Redefine the Memorial Anonymity Landscape Memorial Design Haotian Ma (926179)
Thesis Statement As the most significant global event in 2020, COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant economic and social disruptions and a high death rate that still persist today. Wuhan, as one of the most impacted cities in China, built two temporary hospitals (LEISHENSHAN &HUOSHENSHAN) that made great contributions to mitigate the pandemic’s effects. The thesis propose the memorialization of the events, posing the question: How can memorial landscape deeply stimulate humans’ experience to inspire the visitor to reflect and meditate? Applying Andrea Giunta’s ‘anonymity design theories’, this thesis interrogates the necessity of the immanent sign of traditional memorial landscape design. Eschewing standard monumental memorial making, the thesis focus on applies anonymity landscape memorial design to not only subconsciously impact and strengthen humans’ experience and memory but also inspiring to form their own thoughts. The experimental site is the five hectares HUOSHENSHAN temporary hospital, that will be abandoned and replaced by open green space in the future plan. Through applying Giunta’s principles, this project creates an open-ended process to memorize COVID-19 event in four different stages (break-out, lockdown, reopen & ongoing, and next episode) that allows dynamic and fluid remembering experience in landscape and incites meditation of life and death, devastation and salvation, human and pandemic, and new city lifestyle.
Design Process
Memorial Landscape
2 Context
Context
1
Background of Covid-19 3 Reasons of Project Site selection & Analysis Precedents
Anonymity memorial Design strategies
Design for 4 stages
2.2
Stage 1: Break out Stage 2: Lock down Stage 3: Reopen & ongoing Stage 4: Next episode
Memorial Landscape
Anonymity Memorial
Experience
Design For 4 Stages
Anonymity Memorial
2.1
Not use the typical images, documents, and testimonies, but use visual perceptions and corporeal sensations to provide a particular experience. Not stable, comfort and ease, but unstable, discomfort and unease. Not limit and prevent, but open and invite everyone to interact. Not directly preserve, but recreate and reform to provide new experience.
Experience: design details
3
AOI1: Scare of unknown and death AOI2: Isolation AOI3: Back to normal but still under the shadow of ongoing pandemic AOI4: Future, mindful and hopeful
Context
1. Background of Covid-19 1.1 Hospital Admission Worldwide
Wuhan The Hospital Admission Rate in First 3 month
Hubei Oncology Hospital
102.6%
Hanyang Hospital
100.2%
Qingshan Hospital
97.1%
89.3% Huangpi Hospital 77.7% Wuhan 6th Hospital 77.1% Hannan Hospital 71.8% Wugang Hospital
Wuhan Children’s Hospital
64.1%
Since the COVID-19 pandemic exposed, it rapidly expand to all of the world and become a global issue now. Because of numerous people be infected with COVID-19, every country faced the same problem of intensive care bed number in hospital.
No enough beds for infected cases Many other patients force to leave hospital
Leishenshan Hospital: 18 Days
Huoshenshan Hospital: 10 Days
1.2 Reasons of Project
1.2.1 Worldwide Temporary Hospitals Pacaembu stadium in Sao Paulo, Brazil
Stadium Military medical tents in Mulhouse, eastern France
Meeting Centre
East Meadow In Central Park, New York City
Central Park Military medical tents in Mulhouse, eastern France
Car Park
What’s the space role of Chinese temporary hospitals after demolished ?
1.2.2 Public Outburst Event & City Memory Worldwide
2021.4.17
The COVID-19 affect almost all the country’s lifestyle by whole year, and it still existing now. COVID-19 becomes the biggest social events in recent decades. Wuhan
Wuhan, as one of the earliest infected city, was the first lock-down city in the world. During the past hundred years, it is the first time the whole city together fight with a social public event.
The world impacted city event needs to be memorized
1.2.3 Future Plan 2035-2050
10Mins Walking Distance From Residential Area to Green Space
m) 00 (6
10mins wal
kin g
2019
2050
The Residential Surrounded Future Plan Requires a Open Green Space
1.3 Site Introduction & Analysis 1.3.1 Site Condition
➤
5 hectares
N
Image © 2021 Maxar Technologies
600 m
1.3.2 Site History
1999
2008
2016
2017
2019
2020
1.3.3 Site Condition
Existing Residential
Constructing Residential
Temporary Hospital Healthcare Centre with Garden Car Park Green Space Road System Water
Buffer wall
Building Buffer Area Barrier Wall Purified Station Gasoline Station Temporary Hospital
Purification Station
Residential Area
N 100m
Constructing Residential
Healthcare Center Site Boundary Site Entrance Bus Station
1.3.4 Site Photo (Temporary hospital)
Temporary Construction
Large Open Space
Storage Space
1.3.4 Site Condition (Purification station)
1.3.4 Site Photo (Health care center)
Entrance Building
Connection with Hospital
Garden Area
1.3.4 Site Photo (Barrier wall)
Hidden by Plants
Hidden by Plants
Temporary Wall
1.3.4 Site Photo (Surrounding residential)
Existing Residential
Constructing Residential
Constructing Housing Area Existing Housing Area
1. 4 Precedent Study
1.4.1 Berlin Holocaust Memorial (Anonymity) Basic information Location: Cora-Berliner-Straße 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany Designer: Peter Eisenman Implemetation: 2005 Area: 19,000m2
Extracted design ideas Unstable: Using uneven ground surface create up and down journey experience. Discomfort and unease: using 2711 concrete cubes create narrow and dark trails, which provide discomfort and unease experience. No specific entrance: visitors can choose everywhere as the start point of their journey.
1.4.2 911 Memorial Park Basic information Location: 180 Greenwich St, New York, NY 10007USA Designer: Daniel Libeskind Implemetation: 2006 Area: 19,000m2
Extracted design ideas
Meditation: Two water fall fountains symbolized the huge lost in 911 event. The fountain combined visualized and auditory effect, which provide a thoughtful and mournful space to visitors. Healing: The soft green space not only heals the negative emotions of visitors, but also provide public activities & service functions in city daily life.
Memorial Landscape
2.1 Anonymity Memorial Landscape
Anonymity Memorial Landscape Not use the typical images, documents, and testimonies, but use visual perceptions and corporeal sensations to provide a particular experience. Not stable, comfort and ease, but unstable, discomfort and unease. Not limit and prevent, but open and invite everyone to interact. Not directly preserve, but recreate and reform to provide new experience. Giunta, Andrea
Reference Giunta, Andrea. “Feeling the Past: Display and the Art of Memory in Latin America.” Journal of Curatorial Studies 3, no. 2&3 (2014): 320-345.
2.1.2 Theoretical Framework
Not use the typical images, documents, and testimonies.
Stable
Comfort and ease
But use visual perceptions and corporeal sensations to provide a particular experience
Unstable
Discomfort and unease
Not stable, comfort and ease
But unstable, discomfort and unease
Not limit and prevent
But open and invite everyone to interact
Not preserve directly
But recreate and reform to provide new experience
2.1.2 Theoretical Framework
Not use the typical images, documents, and testimonies, but use visual perceptions and corporeal sensations to provide a particular experience.
Not stable, comfort and ease, but unstable, discomfort and unease.
Not directly preserve, but recreate and reform to provide new experience. Not limit and prevent, but open and invite everyone to interact.
2.1.3 Anonymity Memorial Design Principles Not use the typical images, documents, and testimonies, but use visual perceptions and corporeal sensations to provide a particular experience
The typical monument with images, documents and testimonies: Zunyi memorial park (China)
Scare of unknown and death
Isolation
Back to normal but still under the shadow of pandemic
Mindful and hopeful
Not stable, comfort and ease, but unstable, discomfort and unease.
Stable: Tangshan earthquake memorial park (China)
Unstable land form
Not limit and prevent, but open and invite everyone to interact.
Limit and prevent: Tangshan earthquake memorial park (China)
Interacted preservation
Comfort and ease: The ring of remembrance (France)
Limit entrance: National holocaust memorial park (Canada)
Discomfort and unease: Semi-underground space
Open edge and entrances, visitors can choose their own journey.
Not preserve directly, but recreate and reform to provide new experience
Preserve: Tangshan earthquake memorial (China)
Recreated and reformed hospital
Recreated and reformed entrance
Recreated and reformed topography
2.2 Design for 4 Stages
Stage1: Break out
Stage2: Lock down
Stage3: Reopen & ongoing
Stage4: Next episode
2.2.1 Typologies Stage1: Breakout
Scare of unknown and death 2 Narrow concrete walls strengthen the dark shade which increase the experience of scare and unknown Dark entrance provide the experience of scare and unknown
Entrance 1: Unease
Unstable land form create narrow and shaded entrance, visitor can not see clearly of the view through entrance, which increase the experience of scare and unknown
Entrance 2: Unstable
Using slant walls with uneven materials to provide discomfort and unease feeling.
The curved path create blind spots, visitors can not see the view behind entrance, which increase the experience of scare and unknown
Entrance 3: Discomfort
Stage2: Lock down
Isolation
Using different hight land form to create several labyrinthian trails, visitors will be unconsciously separated and isolated. Using undulated ground surface to make visitors hid in some area, which represent life-taken and isolation.
Isolation Zone
Because of topography change, the three trails have different shapes and undulated journey experience. Visitors will be separated from entrance and through isolated trails, they will eventually gather in semiunderground space.
Isolation Trails
Stage3: Reopen & ongoing
Back to normal but still under the shadow of pandemic
The central installation be recreated and reformed by temporary hospital structures.
Semi-underground Exhibition
Stage4: Next episode
Future, mindful and hopeful
The mirror pillars can reflect nature views, reformed hospital structures and visitors themselves, which encourage visitor meditating.
Mirror Pillars
The unstable shaped fountain provides the feeling of falling and drag, these discomfort and unease feeling can inspire visitors to think different futures.
Meditation Fountain
2.2.2 Located Design Strategies and Connections into Site
2.2.3 Shaping Process Creating curved exist trails to increase exist distance and provide quiet and clear environment to encourage visitors finished contemplation.
Using curved trail to increase blind point and improve the unknown feeling.
Fill the land form to block the view and provide the feeling of unknown.
Cut and create depth of trail, improve feeling of discomfort. Create open and flat space around ‘future’ AOIs to provide open field to encourage visitors concentrate on AOIs and inspire them mediating.
Drag and make landform unstable.
Fill more unstable landform to increase the unstable feeling and shady & dark atmosphere.
Using curved trail to decrease the slope gradient.
The trail be created based on the contour line of unstable landform.
Create open space before entrance to hight the AOI.
Fill the land form to block the view and provide the feeling of unknown.
Open the dark entrance to improve the feeling of scare.
Add two concrete board to increase shady and dark atmosphere.
Using straight line to connect ‘break-out’ and ‘reopen’, which represent the feeling of single and isolated during ‘lock down’.
Cut & fill to create up & down topography on the trail which improve the feeling of unstable and also simulate the unstable condition of COVID-19 during isolation.
Creating curved exist trails to increase exist distance and provide quiet and clear environment to encourage visitors finished contemplation.
Fill the land form to block the view.
Fill more land form to improve the feeling of labyrinthine, lost and isolated.
2.3 Master Plan Legend 1 2 3 4 5 6
Entrance 1: Unease Entrance 2: Unstable Entrance 3: Discomfort Isolated trail 1 Isolated trail 2 Isolated trail 3
7
Semi-underground space
8
Reformed hospital structure
9
Meditation fountain
10
Mirror pillar
11
Isolation zone
12
Entrance to underground space
13
Exist
13
3
9
4
7
8 10
5
2
12
11
6
1
13
N 10m 25m
50m
100m
2.3.2 Potential Routes
Underground level route Ground level route
Experience : Design Details
3 Emotional Design 3.1 Colour & Emotion
Insecure Red, orange, yellow, and other warm colors are stress-inducers that capture attention, making them perfect for deadlines and error messages. These warm colors are great for any lossaversion messaging. High-contrast black works similarly, but has the added advantage of being accessible to the visually impaired.
Optimistic
secure
Despite popular belief, green is the most optimistic color in these studies given its pleasure, arousal and control connotations. On the achromatic scale, light gray and white are the most optimistic. Try to create a healthy volume of optimistic content. If you want to keep them motivating, limit their application and try to introduce as much variation as possible.
Cool blue is the least arousing color, associated with the most comforting and pleasing emotions. It has associations to security, empowerment and competence. It’s not as attentiongrabbing as red or green, for example, so this isn’t a good choice for critical messaging. These make for nice contextual design palettes. Not bad for higher risk digital tasks.
Brian Cugelman, The psychological color and emotional design (2020).
Pessimistic On the achromatic scale, the most depressing point is middle gray. When it comes to color, there isn’t any clear pessimistic emotion zone. So perhaps too much gray is the best way to paint a pessimistic picture.
3.1.2 Material & Emotion
Brian Cugelman, The psychological color and emotional design (2020).
3.2 AOI1: scare of unknown and death 3.2.1 Entrance1: Unease
Scare
Pessimistic
3.2.2 AOI1: Section A-A
Raw Concrete Discomfort & Pessimistic
Entrance Quercus variabilis
Raw Concrete Board
Stone Brick Wall
Stone Brick Wall
Discomfort & Fascination
Discomfort & Fascination
Entrance 2: Unstable Underground Corridor
Isolated trail 3 10m
A
A
Pinus armandii
Pinus parviflora
Irregular Grass & Shurbs Lost & Labyrinthine
25m
50m
3.3 AOI2: Isolation 3.3.1 AOI2: Isolation zone
Lost
Control
Confuse Simplified Colour Extraction
3.3.1 AOI2: Section B-B
Purple Coloured Stone Brick Wall
Irregular Grass & Shurbs
Discomfort & Fascination
Lost & Labyrinthine
Quercus variabilis
Raw concrete path
Pinus parviflora
Isolating landform Raw concrete path Isolating landform
Isolating landform
Raw concrete path Isolating landform
10m
Raw concrete path 25m
B B
Raw Concrete Discomfort & Meditation
50m
3.3.2 AOI2: Isolated trail 3
Simplified Colour Extraction
Lonely & Isolated
Fear
Confuse
3.3.2 AOI2: Section C-C
Blue Coloured Stone Brick Wall Discomfort & Fascination
Quercus variabilis
Pinus parviflora
Raw concrete path
Pinus armandii
Blue coloured stone wall 10m
C
C
Raw Concrete Discomfort & Meditation
25m
50m
3.4 AOI3: Back to normal but still under the shadow of ongoing pandemic 3.4.1 Semi-underground space
Hope & Competence
Control
Confuse
Scare Simplified Colour Extraction
3.4.2 AOI3: Section C-C
Raw Concrete
Stone Brick Wall
Discomfort & Meditation
Discomfort & Fascination
Timber & wood Satisfaction & concentration
Ground level platform
Woody path
Meditation fountain
Reformed temporary hospital structures Water pond 10m
25m
50m
D
D
Mental Fear & Cold
Colour Coating Plate Safe & Hope Mental Fear & Meditation
3.4.2 AOI3: Section C-C (WSUD Analysis)
Rain water collection (deposit)
Rain water collection (deposit) Rain water collection (deposit) Feed back to plants irrigation
Feed back to plants irrigation Storage tank
3.4.2 AOI3: Night view
3.5 AOI4: Future, Hopeful and Mindful 3.5.1 Mirror pillars
Simplified Colour Extraction
Hope & Competence
Control
Meditation
3.5.2 AOI4: Section D-D
Raw Concrete Discomfort & Meditation
Reformed temporary hospital structures
Entrance of underground space Loop bridge
Entrance of underground space Mirror pillar 5m
D
D
Mirror
Meditation
10m
20m
3.5.2 AOI4: Night view
Contemplation
Through to the anonymity landscape design theory, this project provokes visitors’ common experience and memory of COVID-19 event, and invite all kinds of visitors, which include not only include Wuhan citizen but also worldwide impacted people, to have their meditation of life and death, devastation and salvation, human and pandemic, and new city lifestyle. By decreasing the sign and specific information in the memorial park, the visitor will be invited to freely choose their routes and produce an open ended experience.
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