; and (4) Serious violation causing death or serious injury, illness or exposure as defined pursuant to Labor Code section 6302. (f) Penalty for Failure to Abate Regulatory, General or Serious Violations — If the employer fails to abate the violation by the date permitted for its correction or fails to submit to the Division a signed statement of abatement of a violation within ten working days of the date set by the Division for correction of the violative condition, any abatement credit extended pursuant to subsection (e) of this Section shall be rescinded and this amount assessed as part of the failure to abate penalty. In addition, a penalty shall be assessed that is based upon the initial Gravity-based penalty for each calendar day that the previously cited violation continues unabated after expiration of the abatement period. Subject to the provisions of part (1) hereof, the Gravity-based penalty is reduced by the reevaluated adjustment factors. The adjustment factors of Size, Good Faith, and History shall be determined by evaluation of the circumstances at the time of the subsequent inspection when the failure to abate is discovered. The daily additional penalty for failure to abate a violation shall not exceed $15,000.

Article 5 - Hazardous Substances Information and Training

willful violation shall not be subject to reduction, other than the Size pursuant to part (1) of subsection (d) of this section, where the violation is determined by the Division to have caused death or serious injury, illness or exposure within the meaning of Labor Code section 6302. (i) Serious Repeated or Willful Repeated Violation of Crane Standard, Order, or Special Order Causing Death or Serious Injury — If the employer commits a serious repeated or willful repeated violation of a crane standard, order, or special order, and the Division has determined that the violation caused death or serious injury as defined pursuant to Labor Code 6302, the penalty shall be $140,000. This penalty is not subject to adjustment. (j) Rounding of the Fractions Amounts of the civil penalties are rounded down to the next whole dollar during the calculation stages, and final figures are adjusted downward to the next lower five dollar ($5) value. (k) Multiple Violations Pertaining To A Single Hazard. When a single hazard is the subject matter of multiple violations resulting in civil penalties, the Division may, in its discretion, depart from the preceding criteria to mitigate the cumulative effect of such penalties. (1) This subsection does not apply to any penalty assessed for a Serious, Willful or Repeated violation or a failure to abate a Serious violation where such violation or violations have been determined by the Division to have caused death or serious injury, illness or exposure pursuant to Labor Code section 6302. This subsection does not apply to any Regulatory, General or Serious violation where the employer does not have an operative injury prevention program as set forth in subsection (d) of this section.

Article 4.5 Multi-Employer Worksites §336.10 Determination of Citable Employer. On multi-employer worksites, both construction and non-construction, citations may be issued only to the following categories of employers when the Division has evidence that an employee was exposed to a hazard in violation of any requirement enforceable by the Division: (a) The employer whose employees were exposed to the hazard (the exposing employer); (b) The employer who actually created the hazard (the creating employer); (c) The employer who was responsible, by contract or through actual practice, for safety and health conditions on the worksite; i.e., the employer who had the authority for ensuring that the hazardous condition is corrected (the controlling employer); or (d) The employer who had the responsibility for actually correcting the hazard (the correcting employer). Note: The employers listed in subsections (b) through (d) may be cited regardless of whether their own employees were exposed to the hazard.

§336.11 Determination of Applicability of Defenses. Prior to issuing any citation to an exposing employer, the Division shall first determine whether available information indicates that the employer meets each of the defenses listed below. If the Division concludes that all five defenses have been met, the citation shall not be issued. These defenses are: (a) The employer did not create the hazard. (b) The employer did not have the responsibility or the authority to have the hazard corrected. (c) The employer did not have the ability to correct or remove the hazard. (d) The employer can demonstrate that the creating, the controlling and/or the correction employers, as appropriate, were specifically notified or were aware of the hazards to which his/her employees were exposed. (e) The employer took appropriate feasible steps to protect his/her employees from the hazard, instructed them to recognize the hazard and, where necessary, informed them how to avoid the dangers associated with it. For the purposes of this section, where an extreme hazard is involved, appropriate feasible steps include removing the employer's employees from the job, if there is no other way to protect them from the hazard.

Article 5 Hazardous Substances Information and Training §337 Development and Maintenance of List. (a) Establishment of Initial List. Substances designated in the sources specified in Labor Code section 6382(b) shall be considered in formulating the initial list.

Ch 3.2 California Occupational Safety and Health Regulations

Limitations: (1) Except (A) where the gravity of the violation is high and exposure to employees is continuous, or (B) the employer has exhibited a high degree of negligence in failing to correct the violation, the daily penalty for failure to abate a Regulatory or General violation may be further reduced up to 90% for the first 120 days the violation continues to exist and up to 50% thereafter where the violation does not bear a direct relationship on employee health and safety. The daily penalty for a Serious violation may be reduced up to 50% where the adjustment factors calculated pursuant to subsection (c) of this section are Low and the History and Good Faith calculated pursuant to subsection (d) of this section are Good. (2) When a violation consisted of a number of instances and upon subsequent inspection some instances are found to have been abated and others have not, the daily penalty shall be calculated in proportion to the extent that the violation has been abated. (3) Failure to Abate a Serious Violation Causing Death or Serious Injury, Illness or Exposure — If the employer fails to abate a Serious violation and the Division has determined that the failure to abate caused death or serious injury, illness, or exposure as defined pursuant to Labor Code section 6302, the penalty shall not be adjusted pursuant to this subsection, except for Size as set forth in subsection (d)(1) of this section. (4) Failure to Abate a Serious Violation of Crane Standard, Order, or Special Order Causing Death or Serious Injury — If the employer fails to abate a serious violation of a crane standard, order, or special order and the Division has determined that the failure to abate caused death or serious injury as defined pursuant to Labor Code 6302, the penalty shall be $14,000 for each calendar day. The penalty is not subject to adjustment. (5) False Declaration of Abatement — If it is determined after reinspection that the employer has not complied with the abatement requirements of the Division, and the employer has previously submitted a statement affirming compliance therewith, the recomputed penalty shall not be adjusted pursuant to this subsection, except for Size pursuant to part (1) of subsection (d) of this section. (g) Repeat Violation — (1) In General — If a Regulatory, General, or Serious violation is repeated (as provided under section 334(d) of this article) the Proposed Penalty is adjusted upward as follows: 1st repeat — the Proposed Penalty is multiplied by two. 2nd repeat — the Proposed Penalty is multiplied by four. 3rd repeat — the Proposed Penalty is multiplied by ten. The resultant penalty shall not exceed $70,000. (2) For Carcinogens — If a Serious violation respecting the use of a carcinogen or a Regulatory violation concerning a reporting requirement respecting the use of a carcinogen is repeated (as provided in section 334(d) of this article), the total civil penalty shall be as follows: (A) For repeated Regulatory violations concerning a reporting requirement. 1st repeat — $5,000 2nd repeat — $10,000 3rd repeat — $20,000 (B) For repeated Serious violations respecting the use of a carcinogen. 1st repeat — $10,000 2nd repeat — $20,000 3rd repeat — $40,000 These penalties are not subject to adjustment. (3) Repeated Violation Causing Death or Serious Injury, Illness or Exposure — The computation of the Proposed Penalty for a repeated violation shall not be subject to reduction, other than the Size pursuant to part (1) of subsection (d) of this section, where the violation is determined by the Division to have caused death or serious injury, illness or exposure within the meaning of Labor Code section 6302. (h) Willful Violation — If a Regulatory, General, or Serious violation is determined to be willful (as provided under section 334(e) of this article) the Proposed Penalty is adjusted upward as follows: Regulatory, General and Serious — the Proposed Penalty is multiplied by five. However, the penalty for any willful violation shall not be less than $5,000 and shall not exceed $70,000. (1) Willful Violation Causing Death or Serious Injury, Illness or Exposure — The computation of the Proposed Penalty for a

§337 (a)

Article 5

Chapter 3.2 California Occupational Safety and Health Regulations (CAL/OSHA)

The Director shall presume all such substances to be potentially hazardous to human health when present occupationally except those which the Director determines do not pose any adverse acute or chronic risk to human health as present occupationally. Those substances which do not pose any risk shall be removed from the list. Evidence of risk shall include any immediate or longterm adverse effect which causes impairment of function, alteration of structure, or increased susceptibility to disease or contributes to adverse effects of other substances. In making a determination of risk, the Director shall consider available scientific data including, but not limited to, data from human epidemiological studies, data from short-term in vitro studies, and data from animal bioassay tests. Animal bioassay data is admissible and generally indicative of potential effects in humans. For purposes of this regulation, substances are present occupationally when there is a possibility of exposure either as a result of normal work operations or a reasonably foreseeable emergency resulting from workplace operations. A reasonably foreseeable emergency is one which a reasonable person should anticipate based on usual work conditions, a substance's particular chemical properties (e.g., potential for explosion, fire, reactivity), and the potential for human health hazards. A reasonably foreseeable emergency includes, but is not limited to, spills, fires, explosions, equipment failure, rupture of containers, or failure of control equipment which may or do result in a release of a hazardous substance into the workplace. (b) Administrative Procedure Followed by the Director for the Development of the Initial List. The Director shall hold a public hearing concerning the initial list. The record will remain open 30 days after the public hearing for additional written comment. Requests to exempt a substance in a particular physical state, volume, or concentration from the provisions of Labor Code sections 6390 to 6399.2 may be made at this time. If no comments in opposition to such a request are made at the public hearing or received during the comment period, or if the Director can find no valid reason why the request should not be considered, it will be incorporated during the Director's preparation of the list. After the public comment period the Director shall formulate the initial list and send it to the Standards Board for approval. After receipt of the list or a modified list from the Standards Board, the Director will adopt the list and file it with the Office of Administrative Law. (c) Concentration Requirement. In determining whether the concentration requirement of a substance should be changed pursuant to Labor Code section 6383, the Director shall consider valid and substantial evidence. Valid and substantial evidence shall consist of clinical evidence or toxicological studies including, but not limited to, animal bioassay tests, short-term in vitro tests, and human epidemiological studies. Upon adoption, a regulation indicating the concentration requirement for a substance shall consist of a footnote on the list. (d) Procedures for Modifying the List. The Director will consider petitions from any member of the public to modify the list or the concentration requirements, pursuant to the procedures specified in Government Code section 11347.1. With petitions to modify the list, the Director shall make any necessary deletions or additions in accordance with the procedures herein set forth for establishing the list. The Director will review the existing list at least every two years and shall make any necessary additions or deletions in accordance with the procedures herein set forth for establishing the list. (e) Criteria for Modifying the List. Petitions to add or remove a substance on the list, modify the concentration level of a substance, or reference when a particular substance is present in a physical state which does not pose any human health risk must be accompanied with relevant and sufficient scientific data which may include, but is not limited to, short-term tests, animal studies, human epidemiological studies, and clinical data. If the applicant does not include the complete content of a referenced study or other document, there must be sufficient information to permit the Director to identify and obtain the referenced material. The petitioner bears the burden of justifying any proposed modification of the list. The Director shall consider all evidence submitted, including negative and positive evidence. All evidence must be based on properly designed studies for toxicological endpoints indicating adverse health effects in humans, e.g., carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, neurotoxicity, organ damage/effects. For purposes of this regulation, animal data is admissible and generally indicative of potential effects in humans. The absence of

a particular category of studies shall not be used to prove the absence of risk. Negative results generally indicate the absence of statistically positive results in appropriate studies. As all tests for toxicological effects have inherent insensitivities, negative results must be reevaluated in light of the limits of sensitivity of each study, its test design, and the protocol followed. In evaluating different results among proper tests, as a general rule, positive results shall be given more weight than negative results for purposes of including a substance on the list or modifying the list in reference to concentration, physical state or volume, so that appropriate information may be provided regarding those positive results. In each case, the relative sensitivity of each test shall be a factor in resolving such conflicts. ยง338 Special Procedures for Supplementary Enforcement of State Plan Requirements Concerning Proposition 65. (a) This section sets forth special procedures necessary to comply with the terms of the approval by the United States Department of Labor of the California Hazard Communication Standard, pertaining to the incorporation of the occupational applications of the California Safe Drinking and Toxic Enforcement Act (hereinafter Proposition 65), as set forth in 62 Federal Register 31159 (June 6, 1997). This approval specifically placed certain conditions on the enforcement of Proposition 65 with regard to occupational exposures, including that it does not apply to the conduct of manufacturers occurring outside the State of California. Any person proceeding "in the public interest" pursuant to Health and Safety Code ยง25249.7(d) (hereinafter "Supplemental Enforcer") or any district attorney or city attorney or prosecutor pursuant to Health and Safety Code ยง25249.7(c) (hereinafter "Public Prosecutor"), who alleges the existence of violations of Proposition 65, with respect to occupational exposures as incorporated into the California Hazard Communication Standard (hereinafter "Supplemental Enforcement Matter"), shall comply with the requirements of this section. No Supplemental Enforcement Matter shall proceed except in compliance with the requirements of this section. (b) 22 CCR ยง12903, setting forth specific requirements for the content and manner of service of sixty-day notices under Proposition 65, in effect on April 22, 1997, is adopted and incorporated by reference. In addition, any sixty-day notice concerning a Supplemental Enforcement Matter shall include the following statement: "This notice alleges the violation of Proposition 65 with respect to occupational exposures governed by the California State Plan for Occupational Safety and Health. The State Plan incorporates the provisions of Proposition 65, as approved by Federal OSHA on June 6, 1997. This approval specifically placed certain conditions with regard to occupational exposures on Proposition 65, including that it does not apply to the conduct of manufacturers occurring outside the State of California. The approval also provides that an employer may use the means of compliance in the general hazard communication requirements to comply with Proposition 65. It also requires that supplemental enforcement is subject to the supervision of the California Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Accordingly, any settlement, civil complaint, or substantive court orders in this matter must be submitted to the Attorney General." (c) A Supplemental Enforcer or Public Prosecutor who commences a Supplemental Enforcement Matter shall serve a fileendorsed copy of the complaint upon the Attorney General within ten days after filing with the Court. (d) A Supplemental Enforcer or Public Prosecutor shall serve upon the Attorney General a copy of any motion, or opposition to a motion for summary judgment or summary adjudication of issues, a demurrer, motion for preliminary or injunctive relief, or other dispositive motion, and all memoranda of points and authorities in support of or opposing such motions. These materials shall be served upon the Attorney General on the same day which they are served on the opposing party. A Supplemental Enforcer or Public Prosecutor shall serve upon the Attorney General any decision or order of a court granting or denying summary adjudication, a demurrer, preliminary or final injunctive relief, penalties, or damages relating to a Supplemental Enforcement Matter within five working days after receipt. (e) A Supplemental Enforcer or Public Prosecutor who agrees to a settlement of a Supplemental Enforcement Matter shall serve the settlement upon the Attorney General within two working days after the agreement is signed by the parties. Where the settlement is submitted to a court for its approval, the Supplemental Enforcer or Public Prosecutor shall notify the court in writing upon presentation of the settlement of its submission to the Attorney General pursuant to this regulation. The submission to the Attorney General shall contain the entire agreement between the parties.

Agriculture IX Subject Index

Index

A Abrasive Blasting 319 Blast-Cleaning Enclosures. 5151(a) Organic Abrasives. 5151(c) 319 Personal Protective Equipment. 5151(b) 319 Ventilation. 5151(a)(1) 319 Abrasive Wheels 182 Definitions 3575(b) Flanges 3579(a) 184 Guards 3577 183 Hoods 3577(b), (c) 184 Inspection 3580(a) 185 Mounting 3580 185 Permissible Wheel Exposure for Periphery Grinding 3578 184 Portable Abrasive Wheels 3583 185 Portable Grinding Machines 3576(b) 183 Protection Devices 3577 183 Scope 3575(a)(1) 182 Stationary Grinding Machines 3576(a) 183 Storage 3582 185 Ventilation 5152(b) 319 Access to Information 357, 360 Acutely Hazardous Substances 5189, 5189 App A Diving Operations, Occupational Injury Records 6058(b) 701 Noise Control Records 5100 299 Accidents Amusement Rides 207 Notification 3920 Permits, Effect on 3915(b) 207 Electrical Installations and Equipment 89-90 Overhead Lines 2946-2946 Preventative Maintenance 2340.1 19 Prevention Tags 2320.6 19 Marine Terminal Operations, Prevention of Accidents 3464(a) 173 Prevention Signs 3340 151 Prevention Tags 151-152 Color Coding 3341, 3341 Appendix A Tree Trimming, Maintenance, or Removal 3421 165 Acrylonitrile 581 Application 5213(a) Compliance Methods 5213(g) 582 Definitions 5213(b) 581 Emergencies 5213(i) 583 Employee Training 5213(o) 584 Exposure Limits 5213(c) 582 Exposure Monitoring 5213(e) 582 Housekeeping 5213(k) 583 Hygiene Facilities and Practices 5213(m) 583 Medical Surveillance Guidelines 5213 Appendix C 587 Observation 5213(r) 585 Protective Clothing and Equipment 5213, 5213(j) 581, 583 Recordkeeping 5213(q) 584 Regulated Areas 5213(f) 582

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Acrylonitrile (continued) 582 Respiratory Protection 5213(h) Sampling and Analytical Methods 5213 Appendix D 588 Scope 5213(a) 581 Signs and Labels 5213(p) 584 Substance Safety Sheet 5213 Appendix A 585 Substance Technical Guidelines 5213 Appendix B 586 Waste Disposal 5213(l) 583 Actinolite (see also Non Asbestiform Tremolite, 562 Anthophyllite, and Actinolite entry) 5208.1 Acutely Hazardous Substances, Process Safety Management 5189, 5189 App A 357, 360 Adjudicative Hearings 8 Conduct of Hearing 340.4 Official Notice 340.41 9 Presiding Officer 340.43 10 Request for Hearing 340.42 9 Scope 340.4 8 Service of Process 340.46 10 Subpoenas 340.48 11 Aerial Devices 192 Application 3636 Definitions 3637 192 Equipment Instructions and Marking 3638 192 Maintenance and Repairs 3640 193 Operating Instructions 3648 194 Aerial Lifts 2940.7(b) 83 Agricultural Laborers 168 Communication with Non-English Speaking Workers 3438 Field Sanitation 170 Definitions 3457, 3457(b) Handwashing Facilities 3457(c)(2) 171 Potable Water 3457(c)(1) 171 Toilet Facilities 3457(c)(2) 171 Agriculture 170 Aircraft for Crop Dusting 3452 Anhydrous Ammonia, Use 3453(b) 170 Application 3436 168 Beet Trucks 3444 169 Choppers 3445 169 Communication with Non-English Speaking Workers 3438 168 Conveyors 3446 169 Cotton (see also Cotton entry) 5190 362 Crop Dusting 3452 170 Cutters 3445 169 Definitions 3437 168 Elevators 3446 169 Employees (see also Agricultural Laborers entry) 3457 170 Equipment 3440 168 Fertilizers, Applicator Rigs, Tanks, and Vessels 3453 170 Definitions 3457, 3457(b) 170 Handwashing Facilities 3457(c)(2) 171

INDEX

733

Agriculture Agriculture (continued) Field Sanitation (continued) 171 Potable Water 3457(c)(1) Toilet Facilities 3457(c)(2) 171 First-Aid Kits 3439 168 Fruit Picking Poles 3455(b) 170 Grain Handling Facilities 5178 354 Grinders 3445 169 Hand-Held Tools 3456 170 Horizontal Rotary Spreaders 3442 169 Insecticides, Applicator Rigs, Tanks, and Vessels 3453 170 Operation 3441 169 Operation of Equipment 3441 169 Pesticides (see also Pesticides entry) 3453 170 Restricted Materials 169 Decontamination of Equipment 3451 Formulation and Application 3450 169 Medical Requirements 3450 169 Self-Propelled Equipment 3441(b), (d), (g) 169 Sheepshearing 3454 170 Tools, Hand-Held 3456 170 Towing Equipment 3441(e) 169 Tractors 3340, 3651 168, 197 Definitions 3649 195 Deflector Guards 3654 198 Operating Instructions 3664 199 Rollover Protective Structures 3651 197 Seat Belts 3653 197 Vegetable-Trimming Saws 3447 169 Water Hazards 3448 169 Workers (see also Agricultural Laborers entry) 3457 170 AIDS (see also Bloodborne Pathogens entry) 5193 399 Airborne Contaminants 5155 327 Aircraft Hangars, Electrical Installations and Equipment 37 Aircraft Batteries 2540.6(e) Aircraft Electrical Systems 2540.6(d) 37 Classification of Locations 2540.6(b) 37 Definition 2540.6(a) 36 External Power Sources 2540.6, 2540.6(f) 36, 37 Mobile Servicing Equipment 2540.6(g) 37 Mobile Stanchions 2540.6(c) 37 Aisles, Walkways, and Crawlways 3272 113 Ammonium Nitrate Storage 663 Bulk Storage 5363 Container Storage 5362 663 General Rules 5360 663 Quantity and Distance 5253 645 Scope 5359 663 Structures 5361 663 Amusement Rides Accidents 207 Notification 3920 Permits, Effect on 3915(b) 207 Anti-Rollback Devices 3904 206 Assembly and Disassembly 3911 207 Lighting 3911(e) 207 Supervision 3911(a) 207 Brakes, Emergency 3904 206 Certification 3914 207 Control of Operation 3912(a) 207 Daily Maintenance 3910 206 Definitions 3901 206 Disconnect Switch 3912(b) 207 Dodge-Em Rides 3907(b) 206 Emergency Brakes 3904 206 Identification and Rating Plates 3918 207 Inspections 3914 207 Fees 3916 207 Maintenance, Daily 3910 206 Manufacturer's Analyses 3902 206

734

INDEX

Amusement Rides (continued) 207 Modified Devices 3919 Passenger Restraining and Containing Safety Devices 3908 206 Passenger-Carrying Rides 3907 206 Passenger-Operated Rides 3907(b) 206 Permits 207 Issuing 3915(a) Posting 3917 207 Public Protection 3913 207 Purpose of Regulations 3900 206 Rebuilt Devices 3919 207 Registration Numbers 3918 207 Safety Belts 3907(c) 206 Self-Powered 3907(b) 206 Signal Systems 3906 206 Speed Limiting Devices 3905 206 Supporting Structures, Design and Construction 3909 206 Testing 3903 206 Anchors and Fittings, Window Cleaning 3283 124 Anthophyllite (see also Non Asbestiform Tremolite, 562 Anthophyllite, and Actinolite entry) 5208.1 Appliances, Household Clothes Dryers 32 Disconnection 2522.23(c) Combustible Materials 31 Protection 2522.10 Signals, Heated Appliances 2522.12 31 Stands, Portable Appliances 2522.11 31 Counter-Mounted Cooking Units 2522.17 31 Disconnection 2522.17-26 31-32 Clothes Dryers 2522.23(c) 32 Fixed Appliances 2522.21 31 Fixed Electric Space Heating Equipment 2524.19 32 Location of Disconnecting Means 2524.65 32 Motor-Driven Appliances 2522.26 32 Portable Appliances 2522.22 31 Ranges 2522.23(c) 32 Stationary Appliances 2522.23 32 Energized Parts 2522.2 31 Fixed Electric Space Heating Equipment 2524.1-2524.65 32 Disconnecting 2524.19 32 Location of Disconnecting Means 2524.65 32 Switches 2524.21 32 Flexible Cords and Cables 2500.7-2500.25, 2522.9 30-31 Grounding-Conductor Identification 2500.23 30 Outer Sheath Maintenance 2500.25 30 Overcurrent Protection 2500.13 30 Splices 2500.9 30 Uses Not Permitted 2500.8 30 Uses Permitted 2500.7 30 Heaters, Portable 31 Portable Immersion Heaters 2522.9 Heating Elements, Marking of 2522.31 32 Installation 2522.7-2522.07 31 Irons 31 Signals 2522.12 Stands 2522.11 31 Motor-Driven Appliances 32 Disconnection 2522.26 Markings 2522.32 32 Nameplates 2522.30 32 Ovens, Wall-Mounted 2522.17 31 Ranges, Disconnection 2522.23(c) 32 Voltage Rating 32 Marking on Heating Elements 2522.31 Marking on Nameplates 2522.30(a) 32 Wall-Mounted Cooking Ovens 2522.17 31 Arsenic, Inorganic 591 Application 5214(a) Compliance 5214(g) 592

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Blasting

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Asbestos (continued) 544 Waste Disposal 5208(k)(6) Assembly Places, Electrical Installations and Equipment 44 Emergency Systems 2551.2(c) Switch Location 2571.21 50 Exhibition Halls 2551.2(b) 44 Hazardous Locations 2551.1-2551.3 44 Scope 2551.1 44 Temporary Wiring 2551.2(b) 44 Wiring Methods 2551.3 44 Automobile Lifts (see also Lifts under 180 Motor Vehicles entry) 3541-3549

IX Subject Index

Arsenic, Inorganic (continued) 591 Definitions 5214(b) Employee Training 5214(m) 594 Exposure Monitoring 5214(e) 592 Housekeeping 5214(j) 593 Hygiene Facilities and Practices 5214(k) 594 Medical Surveillance Guidelines 5214(n), App C 594, 597 Observation 5214(p) 596 Permissible Exposure Limit 5214(c) 592 Protective Clothing and Equipment 5214, 5214(i) 591, 593 Recordkeeping 5214(o) 595 Regulated Areas Limit 5214(f) 592 Respiratory Protection 5214(h) 593 Scope 5214(a) 591 Signs and Labels 5214(l) 594 Substance Information Sheet 5214 Appendix A 596 Substance Technical Guidelines 5214 Appendix B 596 Asbestos Analyzing Air Samples 546 Mandatory Procedure 5208 Appendix A Non-Mandatory Procedure 5208 Appendix B 546 Application Automotive Brake and Clutch Repair 5208(a), (f)(3)(A), (j), App F. 539, 541, 542, 553 Change Rooms 5208(i)(1) 542 Compliance Methods 5208(f) 541 Definitions 5208(b) 539 Employee Training 5208(j)(7) 543 Engineering Controls Brake and Clutch Repair 5208(a), (f)(3)(A), (j), App F. 539, 541, 542, 553 Exposure 553 Brake and Clutch Repair 5208, 5208(f)(3) Appendix F Permissible Limits 5208(c) 540 Exposure Monitoring 5208(d), (m)(1) 540, 545 Hazard Communication 5208(j) 542 Housekeeping 5208(k) 544 Hygiene 542 Change Rooms 5208(i)(1) Lunchrooms 5208(i)(3) 542 Showers 5208(i)(2) 542 Information for Employees 5208 (j)(7), 5208 Appendix G 543, 553 Marine Terminal Operations 3463(c) 173 Medical Questionnaires 5208 Appendix D 552 Medical Surveillance Chest X-Rays Interpretation and Classification of 5208(l)(3)(B), 5208 Appendix E 544, 553 Guidelines 5208(l), 5208 Appendix H 544, 554 Monitoring 5208(d) 540 Polarized Light Microscopy 5208 Appendix J 555 Protective Work Clothing and Equipment 542 Cleaning 5208(h)(3) Removal 5208(h)(2) 542 Replacement 5208(h)(3) 542 Storage 5208(h)(2) 542 Recordkeeping 5208(m) 545 Medical Surveillance 5208(m)(3) 545 Training 5208(m)(4) 545 Regulated Areas 5208(e) 541 Respiratory Protection 5208(g) 541 Program 5208(g)(2) 541 Selection 5208(g)(3) 542 Scope 5208(a) 539 Signs 5208(j)(3) 543 Smoking Cessation 5208 Appendix I 555 Substance Technical Information 5208 Appendix G 553 Training Employees 5208(j)(7) 543 Warning Labels 5208(j)(4) 543 Warning Signs 5208(j)(3) 543

B Bakeries 242 Dough Brake 4544 Ovens 4530 241 Rotary Dough Kneaders 4547 242 Barges 264 Barge Mounted Land Crane (Fig. 2) 4885 Cranes Mounted on 4942 270 Marine Terminal Operations 3461(d) 173 Bathrooms 3364, 3365 153 Barge Mounted Land Crane (Fig. 2) 4885 264 Batteries, Changing and Charging 5185 356 Benzene 614 Application 5218(a) Compliance Methods 5218(f) 615 Definitions 5218(b) 614 Employee Exposure Limits 5218(c) 615 Exposure Monitoring 5218(e) 615 Hazard Communication 5218(j) 617 Information and Training 5218(j)(3) 618 Signs and Labels 5218(j)(1) 617 Medical Surveillance Guidelines 5218(i), App. C 616, 620 Observation 5218(l) 618 Protective Clothing and Equipment 5218(h) 616 Recordkeeping 5218(k) 618 Regulated Areas 5218(d) 615 Respiratory Protection 5218(g) 616 Sampling and Analytical Methods 5218 Appendix D 621 Scope 5218(a) 614 Substance Safety Data Sheet 5218 Appendix A 618 Substance Technical Guidelines 5218 Appendix B 619 Blasting (see also Explosives Entry) 5236-5374 639-664 Abrasive Blasting (see also Abrasive Blasting entry) 5151 319 Accident Reports and Procedures 5248 642 Black Powder Blasting 5243 641 Chlorate High Explosives 5241(a) 641 Competency and Qualifications of Blasters 5238 641 Coyote Hole 5294 651 Definitions 5237 639 Detonating Cord 5298.1 652 Electrical Firing 5299-5306 652-654 Auxiliary Switches 5301 653 Electric 5305 654 Firing Switches 5300 653 Leading Wires 5302 653 Power and Light Circuits 5304 653 Radio Transmitters 5306 654 Well Sites 5314 656 Excavation Work Under Compressed Air 5307 655 Firing of Explosives 5291 651 Loading Explosives 5278 649 Low-Freezing Explosives 5241(b) 641 Makeup or Primer House Requirements 5257 647 Misfires 651 General 5293 Snow Avalanche Blasting 5358 662

INDEX

735

Blasting Blasting (continued) 650 Near Power Lines 5279 Non-electric Blasting Systems 5298 652 Safety Fuses 651 Capped Fuses and Primers 5297 Snow Avalanche Blasting 5356 661 Storage 5296 651 Use 5295 651 Secondary Blasting 5292 651 Snow Avalanche Blasting 5355-5358 660-662 Misfires 5358 662 Placing Explosives Charges 5357 661 Safety Fuse 5356 661 Scope 5355 660 Storms, During 5245 642 Tamping Poles or Devices 5277 649 Tools Near 5276(b) 649 Training 5239 641 Underwater 5308 655 Wells Service Industry 531-5314 655-656 Firing with Electricity 5314 656 Loading or Assembling Explosives and Devices 5312 655 Scope 5311 655 Storage and Transportation of Explosives 5313 655 Bloodborne Pathogens 5193 399 Application 5193(a) 399 Compliance Methods 5193(d) 401 Definitions 5193(b) 399 Engineering and Work Practice Controls 5193(d)(2), (3) 401 Exposure 5193(c) 400 Hazard Communication 5193(g) 406 HIV, HBV, and HCV Research Labs and 404 Production Facilities 5193(e) Personal Protective Equipment 5193(d)(4) 403 Recordkeeping 5193(h) 407 Scope 5193(a) 399 Sharps Injury Log 5193(c)(2) 401 Training 5193(e)(5), g)(2) 405, 406 Vaccinations 5193(f) 405 Warning Labels and Signs 5193(g)(1) 406 Bloodborne Pathogens 5193 730 Sharps Injury Log 5193(c)(2), Addendum Boatswain's Chairs 126 Controlled Descent Apparatus 3286(d) Rigging, Block, and Tackle 3286(b) 126 Specifications 3286(c) 126 Use and Application 3286(a) 126 Window Cleaning 3282(g)(1) 123 3282(f) 123 3286 126 Boilers 146 Entering 3312 Laundry and Dry Cleaning Equipment 4493 240 Bonding 26 Cable Armor 2395.75 Cable Sheath 2395.75 26 Cable Trays 2395.75 26 Connecting Receptacle Grounding Terminal to Box 2395.74 26 Enclosures 2395.75 26 Equipment Bonding Jumpers 2395.79 26 Fittings 2395.75 26 Frames 2395.75 26 Hazardous Locations 2395.78 26 Metal Raceways 2395.75 26 Metal-Clad Cable 2787.1(b) 68 Mine and Tunnel Installations 2917 79 Service Equipment 2395.71 26 Use, When 2395.70 26 Boom-Type Mobile Cranes (see also Boom-Type 268-270 Mobile Cranes under Cranes entry) 4920-4944

736

INDEX

Brakes 206 Amusement Rides 3904 Conveyors 3999(g) 211 Cranes (see also Brakes under Cranes entry) 4898 266 Hoists 4971 272 Locomotives 3735 204 Motor Vehicles (see also Brakes under 553 Motor Vehicles entry) 5208 Appendix F Power Operated Presses 4200 217 4214 224 Tractors 3661 199 Buildings 111 Live Loads 3241 Powered Platforms and Equipment for Building Maintenance Affected 129 Parts of Buildings Application 3292 Construction 3295(b) 131 Definitions 3207, 3281, 3293, Art. 6 App. D 101, 120, 129, 141 Design Requirements Art. 6 Appendix A 136 Equipment 131 Installation 3295 Maintenance 3297 135 Existing Installations Appendix D 141 Fall Protection 3299, Art. 6 Appendix C 136,137 General Maintenance 3297 135 Inspections 3296 134 Installation Equipment 3295 131 Operations 3298 135 Personal Fall Protection 3299 136 Personal Fall Protection Article Art. 6 Appendix C 137 Stabilization Systems Diagrams Article Art. 6 Appendix B 137 Suspension Methods 3295(c) 131 Tests 3296 134 Window Cleaning (see also Window Cleaning entry) 3282 123 Bulk Oxygen Systems (see also Bulk Oxygen Systems 677-679 under Oxygen entry) 5500-5509 Bulk Plants (see also Bulk Plants under 694-696 Flammable Liquids entry) 5614-5624 1,3-Butadiene 469 Application 5201(a) Compliance Methods 5201(f) 471 Definitions 5201(b) 470 Emergency Situations 5201(j) 472 Exposure Goal Program 5201(g) 471 Exposure Monitoring 5201(d) 470 Hazard Communication 5201(l) 473 Medical Screening and Surveillance 5201(k) 472 Permissible Exposure Limits 5201(c) 470 Protective Clothing and Equipment 5201(i) 472 Recordkeeping 5201(m) 473 Regulated Areas 5201(e) 471 Respiratory Protection 5201(h) 471 Scope 5201(a) 469

C Cadmium 5207 488 Biological Monitoring 5207 Appendix F 510 Change Rooms 5207(j)(2) 490 Compliance Methods 5207(f) 489 Definitions 5207(b) 488 Emergency Situations 5207(h) 490 Exposure 488 Monitoring 5207(d) Permissible Exposure Limit 5207(c) 488 Regulated Areas 5207(e) 489 Hazard Communication 5207(m) 494 Health History Interview 5207 Appendix D 502 Housekeeping 5207(k) 490 Hygiene Areas and Practices 5207(j) 490 Medical Surveillance 5207(l) 491 Monitoring 5207(o) 496

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Compressed Natural Gas

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Cleaners and Launderers (continued) 240 Equipment 4480-4494 Extractors 4482 240 Ironers 240 Body Type 4490 Flatwork Type 4489 240 Press Type 4492 240 Rotary-Body Type 4491 240 Marking Machines 4480 240 Operating Rules 4494 240 Power Wringers 4483 240 Pressure Vessels 4493 240 Shakers 4486 240 Washing Machines 4481 240 Clinical Laboratories (see also Laboratories entry) 5191 374 Coke Oven Emissions 570 Application 5211(a) Compliance Methods 5211(f) 571 Compliance Program 5211(o) 572 Definitions 5211(b) 570 Emergencies 5211(n) 572 Employee Training 5211(t) 574 Engineering Controls 571 During Charging 5211(g) During Coking 5211(h) 571 Filtered Air 5211(m) 572 Hygiene Facilities and Practices 5211(r) 573 Maintenance 5211(l) 572 Medical Surveillance 5211(s) 573 Monitoring 5211(e) 570 Observation 5211(w) 575 Permissible Exposure Limit 5211(c) 570 Protective Clothing and Equipment 5211(q) 573 Recordkeeping 5211(v) 574 Regulated Areas 5211(d) 570 Respiratory Protection 5211(p) 573 Scope 5211(a) 570 Work Practice Controls 571 During Charging 5211(i) During Coking 5211(j) 572 During Pushing 5211(k) 572 Cold Storage 112 Exits 3250 General 3249 112 Combustible Dusts 5174 354 Combustible Liquids (see Flammable Liquids) Combustible Liquids, Liquid Level Indicators 687 and Temperature Regulators 5585.1 Combustible Metals 5175 354 Commercial Diving Operations (see also Commercial Diving Opera701-702 tions under Diving Operations entry) 6059-6063 Commercial Garages, Repair and Storage 36 2540.5 Compressed Air 179 Air Compressors 3518 Asbestos Removal 5208(f)(1)(H) 541 Cadmium Removal 5207(k)(6) 491 Cylinders 247 Construction 4649 Handling 4650 247 Marking 4649 247 Storage 4650 247 Use 4650 247 Prohibited Uses 3301 145 Compressed Natural Gas Cylinders 247 Construction 4649 Handling 4650 247 Marking 4649 247 Pressure Vessels 3304(a) 145

INDEX

737

IX Subject Index

Cadmium (continued) 490 Protective Clothing and Equipment 5207(i) Recordkeeping 5207(n) 495 Recordkeeping"Medical Surveillance 5207(n)(3) 495 Recordkeeping"Training 5207(n)(4) 496 Regulated Areas 5207(e) 489 Access 5207(e)(3) 489 Demarcation 5207(e)(2) 489 Establishment 5207(e)(1) 489 Prohibited Activities 5207(e)(5) 489 Respirators 5207(e)(4) 489 Respirator Protection 5207(g) 489 Scope 5207(a) 488 Substance Safety Data Sheet 5207 Appendix A 496 Substance Technical Guidelines 5207 Appendix B 501 Ventilation 5207(f)(3) 489 Warning Labels 5207(m)(3) 495 Warning Signs 5207(m)(2) 495 Workplace Atmospheres 5207 Appendix E 503 Cal/OSHA District Offices Directory Addendum 727 Calcium Carbide California Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1973 1 Definitions 1 Opening Containers 4819 251 Storage 4818 250 Candy 243 Caramel Slitters 4550 Cutters 4549 242 Nougat Cutter 4551 243 Capacitors (see also Capacitors under 34 Electrical Installations and Equipment entry) 2534.2-2534.8 Carcinogens 565 Application 5209(a) Definitions 5209(b) 565 Medical Surveillance 5209(g) 567 Recordkeeping 5209(g)(2) 567 Regulated Areas 5209(c), (d) 565, 566 Report of Use 5203 484 Scope 5209(a) 565 Signs, Information, and Training 5209(e) 566 Cellulose Nitrate Film Storage Vaults 46 Lamps 2553.51 Prohibited Electrical Equipment 2553.52 46 Chemical Hygiene Plan 5191 374 Chemical Industry Machines 4565-4570 243-244 Extractors 244 Automatically Fed and Discharged 4567 Open Top, Bottom Discharge 4568 244 Screw Cover Type 4566 244 Rolls 4569 244 Soap Presses 4570 244 Chemicals 360 Acutely Hazardous 5189 Appendix A Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals 5191 374 2-Chloroaniline (see also 4,4-Methylenebis entry) 5215 598 Circuits, Electrical (see also Electrical Installations 73 and Equipment entry) 2839 Citations 1 Notice 332.1 Special Order 332.2 2 Civil and Criminal Enforcement Policy of the Division of Occupational Safety and Health 12 Civil Inspections and Investigations 344.50 Criminal Investigations 344.51 12 Clay Working Machines 4624-4625 245-6 Cleaners and Launderers 240 Boilers 4493 Drying Boxes or Cabinets 4487 240 Drying Tumblers 4485 240

Compressed Natural Gas Compressed Natural Gas (continued) Cylinders (continued) Regulating Equipment. 3304(b) 145 Storage. 4650 247 Use. 4650 247 Prohibited Uses. 3301 145 Safety Relief Devices. 4657 247 Computers Disconnecting Means. 2565.3 49 Interconnecting Cables. 2565.2 48 Supply Circuits. 2565.2 48 Conductors, Electrical Installations and Equipment (see also Conductors under Electrical Installations). 2350.2 22 Conduits Electrical Installations and Equipment (see also Conduits under Electrical Installations and Equipment). 2760 66 Confined Spaces. 5156-5158 342-350 Application. 5156(b) 342 Atmospheric Testing Procedures. 5157 Appendix B 347 Definitions. 5156(b), 5158(b) 342, 350 Employee Training. 5158(c)(2) 351 Operating Procedures. 5158(c)(1) 351 Operations. 5158(e) 351 Permit-Required Confined Spaces Atmospheric Testing Procedures. 5157 Appendix B 347 Attendant Duties. 5157(i) 346 Authorized Entrant Duties. 5157(h) 346 Decision Flow Chart. 5157 Appendix A 347 Definitions. 5157(b) 342 Employee Training. 5157(g) 345 Entry Permit. 5157 (f), 5157 Appendix D 350 Entry Supervisor Duties. 5157(j) 346 General Requirements. 5157(c) 343 Permit Space Program. 5157(d) 344 Program Examples. 5157 Appendix C 347 Rescue and Emergency Services. 5157(k) 346 Scope. 5157(a) 342 Sewer System Entry. 5157 Appendix E 350 Pre-entry. 5158(d) 351 Scope. 5156(a), 5158(a) 342, 350 Control of Hazardous Energy. 3314 146 Conveyors Agricultural. 3446 169 Belt Conveyors. 3999(b) 211 Brakes. 3999(g) 211 Crossovers. 3999(c) 211 Gravity Conveyors, Marine Terminal Operations. 3471 176 Occupied Areas. 3999(d) 211 Powered Conveyors. 3999(h) 211 Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills. 4412 236 Screw Conveyors. 3999(a) 211 Cotton Gins. 4647 246 Food and Tobacco Machinery. 4553 243 Cotton Dust (see also Cotton Dust entry). 5190 362 Gins. 4640-4647 245-246 Balers. 4645 246 Burr Machines. 4646 246 Drives. 4641 246 Elevated Platforms. 4642 246 Power Drives. 4643 246 Saws. 4640 245 Employee Supervision. 4640(f) 245 Guards. 4640(d) 245 Locks and Padlocks. 4640(e) 245 Warning Signs. 4640(g) 245 Screw Conveyors. 4647 246 Stands. 4641 246 Transmission Enclosures. 4642 246 Warning Devices. 4644 246 Washed Cotton 5190(n) 366

738

INDEX

Cotton Dust Action Levels. 5190(c)(2) 362 Air Sampling and Analytical Procedures. 5190 Appendix A 366 Compliance Methods. 5190(e) 363 Definitions. 5190(b) 362 Determining Concentrations. 5190 Appendix A 366 Employee Training. 5190(i) 364 Exposure Monitoring and Measurement. 5190(d) 362 Medical Surveillance. 5190(h) 364 Permissible Exposure Limits. 5190(c)(1) 362 Pulmonary Function Standards. 5190 Appendix D 372 Recordkeeping. 5190(k) 365 Respirator Use. 5190(f) 363 Respiratory Questionnaire. 5190 Appendix B-I 367 Scope. 5190(a) 362 Startup. 5190(m) 365 Vertical Elutriator Equivalency Protocol. 5190 Appendix E 373 Warning Signs. 5190(j) 365 Work Practices. 5190(g) 363 Cantilever Gantry Crane (Fig. 4). 4885 260 Commercial Truck-Mounted Cranes (Fig. 15-a). 4885 260 Crawler Crane (Fig. 19). 4885 260 Cranes Adjustments. 5034 280 Barge Mounted Land Crane. 4942 270 Boom Hoist Mechanisms. 4902 266. 4928 269 Booms Assembly and Disassembly. 4992 273 Damaged. 5035 280 Boom-Type Mobile Cranes. 4920-4944 268-270 Adjustments, Brakes and Clutches. 4932 269 Barge-Mounted Cranes. 4942 270 Boom Blocks, Access to. 4926 269 Boom Hoist Mechanisms. 4902, 4928 266, 269 Boomstops. 4922 268 Couplers. 4927 269 Demolition, Used in. 4941 270 Examination Certificate. 4885 265 Floating Cranes. 4943 270 Life Buoys. 4944 270 Lighting. 4940 270 Load Safety Devices. 4924 268 Machine House, Access to. 4926 269 Operating Controls. 4921 268 Operator's Cab. 4925 269 Operator's Position, Access to. 4926 269 Power-Controlled Lowering. 4931 269 Purpose. 4920 268 Sheave Guards. 4935.1 270 Signals. 5001 274 Swing Mechanism Brake and Locking Device. 4934 270 Control. 4933 269 Travel Brakes and Locks. 4935 270 Truck Wedges or Jacks. 4938 270 Warning Device. 4936 270 Wheel Guards. 4937 270 Brakes Bridge Motion. 4901 266 Foot Brake Pedals. 4899 266 Hoists. 4898 266 Load Hoist. 4930 269 Locking Device. 4900 266 Swing Brakes. 4951 270 Swinging Motion. 4901 266 Travel. 4935 270 Bridge Buffers. 4905 267 Cabs Access to. 4887 265 Illumination. 4895 266 Outdoor 4888 266

Section #, Page #

Cranes

Section #, Page #

Cranes (continued) Hydraulic Cranes and Excavators (continued) Maintenance 5033 280 Marine Terminal Operations 3472 176 Operating Practices 5008 277 Operating Rules 4990-5009 273-278 Driver's Position 4996 274 Fire Extinguishers 4997 274 Floor-Operated Cranes 5009 278 Handling Loads 4999 274 Hoisting 4994 273 Limit Switches 5000 274 Overhead Loads 5002 275 Practices 5008 277 Refueling 4998 274 Riding Loads 4995 274 Scope 4990 273 Signals 5001 274 Suspended Personnel Platforms 5004 275 Swing 4993 273 Travel 4991 273 Operator's Qualifications 5006 277 Outriggers, Use 4994(b) 273 Overhead Traveling Crane 266 Hoist Limit Device 4897 Personnel Platforms 5004 275 Rail Clamps 4913 268 Rails 4911 267 Refueling 4998 274 Repairs 5034 280 Riding Loads 4995 274 Runways 267 Repair 4909 Travel Limit Device 4903 267 4910 267 Scope 4990 273 Signals 5001 274 Swing 4993 273 Testing 5020-5028 278-279 Equipment Over Three Tons Rated Capacity 5021 Examination of Bulk Cargo Handling Devices 5024 Operational Testing 5020 278 Proof Load Test 5022 278 Test Weights 5022.1 279 Tower Cranes Booms 271 Starting and Stopping 4965(e) Unattended 4967 272 Brake System 4965(f) 271 Dismantling 4966 271 Electrical Grounding 4969 272 Erection 4966 271 General 4965 271 Inspection 4965(i) 271 Load Rating Chart 4965(c) 271 Operation 4966 271 Safety Devices 4968 272 Tower Climber Crane (Fig. 16) 4885 260 Whirley Type (Fig. 6) 4885 260 Travel 4991 273 Trolley Bumpers 4904 267 Truck Wedges or Jacks 4938 270 Truck Wheel Guards and Railsweeps 4906 267 Warning Devices 4889 266 Wind Indicators 4913 268 Crop-Dusting and Spraying Aircraft 3452 170

INDEX

IX Subject Index

Cranes (continued) Cages Access to 4887 265 Outdoor 4888 266 Capacity Marking 4907 267 Certificates 5025 279 Clearances 4912 267 Container Handling Ship Loading/Unloading 260 Double Cantilever Gantry Crane (Fig. 4-a) 4885 Container Handling Yard Crane (Fig. 4-a) 4885 260 Controllers 4896 266 Definitions 4885 257 Disconnecting Means 2561.32 47 Driver's Position 4996 274 Electrical Safety Orders 47 Clearance 2561.3 Combustible Materials 2561.2 47 Conductors 2561.1-2561.51 47 Enclosure 2561.11 47 Runway Conductor Disconnecting Means 2561.31 Wiring Method 2561.11 47 Electrical Safety Orders Lifting Magnets 2561.7 47 Limit Switches 2561.55 47 Remote Control Circuits 2561.8 47 Scope 2561.1 47 Separate Controls 2561.51 47 Warning Signs 2947 90 Examination Certificate 5025 279 Fire Extinguishers 4997 274 Flexible Cords and Cables 2500.7(a) 30 Floating Crane 4943, 4885 (Fig. 1) 264, 270 Floor-Operated Cranes 5009 278 Foot Brake Pedals 4899 266 Gantry Buffers 4905 267 High-Voltage Lines, Accident Prevention 5003 275 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2940.7(c) 84 Hoisting Ropes 4908 267 Hoists, Brakes 4898 266 Hydraulic Cranes and Excavators 270 Boom Hoist and Supporting Mechanism 4949 Brakes 4953 271 Service Brakes 4953(b) 271 Travel Lock or Brake 4953(a) 271 Control 4952 271 Hoist Mechanisms 4946 270 Hydraulic Crane (Fig. 14) 4885 260 Hydraulic Relief Valves 4955 271 Operating Requirements 4954 271 Purpose 4945 270 Swing Lock and Swing Brake 4951 270 Inspection 5031 279 Limit Switches 5000 274 Load Indication 4907 267 Load Lowering 4947 270 Loads 274 Handling 4999 Overhead 5002 275 Proof Load Test 5022 278 Riding Loads 4995 274 Safe Working Load 279 Determination 5026 Increase 5028 279 Reduction 5027 279 Machine Houses 265 Access to 4887 Outdoor 4888 266

278 279

739

De-Icing and Snow Melting Equipment

D Definitions 182 Abrasive Wheels. 3575(b) Acrylonitrile. 5213(b) 581 Aerial Devices. 3637 192 Agricultural Laborers. 3457(b) 170 Agricultural Operations. 3437 168 Amusement Rides. 3901 206 Arsenic, Inorganic. 5214(b) 591 Asbestos. 5208(b) 539 Benzene. 5218(b) 614 Bloodborne Pathogens. 5193(b) 399 1,3-Butadiene. 5201(b) 470 Cadmium. 5207(b) 488 Carcinogens. 5209(b) 565 Coke Oven Emissions. 5211(b) 570 Compaction Equipment. 4351 233 Cotton Dust. 5190(b) 362 Cranes. 4885 257 Derricks. 4885 257 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane (DBCP). 5212(b) 575 Diving Operations. 6051 697 Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors, and Gases. 5140 303 Electrical Installations and Equipment 55 High-Voltage Safety Orders. 2700 Low-Voltage Safety Orders. 2300(b) 13 Elevated Work Platforms. 3637 192 Ethylene Dibromide. 5219(b) 624 Ethylene Oxide. 5220(b) 627 Explosives. 5237 639 Field Sanitation, Agricultural Laborers. 3457(b) 170 Fire Fighters, Personal Protective Equipment. 3402 160 Fire Protection. 6150(a) 707 Flammable Liquids, Gases, and Vapors. 5415 665 Forging Machines. 4239(a) 226 Formaldehyde. 5217(b) 601 Hazard Communication. 5194(c) 409 Hazardous Chemicals. 5191(b) 374 Hazardous Substances. 5161 352 Hazardous Waste Operations and 382 Emergency Response. 5192(a)(3) Hoisting Equipment. 4885 257 Industrial Plants (see also Definitions under Plants, 101 Industrial entry). 3207 Industrial Railroads. 3731 203 Industrial Trucks. 3649 195 Inorganic Arsenic. 5214(b) 591 Ladder Stands. 3621 191 Lead. 5198(b) 428 Machines. 3941 209 Marine Terminal Operations. 3460 172 Metal Working Machines. 4239(a) 226 Methylene Chloride. 5202(b) 474 4,4-Methylenebis (2-Chloroaniline). 5215(b) 598 Methylenedianiline. 5200(b) 461 Noise Control. 5095(b) 297 Occupational Injuries or Illnesses 724 Recording. 14300.46 Reporting. 14000 713 Oil and Gas Wells. 2548.21(c) 40 Permit-Required Confined Spaces. 5157(b) 342 Plants, Industrial (see also Definitions under Plants, 101 Industrial entry). 3207 Power Operated Presses. 4188(b) 214 Railroads, Industrial. 3731 203 Respiratory Protection. 5144(b) 304 Slings. 5041 280 Textiles. 4457 238 Tractors. 3649 195

740

INDEX

Vinyl Chloride. 5210(b) 567 Definitions (continued) 39 Wastewater Wells. 2540.10(a) Window Cleaning. 3281 120 Woodworking Machines and Equipment. 4297 228 De-Icing and Snow Melting Equipment 32 Disconnecting Means. 2526.50 Scope. 2526.1 32 Derricks 280 Adjustments. 5034 Bearings, Access. 4963 271 Blocks, Access. 4963 271 Construction. 4960 271 Definitions. 4885 257 A-Frame Derrick. 4885 264 Breast Derrick. 4885 264 Chicago Boom Derrick. 4885 264 Examination Certificate. 4885 265 Floating A-Frame Derrick (Fig. 4). 4885 264 Floating Stiff Leg Derrick (Fig. 3). 4885 264 Gin Pole Derrick. 4885 264 Guy Derrick. 4885 264 Stiff Leg Derrick. 4885 264 Unit Test Certificate. 4885 265 Electrical Installations and Equipment, 84 High-Voltage Safety Orders. 2940.7(c) Examination Certificate. 5025 279 Fire Extinguishers. 4997 274 Floating A-Frame Derrick. 4943 270 Floating Stiff Leg Derrick. 4943 270 High-Voltage Lines, Accident Prevention. 5003 275 Hoisting Ropes. 4962 271 Inspection. 5031 279 Loads 274 Handling. 4999 Overhead. 5002 275 Proof Load Test. 5023 279 Riding Loads. 4995 274 Safe Working Load 279 Determination. 5026 Increase. 5028 279 Reduction. 5027 279 Maintenance. 5033 280 Operating Practices. 5008 277 Booms. 4992 273 Driver's Position. 4996 274 Fire Extinguishers. 4997 274 Handling Loads. 4999 274 Hoisting. 4994 273 Overhead Loads. 5002 275 Practices. 5008 277 Refueling. 4998 274 Riding Loads. 4995 274 Scope. 4990 273 Signals. 5001 274 Suspended Personnel Platforms. 5004 275 Swing. 4993 273 Travel. 4991 273 Operator's Qualifications. 5006 277 Personnel Platforms. 5004 275 Rated Load Marking. 4961 271 Refueling. 4998 274 Repairs. 5034 280 Riding Loads. 4995 274 Scope. 4990 273 Sheaves, Access. 4963 271 Signals. 4964, 5001 271, 274 Testing Equipment Over Three Tons Rated Capacity. 5021 Operational Testing. 5020 278

278

Section #, Page #

Electrical Installations and Equipment

Section #, Page #

Operation Procedures 6056(a) 699 Diving Operations Surface-Supplied Air Diving 700 Equipment 6057(c) Operation Procedures 6056(b) 700 Warning Flag 6052(e) 698 DOT Markings, Placards and Labels 5194.1 421 Drainage 691 Aboveground Tanks 5595 Bulk Plants 5623 696 Flammable and Combustible Liquids 5546(a) 682 Industrial Plants 3309 145 Pits 3309(a) 145 Service Stations 5579 686 Trenches 3309(a) 145 Tunnels 3309(a) 145

IX Subject Index

Derricks (continued) Testing (continued) 278 Proof Load Test. 5022 Test Weights. 5022.1 279 Warning Signs, Danger of High Voltage 2947 90 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane DBCP 575 Application 5212(a) Compliance Methods 5212(g) 576 Definitions 5212(b) 575 Emergencies 5212(i) 576 Employee Training 5212(n) 577 Exposure Monitoring 5212(f) 575 Housekeeping 5212(k) 577 Hygiene Facilities and Practices 5212(l) 577 Medical Surveillance Guidelines 5192 Appendix C, 5212(m) 396, 577 Observation 5212(q) 578 Permissible Exposure Limit 5212(c) 575 Protective Clothing and Equipment 5212(j) 576 Recordkeeping 5212(p) 578 Regulated Areas 5212(e) 575 Respirators 5212(h) 576 Scope 5212(a) 575 Signs and Labels 5212(o) 578 Substance Safety Data Sheet 5212 Appendix A 578 Substance Technical Guidelines 5212 Appendix B 579 Die Casting Machines 4261-4266 227 Cold Chamber Machines 227 Controls 4261 Helper's Protection 4263 227 Controls 4261 227 Helper's Protection 4263 227 Holding Furnaces 4266 227 Hot Chamber Machines 227 Controls 4261 Helper's Protection 4263 227 Ladling Operations 4262 227 Plunger Control 4264 227 Shields 4265 227 Dip Tanks 5426 667 Diving Operations 6050-6063 697-703 Air Compressor Systems 6057(d) 701 Basic Operation Procedures 6056 699 Commercial Diving Operations 702 Decompression Chambers 6063(a) Diving Procedures 6060 702 Equipment Requirements 6063 702 General 6059 701 Mixed-Gas Diving 6061 702 Post Dive Procedures 6062 702 Decompression Chambers, Commercial Diving Operations 6063(a) 702 Definitions 6051 697 Dive Team 6052(c) 698 Training and Experience 6052(d) 698 Diving Safety Manual 6052(b), 6054 698, 699 Employer Obligation 6052(a) 698 Equipment Procedures and Requirements 6057 700 Commercial Diving Operations 6063 702 First-Aid Supplies 6052(f) 698 HOOKAH Diving 6056(a)(5) 699 Liveboating 6056(c) 700 Medical Requirements 6053 698 Oxygen Safety 6057(e) 701 Planning 6055 699 Recordkeeping 6052(g), 6057(a), 6058 698, 700, 701 Scope 6050(a) 697 Scientific Purposes Appendix B 703 SCUBA Diving 700 Equipment 6057(b)

E Electrical Installations and Equipment 19 Accident Prevention Tags 2320.6 Alternating-Current Circuits and Systems, Grounding 2395.5 24 Common Grounding Electrode 2395.54 25 Conductor 2395.25 25 Appliances 31-32 (see also Appliances, Household entry) 2522.2-2522.32 Application 60 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2706 Low-Voltage Safety Orders 2305.2 17 Approvals 60 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2707 Low-Voltage Safety Orders 2305.4 18 Arcing Parts 2340.18, 2390.41 21, 24 Assembly Places 2551.1-2551.3 44 Emergency Systems 2551.2(c) 44 Exhibition Halls 2551.2(b) 44 Hazardous Areas 2551.2(a) 44 Scope 2551.1 44 Temporary Wiring 2551.2(b) 44 Wiring Methods 2551.3 44 Attachment Plugs and Cord Connectors 31 Adapters 2510.58 Dead-Front Construction 2510.56(a) 31 Grounding 2510.58 31 Noninterchange Ability 2510.56(b) 31 Swimming Pools 2569.7 50 Automatic Circuit Reclosers 2843 73 Backfeeding 2320.9 19 Voltages, Protection From 2940.9 84 Bonding (see also Bonding entry) 2395.75 26 Branch Circuits 63 Ampacity 2734 Overcurrent Protection 2735 63 Switching Requirements 2736 63 Bulk-Storage Plants 2540.8 38 Cables 87 De-Energized, Working On 2943(f) Vertical Suspension 69 Conductor(s) 2801 Messenger 2802 69 Wire 2802 69 Wire Mesh Holding Devices 2803 69 Capacitors 78 Discharge Means 2893 Disconnecting Means 2534.8 34 Drainage of Stored Charge 2534.6 34 Enclosing 78 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2888 Low-Voltage Safety Orders 2534.2 34

INDEX

741

Electrical Installations and Equipment Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Capacitors (continued) Guarding 78 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2888(b) Low-Voltage Safety Orders 2534.2(b) 34 Identification 2892 78 Overcurrent Protection 2891 78 Scope 2887 78 Special Handling Precautions 2894 78 Switching 2890 78 Carnivals, Circuses, Fairs, and Similar Events 2584.1-2584.8 51-52 Circuit Breakers 32 Fixed Electric Space Heaters 2524.21 High-Voltage Safety Orders 73 Grounding 2838 Identification 2840 73 Interlocks 2871 75 Isolation 2841 73 Manual Operation 2839(d) 73 Manual Tripping 2839(a) 73 Position Indicator 2839(e) 73 Preventing Unintended Operation 2839(c) 73 Ratings 2837 73 Portable Switchboards on Stage 2552.53(c) 44 Protective Devices 2340.27 21 Resistance Welders 2563.33 48 Circuit Reclosers, Automatic 2843 73 Commercial Garages 2540.5 36 Communications Systems 2587.1-2587.5 53 Conductors 25 Alternating-Current Systems 2395.25 Branch-Circuit 2565.2(a) 48 Construction Sites 2405.4 28 Cranes 2561.11 47 Disconnected Circuits 2340.24 21 Electroplating and Electrostripping 2580.6 51 Energized Overhead Conductors 2320.1(b) 18 Grounding 25 Alternating-Current Circuits and Systems 2395.25 Branch-Circuit Equipment 2395.114 27 Connection Devices 2395.113 27 Disconnecting Means 2530.105 33 High-Voltage Safety Orders 71 Ampacities 2821 Bending Radius 2748 65 Different Systems 2746 65 Insulation 2816 70 Metal-Clad Cables 68 Grounding Conductor , 2871 (b), 2782 Mines 2916 79 Multiple 2817 70 Neutral 2818 70 Outdoor Wiring 72 Insulated Conductors 2830 Overhead Conductors 2823(c) 71 Pull Boxes 2752 65 Raceways, Inserting 2747 65 Rotating Machinery and Control Apparatus 2881 77 Shielding, Grounding 2820 71 Signs and Outside Lighting Exceeding 600 Volts, 91 Installation 2970 Stations or Switchyards, Work on or Near Conductors 2944 88 Terminations 2819 71 Tunnels 2916 79 Underground High-Voltage Conductors, Work on or Near 87 2943 Motion Picture Projectors, Professional Type 46 Lamps and Hot Equipment 2554.14 Size 2554.13 46 Overcurrent Protection 2390.1 23

742

INDEX

Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Conductors (continued) 29 Panelboards 2484.3 Portable Switchboards on Stage 2552.53(c) 44 Portable Theater Stage Equipment 2552.68 45 Service and Service Entrance Equipment 62 Entrance Raceways 2723, 2724 Sound Recording and Reproduction Equipment 2564.6 Switchboards 2484.3 29 Track and Runway 2561.31 47 Conduits 66 Bends 2760(e) Circuit in 2760(b) 66 Continuity of System 2760(f) 66 Fill 2760(h) 66 Fittings 2760(d) 66 Grounding 2760(i) 67 Reaming 2760(c) 66 Rigid Metal Conduit 2761 67 Rigid Nonmetallic Conduit 2762 67 Sizes 2760(a) 66 Support 2760(g) 66 Types 2760(a) 66 Construction Sites, Ground-Fault Circuit Protection 2405.4 Continuous Rigid Cable Supports 68 Construction 2779 Definition 2775 67 Grounding 2778 68 Installation 2777 68 Use 2776 67 Control Devices, Location 21 2340.27 Cord Connectors and Attachment Plugs 31 Adapters 2510.58 Dead-Front Construction 2510.56(a) 31 Grounding 2395.45 25 Lamps 2510.58 31 Methods 2395.59 26 Noninterchange Ability 2510.56(b) 31 Skirted Plugs 2510.7(b) 31 Swimming Pools 2569.7 50 Cranes (see also Electrical Safety Orders 47 under Cranes entry) 2561.1-2561.55 Data Processing Systems 49 Disconnecting Means 2565.3 Supply Circuits 2565.2 48 De-energized Equipment 18 Conditions to Working 2320.4 Re-energizing 2320.5 19 Testing 2320.3 18 Definitions 55 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2700 Low-Voltage Safety Orders 2300(b) 13 Oil and Gas Wells 2548.21(c) 40 Wastewater Wells 2540.10(a) 39 De-Icing and Snow Melting Equipment 32 Disconnecting Means 2526.50 Scope 2526.1 32 Disconnecting Means 48 Arc Welders 2563.23 Capacitors 2534.8 34 Cranes 2561.32 47 Data Processing Systems 2565.3 49 De-Icing and Snow Melting Equipment 2526.50 32 Fixed Electric Heating Equipment 32 for Pipelines and Vessels 2527.55 Fixed Electric Space Heating Equipment 2524.19 32 Hoists 2561.32 47 Irrigation Machines 2568.8 49 Mine and Tunnel Installations 2921 79

Section #, Page #

Electrical Installations and Equipment

Section #, Page #

Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Equipment 28 Exposed Wiring 2420.3 Grounding 2395.42-61 25-26 Fall Protection 82 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2940.6(b) Low-Voltage Safety Orders 2320.8 19 Feeders 63 Ampacity 2734 Isolation Requirements 2737 63 Overcurrent Protection 2735 63 Switching Requirements 2736 63 Film Storage Vaults 46 Lamps 2553.51 Prohibited Electrical Equipment 2553.52 46 Fire Alarm Systems 2586.1-2586.4 52-53 Fixed Electric Heating Equipment for Pipelines and Vessels 32 Definitions 2527.2 Disconnecting Means 2527.55 32 Identification 2527.13 32 Installation 2527.11 32 Overcurrent Protection 2527.22 32 Scope 2527.1 32 Type 2527.10 32 Flexible Cords and Cables 30 Grounding-Conductor Identification 2500.7-2500.25 Motion Picture Projectors, Professional Type 2554.15 46 Outer Sheath Maintenance 2500.25 30 Overcurrent Protection 2500.13 30 Pull at Joints and Terminals 2500.10 30 Show Windows and Show Cases 2500.11 30 Splices 2500.9 30 Uses 30 Not Permitted 2500.8 Permitted 2500.7 30 Fuse Links 2847 74 Fused Interrupter Switches 2834 73 Fuses 29 Panelboards 2484.19 Power Fuses 2845 73 Protective Devices 2340.27 21 Garages 36 Commercial 2540.5 Gas Stations 37 Circuit Disconnects 2540.7(c) Definition 2540.7(a) 37 Hazardous Locations 2540.7(b) 37 Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters 28 Construction Sites 2405.4 Storable Swimming Pools 2569.31 50 Grounding 24 Alternating-Current Circuits and Systems 2395.5 Common Grounding Electrode 2395.54 25 Conductor 2395.25 25 Capacitors 2889 78 Circuit Breakers 2838 73 Conduits 2760(i) 67 Connections 63 Circuits 2739.0 Systems 2739.0 63 Construction Sites 2405.4 28 Continuous Rigid Cable Supports 2778 68 Cord and Plug Equipment 2395.45 25 Methods 2395.59 26 Effective 2395.51 25 Electrodes 25 Alternating-Current Circuits and Systems 2395.54 Circuits 2739.0 63 Concrete, Encased By 2395.82(b) 26 Made Electrodes 2395.83 27

INDEX

IX Subject Index

Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Disconnecting Means (continued) 33 Motor Controllers. 2530.74 Motor-Driven Appliances. 2522.26 32 Motors Both Motor and Controller. 2530.103 33 Energy From More Than One Source. 2530.113 33 Grounded Conductors. 2530.102-2530.113 33 In Sight From Controller Location. 2530.102 33 Indicating On/Off (Closed/Open). 2530.104 33 Outline Lighting. 2560.2 47 Power Fuses. 2845(g) 74 Readily Accessible. 2530.107 33 Resistance Welders. 2563.33 48 Service Switch. 2530.106 33 Signs. 2560.2 47 Single Disconnecting Means. 2530.112 33 Track and Runway Conductor. 2561.31 47 Disconnecting Switches. 2835 73 Discontinued Circuits. 2340.24 21 Distribution Cutouts. 2847 74 Electrical Railway Utility, Access and Workspace Requirements. 2945 89 Electrical Utility, Access and Workspace Requirements. 2945 89 Electrodes Alternating-Current Circuits and Systems, 25 Common Grounding Electrode. 2395.54 Concrete, Encased By. 2395.82(b) 26 Made Electrodes. 2395.83 27 Lightning Rods, Use of. 2395.86 27 Plate Electrodes. 2395.83(b) 27 Resistance. 2395.84 27 Rod and Pipe Electrodes. 2395.83(a) 27 Metal Frame of Building. 2395.82(a) 26 Underground Gas Piping System. 2395.82(c) 26 Water Pipe Electrodes. 2395.81 26 Electrolytic Cells 51 Application. 2583.2 Auxiliary Nonelectrical Connections. 2583.7 51 Cranes and Hoists. 2583.8 51 Disconnecting Means. 2583.3 51 Fixed and Portable Electric Equipment. 2583.1-2583.8 51 Portable Electric Equipment. 2583.4 51 Power Supply Circuits and Receptacles for Portable Electric Equipment. 2583.5 51 Scope. 2583.1 51 Emergency Systems 44 Assembly Places. 2551.2(c) Branch Circuit Overcurrent Devices, Accessibility. 2571.25 50 Lighting. 2571.16 50 Maintenance. 2571.4 50 Signs. 2571.30 50 Switch Location. 2571.21 50 Tests. 2571.4 50 Enclosures 70 Fenced. 2812.1 Locked. 2810 70 Metal. 2809 70 Mobile and Portable Equipment. 2908 79 Oil-Filled Cutouts. 2855 74 Outdoor Wiring, Terminal Enclosures. 2829 72 Service and Service Entrance Equipment. 2726 63 Switches. 2480.3 29 Walled. 2812.1 70 Warning Signs. 2811 70 Energized Equipment or Systems 19 Barriers and Barricades. 2320.7(a) Conductive Fish Tapes. 2320.7(c) 19 Conductive Measuring Tapes and Ropes. 2320.7(b) 19 Energizing and Re-energizing. 2320.5 19 Testing. 2320.3 18 Work Prerequisites 2320.2(a) 18

743

Electrical Installations and Equipment Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Grounding (continued) Electrodes (continued) Made Electrodes (continued) 27 Lightning Rods, Use of 2395.86 Plate Electrodes 2395.83(b) 27 Resistance 2395.84 27 Rod and Pipe Electrodes 2395.83(a) 27 Metal Frame of Building 2395.82(a) 26 Systems 2739.0 63 Underground Gas Piping System 2395.82(c) Water Pipe Electrodes 2395.81 26 Equipment Fastened in Place or Connected by Permanent Wiring Methods 2395.42-2395.44, 2395.57 Impedance Grounded Neutral Systems 2741 Industrial Control Assemblies 2864-2865 75 Low-Voltage Safety Orders 2395.42-2395.61 Metal-Enclosed Power Switchgear 2864-2865 Generators 2884(a) 77 Irrigation Machines 2568.12 49 Lightning Arresters 2903 79 Lightning Rods, Use of 2395.86 27 Metal Shielding Tape 2820 71 Metal-Clad Cable 2782 68 Metal-Enclosed Bus 2764 67 Mines 2923 79 Motor Frames 2883(b) 77 Nonelectrical Equipment 2395.44 25 Plate Electrodes 2395.83(b) 27 Portable Cable 2792 68 Portable High-Voltage Equipment 2743 65 Reactors 2897 78 Resistors 2897 78 Rod and Pipe Electrodes 2395.83(a) 27 Scope 2395.1 24 Solidly Grounded Neutral Systems 2740 64 Substations 2553.66 46 Transformers 2878 76 Tunnels 2923 79 Water Pipe Electrodes 2395.81 26 Wiring and Equipment Installations 2750 65 Guarding Capacitors 78 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2888(b) Low-Voltage Safety Orders 2534.2(b) 34 Equipment 2930 80 High-Voltage Energized Parts 2860 74 Live Parts 2553.15 45 Low-Voltage Energized Parts 2861 74 Stage Switchboard 2552.22 44 Substations 2553.64 46 Handlamps 31 2510.6 Hazardous Locations 2540.1-2540.10 34-39 Aircraft Hangars 2540.6 36 Approval 2540.2540.2(a), 3(b) 35 Assembly Places 2551.2(a) 44 Bonding 2395.78 26 Bulk-Storage Plants 2540.8(b) 38 Class I Locations 2540.1(a) 34 Class II Locations 2540.1(b) 34 Class III Locations 2540.1(c) 35 Commercial Garages 2540.5(b) 36 Division and Zone Classification 2540.1(d) 35 Electrical Installations 2540.3 35 Garages, Commercial 2540.5(b) 36 Gas Stations 2540.7(b) 37 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2925 80 Intrinsically Safe Equipment 2540.2(b), 2540.3(a)

744

INDEX

25 64 25-26 75

Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Hazardous Locations (continued) 39 Paint and Lacquer Finishing Processes 2540.9(b) Protection Techniques 2540.4 36 Scope 2540.1 34 Service Stations 2540.7(b) 37 Wastewater Wells 2540.10(b) 39 High-Voltage Safety Orders 61 Access 2711 Ampacities 2716 61 Application 2706 60 Approvals 2707 60 Atmospheric Protection 2712 61 Definitions 2700 55 Energized Parts 2717 61 Environmental Protection 2712 61 Fall Protection 2940.6(b) 82 Hand Tools 2940.6(g) 83 Illumination 2940.4 82 Installation 2714 61 Maintenance 2714 61 Operating Procedures (see Work Procedures and Operating Procedures under this heading) Overhead Lines 89 Accident Prevention 2946 Exceptions for Qualified Electrical Workers 2949 90 Notification of Work 2948 90 Warning Signs 2947 90 Work On or Near 2941 85 Physical Damage, Protection 2713 61 Protection 61 Atmospheric 2712 Environmental 2712 61 Physical Damage 2713 61 Qualified Electrical Workers 2940(c) 81 Readily and Safely Accessible 2711 61 Scope 2705 60 Special Requirements 2703 60 Subtitles 2704 60 Titles 2704 60 Tree Trimming, Line Clearance 2951 90 Variances 2709 60 Work Procedures and Operating Procedures 89 Access 2945 Aerial Lifts 2940.7(b) 83 Apparel 2940.6(j) 83 Backfeed Voltages, Protection From 2940.9 84 Body Belts, Safety Straps, and Lanyards 2940.6(c) 82 Clearances 2940.2 81 Conductive Measuring Devices 2940.6(f) 83 Conductive Objects 2940.6(h) 83 Cranes 2940.7(c) 84 Derricks 2940.7(c) 84 Emergency Rescue Lines 2940.6(i) 83 Employer's Responsibility 2940(b) 81 Fall Protection 2940.6(b) 82 Hoisting Cables 2940.7(e) 84 Hoisting Devices 2940.7(d) 84 High-Voltage Stations or Switchyards 2944 88 Illumination 2940.4 82 Inclement Weather 2940.3 82 Insulating Equipment 2940.6(a) 82 Ladders 2940.6(d) 82 Lifting Equipment 2940.7(c) 84 Live-Line Tools 2940.6(e), 2945 Appendix B 83 Material Handling 2940.8 84 Mechanical Equipment 2940.7 83 Metal Tower Construction 2941.1 86 Observers 2940(d) 81 Overhead High Voltage Lines 2941 85

Section #, Page #

Electrical Installations and Equipment

Section #, Page #

Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Light Fixtures (continued) 30 Maximum Voltage 2510.1 Swimming Pools 2569.7(a)(1), 2569.6(b) 50 Underwater Fixtures 2569.20(b) 50 Wet Locations 2510.5 31 Wiring 30 Overcurrent Protection 2505.12 Uses Not Permitted 2505.11 30 Uses Permitted 2505.10 30 Linemen's Body Belts, Safety Straps, and Lanyards 2940.6(c) 82 Live-Line Tools 2940.6(e) 83 2945 Appendix B 89 Locked Rooms, Vaults, or Enclosures 2810 70 Alternating-Current Circuits and Systems to Be Grounded 2395.5 24 Application 2305.2 17 Approvals 2305.4 18 Cabinets, Cutout Boxes, Fittings, 30 Boxes, and Panelboard Enclosures 2485.1 Circuit Breakers. 2390.81 24 Applications. 2390.81(d) 24 Circuit Impedance and Other Characteristics 2340.10 20 Clearances from Buildings 2375.19 23 Conductors 2340.5 19 Conductors Entering Boxes, Cabinets, or Fittings 2473.1 29 Conductors on Poles 2375.7 23 Cord- and plug-connected appliances 2395.45(a) 25 Cord Connections 2360.5 23 Covers and Canopies 2473.2 29 Damp or Wet Locations 2485.1, 2485.2 30 Definitions 13 Acceptable 2300(b) Accepted 2300(b) 13 Approved 2300(b) 13 Automatic 2300(b) 13 Bare Conductor 2300(b) 13 Barrier 2300(b) 13 Bathroom 2300(b) 13 Cable Tray System 2300(b) 13 Cablebus 2300(b) 13 Cell Line 2300(b) 13 Cell Line Attachments and Auxiliary Equipment 2300(b) 13 Center Pivot Irrigation Machine 2300(b) 13 Certified 2300(b) 13 Conduit Body 2300(b) 13 Dead Front 2300(b) 13 Decorative Fountains and Reflection Pools 2300(b) 13 Deenergized 2300(b) 13 Dielectric Heating 2300(b) 13 Electrolytic Cell Line Working Zone 2300(b) 13 Energized 2300(b) 13 Equipment Grounding Conductor 2300(b) 13 Exposed 2300(b) 13 Feeder 2300(b) 13 Fountain 2300(b) 13 Grounded, Effectively 2300(b) 13 Grounding Electrode Conductor 2300(b) 13 Healthcare Facilities 2300(b) 13 Heating Equipment 2300(b) 13 Induction Heating 2300(b) 13 Insulated Conductor 2300(b) 13 Irrigation Machine 2300(b) 13 Isolated (As applied to location) 2300(b) 13 Isolated Power System 2300(b) 13 Live Parts 2300(b) 13 Metal-Clad Cable (Type MC) 2300(b) 13 Mineral-Insulated Metal-Sheathed Cable (Type MI) 2300(b) 13 Mobile X-Ray 2300(b) 13 Motor Control Center 2300(b) 13

INDEX

745

IX Subject Index

Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) High-Voltage Safety Orders (continued) Work Procedures and Operating Procedures (continued) 82 Protective Equipment 2940.6, 2945 Appendix C Qualified Electrical Workers 2940(c) 81 Safe Access 2940(a) 81 Tools 2940.6 82 Tubular Steel Poles 2942 87 Underground High-Voltage Cables, 87 Conductors, or Equipment 2943 Voltage Determination 2940.1 81 Washing Insulators 2941.2 86 Water, Work Over or Near 2940.5 82 Workspace Requirements 2945 89 Hoists (see also Electrical Safety Orders 47 under Hoists and Hoisting entry) 2561.1-2561.55 Identification and Signs 2562.3 48 Impedance Grounded Neutral Systems 2741 64 Inclement Weather, Discontinuing Work 2940.3 82 Induction and Dielectric Heating Equipment 49 Guarding and Grounding 2567.2 Remote Control 2567.3 49 Industrial Control Assemblies 75 Cover Plates 2866 Devices 74 Arrangement 2859 Grounding 2865 75 Location 2869 75 Door Stops 2866 75 Energized Parts 74 Accessibility 2863 Guarding Cable Conductors Entering Enclosure, Clearance 2862 Guarding 74 High-Voltage 2860 Low-Voltage 2861 74 Gas Discharge From Interrupting Devices 2867 75 Grounding 75 Devices 2864, 2685 Inspection Windows 2868 75 Interlocks 75 Circuit Breakers 2871 Interrupter Switches 2870 75 Scope 2857 74 Information Technology Equipment 2565.2, 2565.3 49 Infrared Lamp Industrial Heating Appliances 2522.15 31 Lampholders 2522.15(c) 31 Live Parts of Motors or Controllers 2530.121 33 Integrated Electrical Systems 2589.1, 2589.2 53 Interconnection 2320.9 19 Interrupting Rating 2340.9 20 Isolating Switches 2835 73 Junction Boxes, Construction and Installation Requirements 2753 Knife Switches 29 Connection 2480.7 Panelboards 2484.24 29 Position 2480.6 29 Switchboards 2484.24 29 Lampholders 31 Infrared Heating Lamps 2522.15 Live Parts Exposure 2510.4 30 Maximum Voltage 2510.1 30 Lamps 31 Infrared Heating Lamps 2522.15 Live Parts Exposure 2510.4 30 Location 2510.3 30 Light Fixtures 31 Damp Locations 2510.5 Flexible Cords and Cables 2500.7(a) 30 Live Parts Exposure 2510.4 30

Electrical Installations and Equipment Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Low-Voltage Safety Orders (continued) Definitions (continued) 13 Nonmetallic-Sheathed Cable. 2300(b) Open Wiring on Insulators. 2300(b) 13 Overcurrent. 2300(b) 13 Overload. 2300(b) 13 Portable X-Ray. 2300(b) 13 Power and Control Tray Cable (Type TC). 2300(b) 13 Power-Limited Tray Cable (Type PLTC). 2300(b) 13 Premises Wiring (Premises Wiring System). 2300(b) 13 Scope. 2300(a) 13 Service Cable. 2300(b) 13 Service Point. 2300(b) 13 Service-Entrance Cable. 2300(b) 13 Shielded Nonmetallic-Sheathed Cable (Type SNM). 2300(b) 13 Show Window. 2300(b) 13 Storable Swimming or Wading Pool. 2300(b) 13 Swimming, Wading, and Therapeutic Pools. 2300(b) 13 Ventilated. 2300(b) 13 Wireways. 2300(b) 13 Deteriorating Agents. 2340.11 20 Direct-Current Systems. 2395.3 24 Disconnecting Means. 2380.1 23 Disconnecting Means for Fuses. 2390.20 24 Electric Equipment Considered Effectively Grounded. 2395.58 26 Electrical Connections. 2340.14 20 General. 2340.14(a) 20 Identification of Equipment. 2340.22 21 Marking. 2340.22(f) 21 Marking Durability. 2340.22(d) 21 Splices. 2340.14(c) 20 Terminals. 2340.14(b) 20 Equipment Connected by Cord and Plug. 2395.45 25 Equipment Fastened in Place or 25 Connected by Permanent Wiring Methods. 2395.57 Equipment Grounding Conductors. 2418.4 28 Examination, Installation, and Use of Equipment. 2340.2 19 Exceptions. 2305.2(a) 17 Flexible Cords and Cables. 2405.2 27 Appliances 32 Disconnecting Means. 2524.19 General Requirements for Temporary Wiring Cable Trays 29 Conductor Supports. 2420.4 Flexible Nonmetallic Tubing. 2420.5 29 Industrial Establishments. 2418.3 28 Penetrations of Walls, Floors, etc. 2420.6 29 Protection from Physical Damage. 2420.7 29 Wiring Methods. 2418.2 28 Disconnecting means. 2405.2(e) 27 Lamps. 2405.2(f) 28 Receptacles. 2405.2(c) 27 Grounded Conductors. 2390.10 24 Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter Protection. 2360.3 22 Grounding Connections. 2395.23 25 Guarding of Energized Parts. 2340.17 21 Hazardous (Classified) Locations. 2418.5 28 Identification of Multiwire Branch Circuits. 2360.1 22 Insulation Integrity. 2340.8 20 Location. 2390.24 24 Location of Outdoor Lamps. 2375.25 23 Mechanical Execution of Work. 2340.12 20 Multiwire Branch Circuits. 2360.1 22 Other Available Electrodes. 2395.82 26 Outlet Devices. 2360.4 23 Receptacle Outlets. 2360.4(b) 23 Panelboard Enclosures. 2484.6 29 Portable and Vehicle-Mounted Generators. 2395.6 24 Purpose 2305.1 17

746

INDEX

Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Low-Voltage Safety Orders (continued) 22 Receptacles and Cord Connectors. 2360.2 Receptacles, Cord Connectors and 31 Attachment Plugs (Caps). 2510.56 Single-throw Knife Switches. 2480.5 29 Snap Switches. 2480.9 29 Storage Batteries. 2535.1 34 Supports, Enclosures, and Equipment to be Grounded. 2395.32 Switchboards with Exposed Live Parts. 2484.5 29 Switches, Circuit Breakers, and Switchboards. 2485.2 30 Temporary Wiring. 2405.1 27 Uses Not Permitted. 2418.6 28 Variances. 2305.3 18 Wiring Methods. 2418.2 28 Wiring Methods, Components, and Equipment, General. 2400.1 Work Procedures. 2320.1-2320.9 18-19 Accident Prevention Tags. 2320.6 19 Backfeeding. 2320.9 19 De-Energized Equipment or Systems. 2320.5 19 Energized Equipment or Systems. 2320.2 18 Fall Protection. 2320.8 19 Interconnection. 2320.9 19 Re-Energizing Equipment or Systems. 2320.5(a) 19 Safety Precautions. 2320.7 19 Tests. 2320.3 18 Workers, Qualified Persons. 2320.1 18 Maintenance. 2340.1 19 Marking. 2340.21 21 Mechanical Protection. 2340.26 21 Metal Enclosures. 2809 70 Metal Tower Construction. 2941.1 86 Metal-Clad Cable 68 Bends. 2784 Elevation. 2786 68 Fittings. 2785 68 Grounding Conductor. 2782 68 Splices. 2787.1 68 Strength. 2787 68 Supports. 2783 68 Terminations. 2787.1 68 Use. 2781 68 Metal-Enclosed Bus Adjacent Structures. 2765 67 Barriers. 2767 67 Connections. 2769 67 Drain Facilities. 2772 67 Grounding. 2764 67 Identification. 2771 67 Low-Voltage Wiring. 2773 67 Neutral Bus. 2766 67 Perforated Enclosures. 2768 67 Seals. 2767 67 Supporting Structures. 2765 67 Switches. 2770 67 Terminations. 2769 67 Metal-Enclosed Power Switchgear Assembly Construction. 2858 74 Cover Plates. 2866 75 Devices 74 Arrangement. 2859 Grounding. 2865 75 Location. 2869 75 Door Stops. 2866 75 Energized Parts 74 Accessibility. 2863 Guarding Cable Conductors Entering Enclosure, Clearance. 2862 74 High-Voltage. 2860 74 Low-Voltage. 2861 74

Section #, Page #

Electrical Installations and Equipment

Section #, Page #

Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Open Wiring (continued) Bare (continued) Spacing Between Bare Energized Parts 66 and Adjacent Surfaces 2756 Exposed 2420.3 28 Outdoor Wiring High-Voltage Safety Orders 72 Circuit Feedback 2831 Clearances 2824 71 Conductors 2823(c) 71 Insulated Conductors 2830 72 Outdoor Lighting 2825 71 Overhead Lines 2824 71 Raceways 71 Above Ground 2826 Below Ground 2827 71 Risers 2828 71 Scope 2823(a) 71 Terminal Enclosures 2829 72 Wiring Methods 2823(b) 71 Low-Voltage Safety Orders Clearance 23 From Ground 2375.18 Outline Lighting Exceeding 600 Volts 91 Conductor Installation 2970 Electric-Discharge Tubing 2972 91 Terminals and Electrode Receptacles 2973 Switches on Doors 2974 91 Transformers 2971 91 Low-Voltage Safety Orders 47 Clearances 2560.10 Disconnecting Means 2560.2 47 Location 2560.3 47 Overcurrent Devices, Grounded Conductors 2751 65 Overcurrent Protection 24 Arcing Parts 2390.41 Branch Circuits 2735 63 Capacitors 2891 78 Feeders 2735 63 Fixed Electric Heating Equipment 32 for Pipelines and Vessels 2527.22 Fixture Wires 2505.12 30 Flexible Cords and Cables 2500.13 30 Mines 2915 79 Mobile and Portable Equipment 2907 79 Motion Picture Studios 2553.18 45 Service and Service Entrance Equipment 2728 63 Isolation Requirements 2731 63 Suddenly Moving Parts 24 2390.41(b) Theater Stage Equipment 45 Portable Plugging Boxes 2552.62(b) Portable Switchboards on Stage 2552.52 44 Transformers 2877 76 Tunnels 2915 79 Welders 2563.22 48 Panelboards 29 Busbars, Support and Arrangement 2484.3 Conductors, Support and Arrangement 2484.3 29 Fuses, Installation 2484.19 29 Knife Switches 2484.24 29 Paralleling Switches 63 Branch Circuits 2736(a) Feeders 2736(a) 63 Service and Service Entrance Equipment 2732 63 Portable Cable 68 Bending Radii 2793 Fittings 2794 68

INDEX

IX Subject Index

Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Metal-Enclosed Power Switchgear (continued) 75 Gas Discharge From Interrupting Devices 2867 Grounding 2864 75 Devices 2865 75 Inspection Windows 2868 75 Interlocks 75 Circuit Breakers 2871 Interrupter Switches 2870 75 Scope 2857 74 Mobile and Portable Equipment 79 Collector Rings 2909 Enclosures 2908 79 Grounding 2912 79 High-Voltage Portable Cable for Main Power Supply 2911 79 Overcurrent Protection 2907 79 Power Cable Connections to Mobile Machines 2910 79 Protection 2906(c) 79 Scope 2906(a) 79 Motion Picture Projectors 31 2522.2 Motor Controllers 2530.81-2530.86, 2562.7 33, 48 Autotransformer 2530.82(b) 33 Conductors, Opening 2530.84 33 Cranes 2561.51 47 Definition 2530.81(a) 33 Design 2530.82 33 Disconnecting Means 2530.74 33 Hoists 2561.51 47 Horsepower Rating 2530.83 33 Motor Not in Sight 2530.86 33 Portable Motor of 1/3 Horsepower or Less 2530.81(c) 33 Rheostats 2530.82(c) 33 Starting and Stopping 2530.82(a) 33 Stationary Motor of 1/8 Horsepower or Less 2530.81(b) 33 Motor-control Apparatus 2530.120 33 Motors 33 Automatic Restarting 2530.43 Disconnecting Means 2530.102-2530.113 33 Both Motor and Controller 33 2530.103 Energy From More Than One Source 33 2530.113 Grounded Conductors 33 2530.105 In Sight From Controller Location 33 2530.102 Indicating On/Off (Closed/Open) 33 2530.104 Readily Accessible 33 2530.107 Service Switch 33 2530.106 Single Disconnecting Means 33 2530.112 In Sight From 2530.4 33 Oil-Filled Cutouts 74 Continuous Current Rating 2849 Enclosure 2855 74 Fault Closing Rating 2852 74 Identification 2854 74 Interrupting Rating 2850 74 Location 2853 74 Voltage Rating 2851 74 Open Wiring Bare 66 Clearances 2758 Insulators 2757 66 Scope 2755 66

747

Electrical Installations and Equipment Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Portable Cable (continued) 68 Grounding 2792 Scope 2789 68 Shielding 2791 68 Splices 2795 68 Termination 2795 68 Portable Handlamps 2510.6 31 Power Fuses 2845 73 Protective Devices 2340.27 21 Pull Boxes 66 Construction 2753 Installation 2753 66 Raceway Entrance Locations 2752 65 Size 2752 65 Raceways 71 Above Ground 2826 Below Ground 2827 71 Conductors, Inserting 2747 65 Entrance Locations 2752 65 Service 2721 62 Reactors 2896-2898 78 Grounding 2897 78 Oil-Filled Reactors 2898 78 Receptacles 31 Adapters 2510.58(b) Attachment Plugs 2510.56(a) 31 Disconnecting Portable Appliances 2522.22 31 Grounding Type 2510.7(a), 2510.58 31 Live Parts 2510.4 30 Maximum Voltage 2510.1 30 Non-Grounding Type 2510.7(a), 2510.58 31 Noninterchange Ability 2510.56(b) 31 Portable Appliances 2522.22(b) 31 Skirted Plugs 2510.7(b) 31 Resistors 2896-2898 78 Roof Installations 2808 70 Rotating Machinery and Its Control Apparatus 77 Conductors 2881 Generators 77 Circuit Protection 2884 Grounding 2884(a) 77 Identification 2885(c) 78 Overload Protection 2884(d) 78 Identification 2885 78 Motors 77 Circuit Protection 2883 Control 2882.1(a), (c) 77 Grounding 2883(b) 77 Identification 2885(b) 78 Overload Protection 2883(d) 77 Scope 2880 76 Service and Service Entrance Equipment 62 Application 2719 Buildings, Service Through 2722 62 Capacity Requirements 2720(a) 62 Clearances 2723 62 Conductors 2723 62 Raceways 2724 62 Enclosure 2726 63 Isolating Switches 2732 63 Load 62 Character 2720(c) Isolation 2731 63 Location 2720(d) 62 Location 62 Lightning Protection Equipment 2725(b) Load 2720(d) 62 Overcurrent Protection 2728 63 Isolation Requirements 2731 63

748

INDEX

Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Service and Service Entrance Equipment (continued) 63 Paralleling Switches 2732 Raceways 2721 62 Service Continuity 2720(b) 62 Switches in Parallel 2730 63 Switching Requirements 2729 63 Service Stations 2540.7 37 Sewage Wastewater Wells 39 Definitions 2540.10(a) Hazardous Locations 2540.10(b) 39 Signs Exceeding 600 Volts Conductor Installation 91 2970 Electric-Discharge Tubing 91 2972 Terminals and Electrode Receptacles 2973

Switches on Doors 91 2974 Transformers 91 2971 Low-Voltage Safety Orders Clearances 47 2560.10 Snow Melting Equipment 32 Disconnecting Means 2526.50 Scope 2526.1 32 Solar Photovoltaic Systems 2588.1-2588.3 53 Solidly Grounded Neutral Systems 2740 64 Sound Reproduction 2552.3 44 Splices, Flexible Cords and Cables 2500.9 30 Suddenly Moving Parts 2390.41(b) 24 Swimming Pools (see also Swimming Pools entry) 2569.1-2569.31 Receptacles 2569.5 50 Switchboards 29 Busbars, Support and Arrangement 2484.3 Conductors, Support and Arrangement 2484.3 29 Knife Switches 2484.24 29 Switches 78 Capacitors 2890 Disconnecting Switches 2835 73 Emergency Systems 2571.21 50 Enclosures 2480.3 29 Fixed Electric Space Heaters 2524.21 32 Fused Interrupter Switches 2834 73 Interrupter Switches 72, 73 Fused 2833, 2834 Isolating Switches 2835 73 Knife Switches (see also Knife Switches 29 under this heading) 2480.6-2480.7, 2484.24 Metal-Enclosed Bus 2770 67 Outline Lighting Exceeding 600 Volts 2974 91 Portable Switchboards on Stage 2552.53(c) 44 Protective Devices 2340.27 21 Signs Exceeding 600 Volts 2974 91 Transformers 2876 75 Temporary Wiring 2405.1-2405.4 27-28 Assembly Places 2551.2(b) 44 Construction Sites 2405.4 28 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2797-2799.0 68 Guarding 2798 69 Time Limit 2799.0 69 Use 2797 68 Temporary Poles 2405.3 28 Tests 2320.3 18 Transformers 75 Access Openings 2874(d) Flooding, Protection From 2875(c) 75

Section #, Page #

Emergencies

Section #, Page #

Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Wastewater Wells 39 Definitions 2540.10(a) Hazardous Locations 2540.10(b) 39 Water, Work Over or Near 2940.5 82 Welders Disconnecting Means 48 Arc Welders 2563.23 Resistance Welders 2563.33 48 Overcurrent Protection 2563.22 48 Wiring Methods Conductors 65 Bending Radius 2748 Different Systems 2746 65 Overcurrent Devices 2751 65 Raceways, Inserting in 2747 65 Covers Required 2745.0 65 Grounding 2750 65 Outdoor Wiring 2823(b) 71 Workers, Qualified Persons 2320.1 18 Workspace 80 Access 2931 Clear Spaces 2340.16(c) 20 Electric Equipment 2340.16 20 Entrance and Access 2340.16(d) 21 Headroom 2340.16(f) 21 Illumination 2340.16(e) 21 Work Space 2340.16(b) 20 Enclosure 2930 80 Entrance 2931 80 Guarding 2930 80 Illumination 2933 81 Installation, Outdoor Enclosure 2935 81 Minimum Depth 2932(a) 80 Open Spaces 2936 81 Passageways 2936 81 Suitable Space 2932(b) 80 Unguarded Live Parts, Elevation 2934 81 X-Ray Equipment 49 Control 2566.3 Disconnecting Means 2566.2 49 Electrical Installations and Equipment Motor Controllers Grounding 79 Mobile and Portable Equipment 2912 Electronic News Gathering 91 Definitions 2980 Overhead Power Lines 2981 91 Preventing Vehicle Accidents 2981 91 Employee Training 2982 92 Safety Inspections 2983 92 Electroplating and Electrostripping 50 Scope 2580.1 Wiring Methods 2580.6 51 Energized Equipment or Systems 2320.2(a)(6) 18 Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators, Moving Walks, Wheelchair Lifts, 48 and Stairway Chair Lifts 2562.1-2562.7 Disconnecting Means 2562.2 48 Identification and Signs 2562.3 48 Interconnection Between Multicar Controllers 2562.6 48 Motor Controllers 2562.7 48 Single-Car and Multicar Installations 2562.4 48 Warning sign for Multiple Disconnecting Means 2562.5 48 Emergencies 583 Acrylonitrile 5213(i) 1,3-Butadiene 5201(j) 472 Cadmium 5207(h) 490 Coke Oven Emissions 5211(n) 572 Definitions 5192(a)(3) 382 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane (DBCP) 5212(i) 576

INDEX

749

IX Subject Index

Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Transformers (continued) 76 Grounding 2878 High Fire Point Liquid-Insulated Transformers 2875(b) 75 Identification 2874(c) 75 Installations 75 Indoor 2875(a) Outdoor 2875(e) 75 Outline Lighting Exceeding 600 Volts 2971 91 Overcurrent Protection 2877 76 Physical Damage, Protection From 2874(b) 75 Scope 2873 75 Signs Exceeding 600 Volts 2971 91 Switching 2876 75 Toxic Gases, Protection Against 2875(d) 75 Ventilation 2874(a) 75 Warning Signs 2874(e) 75 Transformers and Transformer Vaults, Low-Voltage Safety Orders 34 Location 2533.2 Scope 2533.1 34 Tree Trimming Operations, Line Clearance 90 2950 2951 90 Tubular Steel Power Line Poles 87 2942 Tunnels 2914-2923 79 Bonding 2917 79 Conductors 2916 79 Disconnecting Means 2921 79 Enclosures 2922 79 Energized Parts 2919 79 Grounding 2923 79 Grounding Conductor 2917 79 Overcurrent Protection 2915 79 Physical Damage, Protection Against 2914(c), 2918 79 Scope 2914(a) 79 Ventilation System Controls 2920 79 Variances 60 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2709 Low-Voltage Safety Orders 2305.3 18 Vaults 69 Ceiling Access 2805(d) Doors 2805(c) 69 Drainage 2805(h) 69 Flammable Gas, Equipment Containing 2807 69 Foreign Pipes and Accessories 2805(i) 69 Locked 2810 70 Oil-Filled Equipment, Containing 2806 69 Strength 2805(a) 69 Underground 2813 70 Ventilating Ducts 2805(e) 69 Ventilating Openings 2805(f) 69 Ventilation 2805(g) 69 Wall Material 2805(b) 69 Voltage 81 Determination 2940.1 Lampholders 2510.1 30 Light Fixtures 2510.1 30 Marking 2340.21 21 Receptacles 2510.1 30 Warning Signs 90 Cranes 2947 Derricks 2947 90 Doors or Gates 2811 70 Drilling Rigs 2947 90 Hay Loaders 2947 90 Hay Stackers 2947 90 Pile Drivers 2947 90 Power Shovels 2947 90 Transformers 2874(e) 75

Emergencies Emergencies (continued) 106 Emergency Action Plan 3220 Ethylene Dibromide 5219(i) 625 Ethylene Oxide 5220(h) 628 Formaldehyde 5217(k) 603 Hazardous Wastes 5192(l), (q) 388 Medical Treatment 3400 159 4,4-Methylenebis 5215(h) 599 Methylenedianiline 5200(d) 461 Vinyl Chloride 5210(i) 568 Emergencies, Electrical Systems (see also Emergency Systems 50 under Electrical Installations and Equip.) 2571.1-2571.30 Emergency Action Plan 3220 106 Emergency Medical Services 3400 159 Emergency Systems 50 Scope 2571.1 Wiring Methods 2571.9-2571.30 50 Employers' Obligation to 340.1 7 Employers' Obligation to Provide Information to Employees 1 7 Energized Equipment or Systems 2320.2 18 Engraving Presses, Hand Fed 4445 238 Equipment and Tools (see also Machinery entry) 3555-3559.1 180-181 Airless Spray Guns 3559.1 181 Amusement Rides, Assembly and Disassembly 3911(d) 207 Definitions 180 Jack 3555 Rating 3555 180 General 3556 180 Hand Tools 167 Climber Spurs 3426(d) Cutting Tools 3330(b) 149 Placing and Removing Materials 3330(a) 149 Portable Power Hand Tools 167 Backpack Power Units 3425(b) Pruners and Saws 3426(b) 167 Ropes 3426(c) 167 Window Cleaning 3289 127 Industrial Plants (see also Equipment 149 under Plants, Industrial entry) 3328 Jacks 3562 181 Definition 3555 180 Rating, Definition 3555 180 Ladders (see also Ladders entry) 3277 116 Pneumatic Tools 3559 181 Portable Tools 180 Controls 3557 Switches 3557 180 Portable Winches 3564 182 Powder-Actuated Tools 3559 181 Power Lawn Mowers 3563 181 Rope Access Equipment 3270.1 112 Slings (see also Slings entry) 5040-5049 280-283 Tire Inflation Equipment 3325 148 Ergonomics, Repetitive Motion Injuries 5110 302 Ethylene Dibromide 624 Application 5219(a) Compliance Methods 5219(f) 625 Definitions 5219(b) 624 Emergencies 5219(i) 625 Employee Training 5219(j), 5219 Appendix A 627 Exposure Monitoring 5219(e) 625 Medical Surveillance 5219(m) 626 Permissible Exposure Limit 5219(c) 624 Protective Clothing and Equipment 5219(g) 625 Receipt of Materials 5219(n) 626 Recordkeeping 5219(l) 626 Respiratory Protection 5219(h) 625 Scope 5219(a) 624 Signs 5219(k) 626

750

INDEX

Ethylene Oxide 627 Application 5220(a) Compliance Methods 5220(f) 628 Definitions 5220(b) 627 Emergencies 5220(h) 628 Exposure Monitoring 5220(d) 627 Hazard Communication 5220(j) 629 Medical Surveillance Guidelines 5220(i) 628 5220 Appendix C 633 Observation 5220(l) 630 Permissible Exposure Limit 5220(c) 627 Personal Protective Equipment 5220(g)(4) 628 Recordkeeping 5220(k) 630 Regulated Areas 5220(e) 628 Respiratory Protection 5220(g) 628 Sampling and Analytical Method 5220 Appendix D 634 Scope 5220(a) 627 Substance Safety Data Sheet 5220 Appendix A 630 Substance Technical Guidelines 5220 Appendix B 633 Excavations 86 Metal Tower Construction 2941.1(a) High-Voltage Cables, Conductors, or Equipment 2943(c) Exits (see also Exits under Plants, Industrial entry) 3215 Explosives 5236-5374 639-664 Black Powder 641 Blasting 5243 Propellants 5373 664 Blasting 5241 641 Blasting Operations During Storms 5245 642 Competency and Qualifications of Blasters 5238 641 Definitions 5237 639 Disposal 5240 641 Firing 5291 651 Handling 5276 649 Loading 5278 649 Near Power Lines 5279 650 Pneumatic Loading 5280 650 Magazines 646 Construction 5253.1 Heating 5254 646 Storage 5251 642 5256 647 Type 1 5253.1(a) 646 Type 2 5253.1(b) 646 Type 3 5253.1(c) 646 Type 4 5253.1(d) 646 Type 5 5253.1(e) 646 Use 5253.1 646 Ventilation 5253.1(f) 646 Manufacturing and Processing 5319-5530 656-658 Change Rooms 5324 656 Equipment 5328 657 Explosives Operations 5329 657 Food 5325 656 Operating Buildings 657 Buildings and Equipment 5328 Intraline Separation 5327 656 Plans of Plant 5321 656 Reporting Requirements 5320 656 Scope 5319 656 Testing 5330 658 Training 5322 656 Washing Facilities 5324 656 Marine Terminal Operations 3462 173 Mixing 5340-5348 658-659 Buildings 5342 658 Composition 5345 658 Location 5341 658 Mix Room Equipment 5344 658

87 106

Section #, Page #

Fire Prevention

Section #, Page #

Exposure (continued) 475 Methylene Chloride 5202(c), (d) Methylenedianiline 5200(c), (e) 461 Noise 5095-5100 297-299 Definitions 5095(b) 297 Exposure Limits 5096 297 Recordkeeping 5100 299 Scope 5095(a) 297 Vinyl Chloride 5210(c), (d) 568 Exposure Monitoring 5207(n)(1) 495 Eye Protection 3382 156 Emergency Eyewash 5162 353 Fire Fighters 3404 161 Lasers 3382(e) 157 Ultra-Violet Radiation 5079(a) 295

IX Subject Index

Explosives (continued) Mixing (continued) On-Site Mixed Water Gels, 659 Slurries, Emulsions, and Blasting Agents 5348 Transportation 5340(a), 5347 658, 659 Open Flame Near 5246 642 Permits 5247(a) 642 Purpose 5236 639 Small Arms Ammunition 664 Primers 5374 Scope 5370 664 Storage 5371 664 Smokeless Propellants 664 5372 Smoking Near 642 5246 Storage 5251 642 Ammonium Nitrate 5360 663 Blasting Agents 5346 659 Quantity and Distance Table 5253 645 Bulk Storage 5363 663 Containers 5362 663 Permits 5247(a) 642 Quantity and Distance Table 5252-5253 643-645 Scope. 5359 663 Structures. 5361 663 Underground. 5258 647 Tamping Poles or Devices 5277 649 Training 5239 641 Transportation 5262 647 Aircraft 5269 649 Blasting Agents 5340(a), 5347 658 Hoisting 5265 648 Lowering 5265 648 Manual Transportation 5268 649 Permits 5247(a) 642 Rail Transportation 5266 649 Special Trackless Vehicles 5267 649 Terminals 5270 649 Underground Transportation 5264 648 Hoisting 5265 648 Lowering 5265 648 Water Gels 5340(b) 658 Water Transportation 5269 649 Underground Use 5244 642 Use 5276 649 Water Gels 5242 641 On-Site Mixed Water Gels, 659 Slurries, Emulsions, and Blasting Agents 5348 Transportation 5340(b) 658 Well Service Industry 5267-5270 649 Assembly 5312 655 Firing with Electricity 5314 656 Loading 5312 655 Storage 5313 655 Transportation 5313 655 Explosives (see also Blasting entry) Exposure 582 Acrylonitrile 5213(c), (e) Arsenic, Inorganic 5214(c), (e) 592 Asbestos (see also Exposure under Asbestos entry) 5208(c), (d) Benzene 5218(c), (e) 615 Bloodborne Pathogens 5193(c) 400 Coke Oven Emissions 5211(c), (e) 570 Cotton Dust 5190(c), (d) 362 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane (DBCP) 5212(c), (f) 575 Ethylene Dibromide 5219(c), (e) 624 Ethylene Oxide 5220(c), (d) 627 Formaldehyde 5217(c), (d) 601 Lead 5198(c), (d) 428

540

Falls and Fall Protection 137 Powered Platforms and Equipment Appendix C Window Cleaning Appendix C 137 Date Palm Operations 3458 172 Electrical Installations and Equipment 82 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2940.6(b) Low-Voltage Safety Orders 2320.8 19 Powered Platforms and Equipment 3284(c) 126 3299 136 Signs, Outdoor 3416 164 Window Cleaning 3284(c) 126 Farm Workers (see also Agricultural Laborers entry) 3457 170 Fertilizers, Applicator Rigs, Tanks, and Vessels 3453 170 Film Storage Vaults 46 Lamps 2553.51 Prohibited Electrical Equipment 2553.52 46 Fire Alarm Systems and Devices 6184 712 Employee Alarm Systems 6184 712 Fixed Extinguishing Systems 6175 710 Sprinkler Systems 710 Automatic 6170 Foam Water 6182 711 Water Spray 6182 711 Fire Alarm Systems and Devices 712 (see also Fire Extinguishers, Fire Prevention entries) 6184 Fire Extinguishers 6175 710 Fixed Systems 6175 710 Dry Chemical 6180 711 Foam Water 6182 711 Gaseous Systems 6181 711 Water Spray 6182 711 Portable 6151 708 Fire Fighters 3407, 3408 162 Fire Fighters, Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment 159 Application 3401 Body Protection 3406 161 Definitions 3402 160 Ear Protection 3405 161 Eye Protection 3404 161 Face Protection 3404 161 Foot Protection 3408 162 Hand Protection 3407 162 Head Protection 3403 161 Neck Protection 3405 161 Personal Alarms 3401(c) 159 Private Fire Brigades 3411(d) 164 Respiratory Protection 3409 162 Wildland Fire Fighting 3410 163 Wrist Protection 3407 162 Fire Prevention 712 Alarms (see also Fire Alarm Systems and Devices entry) 6184 Bulk Plants 5624 696 Container and Portable Tank Storage 5543 682

INDEX

751

Fire Prevention Fire Prevention (continued) 253 Cutting Operations 4848 Definitions 6150 707 Dip Tanks 5434 668 Extinguishers (see also Fire Extinguishers entry) 6175 710 Fire Detection Systems 6183 712 Gas Stations 5581 687 Industrial Plants 5548 683 Processing Plants 5559 684 Service Stations 5581 687 Spray Coating Operations 5452 671 Sprinkler Systems 6170, 6182 710, 711 Standpipe and Hose Systems 6165 709 Testing Employee Alarm Systems 6184(d) 712 Fire Detection Systems 6183(c) 712 Portable Fire Extinguishers 6151(e) 708 Standpipe and Hose Systems 6165(f) 709 Welding Operations 4848 253 Fire Prevention Plan 3221 107 Fire Safety (see also Fire Safety under Plants, Industrial entry) 3221 107 Fireworks, Pyrotechnics Definitions 5237 639 Disposal 5240 641 Manufacturing Change Rooms 5324 656 Equipment 5328 657 Explosives Operations 5329 657 Food 5325 656 Operating Buildings Buildings and Equipment 5328 657 Intraline Separation 5327 656 Plans of Plant 5321 656 Reporting Requirements 5320 656 Scope 5319 656 Testing 5330 658 Training 5322 656 Washing Facilities 5324 656 Open Flame Near 5246 642 Permits 5247 642 Purpose 5236 639 Smoking Near 5246 642 Training 5239 641 First Aid Agricultural Operations 3439 168 Diving Operations 6052(f) 698 Fumigation 5221(c) 636 Marine Terminal Operations 3464(b) 174 Medical Services and First Aid 3400 159 Tree Work 3421(j) 166 Fixed Industrial Stairs 3234 109 Fixed Ladders 3277 116 Flammable Gases Definitions 5415 665 Discharge Location 3310(d) 145 Hydrogen (see also Hydrogen entry) 5465-5498 673-676 Ignition Sources 5416(c) 666 Oxygen (see also Oxygen entry) 5500-5509 677-679 Process Safety Management 5189 357 Ventilation 5416(a) 666 Flammable Liquids Aboveground Tanks (see also Tanks, this heading) 5589-5596 687-691 Atmospheric Tanks 5585 687 Bulk Plants 5614-5624 694-696 Buildings 5617 694 Drainage 5623 696 Electrical Equipment 2540.8, 5621 38, 695 Fire Control 5624 696 Ignition Sources 5622 696

752

INDEX

Fire Prevention (continued) Bulk Plants (continued) 694 Loading Facilities 5619 Scope 5614 694 Storage 5616 694 Unloading Facilities 5619 694 Ventilation 5618 694 Waste Disposal 5623 696 Wharves 5620 695 Carboys, Containing 5418 667 Chemical Plants 5629 696 Containers 5420 667 Bulk Plants 5616 694 Capacity 5532 680 Carboys, Storage 5418(a) 667 Construction 5532 680 Covering 5417(e) 667 Design 5532 680 Drums, Storage 5418(a) 667 Gauges 5417(f) 667 Marking 5417(a) 666 Processing Plants, Storage 5557 683 Spraying 5417(c) 667 Tanks 5420 667 Vats 5420 667 Definitions 5415 665 Dip Tanks 5426-5439 667-669 Construction 5426 667 Containers 5431(b) 668 Conveyor Systems 5429 668 Covers 5435 668 Electrostatic Apparatus 5438 669 Fire Protection 5434 668 Flow Coat 5437 669 Hardening and Tempering Tanks 5436 668 Heating Liquids 5430 668 Ignition Sources 5432 668 Maintenance 5433 668 Operations 5433 668 Roll Coating 5439 669 Salvage Tanks 5428 668 Storage 5431(a) 668 Ventilation 5427 667 Distilleries 5629 696 Drums, Containing 5418 667 Electrical Installations and Equipment 5530 679 Low Pressure Tanks 5586 687 Piping Systems 5606-5612 693-694 Corrosion, Protection Against 5610 694 Design 5606(a) 693 Materials 5607 693 Pipe Joints 5608 694 Supports 5609 694 Testing 5612 694 Valves 5607, 5611 693-694 Pressure Vessels 5587 687 Processing Plants 5554-5562 684 Construction 5556 683 Fire Control 5559 684 Housekeeping 5562 684 Ignition Sources 5560 684 Location 5555 683 Maintenance 5561 684 Repair 5561 684 Scope 5554 683 Storage 5557 683 Tank Vehicle and Tank Car Loading and Unloading 5558 Refineries 5629 696

684

Section #, Page #

Formaldehyde

Section #, Page #

Flammable Vapors 667 Carboys 5418(c) Definitions 5415 665 Discharge Location 3310(d) 145 Drums 5418(d) 667 Ignition Sources 5416(b), (c) 666 Smoking, Prohibited 5416(d) 666 Ventilation 5416(a) 666 Food 241 Air Conditioning Units 4536 Bakery Ovens 4530 241 Blenders 4531 241 Bread Coolers 4536 241 Cake Cutters 4541 242 Candy 243 Caramel Slitters 4550 Cutters 4549 242 Nougat Cutters 4551 243 Consumption 3368 154 Dividers 4545 242 Dough Brake 4544 242 Dumpbins 4531 241 Fermentation Rooms 4536 241 Fish Grinders 4552 243 Flour Sifters, Enclosure 4534 241 Food Grinders 4552 243 Food Patty Machines, Hand-Fed 4554 243 Garbage Disposal Equipment 4559 243 Ice Breakers and Crushers 4556 243 Ice Cubing and Ice Scoring Machines 4555 243 Meat 243 Meat Choppers 4553 Meat Cutting Band Saw Blades 4543 242 Meat Grinders 4552 243 Mixers 4542 242 Moulders 4546 242 Pan Washing Tanks 4538 241 Pomace Pumps 4539 242 Pressure Bottling Machine 4540 242 Pyrotechnics, Near 656 5325 Rotary Dough Kneaders 4547 242 Screw Conveyors 4533 241 Slicers 4548 242 Steam Kettles, Locking Devices 4537 241 Storage Bins 4532 241 Trough Hoists 4535 241 Wrappers 4548 242 Foot Protection 3385 157 Forklifts (see also Industrial Trucks 195 under Plants, Industrial entry) 3650 Formaldehyde 601 Application 5217(a) Compliance Methods 5217(f) 602 Definitions 5217(b) 601 Emergencies 5217(k) 603 Employee Training 5217(n) 605 Exposure Monitoring 5217(d) 601 Hazard Communication 5217(m) 604 Housekeeping 5217(j) 603 Hygiene 5217(i) 602 Medical Disease Questionnaire 5217 Appendix D 614 Medical Surveillance Guidelines 5217(l), Appendix C 603, 612 Permissible Exposure Limit 5217(c) 601 Protective Equipment and Clothing 5217(h) 602 Recordkeeping 5217(o) 605 Regulated Areas 5217(e) 601 Respiratory Protection 5217(g) 602 Sampling Strategy and Analytical Methods 5217 Appendix B 608 Scope 5217(a) 601

INDEX

753

IX Subject Index

Fire Prevention (continued) Storage 681 Assembly Occupancies 5537 Buildings 681 Containing More Than Three Dwelling Units 5537 Inside Buildings. 5536-5541 681 Outside Buildings 5542 681 Design and Construction 680 Containers 5532 Inside Storage Rooms 5534 680 Storage Cabinets 5533 680 Educational Occupancies 5538 681 Fire Control 5543 682 Hotels 5537 681 Inside Storage Rooms 5535 681 Design and Construction 5534 680 Institutional Occupancies 5538 681 Office Occupancies 5538 681 Storage Cabinets, Design and Construction 5533 680 Warehouses 5540, 5541 681 Tanks 5420 667 Aboveground Tanks 5420, 5589-5605 667, 687-693 Dikes 5595 691 Drainage 5595 691 Installation 5589 687 Location 5591 689 Openings Other Than Vents 5596 691 Separation from Important 689 Buildings on Same Property 5591 Service Stations 5566 684 Spacing Between 5590 689 Venting 689 Emergency Relief Venting 5593 Normal Venting 5592 689 Vent Piping 5594 690 Walls 5595 691 Anchorage 5602 693 Atmospheric Tanks 5585 687 Combustible Liquids, Liquid Level 687 Indicators and Temperature Regulators 5585.1 Corrosion 5588 687 Fabrication 5584 687 Flooded Areas, Protection 5605 693 Foundations 5602 693 Ignition Sources 5603 693 Inside Buildings 692 Openings Other Than Vents 5601 Vents 5600 692 Installation 692 Inside Buildings 5600 Outside Aboveground Tanks 5589 687 Underground Tanks 5597 691 Internal Corrosion 5588 687 Low Pressure Tanks 5586 687 Materials 5583 687 Pressure Vessels 5587 687 Processing Plants 5557 683 Sources of Ignition 5603 693 Supports 5602 693 Testing 5604 693 Underground Tanks 691 Installation 5597 Openings Other Than Vents 5599 692 Vents 5598 692 Valves 5607 693 Vats 5420 667 Wharves 5620 695 Wineries 5629 696

Fountains Fountains 2569.51 50 Fruits and Vegetables 627 Ethylene Dibromide Exposure 5219 Appendix A Metal Fruit-Picking Poles 3455(b) 170 Fueling (see also Fuel, 147 Gasoline under Service Stations entry) 3319 Fumigation 636 Antidotes 5221(c) Buildings 5223 636 Chambers 5222 636 Cracks and Crevices, Sealing 5223(a)(1) 636 Doors, Sealing 5223(a)(2) 636 First Aid 5221(c) 636 Food Products 5222(a) 636 Ignition Sources, Removal 5222(e), 5223(a)(8) 636 Respirators 5221(a) 636 Rooms 5223(a)(4), (5) 637 Testing Air 637 Buildings 5223(a)(6) Chambers 5222(c) 636 Rooms 5223(a)(6) 637 Vaults 5222(c) 636 Textiles 5222(a) 636 Vaults 5222 636 Warning Signs 636 Buildings 5223(a)(2) Chambers 5222(b) 636 Rooms 5223(a)(2) 636 Vaults 5222(b) 636 Windows, Sealing 5223(a)(2) 636

G Gantry Crane (Fig. 2) 4885

260

Gantry Trucks (see also 205 Gantry Trucks under Plants, Industrial entry) 3801-3809 Garages, Commercial 36 Battery Charging Equipment 2540.5(c) Electrical Installations and Equipment 2540.5 36 Hazardous Areas 2540.5(b) 36 Scope 2540.5(a) 36 Garbage (see also Waste Disposal entry) 4559 243 Gas Masks (see also Respirators entry) 5144 304 Gas Stations (see also Service Stations entry) 5565-5581 684-687 Gasoline (see also Gasoline under Service Stations entry) 5571 685 Generators Welding (see also Generators 249 under Welding, Gas Systems entry) 4797 Glass Working Machines 4625, 4626 245 Grain Handling Facilities 5178 354 Grounding (see also Grounding under Electrical Installations and 24-27 Equipment entry) 2395.1-2395.114 Guarding 212 Belt and Pulley Drives 4070 Capacitors 78 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2888(b) Low-Voltage Safety Orders 2534.2(b) 34 Clearances 3944 209 Equipment 2930 80 Extension Piston Rods 3997 211 Flywheels 3995 211 Friction Drives 4076 212 Gears 4075 212 High-Voltage Energized Parts 2860 74 Live Parts 2553.15 45 Low-Voltage Energized Parts 2861 74 Moving Parts 4002 211 Point of Operation 4184 213 4186 213 Sprocket Chain Drives 4075 212 Sprockets 4075 212

754

INDEX

Guarding (continued) 44 Stage Switchboard 2552.22 Standards 3943 209 Substations 2553.64 46 Tail Rods and Crossheads 3997 211 Temporary Wiring 2798 69 Types 3942 209 Guardrails (see also Guardrails under Plants, Industrial entry) 3209

103

H Hammerhead Crane (Fig. 7) 4885 260 Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Equipment 3555 180 Hand Protection 3384 157 Haulage Vehicles 3666 201 Hazard Communication 408 Application 5194(b) Definitions 5194(c) 409 Hazard Determination 5194(d) 410 Labels 5194(f) 411 Material Safety Data Sheets 5194(g) 412 Scope 5194(b) 408 Terms and Provisions 5194 Appendix E 414 Training 5194(h) 412 Warning 5194(f) 411 Written Program 5194(e) 411 Hazardous substances Air Sampling and Analytical Procedures, 366 Concentrations of Cotton Dust 5190 Appendix A Chemicals, Occupational Exposure in Laboratories 376 Chemical Hygiene Plan 5191 Appendix A Clean-up or Removal Operations Levels of Protection and Protective Gear 5192 Appendix B 395 Personal Protective Equipment Test Methods 5192 Appendix A 393 Compressed Gas, Used to Transfer 145 Substances to Different Containers 3301(e) Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors, and Gases Biological Safety Cabinets 327 HEPA Filter Aerosol Test Protocol 5154.2 Appendix A Start Up and Shut Down Procedures 5154.2 Appendix B 327 Ventilation 5154.2 326 Grinding, Polishing, and Buffing 5152 319 Harmful Exposure, Control 5141 303 Heating, Ventilating, and Air 303 Conditioning Systems, Building Ventilation 5142 Internal Combustion Engine Exhaust Emission Control 5146 318 Laboratory-Type Hood Operations, Ventilation 5154.1 324 Mechanical Ventilation Systems 5143 304 Open-Surface Tank Operations 5154 322 Personal Protective Equipment 319 Abrasive Blasting Operations 5151(b) Grinding, Polishing, and Buffing Operations 5152 319 Open-Surface Tank Operations 5154 322 Spray Coating Operations 5153 322 Welding, Brazing, and Cutting 5150 318 Spray Coating Operations 5153 322 Ventilation 319 Abrasive Blasting 5151 Biological Safety Cabinets 5154.2 326 Grinding, Polishing, and Buffing Operations 5152 319 Laboratory-Type Hood Operations 5154.1 324 Open-Surface Tank Operations 5154 322 Spray Coating Operations 5153 322 Systems 303 Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning 5142 Mechanical 5143 304 Welding, Brazing, and Cutting 5150 318

Section #, Page #

Hoists and Hoisting

Section #, Page #

Hazardous substances (continued) 353 Mixing 5167(a) Molten Salt Baths 5188(a) 357 Nitrate Baths 5188(b) 357 Nitrocellulose 5187 356 Nitrous Oxide 5195 421 Overflow Control 5163 353 Processes 5167 353 Pyrophoric Substances 5176 354 Pyroxylin Plastic 5186 356 Respiratory Protection 5144 304 Definitions 5144(b) 304 Fit Testing 5144(f), 5144 Appendix A 307, 310 Medical Evaluation 5144(e) 306 Programs 5144(c) 305 Respirators 308 Care 5144(h) Maintenance 5144(h) 308 Selection 5144(d) 305 Use 5144(g) 307 Respiratory Questionnaire, 367 Cotton Dust Exposure 5190 Appendix B-I Scope 5160 352 Shower Equipment 5162 353 Spill Control 5163 353 Spontaneously Combustible Material 5177 354 Static Electricity 5168 353 Storage 5164 353 Sulfur 5196 421 Trade Secrets 5194(i) 413 Training 5194(h) 412 Hazardous Waste 381 Application 5192(a)(2) Clean-up or Removal Operations 5192 381 Compliance Guidelines 5192 Appendix C 396 Definitions 5192(a)(3) 382 Emergency Response 5192(l), (q) 388 Employee Training 5192(e) 385 Engineering Controls 5192(g) 386 Handling Drums and Containers 5192(j) 387 Medical Surveillance 5192(f) 385 Personal Protective Equipment 5192(c)(5) 384 Levels 5192 Appendix B 395 Program 5192(g)(5) 387 Selection 5192(g)(3) 386 Test Methods 5192 Appendix A 393 Safety and Health Programs 5192(b) 383 Scope 5192(a)(1) 381 Site 384 Characterization and Analysis 5192(c) Control 5192(d) 385 Temporary Workplace Sanitation 5192(n) 389 Training 5192(e) 385 Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response 5192 Hepatitis B 5193(f) 405 Vaccine Declination 407 5193 Appendix A Hoist and Tilt-Frame Equipment 4345 232 Hoists and Hoisting (see also Cranes entry) 272 Brakes 4971 Capacity Marking 4973 272 Chains 4980 272 Control Equipment 4975 272 Definitions 4885 257 Electrical Safety Orders 47 Clearance 2561.3 Combustible Materials 2561.2 47 Conductors 47 Enclosure 2561.11 Track and Runway 47 Conductor Disconnecting Means 2561.31

INDEX

IX Subject Index

Hazardous substances (continued) Emergency Response Levels of Protection and Protective Gear. 5192 Appendix B 395 Personal Protective Equipment Test Methods. 5192 Appendix A 393 Hazardous Chemicals, Occupational Exposure in Laboratories Chemical Hygiene Plan. 5191 Appendix A 376 Removal Operations (see also 381 Clean-up or Removal Operations, this heading). 5192 Respiratory Questionnaire, Cotton Dust Exposure 368 Abbreviated Questionnaire. 5190 Appendix B-III Non-Textile Workers. 5190 Appendix B-II 368 Acutely Hazardous Materials 360 List. 5189 Appendix A Process Safety Management. 5189 357 Airborne Contaminants. 5155 327 Aluminum. 5175 354 Bloodborne Pathogens. 5193 399 1,3-Butadiene. 5201 469 Chemicals, Occupational Exposure in Laboratories. 5191 374 Clean-up or Removal Operations. 5192 381 Compliance Guidelines. 5192 Appendix C 396 Combustible Dusts. 5174 354 Combustible Metals. 5175 354 Containers 353 Altering. 5166 Cleaning. 5166 353 Cutting. 5166(b) 353 Labels. 5194(f), 5194.1 411, 421 Repairing. 5166 353 Storage. 5164 353 Welding. 5166(b) 353 Cotton Dust. 5190 362 Cyanide, Open Surface Tanks. 5169 354 Definitions 382 Clean-up or Removal Operations. 5192(a)(3) Cotton Dust. 5190(b) 362 Emergency Response. 5192(a)(3) 382 General. 5161 352 Hazard Communication Programs. 5194(c) 409 Hazardous Chemicals. 5191(b) 374 Health Hazards. 5194 Appendix A 414 Dispensing Devices. 5165 353 Drums and Containers, Clean-up or Removal Operations. 5192(j) 387 Dusts, Combustible. 5174 354 Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors, and Gases. 5139-5155 303-327 Abrasive Blasting. 5151 319 Definitions. 5140 303 Fit Testing. 5144 (f), 5144 Appendix A 307, 310 Media for Allaying. 5145 318 Oxygen Deficiency. 5149 318 Purpose. 5139 303 Smoking. 5148 318 Suppressing. 5145 318 Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment. 5162 353 Emergency Response. 5192(q) 391 Compliance Guidelines. 5192 Appendix C 396 References. 5192 Appendix D 399 Equipment. 5167 353 Eyewash Equipment. 5162 353 Grain Handling Facilities. 5178 354 Hazard Communication 407 (see also Hazard Communication entry). 5194 Hazard Determination. 5194 Appendix B 414 Hazardous Chemicals, Occupational Exposure in Laboratories. 5191 374 Health Hazard Definitions. 5194 Appendix A 414 Information Sources. 5194 Appendix C 414 Lead. 5198 428 Marine Terminal Operations. 3463 173 Metals, Combustible. 5175 354 Methylene Chloride 5202 474

381

755

Hoists and Hoisting Hoists and Hoisting (see also Cranes entry) (continued) Electrical Safety Orders (continued) Disconnecting Means 2561.32 47 Flexible Cords and Cables 2500.7(a) 30 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2940.7(d), (e) 84 Limit Switch 2561.55 47 Motor Controllers 2561.51 47 Remote Control Circuits 2561.8 47 Scope 2561.1 47 Fire Extinguishers 4997 274 High-Voltage Lines, Accident Prevention 5003 275 Limit Device 4970 272 Loads Handling 4999 274 Overhead 5002 275 Riding Loads 4995 274 Loose Materials, Bulk Storage 3482(c) 179 Marine Terminal Operations 3472-3474 176-177 Mobile Towers 4986 273 Operating Practices 5008 277 Operating Rules (see also Operating Rules under Cranes entry) 4990 273 Operations 4985 273 Operator's Qualifications 5006 277 Refueling 4998 274 Riding Loads 4995 274 Ropes 4980 272 End Attachments 4981 272 Sheaves Nip-Points 4977, 4984 272, 273 Stops 4974 272 Tramways 4987 273 Trolley Frames 4972 272 Warning Devices 4976 272 HOOKAH Diving 6056(a)(5) 699 Hoppers Crop-Dusting Aircraft 3452(a) 170 Engulfment Danger 3482(b) 179 Guardrails 3481(a) 179 Ice Breakers or Crushers 4556 243 Industrial Plants 3481 179 Moulders 4546(a) 242 Pug Mills 4625(b) 245 Rubber Mills 4582(a) 244 Hydraulic Cranes and Excavators (see also Hydraulic Cranes and Excavators under Cranes entry) 4945-4955 270-271 Hydrogen Gaseous Hydrogen Systems 5465-5478 674-675 Consumer Sites 5465 674 Containers Design 5466(a) 674 Marking 5466(c) 674 Safety Relief Devices 5467(a) 674 Design 5466 674 Equipment Assembly 5469 674 Location 5472, 5473 674 Design Considerations 5474 675 Maintenance 5478 675 Marking, Storage Location 5470 674 Operating Instructions 5477 675 Safety Relief Devices 5467 674 Separate Buildings 5475 675 Special Rooms 5476 675 Testing 5471 674 Liquefied Hydrogen Systems 5480-5498 675-677 Consumer Sites 5480 675 Containers Bonding and Grounding 5490 676 Design 5481 675 Marking 5483 675 Safety Relief Devices 5484 675

Hydrogen (continued) Liquefied Hydrogen Systems (continued) 675 Design 5481 Electrical Systems 5489 676 Equipment Assembly 5486 676 Handling Inside Buildings 5493 677 Location 677 Design Considerations 5494 Storage 5491, 5492 676 Maintenance 5498 677 Marking 5483 675 Operating Instructions 5497 677 Piping, Tubing, and Fittings 5485 676 Roadways, Below Piping 5494(a) 677 Safety Relief Devices 5484 675 Separate Buildings 5495 677 Special Rooms 5496 677 Storage, Location 5491, 5492 676 Supports 5482 675 Testing 5487 676 Vaporizers 5488 676 Yard Surfaces, Below Piping 5494(a) 677

Ice and Snow 660-662 (see also Snow Avalanche Blasting entry) 5355-5358 Ignition Sources 185 Abrasive Wheels 3580(a) Advance Notice 331 1 Amusement Rides 3914 207 Fees 3916 207 Bulk Plants 5622 696 Cranes 5031 279 Derricks 5031 279 Dip Tanks 5432 668 Fumigation 5222(e) 636 Industrial Plants 5549 683 Industrial Truck Repair 3663(a) 199 Machinery 3328(b) 149 Marine Terminal Operations 3461(a) 173 Metal Forging Machines 4243 227 Nitrocellulose 5187(d)(4) 357 Powered Platforms 3296 134 Power-Operated Presses 4202 217 Processing Plants 5560 684 Service Stations 5580 687 Slings 5043 281 Spray Coating Operations 5449 670 Tanks 5603 693 Illumination (see also Lighting entry) 2933 81 Industrial Plants (see also Plants, Industrial entry) 5545 682 Industrial Tractors (see also 197 Industrial Tractors under Plants, Industrial entry) 3651 Industrial Trucks (see also 195 Industrial Trucks under Plants, Industrial entry) 3650 Injection Molding Machines 4600 245 Insecticides, Applicator Rigs, Tanks, and Vessels 3453 170 Irons (see also Irons under Appliances, Household entry) 2522.9-11 31 Irrigation Machines, Electrically Driven or Controlled 49 Cables 2568.4 Definitions 2568.2 49 Disconnecting Means 2568.8 49 Energy From More Than One Source 2568.16 49 Grounding 2568.12 49 Lightning Protection 2568.15 49

J Jacks (see also Jacks under Equipment and Tools entry) 181 3562

756

INDEX

Section #, Page #

Lightning

Section #, Page #

INDEX

757

IX Subject Index

Labels 600 4,4'-Methylenebis 5215(l) Acrylonitrile 5213(p)(3) 584 Arsenic, Inorganic 5214(l)(3) 594 Asbestos 5208(j)(4) 543 Automotive Lifts 3543 180 Benzene 5218(j)(1) 617 Bloodborne Pathogens 5193(g)(1)(A) 406 Cadmium 5207(m)(3) 495 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane (DBCP) 5212(o)(3) 578 Ethylene Dibromide 5219(k) 626 Ethylene Oxide 5220(j)(1) 629 Hazardous Substances 5194(f) 411 Inorganic Arsenic 5214(l)(3) 594 Methylenedianiline 5200(k)(1) 463 Non Asbestiform Tremolite, Anthophyllite, and Actinolite 5208.1(i) 564 Vinyl Chloride 5210(l) 569 Labor Camps, Permits 3350 152 Laboratories 326 Biological Safety Cabinets, Ventilation 5154.2 HEPA Filter Aerosol Test Protocol 5154.2 Appendix A 327 Start Up and Shut Down Procedures 5154.2 Appendix B 327 Bloodborne Pathogens 5193(e) 404 Chemical Hygiene 5191 Appendix A 376 Hazardous Chemicals, Occupational Exposure to 5191 374 Ventilation 326 Biological Safety Cabinets 5154.2 Requirements for Laboratory-Type Hood Operations 5154.1 324 Ladder Stands 3627 192 Casters 3622(g) 191 Definitions 3621 191 Fasteners 3622(d) 191 Load Rating 3622(b) 191 Materials 3622(c) 191 Scope 3620 191 Wheels 3622(g) 191 Work Levels 3622(f) 191 Ladders Definitions 116 Fixed Ladders 3277(b) Portable Wood Ladders 3278(b) 120 Design 116 Fixed Ladders 3277(c) Deterioration 117 Fixed Ladders 3277(e) Cages (Fig. 10) 3277 116 Cages (Fig. 11) 3277 116 Clearance (Fig. 6) 3277 116 Pitch (Fig. 12) 3277 116 Wells 3277 116 Electrical Installations and Equipment, High-Voltage Safety Orders 82 2940.6(d) Fixed Ladders Cages 3277(g) 117 Clearance 3277(f) 117 Definitions 3277(b) 116 Design 3277(c) 116 Deterioration 3277(e) 117 Extensions 3277(k) 118 Features 3277(d) 117 Grab Bars 3277(l) 118 Landing Platforms 3277(j) 118 Maintenance 3277(i) 118 Pitch 3277(h) 118 Safety Devices 3277(m) 118 Wells 3277(g) 117 3277 116 Ladder Stands (see also Ladder Stands entry) 3627 192

Ladders (continued) Maintenance Fixed Ladders. 3277(i) 118 Portable Wood Ladders. 3276(e) 115 Marine Terminal Operations. 3465(c) 174 Signs, Outdoor. 3413 164 Use General. 3276 114 Portable Wood Ladders. 3276(e) 115 Window Cleaning. 3287 127 Roof Ladder. 3277 116 Wood Ladders. 3276 114 Launderers (see also Cleaners and Launderers entry). 4481 240 Lawn Mowers, Power. 3563 181 Lead Application. 5198(a) 428 Compliance. 5198(e) 429 Definitions. 5198(b) 428 Employee Training. 5198(l) 433 Exposure Monitoring. 5198(d) 428 Housekeeping. 5198(h) 430 Hygiene. 5198(i) 430 Medical Removal Protection. 5198(k) 432 Medical Surveillance. 5198(j), 5198 App. B, App. C 430, 435, 439 Observation. 5198(o) 434 Permissible Exposure Limit. 5198(c) 428 Protective Clothing and Equipment. 5198(g) 429 Recordkeeping. 5198(n) 433 Respiratory Protection. 5198(f) 429 Scope. 5198(a) 428 Signs. 5198(m) 433 Substance Data Sheet. 5198 Appendix A 434 Leather and Composition Goods Machines. 4510-4522 240-241 Clicking Machines. 4510 240 Dinking Machines. 4510 240 Embossing Machines. 4511 241 Fleshing Machines. 4520 241 Special Types. 4521 241 Heel Compressing Machines. 4512 241 Roll Type Machines. 4518 241 Skiving Machines. 4513 241 Splitters Band Knife. 4515 241 Stationary Knife. 4514 241 Strippers. 4516 241 Tanning Drums. 4517 241 Unhairing Machines. 4519 241 Special Types. 4521 241 Whitening Machines. 4522 241 Life Rings. 3389 157 Lighting Amusement Rides, Assembly and Disassembly. 3911(e) 207 Boom-Type Mobile Cranes. 4940 270 Electrical Equipment High-Voltage Safety Orders. 2933 81 Emergence. 2571.16 50 Emergency. 2571.16 50 Fixtures (see also Light Fixtures under Electrical Installations and Equipment entry). 2510.1 30 Gantry Trucks. 3808 205 Generator Houses or Rooms. 4807(c) 249 Industrial Plants. 3317 147 Industrial Trucks. 3650(h) 196 Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills. 4408 235 Lightning 2900-2904 79 Lightning Arresters Clearances. 2901 79 Connections. 2902 79 Flammable Atmospheres. 2900 79 Grounding. 2903 79 Identification 2904 79

Lightning Lightning (continued) Protection Equipment 2725(b) 62 Rods, Use of 2395.86 27 Liquid Sulfur, Handling 4414 236 Live Loads 3241 111 Lockout/Tagout 3314 146

M Machinery (see also Equipment and Tools entry) 146 Adjusting 3314 Belt and Pulley Drives 212 Belt Tighteners 4071 Guarding 4070 212 Belt Shifters 3998 211 Clay Working Machines 4626 245 4625 245 Cleaning 3314 146 Connecting Rods 3996 211 Cranks 3996 211 Defective Parts 3328(c) 149 Definitions 3941, 4188 209, 214 Design 3328(a) 149 Extension Piston Rods 3997 211 Flywheels 3995 211 Foot-Operated Devices 4185 213 Glass Working Machines 4626 245 4625 245 Guarding (see also Guarding entry) 3944 209 Hazardous Energy Control 3314 146 Industrial Plants (see also Plants, Industrial entry) 5545 682 Injection Molding Machines 4600 245 Inspection 3328(b) 149 Lockout/Tagout 3314 146 Maintenance 3328(b) 149 Modification 3328(f) 149 Moving Parts 4002 211 Oiling, Openings for 3945 210 Plastic Processing Machinery 4600 245 4601 245 Power Controls 4001 211 Process Machine Power Controls 4000 211 Repairing 3314 146 Rubber and Composition Working Machines (see also Rubber 244-245 and Composition Working Machines entry) 4580-4592 Servicing 3314 146 Setting-Up 3314 146 Stone Working Machines 4626 245 4625 245 Tail Rods and Crossheads 3997 211 Textile Machinery and Equipment (see also Textile Machinery and 238-239 Equipment entry) 4456-4476 Thermo-Setting Plastic Molding Presses 4601 245 Tubing Machines 4589 245 Woodworking (see also Woodworking 227-231 Machines and Equipment entry) 4296-4324 Manholes 87 Work Near Underground High-Voltage Cables 2943(b) Manuals, Diving Operations 6052(b), 6054 698, 699 Marine Service Stations 684-687 (see also Service Stations Entry) 5565-5581 Marine Terminal Operations 3459-3475 172-174 Accident Prevention 3454(a) 170 Asbestos 3463(c) 173 Barges 3461(d) 173 Bridles 3474 177 Carbon Monoxide 3463(a) 173 Cargo 173 Access to Vessels 3461(k) Bulk Cargo Handling Devices 5024 279 Handling Gear 3461(a) 173 Hazardous 3462 173 Obstruction 3461(k) 173 Repairing Leaks and Damages 3461(o) 173

758

INDEX

Marine Terminal Operations 176 Chutes 3471 Covers, Stowing 3461(j) 173 Cranes 3472 176 Definitions 3460 172 Drafts 3461(b) 173 Employees, Hoisting 3461(g) 173 Facilities 3465 174 Fires 3461(n) 173 First Aid 3464(b) 174 Fittings 3474 177 Garbage, Near Work Area 3461(m) 173 Gravity Conveyors 3471 176 Hatch Beams, Stowing 3461(j) 173 Hazardous Atmospheres 3463 173 Warning Signs 3461(l) 173 Hazardous Cargo 3462 173 Hazardous Substances 3463 173 Hoisting Equipment 3472 176 Hooks 3474 177 Industrial Trucks 3469 176 Inspections, Cargo Handling Gear and Equipment 3461(a) 173 Intermodal Containers 3466 174 Ladders 3465(c) 174 Log Handling 3467 175 Maintenance and Repair Work Near Longshoring Operations 3470 176 Nails 3461(c) 173 Pallets 3468 175 Pesticides 3463(b) 173 Pontoons, Stowing 3461(j) 173 Railcars 3461(d) 173 Repair and Maintenance Work Near Longshoring 3470 176 Rollers 3471 176 Scope 3459 172 Shore-Based Material Handling Devices, Certification 3473 177 Signs 3465(d) 174 3465(e) 174 Slings 3474 177 Unitized Loads, Hoisting 3461(f) 173 Vehicles 3475 178 3459 172 Meat (see also Meat under Food entry) 4552 243 4553 243 Medical Services and First Aid 3400 159 Metal Working Machines 4227-4243 225-227 Abrading, Buffing, and Polishing Machines 4237 226 Air-Lift Hammers 4240 227 Alligator Shears 4236 226 Bar Stock Machines 4233 226 Board Drophammers 4241 227 Circular Metal-Cutting Saws 4231 225 Forging Machines Air-Lift Hammers 4240 227 Board Drophammers 4241 227 Definitions 4239(a) 226 Dies 4242 227 Drop Hammers 4239(c) 226 Inspections 4243 227 Maintenance 4242, 4243 227 Steam Hammers 4240 227 Guarding 226 Abrading, Buffing, and Polishing Machines 4237 Alligator Shears 4236(a) 226 Metal Embossing Machines 4228 225 Metal Shears 4227 225 Tumbling Barrels 4238(a) 226 Metal Embossing Machines 4228 225 Metal Shears 4227 225 Planers 4235 226 Steam Hammers 4240 227 Treadle Controls 4230 225 Tumbling Barrels 4238 226 Wire Drawing Machines 4234 226 Metals, Combustible 5175 354

Section #, Page #

Motor Vehicles

Section #, Page #

Molten Salt Baths 5188 357 Heat-Treating Metallic Objects 5188(a) 357 Nitrate Baths 5188(b) 357 Motion Picture Projectors and Equipment Nonprofessional 47 Approval 2554.32 Booth Not Required 2554.31 47 Definition 2554.30 46 Illumination 2554.33 47 Marking 47 Film 2554.35 Projectors 2554.34 47 Professional 46 Approval 2554.2, 2554.20 Conductors 46 Lamps and Hot Equipment 2554.14 Size 2554.13 46 Definition 2554.2 46 Equipment Prohibited 2554.11 46 Flexible Cords 2554.15 46 Lamps 46 Conductors 2554.14 Guards 2554.16 46 Location 2554.1, 2554.10 46 Marking 2554.21 46 Motor-Driven 2554.12 46 Scope 2554.1 46 Sound Recording and Reproduction 2554.50 47 Motion Picture Studios Cellulose Nitrate Film Storage Vaults 46 Equipment 2553.52 Lamps 2553.51 46 Motors 2553.52 46 Enclosing Live Parts 2553.15 45 Feeder Conductors, Sizing for Television Studio Sets 2553.19 46 Grounding 2553.20 46 Guarding Live Parts 2553.15 45 Lamps 45 Arc Lamps, Portable 2553.17 Film Storage Vaults 2553.51 46 Portable 2553.16 45 Viewing, Cutting, and Patching Tables 2553.41 46 Overcurrent Protection 2553.18 45 Plugging Boxes 2553.14 45 Portable Wiring 2553.12 45 Scope 2553.1 45 Stage Lighting and Effects Control 2553.13 45 Substations 46 Grounding 2553.66 Guarding 2553.64 46 Portable 2553.65 46 Working Space 2553.64 46 Motor Vehicles Brakes 205 Gantry Truck 3809 Inspection, Disassembly, 553 Repair, and Assembly 5208 Appendix F Clutch Inspection, Disassembly, Repair, and Assembly 553 5208 Appendix F Earthmoving Equipment 3666 201 Employee Transportation 3702 202 Gantry Trucks (see also 205 Gantry Trucks under Plants, Industrial entry) 3801-3809 Garbage Collection Vehicles 4342-4345 232 Garbage Compaction Vehicles 4354 234 4355 235 Gas Stations (see also Service Stations entry) 5565-5581 684-687 Gasoline (see also Gasoline under Service Stations entry) 5571 685 Haulage 3666 201 Industrial Tractors (see also 197 Industrial Tractors under Plants, Industrial entry) 3651

INDEX

759

IX Subject Index

Methylene Chloride 474 Application 5202(a) Compliance Methods 5202(f) 476 Definitions 5202(b) 474 Employee Training 5202(l) 478 Exposure Monitoring 5202(d) 475 Hazard Communication 5202(k) 478 Hygiene 5202(i) 476 Medical Surveillance 5202(j), 5202 Appendix B 476 Permissible Exposure Limits 5202(c) 475 Protective Work Clothing and Equipment 5202(h) 476 Recordkeeping 5202(m) 479 Regulated Areas 5202(e) 475 Respiratory Protection 5202(g) 476 Scope 5202(a) 474 Substance Safety Data Sheet 5202 Appendix A 480 Technical Guidelines 5202 Appendix A 480 4,4-Methylenebis 598 Application 5215(a) Control Methods 5215(f) 598 Controlled Access Area 5215(e) 598 Definitions 5215(b) 598 Emergencies 5215(h) 599 Hazardous Operations 5215(h) 599 Medical Information 5215 Appendix B 600 Medical Surveillance 5215(k) 599 Monitoring 5215(d) 598 Permissible Exposure Limit 5215(c) 598 Physical and Chemical Data 5215 Appendix A 600 Recordkeeping 5215(m) 600 Respiratory Protection 5215(g) 598 Scope 5215(a) 598 Signs and Labels 5215(l) 600 Training 5215(j) 599 Waste Disposal 5215(i) 599 Methylenedianiline 461 Application 5200(a) Compliance Methods 5200(g) 462 Definitions 5200(b) 461 Emergencies 5200(d) 461 Exposure Monitoring 5200(e) 461 Hazard Communication 5200(k) 463 Housekeeping 5200(l) 464 Hygiene 5200(j) 463 Medical Surveillance 5200(m), 5200 Appendix C 464, 468 Observation 5200(o) 467 Permissible Exposure Limits 5200(c) 461 Protective Clothing and Equipment 5200(i) 462 Recordkeeping 5200(n) 466 Regulated Areas 5200(f) 462 Respiratory Protection 5200(h) 462 Sampling and Analytical Methods 5200 Appendix D 468 Scope 5200(a) 461 Signs and Labels 5200(k)(1) 463 Substance Data Sheet 5200 Appendix A 467 Substance Technical Guidelines 5200 Appendix B 468 Mines and Mining, High-Voltage Safety Orders 79 Bonding 2917 Conductors 2916 79 Disconnecting Means 2921 79 Enclosures 2922 79 Energized Parts 2919 79 Grounding 2923 79 Grounding Conductor 2917 79 Overcurrent Protection 2915 79 Physical Damage, Protection Against 2914(c), 2918 79 Scope 2914(a) 79 Ventilation System Controls 2920 79

Motor Vehicles Motor Vehicles (continued) Industrial Trucks (see also 195 Industrial Trucks under Plants, Industrial entry) 3650 Lifts 3546-3549 180 Air Tanks 180 Oil Measurement 3545 Axle Supports 3548 180 Chasis Supports 3548 180 Construction 3542 180 Control Mechanism 3544 180 Definitions 3541 180 Design 3542 180 Installation 3542 180 Labels 3543 180 Maintenance 3549 180 Marine Terminal Operations 3475 178 Oil Measurement 3545 180 Oil Tanks 180 Oil Measurement 3545 Working Pressure 3546(a) 180 Working Area Under 3547 180 Refrigerator Vehicles 3251 112 Refuse Collection Vehicles 4342-4345 232 Refuse Compaction Vehicles 4354-4355 234-235 Seat Belts 3653 197 Service Stations 684-687 (see also Service Stations entry) 5565-5581 Tires, Inflation 3325 148 Trash Collection Vehicles 4342-4345 232 Trash Compaction Vehicles 4354-4355 234-235 Undercoating 5459 673 Motors (see also Motors under Electrical Installations and Equipment entry) 2530.4-2530.113 Multi-Employer Worksites 336.10 5 Determination of Citable Employer 336.10 5

Non Asbestiform Tremolite, Anthophyllite, and Actinolite (continued) 564 Medical Surveillance 5208.1(j) Monitoring 5208.1(g)(1) 563 Recordkeeping 5208.1(g)(2) 563 Respiratory Protective Equipment 5208.1(d) 562 Special Clothing 5208.1(e)(1) 563 Work Practices 5208.1(c) 562

N Nitrate Baths 5188(b) 357 Nitrocellulose 5187 356 Nitrous Oxide 5195 421 Noise Control Audiograms Age Corrections Appendix F 301 Evaluation 5097(d) 298 Audiometers Acoustic Calibration Appendix D 300 Audiometric Test Rooms Appendix C 300 Audiometric Testing Programs 5097(c)-(f) 297-298 Measuring Instruments Appendix B 300 Definitions 5095(b) 297 Exposure Computation Appendix A 299 Limits 5096 297 Monitoring 5097(b) 297 Recordkeeping 5100 299 Hearing Conservation Programs 5097 297 Hearing Protectors 5098 298 Estimating Adequacy Appendix E 301 Noise Control Scope 5095(a) 297 Recordkeeping 5100 299 Training Programs 5099 299 Non Asbestiform Tremolite, Anthophyllite, and Actinolite 5208.1 Caution Signs and Labels 5208.1(h), (i) 563-564 Change Rooms 5208.1(e)(2) 563 Employee Training 5208.1(h)(4) 564 Engineering Controls 5208.1(b) 562 Laundering 5208.1(f) 563

760

INDEX

562

Occupational Injuries or Illnesses Recording 724 2001 Data, Summary and Posting 14300.43 Annual Summary 14300.32 721 Changes in Establishment Ownership 14300.34 722 Criteria 714 Occupational Hearing Loss 14300.1 General 14300.4, 14300.7 715, 716 Medical Removal Under Cal/OSHA Standards 14300.9 719 Musculoskeletal Disorders 14300.12 720 Needlestick and Sharps Injuries 14300.8 719 Tuberculosis 14300.11 720 Definitions 14300.46 724 Discrimination Prohibited 14300.36 722 Employee Involvement 14300.35 722 Exemptions 714 Employers with 10 or Fewer Employees 14300.1 Establishments in Certain Industries 14300.2 Appendix A 715 Forms 720 300, 300A, 301 14300.29 2001 Data 14300.43 724 Annual Summary 14300.32 721 Covered Employees 14300.31 721 Multiple Establishments 14300.3 715 Old Forms, Retention and Updating 14300.44 724 Retention and Updating 14300.33 722 New Cases, Determination of 14300.6 716 OSHA Survey 14300.41 723 Purpose 14300 714 Recordkeeping 723 Bureau of Labor Statistics, Requests for Data 14300.42 Federal Mine Safety and Health Act, 725 Employers Covered by 47 More than One Agency 14300.3 715 Providing Records to Government Representatives 14300.4 715 Variances 14300.38 722 Work-Relatedness, Determination of 14300.5 715 Reporting 713 Definitions 14000 Employer 713 Duties 14001 Reporting Form 14004 713 Reproduction of 14005 713 Form 5021 14006 714 Form 5020 14004 713 Insurer's Duties 14002 713 Physician 713 Duties 14003 Reporting Form 14006 714 Reproduction of 14007 714 Oil and Gas Refineries 696 Flammable Liquids, Gases, and Vapors 5629 Process Safety Management, Hazardous Substances 5189 357 Oil and Gas Wells 40 (see also Oil and Gas Wells under Wells entry) 2548.21 Operating Procedures Outline Sheet Article Appendix A 128 Operating Rules for Industrial Trucks Addendum 728

Section #, Page #

Plants, Industrial

P Paint 181 Airless Spray Guns 3559.1 Finishing Processes, Electrical Installations and Equipment 2540.9 Paper Converting and Printing Machines 4431-4445 238 Corner Cutters 4431 238 Corner Stayers 4432 238 Creasers, Drum Cylinder Type 4433 238 Cutters 238 Corner Cutters 4431 Drum Cylinder Type Cutters 4433 238 Guillotine Type Cutters 4438 238 Index Cutters 4437 238 Cylinder Presses 4440 238 Embossing Machines 4442 238 Engraving Presses, Hand-Fed 4445 238 Guillotine Type Cutters 4438 238 Index Cutters 4437 238 Job Platen Presses 4436 238 Line Perforators 4443 238 Lithographic Presses 4441 238 Paper Box Ending and Edge Attaching Machines 4439 238 Paper Punches 4443 238 Presses 238 Cylinder Presses 4440 Engraving Presses, Hand-Fed 4445 238 Job Platen Presses 4436 238 Lithographic Presses 4441 238 Rotary Presses 4440 238 Rotary Presses 4440 238 Rotary Scoring Machines 4434 238 Slotters 4444 238 Permit-Required Confined Spaces 342 5157

Section #, Page #

Permits Amusement Rides 207 Issuing 3915 Posting 3917 207 Labor Camps 3350 152 Personal Fall Arrest Systems Appendix C 137 Personal flotation devices 3389 157 Personal protective equipment 319 Abrasive Blasting Operations 5151(b) Acrylonitrile 5213(j) 583 Arsenic, Inorganic 5214(i) 593 Asbestos 5208(h) 542 Benzene 5218(h) 616 Bloodborne Pathogens 5193(d)(4) 403 Body Protection 3383 157 1,3-Butadiene 5201(i) 472 Cadmium 5207(i) 490 Coke Oven Emissions 5211(q) 573 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane (DBCP) 5212(j) 576 Electrical Workers 2940.6(j) 83 Ethylene Dibromide 5219(g) 625 Ethylene Oxide 5220(g)(4) 628 Eye Protection 3382 156 Face Protection 3382 156 Fire Brigades, Private 3411(d) 164 Fire Fighters (see also Fire Fighters entry) 3401-3411 159-163 Foot Protection 3385 157 Formaldehyde 5217(h) 602 General 3380 154 Grinding, Polishing, and Buffing Operations 5152 319 Hand Protection 3384 157 Head Protection 3381 156 Hearing Protectors 5098 298 Hearing Protectors Appendix E 301 Inorganic Arsenic 5214(i) 593 Laser Protection 3382(e) 157 Lead 5198(g) 429 Life Rings 3389 157 Methylene Chloride 5202(h) 476 Methylenedianiline 5200(i) 462 Open-Surface Tank Operations 5154 322 Personal Flotation Devices 3389 157 Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills 4407 235 Respirators (see also Respirators entry) 5144 304 Sanitation 3387 157 Spray Coating Operations 5153 322 Welding, Brazing, and Cutting 5150 318 Pesticides 170 Applicator Rigs, Tanks, and Vessels 3453 Fumigation (see also Fumigation entry) 5221 636 Marine Terminal Operations 3463(b) 173 Petroleum (see also Oil and Gas Refineries entry) 5629 696 Plants, Industrial 112 Access 3270 Accident Prevention 151 Signs 3340 Tags 3341 151 Air Compressors 3518 179 Air Hoses 3300 145 Aisles 3272 113 Appliances, Access 3270 112 Attics, Openings to 3271 113 Beverage Consumption 3368 154 Bins 3481 179 Bulk Cargo-Moving Vehicles 3666(b) 201 Bulk Storage of Loose Material 3482 179 Bunkers 3481 179 Cargo, Broken or Damaged 3339(a) 150 Cargo Doors 3323 148 Cargo-Moving Vehicles 3666(b) 201

INDEX

761

IX Subject Index

Outdoor Advertising Structures 3412-3416 164 Definitions 3412(b) 164 Fall Protection 3416 164 Ladders 3413 164 Poster Ladder Scaffolds 3414 164 3412 164 Scope 3412(a) 164 Suspended Scaffolds 3415 164 Outdoor Wiring (see also Outdoor Wiring under Electrical Installations and Equipment entry) 23 Low-Voltage Safety Orders 2375.1-2375.19 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2823-2831 71-72 Ovens and Ranges 2522.17, 2522.23(c) 31 Overhead Loads 5002 275 Oxygen Bulk Oxygen Systems 677-679 5500-5509 Consumer Sites 5500 677 Distance Between Systems and Exposures 5502 678 Equipment Assembly and Installation 5507 679 Liquid Oxygen Vaporizers 5506 678 Location 5501 678 Maintenance 5509 679 Operating Instructions 5508 679 Piping, Tubing, and Fittings 5504 678 Storage 5503 678 Safety Relief Devices 5505 678 Deficiency 5149 318 Hose 4839 252 Liquid 4837 252 Manifolds 4836 252 Misuse 3305 145 Piping 4822 251 Safety, Diving Operations 6057(e) 701

Plants, Industrial Plants, Industrial (continued) 113 Catwalks, Working Area 3273(d) Ceiling Spaces, Openings to 3271 113 Clay Working Machines 4626 245 4625 245 Closed Containers, Reconditioning 3307 145 Clothes Changing Rooms 3367 154 Cold Storage, Processing, 112 and Manufacturing Rooms Exits 3249, 3250 Combustion Chambers, Entering 3312 146 Corridors, Exits 3226 107 Counterweights 3318 147 Crawlways 3272 113 Decorative Materials, Fire Safety 3217(a) 106 Definitions Abrasive Wheels 3575(b) 182 Earthmoving Equipment 3649 195 Fixed Ladders 3277(b) 116 Haulage Vehicles 3649 195 Industrial Tractors 3649 195 Industrial Trucks 3649 195 Ladders 116 Fixed Ladders 3277(b) Portable Wood Ladders 3278(b) 120 Portable Wood Ladders 3278(b) 120 Sanitation 3361 152 Transportation of Employees and Materials 3700 202 Discharge Location 3310 145 Doors (see also Exits, this heading) 3235 110 Cargo Doors 3323 148 Exit Doors 3235 110 Drainage 3309 145 Flammable Liquids 5546(a) 682 Drilling, Petroleum Drilling Equipment 3322 147 Drinking Water 3363 153 Earthmoving Equipment 3666 201 Electric Shock, Prevention from 3390 158 Elevated Locations 112 Access 3270(b) Guardrails 3210 104 Working Area 3273(c) 113 Emergency Action Plan 3220 106 Engines 179 Governors 3511 Steam Engines, Valve Gears 3512 179 Equipment 112 Access 3270 Adjusting 3314 146 Broken or Damaged 3339(a) 150 Cleaning 3314 146 Defective Parts 3328(c) 149 Design 3328(a) 149 Fixed Fired Equipment, Lighting and Relighting 3311(a) Fixed Location 3328(d) 149 Hazardous Energy Control 3314 146 High Piles 3339(b) 150 Inspection 3328(b) 149 Lockout/Tagout 3314 146 Modifications 3328(f) 149 Repairing 3314 146 Servicing 3314 146 Setting-Up 3314 146 Exits 3215 106 Access 3225 107 Arrangement 3222(a), 3225(a) 107 Changes in Elevation 107 Corridors 3226(f) Exterior Exit Balconies 3226(f) 107 Ramps 3232, 3223 107, 108 Cold Storage, Processing, and Manufacturing Rooms 3250 Corridors 3226 107 Discharge from 3227 108 Distance to 3222(b) 107

762

INDEX

145

112

Plants, Industrial (continued) Exits (continued) 110 Doors 3235 Exterior Exit Balconies 3226 107 Headroom 3224 107 Maintenance 3225 107 Number of 3228 108 Ramps, Changes in Elevation 3232, 3223 107, 108 Signs 3216 106 Stairways 3227, 3231 108 Width 3229 108 Fire Alarms 3215(c) 106 Fire Brigades, Private 3411 163 Fire Safety 106 Alarms 3215(c) Christmas Trees 3217(a) 106 Curtains 3217(a) 106 Decorative Materials 3217 106 Equipment Maintenance 3219 106 Exits 3215, 3225 106, 107 Fire Control, Flammable and Combustible Liquids 5548 683 Fire Prevention Plan 3221 107 Flammable and Combustible Liquids 5545, 5546 682 First Aid 3400 159 Fixed Industrial Stairs 3234 109 Fixed Ladders (see also Fixed Ladders under Ladders entry) 3277 116 Flammable and Combustible Liquids 5545-5551 682-683 Flammable and Combustible Liquidsl 682 Emergency Drainage Systems 5546(a) Equipment Repairs 5550 683 Fire Control 5548 683 Housekeeping 5551 683 Ignition Sources 5549 683 Spills, Controlling 5545(b) 682 Storage 5545(a) 682 Tank Vehicle and Tank Car Loading and Unloading 5547 683 Tanks 5545 682 Transferring 5545(b) 682 Ventilation 5545(c) 682 Floors 105 Holes 3212 Openings 3212 105 Working Area 3273(a) 113 Flues, Entering 3312 146 Flying Particles or Substances 3303 145 Food Consumption 3368 154 Forklifts (see also Industrial Trucks, this heading) 3650 195 Gantry Trucks 3801 205 3802 205 3803 205 3805 205 3806 205 3807 205 3808 205 3809 205 Accessibility 3803 205 Brakes 3809 205 Guarding 3805 205 Lighting 3808 205 Loads 3807 205 Operating Rules 3807 205 Speed 3806 205 Visibility 3802 205 Warning Devices 3801 205 Wheels, Guarding 3805 205 Glass 3242 111 Glass Working Machines 4626 245 4625 245 Glazing 3242 111 Guardrails 3209-3214 104-106 Bins 3481(a) 179 Bunkers 3481(a) 179 Covers 105 Conduit 3213(c) Floor Holes 3212 105 Floor Openings 3212 105 Manhole 3213(d) 105 Trench 3213(c) 105

Section #, Page #

Plants, Industrial

Section #, Page #

178

Plants, Industrial (continued) Internal Combustion Engines (continued) 199 Operation Inside Enclosed Structures 3662 Pipe Outlets 3310(b) 145 Lamp Scaffolds 3247 111 Lighting 3317 147 Live Steam Hoses 3300 145 Loading Docks 150 Dock Plates 3337 Loading Ramps 3337 150 Operations 3336 150 Pallets 3338 150 Loads, Live 3241 111 Loose Material, Bulk Storage 3482 179 Materials 150 Broken or Damaged 3339(a) High Piles 3339(b) 150 Mechanical Refrigeration 3248 112 Medical Services 3400 159 Noise Control (see also Noise Control entry) 5095 297 Pallets 3338 150 Pans 3480 178 Parallels 3247 111 Personal Protective Equipment 154 (see also Personal Protective Equipment entry) 3380 Petroleum Drilling Equipment 3322 147 Pipes 145 Hot Pipes 3308 Identification 3321 147 Pipe Lines 3329 149 Pipe Valves 3274 114 Pits 112 Access 3270(c) Drainage and Ventilation 3309(a) 145 Platforms 179 Bins 3481(e) Landing Platforms, Fixed Ladders 3277(j) 118 Pipe Valves 3274 114 Working Area 3273(a) 113 3273(c) 113 Pressure Piping 3329(b) 149 Prime Movers 146 Adjusting 3314 Cleaning 3314 146 Hazardous Energy Control 3314 146 Lockout/Tagout 3314 146 Repairing 3314 146 Servicing 3314 146 Setting-Up 3314 146 Ramps 107, 108 Changes in Elevation 3232, 3223 Industrial Ramps 3233 109 Loading Ramps 3337 150 Working Area 3273(c) 113 Refrigeration, Mechanical 3248 112 Remote Control Vehicles 3650(n) 196 Roadways, Working Area 3273(b) 113 Rubber and Composition Working Machines (see also Rubber and 244-245 Composition Working Machines entry) 4580-4592 Runways, Working Area 3273(c) 113 Safety Belts, Bulk Storage of Loose Material 3482(d) 179 Sanitation 3360-3368 152-154 Application 3360 152 Beverage Consumption 3368 154 Cleaning 3362 152 Clothes Changing Rooms 3367 154 Definitions 3361 152 Food Consumption 3368 154 Sweeping 3362(b) 152 Toilet Facilities 3364, 3665 153

INDEX

763

IX Subject Index

Plants, Industrial (continued) Guardrails (continued) 104 Elevated Locations 3210 Floor Holes 3212 105 Floor Openings 3212 105 Hazardous Substances, Open Vats, Pans, and Tanks 3480(a) Height 3209(a) 103 Hoppers 3481(a) 179 Lamp Scaffolds 3247(b) 111 Loads 3209(b) 104 Parallels 3247(b) 111 Roofs 3212(d)(1) 105 Service Pits 3213(a) 105 Skylights 3212(e) 105 Specifications 3209(c) 104 Stairways 109 Fixed Industrial Stairs 3234 Standard Guardrails 3209 103 Toeboards 3209(d) 104 Wall Openings 3211 105 Yard Surface Openings 3213(b) 105 Hand Trucks 3315 147 Haulage Vehicles 3666 201 Hoppers 3481 179 Hot Surfaces 3308 145 Illumination 3317 147 Industrial Ramps 3233 109 Industrial Tractors 199 Brakes 3661(a), (b) Definitions 3649 195 Deflector Guards 3654 198 Operating Rules 3664 199 Rated Capacity 3660 199 Rollover Protective Structures 3651 197 Seat Belts 3653 197 Trailer Disconnected from 3650(i) 196 Trailer-Spotting Tractors 3666(c) 201 Warning Devices 3661(c) 199 Industrial Trucks 196 Attachments 3650(c), (r) Batteries 3650(l) 196 Brakes 3661(a), (b) 199 Definitions 3649 195 Design and Construction 3650 195 Elevation of Employees 3657 198 High-Lift Rider Trucks 199 Back Guards 3659 Overhead Guards 3655 198 Internal Combustion Engines 3662 199 Labeling 3650 195 Lift Trucks 3657 198 Rated Capacity 3660 199 Loads 3650(k) 196 Maintenance 3663 199 Modifications 3650(d) 196 Operator 199 Platforms 3658 Rules 3664 199 Training 3668 201 Order Pickers 3656 198 Remote Control Vehicles 3650(n) 196 Repairs 3663 199 Steering Knobs 3650(o) 196 Stock Pickers 3656 198 Structural Changes 3650(d) 196 Warning Devices 3661(c) 199 Wheel Guards 3665 201 Internal Combustion Engines 318 Exhaust Emission Control 5146 Fuel Tanks 3319(a) 147

Plants, Industrial Plants, Industrial (continued) Sanitation (continued) 153 Vermin, Extermination 3362(f) Washing Facilities 3366 153 Waste 153 Removal 3362(e) Storage 3362(d) 153 Water Supply 3363 153 Scaffolds Lamp Scaffolds 3275 114 Rolling Scaffolds 3289 127 Suspended Scaffolds 3285 126 Service Pits, Guardrails 3213(a) 105 Sewage Tanks and Sumps, Ventilation 3309(b) 145 Signs 106 Exit 3216 Railroad 3333 150 Warning 3320 147 Skylights 105 Fall Protection 3212(e) Illumination 3317(c) 147 Stairways Exits 3227(b), 3231 108 3231(i) 108 Fixed Industrial Stairs 3234 109 Steam Engines, Valve Gears 3512 179 Stone Working Machines 4626 245 4625 245 Sunken Locations, Access 3270(c) 112 Tanks 3480 178 Textile Machinery and Equipment (see also Textile Machinery and 238-239 Equipment entry) 4456-4476 Toilet Facilities 3364, 3365 153 Trailer-Spotting Tractors 3666(c) 201 Transportation of Employees and Materials 3700-3710 202-203 Cab Protection 3705 203 Definitions 3700 202 Employee Transportation Vehicles 3702 202 Helicopters 3710 203 Licensing of Drivers 3701 202 Loads 203 Riding. 3703 Securing. 3704 203 Trucks and Buses Used for 3702 202 Warning Devices 3706 203 Tunnels, Drainage and Ventilation 3309(a) 145 Underfloor Spaces, Openings to 3271 113 Vats 3480 178 Vehicles 202 Employee Transportation 3702 Haulage 3666 201 Remote Control 3650(n) 196 Roofs, Guardrails 3212(d)(1) 105 Servicing Wheels 3326 148 Traffic Aisles 3272(e) 113 Ventilation Flammable Liquids 683 5546(c) 5546(b) 682 Trenches, Tunnels, and Pits 3309 145 Vermin, Extermination 3362(f) 153 Walkways 3272 113 Bins 3481(e) 179 Working Area 3273(b) 113 Wall Openings 3211 105 Washing Facilities 3366 153 Water Supply 3363 153 Woodworking (see also Woodworking Machines 227-231 and Equipment entry) 4296-4324 Working Areas 113 Catwalks 3273(d) Elevated Working Levels 3273(c) 113 Lighting 3317(a) 147

764

INDEX

Plants, Industrial (continued) Working Areas (continued) Lubrication 3273(g) 114 Machines and Equipment 3273(h)-(j) 114 Material Storage Areas 3273(b) 113 Permanent Floors 3273(a) 113 Platforms 3273(a), (c) 113 Ramps 3273(c) 113 Roadways 3273(b) 113 Runways 3273(c) 113 Walkways 3273(b) 113 Yard Surface Openings, Guardrails 3213(b) 105 Plastic Processing Machinery Injection Molding Machine 4600 245 Thermo-Setting Plastic Molding Presses 4601 245 Platforms Personnel Platforms Cranes 5004 275 Derricks 5004 275 Powered Platforms and Equipment for Building Maintenance (see also Powered Platforms and Equipment) 3292 129 Scaffolds (see also Scaffolds entry) 3622 191 Platforms (see also Work Platforms entry) Pneumatic Tools 3559 181 Portable Ladders (see also Ladders entry) 3278 120 Portable Power Hand Tools Gasoline Engine Power Saws 3425(a) 167 Portable Wood Ladders Care 3276(e) 115 Definitions 3276(b) 114 Maintenance 3276(e) 115 Scope 3276(a) 114 Use 3276(e) 115 3278 120 Powder-Actuated Tools 3559 181 Presses Power Operated Presses 4189-4196 216 Air Controlling Equipment 4195 216 Brakes 4200, 4214 217 Control Button Identification 4190 216 Definitions 4188(b) 214 Dies Changing 4242 227 Design and Construction 4197 216 Feeding 4197 216 Setting 4197, 4199 216-217 Stroke Requirements, Stamped on 4198(a)(1) 217 Tonnage, Stamped on 4198(a)(1) 217 Weight Designation, Stamped on 4198(a)(2), (3) 217 Electrical 4204 217 Forward Drive Motor Interlocks 4205 217 Full Revolution Positive Clutches, Machines Using 4192 216 Hand-Operated Levers 4210 224 Hydraulic Equipment 4196 216 Hydraulic Power Presses 4215 224 Inspection 4202 217 Maintenance 4202 217 Modification 4202(d) 217 Part Revolution Clutches, Machines Using 4193 216 Point of Operation Devices 4208 217 Guards 4206, 4207 217 Presence Sensing Device Initiation 4208.1 218 Requirements for Certification/Validation 4208.1 App. A 222 Pressure Vessels 4201 217 Punch Presses 4215 224 Rivet Setting Equipment 4216 225 Scope 4189 216 Slide Counter-Balance Systems 4194 216 Switch Identification 4190 216 Training 4203 217 Two-Hand Trip 4211 224

Section #, Page #

Recordkeeping Requirements

Section #, Page #

Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills (continued) 236 Mobile Equipment 4409 Offloading of Railcars and Trucks 4410 236 Paper Machines 4423 237 Personal Protective Equipment 4407 235 Pulp Storage 4420 237 Railcars, Offloading 4410 236 Recovery Furnace Area 4421 237 Safety Devices 4404 235 Scope 4401 235 Sodium Chlorate 4419(a) 237 Sorting and Counting Tables 4425 237 Stock Preparation and Reprocessing 4415 236 Storage of Pulp 4420 237 Training 4402 235 Trucks, Offloading 4410 236 Water, Working Over 4405 235 Winders and Rewinders 4422(c) 237 Work Areas 4403 235 Pyrophoric Substances 5176 354 Pyrotechnics (see also Fireworks, Pyrotechnics entry) 5236 Pyroxylin Plastic 5186 356

IX Subject Index

Pressure Vessels 145 Compressed Cylinder Gas, Testing 3304(a) Entering 3312 146 Flammable Liquids, Storage 5587 687 Laundry and Dry Cleaning Equipment 4493 240 Presses, Used With 4201 217 Salvaging 3306 145 Prime Movers 3995-4002 211 Adjusting 3314 146 Belt Shifters 3998 211 Cleaning 3314 146 Connecting Rods 3996 211 Conveyors 3999 211 Cranks 3996 211 Flywheels 3995 211 Hazardous Energy Control 3314 146 Lockout/Tagout 3314 146 Piston Rods 3997 211 Process Machines, Power Control 4000 211 Repairing 3314 146 Rolls 4187(c) 214 Servicing 3314 146 Setting-Up 3314 146 Tail Rods and Crossheads 3997 211 Process Safety Management, 357, 360 Acutely Hazardous Substances 5189, 5189 Appendix A Projectors (see also 47 Motion Picture Projectors and Equipment entry) 2554.34 Proposed Penalty Procedure 2 Definitions 334 Assessment of Civil Penalties 333 2 Proposition 65 Warnings 5194(b)(6) 408 Terms and Provisions 5194 Appendix E 414 Protective Clothing and Equipment 154 (see also Personal Protective Equipment entry) 3380 Pulleys 212 Corrosion, Exposure 4062 Countershaft 211 Exposed Parts 4050 Location of Pulleys 4060 212 Couplings, Exposed Parts 4050 211 Drives, Guarding 4070 212 Guarding Exposed Parts 4050 211 Line Shaft 211 Exposed Parts 4050 Location of Pulleys 4060 212 Out of Service 4063 212 Projecting Shaft Ends 4051 211 Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills 4401-4428 235-237 Automatically Fed Platen Cutters 4427 238 Bridge and Dock Plates 4411 236 Broke Holes 4417 237 Calenders 4428 238 Chlorine Dioxide 4419(b) 237 Chocking Rolls 4422 237 Controls 4404 235 Converting Operations 4424 237 Conveyors 4412 236 Corrugators 4426 237 Cutters, Automatically Fed Platen Cutters 4427 238 De-Energizing 4413 236 Emergency Stopping Controls 4422(a) 237 Employee Instruction 4402 235 Guards and Guarding 4406 235 Guillotine Type Roll Splitters 4416 236 Illumination 4408 235 Industrial Kiln Guns and Ammunition 4418 237 Lighting 4408 235 Liquid Sulfur, Handling 4414 236 Lockout 4413 236

639

R Radiation 295 Actinic Radiation 5078, 5079 Microwave Radiation 5085 295 Nonionizing Radiation 5085 295 Radiofrequency 5085 295 Ultra-Violet Radiation 5079 295 Rail Transportation 5266 649 Railroads, Industrial 3730-3740 203-205 Blue Stop Signs 3333 150 Couplers 3733 204 Definitions 3731 203 Locomotives 204 Brakes 3735 Warning Devices 3734 204 Purpose 3730 203 Railcars 150 Movement 3332 Securing 3333(b) 150 Working on or Around 3334 150 Ramping and Deramping Yards 3335 150 Switches 3732 203 Tracks 3732 203 Narrow Tracks, Side Clearances 3741 205 Standard Gage 205 Obstructions Adjacent to 3740 Overhead Clearances 3736, 3738 204, 205 Parallel Tracks, Clearance Between 3739 205 Side Clearances 3737, 3738 204, 205 Ramps (see also Ramps under Plants, Industrial entry) 3233 Ranges and Ovens 2522.17, 2522.23(c) 31, 32 Reactors, High-Voltage Safety Orders 2896 78 Grounding 2897 78 Oil-Filled Reactors 2898 78 Recordkeeping Requirements 584 Acrylonitrile 5213(q) Actinolite, Non Asbestiform 5208.1(g)(2) 563 Anthophyllite, Non Asbestiform 5208.1(g)(2) 563 Arsenic, Inorganic 5214(o) 595 Asbestos 5208(m) 545 Benzene 5218(k) 618 Bloodborne Pathogens 5193(h) 407 1,3-Butadiene 5201(m) 473 Cadmium 5207(n) 495 Carcinogens 5209(g)(2) 567 Coke Oven Emissions 5211(v) 574

INDEX

109

765

Recordkeeping Requirements Recordkeeping Requirements (continued) 365 Cotton Dust 5190(k) 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane (DBCP) 5212(p) 578 Diving Operations 6052(g), 6057(a), 6058 698, 700, 701 Ethylene Dibromide 5219(l) 626 Ethylene Oxide 5220(k) 630 Formaldehyde 5217(o) 605 Lead 5198(n) 433 Methylene Chloride 5202(m) 479 4,4-Methylenebis 5215(m) 600 Methylenedianiline 5200(n) 466 Noise Control 5100 299 Tremolite, Non Asbestiform 5208.1(g)(2) 563 Vinyl Chloride 5210(m) 569 Refineries (see also Oil and Gas Refineries entry) 5629 696 Refuse 232 Collection Equipment Definitions 4343 Hoist and Tilt-Frame 4344, 4345 232 Compaction Equipment (see also Compaction Equipment under Waste 233-235 Disposal entry) 4350-4355 Repetitive Motion Injuries 5110 302 Reporting Requirements 207 Amusement Rides 3920 Carcinogens 5203 484 Explosives, Manufacturing and Processing 5320 656 Reporting Work-Connected Injuries 3 1 11 Resistors, High-Voltage Safety Orders 2896, 2897 78 Respirators 582 Acrylonitrile 5213(h) Arsenic, Inorganic 5214(h) 593 Asbestos (see also 541 Respiratory Protection under Asbestos entry) 5208(g) Benzene 5218(g) 616 1,3-Butadiene 5201(h) 471 Cadmium 5207(g) 489 Cleaning 5144 Appendix B-2 316 Coke Oven Emissions 5211(p) 573 Cotton Dust 5190(f), 5190 Appendix B-I 363, 367 Definitions 5144(b) 304 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane (DBCP) 5212(h) 576 Employee Information 5144 Appendix D 317 Ethylene Dibromide 5219(h) 625 Ethylene Oxide 5220(g) 628 Fire Fighters 3409 162 Fit testing 5144(f), 4 Appendix A 307, 310 Formaldehyde 5217(g) 602 Fumigation 5221(a), 5223(a)(3) 636, 637 Hazardous Substances (see also Respiratory 304 Protection under Hazardous Substances entry) 5144 Lead 5198(f) 429 Medical Evaluation 5144(e), 51444 Appendix C 306, 317 Methylene Chloride 5202(g) 476 4,4-Methylenebis 5215(g) 598 Methylenedianiline 5200(h) 462 Non Asbestiform Tremolite, 562 Anthophyllite, and Actinolite 5208.1(d) Respiratory Protection Program 5144(c) 305 Use 5144(g) 307 User Seal Check 5144 Appendix B-1 316 Rest Rooms 3364, 3365 153 Rivet Setting Equipment 4216 225 Rodents, Extermination 3362(f) 153 Rollover Protective Structures, 197 Agricultural and Industrial Tractors 3651 Rubber and Composition Working Machines 4580-4592 244-245 Bale Cutters, Guillotine 4585 245 Bevel Cutters, Circular Knife 4586 245 Calender Rolls 4580 244 Stopping Limits 4581 244 Cutter-Sheet Rubber 4587 245

766

INDEX

Rubber and Composition Working Machines (continued) 245 Power-Driven Rotary Saws and Slitters 4588 Rubber Mills 4582 244 Stopping Devices, Testing and Maintenance 4592 245 Stopping Limits 244 Calenders 4581 New Mill 4583, 4584 244 Tube Splicers 4591 245 Tubing Machines 4589 245

S Safety and Health Protection on the Job Addendum 729 Safety Belts (see also Seat Belts entry) 195 Aerial Devices 3648(o) Amusement Rides 3907(c) 206 Hazardous Substances, Working Over 3480(c)(1) 179 Loose Material, Bulk Storage 3482(d) 179 Window Cleaning 3284(b) 125 Sanitation 170 Agricultural Operations 3457 Industrial Plants (see also 152-153 Sanitation under Plants, Industrial entry) 3360-3368 Temporary Workplaces 5192(n) 389 Scaffolds 191-192 Mobile Ladder Scaffolds 3620-3625 Casters 3622(g) 191 Definitions 3621 191 Fasteners 3622(d) 191 Load Rating 3622(b)(2) 191 Materials 3622(c) 191 Scope 3620 191 Tube and Coupler Scaffolds 3625 192 Tubular Welded Scaffolds 191 Folding Scaffolds 3624 Frame Scaffolds 3623 191 Wheels 3622(g) 191 Work Levels 3622(f) 191 Plants, Industrial 111 Lamp Scaffolds 3247 Rolling Scaffolds 3288 127 Suspended Scaffolds 3285 126 Signs, Outdoor 164 Poster Ladder Scaffolds 3414 Suspended Scaffolds 3415 164 Window Cleaning (see also 123-127 Scaffolds under Window Cleaning entry) 3282-3291 Seat Belts 197 Agricultural and Industrial Tractors 3653 Gantry Cranes 3472(k) 177 Service Stations Automobile Lifts 180 (see also Lifts under Motor Vehicles entry) 3541-3549 Flammable Liquids 684-687 5565-5581 Containers 684 Inside Buildings 5568 Portable 5577 686 Storage 5566(a) 684 Dispensing 686 Attendance 5578 Fuel Dispensing Systems 5571 685 Fuel Dispensing Units 5573 685 Portable Containers 5577 686 Supervision 5578 686 Drainage 5579 686 Electrical Equipment 5574 685 Emergency Power Cutoff 5572 685 Fire Control 5581 687 Fuel Delivery Nozzles 5576 686

Section #, Page #

System Controls, Mines and Tunnel Installations

Section #, Page #

Synthetic Web Slings 5048 283 Wire Rope Slings 5045 281 Smoking 696 Bulk Plants, Near 5622 Cessation Program Information 5208 Appendix I 555 Explosives, Near 5246 642 Prohibition in Workplace 5148 318 Service Stations, Near 5580 687 Tanks, Near 5603 693 Snow Avalanche Blasting 662 Misfires 5358 Placing Explosives Charges 5357 661 Safety Fuse 5356 661 Scope 5355 660 Snow Melting Equipment 32 Disconnecting Means 2526.50 Scope 2526.1 32 Sound Recording and Similar Equipment 48 Grouping of Conductors 2564.6 Scope 2564.1 48 Special Trackless Vehicles 5267 649 Spirometry Prediction 369 Tables for Normal Males and Females 5190 Appendix C Spray Coating Operations 5445-5461 669 Automobile Undercoating in Garages 5459 673 Curing Apparatus 5456 673 Dry Type Overspray Collectors 5447 669 Drying Apparatus 5456 673 Dual Component Coatings 5461 673 Electrostatic Hand Spraying Equipment 5455 672 Exhaust Air Filters 5447 669 Fire Protection 5452 671 Fixed Electrostatic Apparatus 5454 672 Flammable and Combustible Liquids, Storage and Handling 5451 671 Fusion Apparatus 5456 673 Ignition Sources 5449 670 Maintenance 5453 672 Operation 5453 672 Organic Peroxides 5461 673 Personal Protective Equipment 5153 322 Powder Coating 5460 673 Scope 5445 669 Spray Booths 5446 669 Cleanliness 5453(d) 672 Ventilation 5153, 5450 , 322670 Washing Chamber 5448 670 Sprinkler Systems 710 Automatic 6170 Foam Water 6182 711 Stairways 108 (see also Stairways under Plants, Industrial entry) 3231 Stone Working Machines 4625, 4626 245 Storage Batteries, Changing and Charging 5185 356 Sulfur 421 Hazardous Substances 5196 Liquid Sulfur, Handling 4414 236 Surge Protection Equipment 2725(b) 62 Swimming Pools 50 Cord- and Plug-Connected Equipment 2569.7 Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters, Storable Pools 2569.31 50 Lighting Fixtures 2569.6(b), 2569.7(a)(1) 50 Pumps, Storable Pools 2569.30 50 Receptacles 2569.5 50 Scope 2569.1 50 Underwater Equipment, Permanently Installed Pools 2569.20 50 System Controls, Mines and Tunnel Installations 2920 79

INDEX

767

IX Subject Index

Service Stations (continued) Flammable Liquids (continued) Fuel Dispensing 685 Systems 5571 Units 5573 685 Gasoline 686 Delivery Nozzles 5576 Dispensing Systems 5571 685 Dispensing Units 5573 685 Storage 5566(a) 684 Heating Equipment 5575 686 Ignition Sources 5580 687 Inside Buildings 5568 684 Piping, Valves, and Fittings 5569 685 Portable Containers, Dispensing into 5577 686 Remote Pumping Systems 5570 685 Scope 5565 684 Storage 5566 684 Inside Buildings 5568 684 Tanks 684 Aboveground 5566(b)(1) Elevated 5566(e) 684 Marine Service Stations 5566(d) 684 Special Enclosures 5567 684 Vent Pipes 5566(a) 684 Waste Disposal 5579 686 Service Stations (see also Service Stations entry) 5565-5581 684-687 Service Stations, Electrical Installations and Equipment 2540.7 37 Sewage Wastewater Wells 39 Definitions 2540.10(a) Hazardous Locations 2540.10(b) 39 Sewing Machines 4475 239 Sheepsheering Equipment 3454 170 Signs 151 Accident Prevention 3340 Acrylonitrile 5213(p) 584 Arsenic, Inorganic 5214(l) 594 Asbestos 5208(j)(3) 543 Bloodborne Pathogens 5193(g)(1)(B) 406 Cadmium 5207(m)(2) 495 Carcinogens 5209(e)(1) 566 Cotton Dust 5190(j) 365 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane (DBCP) 5212(o) 578 Ethylene Dibromide 5219(k) 626 Exit 3216 106 Hydrogen 5470 674 Lead 5198(m) 433 4,4-Methylenebis 5215(l) 600 Methylenedianiline 5200(k)(1) 463 Non Asbestiform Tremolite, Anthophyllite, and Actinolite 5208.1(h) 563 Outdoor (see also Outdoor Advertising Structures entry) 3413-3416 164 Railroad 3333 150 Vinyl Chloride 5210(l) 569 Skylights 105 Fall Protection 3212(e) Illumination 3317(c) 147 Slings 281-283 5041-5049 Alloy Steel Chain Slings 5044 281 Defective Hooks and Rings 5049 283 Definitions 5041 280 Fiber Rope Slings 5047 282 Inspections 5043 281 Metal Mesh Slings 5046 282 Natural Fiber Rope Slings 5047 282 Operating Practices 5042 281 Synthetic Fiber Rope Slings 5047 282

Tanks

T Tanks (see also Tanks under Flammable Liquids entry) 5583-5605 687-693 Testing 206 Amusement Rides 3903 Cranes (see also Testing under Cranes entry) 5020-5028 278-279 Derricks (see also Testing under Derricks entry) 5020-5028 278-279 Explosives 5330 658 Gaseous Hydrogen Systems 5471 674 Liquefied Hydrogen Systems 5487 676 Permit-Required Confined 347 Spaces, Atmospheric Testing 5157 Appendix B Personal Protective Equipment 5192 Appendix A 393 Piping 5612 694 Powered Platforms and Equipment 3296 134 Pressure Vessels 3304(a) 145 Respirators, Fit Testing 5144(f), 5144 Appendix A 307, 310 Rubber and Composition 245 Working Machines, Stopping Devices 4592 Tanks 5604 693 Welding, Piping Systems 4826 251 Testing, Electrical Installations and Equipment 2320.3 18 Textile Machinery and Equipment 4456-4476 238-239 Cards 4461 239 Carpet Frayers 4462 239 Carpet Trimmers 4463 239 Circular Knives 4464 239 Cloth Cutters 4476 239 Commercial Sewing Machines 4475 239 Cotton Combers, Gear Housing Covers 4459 239 Cotton Picker, Opener, and Willower 4465 239 Cuttles 4474 239 Definitions 4457 238 Doublers 4469 239 Drawing Frames, Gear Housing Covers 4459 239 Drying Cans 4472 239 Dye Jigs 4471 239 Garnett Machines 4470 239 Hand Bailing Machines 4473 239 Nappers 4468 239 Picker Machines 4466 239 Pile Cutters 4467 239 Rag Shredders 4462 239 Ring Spinning Frames, Gear Housing Covers 4459 239 Roving Parts, Gear Housing Covers 4459 239 Scope 4456 238 Sewing Machines 4475 239 Shearers 4467 239 Shuttles 4460 239 Silver and Ribbon Lap Machines 4469 239 Slubbers, Gear Housing Covers 4459 239 Swing Folders 4474 239 Twisters, Gear Housing Covers 4459 239 Warpers 4458 239 Theaters 45 Arc Lamps 2552.61 Bracket Fixture Wiring 2552.63 45 Cable Connectors 2552.67 45 Conductors, Portable Stage Equipment 2552.68 45 Dressing Rooms 45 Lamp Guards 2552.72 Pendant Lampholders 2552.71 45 Emergency Lighting, Switch Location 2571.21 50 Festoons 2552.65 45 Lamp Guards 2552.72 45 Pendant Lampholders 2552.71 45 Plugging Boxes, Portable 2552.62 45 Portable Strips 2552.64 45 Scope 2552.1 44

768

INDEX

Theaters (continued) 45 Special Effects 2552.66 Switchboards Fixed Stage Switchboards 44 Dead Front 2552.21 Guarding Back 2552.22 44 Lamps in Scene Docks 2552.47 44 Portable Switchboards on Stage Cable Arrangement 2552.53(i) 45 Circuit Breakers 2552.53(c) 44 Circuit Protection 2552.53(d) 44 Construction 2552.53 44 Dimmers 2552.53(e) 44 Enclosure 2552.53(a) 44 Interior Conductors 2552.53(f) 44 Live Parts 2552.53(b) 44 Overcurrent Protection 2552.52 44 Pilot Light 2552.53(g) 44 Supply 2552.51 44 Supply Connections 2552.53(h) 44 Switches 2552.53(c) 44 Terminals 2552.53(j) 45 Thermo-Setting Plastic Molding Presses 4601 245 Tobacco, Cigar Cutters (see also Smoking entry) 4558 243 Toilet Facilities 3365 153 3364 153 Tools (see also Equipment and Tools entry) 3556 180 Tools and Equipment 3911(d) 207 Tower Cranes (see also Tower Cranes under Cranes entry) 4965 271 Tractors Agricultural (see also Tractors under Agriculture entry) 3440, 3651 168, 197 Industrial (see also 197 Industrial Tractors under Plants, Industrial entry) 3651 Trade Secrets 414 Definition 5194 Appendix D Hazardous Substances 5194(i) 413 Trash Collection Equipment 232 Definitions 4343 Hoist and Tilt-Frame 4344, 4345 232 Compaction Equipment (see also Compaction Equipment under Waste 233-235 Disposal entry) 4350-4355 Tree Trimming Operations, Line Clearance 2950, 2951 90 Tree Work, Maintenance, or Removal 165 Accident Prevention Program 3421(a) Aerial Devices 3424(b) 166 Backpack Power Units 3425(b) 167 Brush Chippers 3424(c) 167 Climber Spurs 3426(d) 167 Climbing 3427(a) 167 Electrical Hazards 3423 166 Employee Training 3421(c) 165 3421(f) 165 Felling 3427(c) 168 Gasoline Engine Power Saws 3425(a) 167 Hearing Protection 3421(k) 166 Inspection of Equipment and Safety Devices 3421(e) 165 Mobile Equipment 3424 166 Potable Water 3421(g) 166 Pruning 3425(b) 167 3426(b) 167 3427(b) 168 Qualified Tree Worker 165 Definition 3420(b) Job Briefing 3421(d) 165 Supervision of Work Location 3421(b) 165 Rescue Procedures 3421(j) 166 Ropes 3426(c) 167 Saddles for Workers 3422 166 Safe Work Procedures 3427 167 Saws 3425(a), 3426 167 Scope 3420(a) 165 Tools 167 Hand Tools 3426

Section #, Page #

Welding

U Ultra-Violet Radiation 5079 295 Underground Tanks (see also Tanks, Underground Tanks under 691-692 Flammable Liquids entry) 5597-5599

V Valves 251 Hydraulic Back-Pressure Valves 4828 Hydraulic Relief Valves 4955 271 Materials 693 5607 Pipe Valves 3274 114 Piping Systems 694 5611 Steam Engines, Valve Gears 3512 179 Vehicles (see also Motor Vehicles entry) 3636-3809 192-205 Ventilation 319 Abrasive Blasting 5151(a)(1) Abrasive Wheels 5152(b) 319 Biological Safety Cabinets 5154.2 326 Bulk Plants 5618 694 Cadmium 5207(f)(3) 489 Dip Tanks 5427 667 Flammable and Combustible Liquids 5546(c) 683 Flammable Gases 5416(a) 666 Flammable Vapors 5416(a) 666 Generator Houses or Rooms 4807(a) 249 Laboratory-Type Hood Operations 5154.1 324 Mechanical Ventilation Systems 5143 304 Pits 3309(a) 145 Sewage Tanks and Sumps 3309(b) 145 Spray Coating Operations 5153, 5450 332, 670 System Controls, Mines and Tunnel Installations 2920 79 Trenches 3309(a) 145 Tunnels 3309(a) 145 Welding, Brazing, and Cutting 5150 318 Vinyl Chloride 567 Application 5210(a) Compliance Methods 5210(f) 568 Definitions 5210(b) 567 Emergency Situations 5210(i) 568 Employee Training 5210(j) 568 Hazardous Operations 5210(h) 568 Medical Surveillance 5210(k) 568 Monitoring 5210(d) 568 Permissible Exposure Limit 5210(c) 568 Records 5210(m) 569 Regulated Area 5210(e) 568 Respiratory Protection 5210(g) 568 Scope 5210(a) 567 Signs and Labels 5210(l) 569 Supplementary Medical Information 5210 Appendix A 570

W Wall Crane (Fig. 8). 4885 260 Warning sign for Multiple Disconnecting Means. 2562.5 Waste Disposal

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Asbestos. 5208(k)(6) 544 Bulk Plants. 5623 696 Compaction Equipment Balers. 4353 233 Construction. 4352 233 Mobile Equipment. 4354 234 Operating Rules. 4355(c) 235 Modification. 4352 233 Operating Rules. 4355 235 Reconstruction. 4352 233 Scope. 4350 233 Stationary Equipment. 4353 233 Operating Rules. 4355(b) 235 Definitions Compaction Equipment. 4351 233 Refuse and Trash Collection Equipment. 4343 232 Explosives. 5240 641 Food. 4559 243 Garbage Disposal Equipment. 4559 243 4,4-Methylenebis. 5215(i) 599 Refuse and Trash Collection Equipment. 4344 232 Service Stations, Flammable Liquids. 5579 686 Wastewater Wells, Electrical Installations and Equipment. 2540.1, 2540.10 34, 39 Water Generators. 4809 250 Industrial Plants. 3363 153 Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills. 4405 235 Water Gels. 5242 641 Welding Containers. 5166 353 Electric Welding Arc Welders Disconnecting Means. 2563.23 48 Overcurrent Protection. 2563.22 48 Arc Welding and Cutting. 4851 255 Inert-Gas Metal-Arc Welding. 4853 255 Resistance Welding. 4852 255 Resistance Welding, Disconnecting Means. 2563.33 48 Gas Systems Acetylene Piping. 4823 251 Approval. 4797 249 Booster Pumps. 4840 253 Calcium Carbide Opening Containers. 4819 251 Storage. 4818 250 Indoors. 4818(b) 250 Outdoors. 4818(c) 250 Compressor Pumps. 4840 253 Definitions. 4795 249 Fire Prevention. 4848 253 Generators Approval. 4797 249 Marking. 4797 249 Portable Acetylene Generators Maintenance. 4816 250 Operation. 4816 250 Usage. 4815 250 Pressure Limitations. 4798 249 Rating. 4798 249 Stationary Acetylene Generators Drain Connection. 4810 250 Escape Pipes. 4811 250 Exits from Houses, Rooms, or Compartments. 4806 249 Freezing, Protection Against. 4808 249 Gas Holders 4813 250 Heating of Houses or Rooms 4807(b) 249 Housing 4803 249 Inside Generator Rooms or Compartments 4805 249 Lighting of Houses or Rooms 4807(c) 249

INDEX

769

IX Subject Index

Tree Work, Maintenance, or Removal (continued) Tools (continued) 167 Portable Power Hand Tools 3425 Traffic Endangerment 3421(h) 166 Training of Employees 3421(c) 165 3421(f) 165 Trimming 3427(b) 168 Tremolite (see also Non Asbestiform 562 Tremolite, Anthophyllite, and Actinolite entry) 5208.1 Tunnels (see also Tunnels under 79 Electrical Installations and Equipment entry) 2914-2923

Welding Welding (continued) Gas Systems (continued) Stationary Acetylene Generators (continued) 250 Maintenance 4812 Operation 4812 250 Outside Generator Houses 4804 249 Relief Pipes 4811 250 Ventilation of Houses or Rooms 4807(a) 249 Water Supply Connection 4809 250 Training 4799 249 Hose 4839 252 Liquid Oxygen 4837 252 Manifolds 252 Fuel Gas Manifolds 4835 Oxygen Manifolds 4834, 4836 252 Marking 4797 249 Operating Procedures 4845 253 Piping 4821-4828 251 Acetylene Piping 4823 251 Design 4821 251 Hydraulic Back-Pressure Valves 4828 251 Installation 4825 251 Joints 4824 251 Materials 4821 251 Oxygen Piping 4822 251 Painting 4827 251 Signs 4827 251 Testing 4826 251 Pressure Regulators 4838 252 Purpose 4794 249 Training 4799 249 Personal Protective Equipment 5150 318 Ventilation 5150 318 Wells Oil and Gas Wells 40 Definitions 2548.21(c) Drilling Platforms 2548.25(a) 43 Drilling Wells 2548.22 41 Explosives, Service Industry 655 Assembly 5312 Electric Firing 5314 656 Loading 5312 655 Scope 5311 655 Storage 5313 655 Transportation 5313 655 Lighting 2548.26 44 Overload Protection 2548.24 43 Producing Wells 2548.23 41 Scope 2548.21(b) 40 Wiring 2548.25 43 Wastewater Wells Definitions 2540.10(a) 39 Hazardous Locations 2540.10(b) 39 Wells (see also Derricks, Oil and Gas Refineries entries) 5311-5314 655 Wharves (see also Marine Terminal Operations entry) 5620 695 Window Cleaning Accident Prevention 3282(b) 123 Anchors and Fittings 3283 124 Boatswain's Chairs 3286 126 Controlled Descent Apparatus 3286 126 Definitions 3281 120 Extension Tools 3289 127 Ladders 3287 127 Permanent Roof Top Installations 3291 127 Personal Fall Arrest Systems 3284(c) 126 Prohibited Equipment 3290 127 Safety Belts 3284(b) 125 Safety Equipment 3282 123

Window Cleaning (continued) Scaffolds 127 Rolling Scaffolds 3288 Safety Training 3282 123 Suspended 3285 126 Tools 3289 127 Window Cleaner's Belts 3284(a) 125 Wineries, Flammable and Combustible Liquids 5629 696 Woodworking Machines and Equipment 4296-4324 227-231 Automatic Lathes 4319 231 Band Knives and Band Saws 4310 230 Belt Sanders 4312 231 Boring and Mortising Machines 4316 231 Box-Shook Cut-off Saws 4304 229 Brush Chippers 4299 229 California Cut-off Saws 4304 229 Circular Hand Saws 4307 230 Circular Knives 4302 229 Circular Ripsaws 229 Manual Feed 4300 Self-Feed 4301 229 Combination Woodworking Machines 4320 231 Cordwood Saws, Guarding 4303 229 Cracked Saws 4321 231 Crosscut Saws 4302 229 Definitions 4297 228 Disc Sanders 4313 231 Drum Sanders 4314 231 Elbow Sanders 4315 231 Exhaust Systems 4324 231 Hand Fed Planers 4311 231 Hog Mills 4298 229 Horizontal Pull Saws 4309 230 Inverted Swing Cut-Off Saws 4306 230 Jointers 4311 231 Jump Saws 4306 230 Lathes 4319 231 Miter Saws 4307.1 230 Planing, Moulding, Sticking, and Matching Machines 4318 231 Portable Power Driven Circular Hand Saws 4307 230 Radial Arm Saws 4309 230 Shapers 4318.1 231 Shoe Last Lathes 4319 231 Slash Chippers 4299 229 Sliding Cut-Off Saws 4305 229 Speed of Saw Blades or Knives 4322 231 Spoke Lathes 4319 231 Swing Cut-Off Saws 4305 229 4306 230 Tenoning Machines 4317 231 Underslung Saws 4306 230 Wobble Saws 4323 231 Wood Shapers 4318.1 231 Work Platforms Elevating Work Platforms 192 Application 3636 Assembly Design 3639 193 Definitions 3637 192 Inclined Surfaces, Stability 3645 194 Maintenance 3640 193 Moving Parts, Guarding 3643 194 Operating Instructions 3646 194 Orchard Man-Lifts 3641 193 Pin-On Platforms 3647 194 Pruning Towers 3641 193 Repairs 3640 193 Mobile Work Platforms 3626 192 Working Warehouses 3241.1 111

X X-rays 5208(l), 5208 Appendix E

770

INDEX

544, 553

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